Atualmente vive-se uma nova era de dinamismo no ambiente organizacional e presencia-se uma revolução impulsionada pela transformação tecnológica. O estudo da aprendizagem organizacional é uma resposta para as organizações que procuram melhorar seu desempenho e tornar-se cada vez mais competitivas. A aprendizagem organizacional aliada aos meios tecnológicos influenciaram os estudos na teoria de comunidades de prática (CoP), dando início a interação, troca de informações e conhecimentos através dos processos de aprendizagem formal e informal. Nesta linha desenvolve-se este estudo no campo da aprendizagem, em que comunidades distribuídas remotamente usufruem do meio tecnológico, dando início as Comunidades de Práticas Virtuais (CoPV). O objetivo desse trabalho foi compreender como os processos de aprendizagem acontecem dentro de uma CoPV. Os objetivos específicos foram: i) evidenciar características de CoPV, ii) analisar os processos de interação entre os integrantes da comunidade, do seu surgimento ao seu desenvolvimento, iii) descrever os processos formais e informais de aprendizagem, iv) identificar interações dos níveis organizacionais e interorganizacionais advindas da comunidade de prática virtual, e por fim, v) analisar a contribuição, dos resultados provenientes da participação na CoPV nas atividades profissionais dos envolvidos. A construção do referencial teórico abordou a aprendizagem organizacional e interorganizacional, processos formais e informais de aprendizagem, CoP e por fim estudos recentes sobre CoPV. Como metodologia de pesquisa, o estudo é caracterizado como sendo de natureza qualitativa e teve cunho exploratório, o desenvolvimento do estudo foi efetivado por meio da estratégia de pesquisa estudo de caso, sendo um caso único. A coleta de dados foi realizada através de triangulação de informações, com questões semiestruturadas, análise de documentos e através de uma observação participante natural. Os participantes do estudo foram os integrantes do Grupo de Usuários do Rio Grande do Sul (GU-RS) no qual discute-se assuntos referentes a softwares da linha de produtos da Totvs. Como resultados identificou-se aprendizagem nos processos formais e informais, sendo que ambos complementam-se. Evidenciou-se que esta aprendizagem ocorre tanto no fórum on-line como nas reuniões presenciais que reforça o grupo. A coordenação do grupo é essencial para conduzir e organizar o grupo, e os integrantes resolvem problemas e compartilham experiências e informações aprendendo diariamente e continuamente, criando valor para a empresa que constituem e adquirindo experiência com essa interação espontânea. Recomenda-se estudos futuros com outras CoPV, e estudos quantitativos para complementar e agregar em novas pesquisas. / Nowadays a new era is becoming reflected in the dynamics of the organizational environment and it undergoes a revolution driven by technological change. The study of organizational learning emerges as a response to organizations seeking to improve their performance and become increasingly competitive. Organizational learning allied to technology influenced studies in the theory of Communities of Practice (CoP) initiating interaction, exchange of information and knowledge through the processes of formal and informal learning. By the way this study is based in the field of learning in distributed communities that remotely enjoy the technological environment, initiating the Virtual Communities of Practice (VCoP). The aim of this work was to understand how learning the formal and informal learning happen within a VCoP. processes take place within a VCoP . The specific objectives were: i) identify characteristics of VCoP, ii) analyze the processes of interaction between members and the context of the emergence and development of the group, iii ) describe the formal and informal learning processes that generate learning , iv) identify interactions of organizational and interorganizational levels arising from the online community and finally , v) analyze the contribution of the results from the participation in VCoP by the professionals activities of the members. The construction of the theoretical framework approached the organizational and interorganizational learning , formal and informal learning processes, CoP, and in the end, it is going to approach some recent studies on VCoP. As a research methodology , the study is characterized as qualitative and the nature exploratory. The development of the study was carried out through the case study research, about one single case. Data collection was carried out through triangulation of information , with semi-structured questions , analysis of documents and through a natural participant observation . The study participants were members of the user group of Rio Grande do Sul Totvs ( RS - GU ) in which we discuss issues relating to Totvs’ line of software products. As a result it was identified learning in formal and informal processes, both of which complement each other. Became evident that learning occurs both in the online forum and physical meetings that doing the group stronger. The coordination is essential to organize and lead the group, and members solve problems and share experiences and information and learning daily, continuously creating value for the company and gaining experience with this spontaneous interaction. Future studies with other VCoP, and quantitative studies are recommended to complement new researches.

Die Dissertation befasst sich mit Einkommenszyklen offener Volkswirtschaften. Im Grundmodell werden Einkommensunterschiede der Länder durch verschiedene Lernexternalitäten ausgelöst. Arbeitsteilung im internationalen Handel verfestigt die Ungleichentwicklung. Das Aufkommen neuer Technologien benachteiligt Länder hoher Lernexternalitäten und ermöglicht die Umkehrung der Einkommensunterschiede. Mit immer neuen Technologien geht so ein ständiger Wechsel der Einkommenspositionen einher. In dieses Modell wird in der Dissertation eine Lernfunktion integriert. Erweiterungen befassen sich mit den Veränderungen des Einkommenszyklus durch anreizkompatible Verteilung der Handelsgewinne, durch Auftreten von Spillovers der Lernexternalität zwischen den Ländern und zwischen den Technologiegenerationen und durch Migration von Arbeit.

Thesis (M.A. )--Miami University, Dept. of Educational Psychology, 2008. / Title from first page of PDF document. Includes bibliographical references (p. 35-37).

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Wollongong, 2007. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references: leaf 274-294.

Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka vilka roller som tilldelas flickor/kvinnor och män/pojkar i bilder i läromedel i teknik för mellanstadiet och hur det påverkar konnotationer som skulle kunna uppkomma ur ett normkritiskt perspektiv. Med utgångspunkt i att bilder kan påverka normer och att Skolverket tydligt instruerat att vissa normer ska utmanas har bilder i två läromedel i teknik granskats. Via en förfrågan på Facebook framkom att Boken om teknik och PULS Teknik 4–6 var de vanligast använda läromedlen av de svarande. Ur dessa läromedel valdes två bilder från varje bok som analyserades via semiotisk metod. Bilder från böckerna analyserades med hjälp av ett semiotiskt analysramverk, som delar in analysen i fyra kategorier som berör inre- och yttre kontext samt denotativ- och konnotativ nivå.      Undersökningen visar att bilder i läromedel i teknik för mellanstadiet både har normbrytande och normuppehållande tecken. De varierar i grad ifrån att visa aktiva, självständiga flickor till allvetande mainsplainande män. De konnotationer som skulle kunna uppkomma ifrån dessa går ifrån att flickor kan identifiera sig med teknik till att teknik är en historiskt manlig domän. / The purpose of this essay is to investigate the roles assigned to girls/women and men/boys in educational materials in the technology subject in grades 4-6 and how it affects connotations that could arise from a norm critical perspective. Because images can affect norms and that the National Agency for Educations clearly instructs that certain norms should be challenged, pictures in two teaching materials in technology have been examined. Through an inquiry on Facebook, it was found that Boken om teknik and PULS Teknik 4-6 were the most commonly used teaching materials according to the respondents. Images from the books were analyzed using a semiotic analysis framework, which divides the analysis into four categories that concern internal and external contexts and denotative and connotative levels.      The results show that images in teaching materials in middle school technology have both norm breaking and norm detaining signs. They vary in extent from showing active, independent girls to all-knowing mansplaining men. The connotations that could arise from these goes from those that girls could identify with technology to technology as a historical male domain.

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Educational Studies / D. Ed.(Psychology of Education)Educational Studies

This is an Action Research (AR) study with the senior phase Technology teachers at selected schools of Limpopo Province. The study was motivated by the fact that Technology Education is a foreign concept to many teachers and a new learning area in school curriculum both nationally and internationally. This was exacerbated by the many educational changes that took place in South Africa in the last 18 years. These changes include the overhauling of curriculum, which was the strategic and symbolic change since the first democratic election of 1994, but followed by its review. Thus, a new curriculum known as Curriculum 2005 (reviewed twice already) was developed in which Technology was introduced as a new subject. These changes drastically affected Technology Education and teachers’ coping demands on both the subject content and pedagogy escalated. In this study, AR, a strategy for a systematic, objective investigation with Technology teachers’ who are un- and under- qualified to teach Technology was considered. The study aimed at establishing intervention strategies to empower and emancipate senior phase Technology teachers in Mankweng Circuit from the said challenges above. Thus, the study sought to address the question: How could action research intervention be used to improve the teaching of senior phase Technology teachers who are un- and/or under-qualified? The intervention strategies were implemented through the AR cycles in spiral activities of planning, implementation and observation, action and reflection, whose principles were operationalized to develop participants from the situations that they face in their Technology teaching contexts. The study was designed from both critical theory perspective and participatory paradigm. The following instruments were used as a means to gather data: observations, interviews, questionnaires, field notes, video recording of lesson plans and logs of meetings. The study managed to come up with guidelines to develop and kick start AR with teachers. From the ii findings an AR model was developed to emancipate the un- and under-qualified Technology teachers. Themes from the challenges and AR were used to draft a six weeks plan to empower incapacitated Technology teachers. This investigation was shaped by the initial reflection or preliminary study conducted with the participants called reconnaissance study which revealed specific challenges that Technology teachers encountered daily in their classes. These challenges were turned into the themes, which together with the findings from the preliminary study and interview reflection per cycle were used to design the intervention strategies for the next main cycle. The findings of the study from both the preliminary investigation (presented in Chapter Two) and main AR (presented in Chapter Five) reveal an improvement in the teachers’ understanding and implementation of Technology – they were emancipated to a greater extent from the challenges prior to the AR intervention and post the AR intervention. It is true that coming together as AR co-researchers was the beginning of Technology teaching practice problem identification; keeping together was progressive in Technology teaching; but working together remains our success in Technology teaching then, now and in the future – post doctoral studies. / Curriculum and Instructional Studies / D. Ed. (Curriculum Studies)

Technology and globalisation has shaped the experiences and expectations of adult learners in the 21st century. How adults learn and what they want to learn is highly influenced by the world they live in at any given time. The need for customisation, extending traditional learning experiences into new learning experiences will address the quality and value of higher education learning in South Africa. Restructuring of current programmes to be more flexible, accessible, interactive, that supports collaboration of learning activities and accommodates different learning styles, will enrich the adult learners’ learning experience and quality of learning. In suggesting the use of an alternative learning strategy, the use of a hybrid study approach (HSA) has been suggested and investigated. Limited research has been conducted in the use of a hybrid study approach (HSA) and more on what has been said was conducted on pure online learning, therefore this study focused on managing the quality of learning in higher education through a hybrid study approach (HSA). Since the researcher’s interest was to gain insight and understanding of learners’, tutors’ and institutional managements’ perceptions, understanding, concerns and experiences in their real world conditions when using a hybrid study approach (HSA), the qualitative research method was applied. The researcher focused on the micro-level of managing quality of learning by assessing the ‘learning’ when learning with technology. The study adhered to ethical principles and techniques to enhance the validity of the findings. The study found that a need for redress and reform of training and education in South Africa, especially with the integration of technology in higher education, extending into a hybrid study approach (HSA), which is in harmony with international standards of academic quality, knowledge, expertise and skills is needed in a changing global economy. A one-for-all learning approach was found not well suited for the needs of society today and does not foster an all-inclusive learning approach. The move to a knowledge society where learners are interconnected and where information circulate around the world faster than ever, it is evident that much learning occurs in a social environment and does not happen in splendid isolation. It was found evident that life demands and other different roles adult learners need to fulfill, adults intentionally search for educational settings that support their way of learning. / Education Leadership and Management / M. Ed. (Education Management)

科学研究費補助金 研究種目:基盤研究(B)(1) 課題番号:11430007 研究代表者:曹 斗燮 研究期間:1999-2000年度