O mundo contemporâneo estrutura sujeitos que se submergem no espaço virtual, intercomunicados e com acesso para viajar a países distantes de modo vertiginoso; porém, os expatriados são uma amostra que, de modo mais abrangente, desenha o perfil subjetivo do sujeito do século XXI. Com base no trabalho psicanalítico feito com famílias de expatriados, a presente pesquisa visa a aprofundar o conceito de interculturalidade. Esses sujeitos contemporâneos se constituem a partir de um emaranhado de culturas que se entrecruzam, deixando marcas variadas que vão se estruturando em uma identidade intercultural. Os vínculos familiares servem de base e apoio, em seus diferentes formatos. Trabalhamos com o expatriado e sua família em encontros terapêuticos em situação vincular, pelos quais a terapeuta faz interpretações e assinalamentos sobre o processo de inserção em culturas estrangeiras. A teoria que ampara o trabalho clínico e teórico é a psicanálise das configurações vinculares. Vários autores são citados para dar luz sobre o mundo atual, partindo da psicanálise e também considerando outras ciências, como a sociologia e a antropologia. Trabalhamos sobre seis casos clínicos de expatriação: cinco famílias com filhos e um casal, para dar sustentação clínica à pesquisa teórica. Apresentam-se diversos modos de estrutura dos vínculos, frente às mudanças geográficas, de espaço, tempo e cultura. Algumas famílias dão sustentação a esses processos, colaborando na conformação da identidade intercultural de seus membros, enquanto outras ficam a meio caminho, nesse processo. Assinalam-se os diferentes níveis de modificação ou impossibilidades de transformação na estrutura familiar inconsciente de cada grupo familiar. Três dimensões da estruturação psíquica são levadas em conta, no presente texto, que incluem a conformação intrapsíquica, a intersubjetiva ou vincular e a transubjetiva ou sociocultural. Estabelece-se um link entre a teoria e a prática clínica, para chegar às conclusões sobre o perfil subjetivo do sujeito contemporâneo. A constituição subjetiva do sujeito contemporâneo pressupõe uma adaptabilidade e maleabilidade na oscilação entre diversos universos, a possibilidade de utilização do novo como forma de modificação interna e o uso dos recursos que assegurem uma certa estabilidade vincular e interna, para construir a identidade intercultural / Contemporary world structures people that tend to submerge in virtual space, are intercommunicated and have the means to travel to distant countries in a vertiginous way. Expatriates are a sample that draw the subjective profile of people of the twenty-first century. Based on psycoanalytical work with families of expatriates, this research aims at deepening the concept of interculturalism. These contemporary people are constituted by a tangle of interwoven cultures which leave psychic traces, that will determine the structure of an intercultural identity. Family ties in its different formats are the basis and support in this process. We interview expatriates families in \"therapeutic encounters in bond situation,\" in which the therapist provides interpretations and indications concerning the insertion process in foreign cultures. The theory that supports this clinical and theoretical work is psychoanalysis of link configurations. Several authors are quoted which provide knowledge about the modern world, starting with psychoanalysis and considering other sciences, such as sociology and anthropology. In this thesis we present six expatriation cases: five families with children and a couple, to provide clinical support to theoretical research. The cases present several ways of bond structure, so as to face geographic moves, space, time and culture modifications. Some families give support to these processes, and are active at shaping an intercultural identity of its members, while others stay halfway in the process. We discuss different levels of change of the unconscious structure of each family group. We take into consideration three dimensions of psychic structure: intrapsychic conformation, the inter-subjective or link space and the transubjective or sociocultural mode. This thesis establishes a link between theory and clinical practice, reaching conclusions about the subjective profile of contemporary people. The subjective constitution of the contemporary being requires adaptability and flexibility while oscillating between different universes, the possibility of using what\'s new as a form of internal modification and the use of resources to ensure a certain stability and internal linking, in order to build intercultural identity

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T18:15:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gildette Soares Fonseca.pdf: 6265209 bytes, checksum: ab058b99b833dde1dff7dd749eaf74af (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-06-23 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The temporaries migrations reflect the process of social inequality that prevails in the hidden corners of Brazil, involving the survival of populations of low purchasing power, while the periodic return to the living space (re)create new meanings. This research contemplates reflections on the history of temporaries migrants in Mirabela, county located in the north of Minas Gerais. Our main goal is to know the spatial dimension of these migrations and their working conditions, examining the implications on the territoriality of the space of Mirabela. Thus, we characterized the geographical category place - living space, - connecting it to temporary migration, analyzing the process of settlement of the county, evaluating the socioeconomic- cultural organization of the migrant population and identifying the formation of social networks of migrants and their families. The theoretical referential used contemplated discussions about geographical category place, concepts of temporary migration, identity, employment relationship, de/reterritorialization and social networks. Considering these assumptions, we execute a descriptive exploratory study, using interviews and narratives of migrants life histories, being each one of the twenty fieldworks essential to this research. From the compilation of data, we elaborate maps and chart that show the spatialization of temporaries migrations of the citizens of Mirabela, being these same temporaries migrations also occur in other regions of Minas Gerais and in the states of Bahia, Tocantins, Goiás and Mato Grosso do Sul. In these regions migrants work in the coffee harvest, in coal production, in sugar cane and wood cutting, beyond some of them develop industrial activities during the year in Nova Serrana, county of the state of Minas Gerais, returning to Mirabela only on vacation period and long holidays. We realized that the responsible factors for migrations are the inefficiency of the municipal government to attract investments for the generation of jobs; the neglect of state and federal managers with the north of Minas Gerais counties, specifically Mirabela; the absence of public policies aimed at setting the man on the field, since the majority of the migrant population has few years of study and performing agricultural activities; and the powerlessness of governments in taking care of the interests of migrants workers. In this scene we observe that there is economic stagnation - low purchasing power - therefore, many young people without work perspective follow the path of parents and grandparents, occurring irrecoverable losses in the familiar scope and in the living space, - de/re-territorialization - thence migrants seek to places that most resemble their dogma/realities and attempt in a closing and confining process to form their territories, as the Santo Hipólito Settlement, which shelters families who left the rhythm of migration during the agricultural harvests and opted to live of the subsistence, however with better quality of life. We also realize the development of networks of solidarity between migrants and their families face to the difficulties confronted in the workplaces and in Mirabela / As migrações temporárias refletem o processo de desigualdade social que impera nos recantos do Brasil, implicando a sobrevivência de populações de baixo poder aquisitivo, enquanto o retorno periódico ao espaço de vivência re(cria) novas significações. Esta pesquisa contempla reflexões sobre a trajetória de migrantes temporários do município de Mirabela, localizado no norte de Minas Gerais. Nosso principal objetivo é conhecer a dimensão espacial dessas migrações e as suas condições de trabalho, averiguando as implicações na territorialidade do espaço mirabelense. Para tanto, caracterizamos a categoria geográfica lugar - espaço de vivência relacionando-a com migração temporária, analisando o processo de povoamento do município, avaliando a organização sócio-econômico-cultural da população migrante e identificando a formação das redes sociais dos migrantes e de seus familiares. O referencial teórico utilizado contemplou discussões sobre a categoria geográfica lugar, conceitos de migração temporária, identidade, relações de trabalho, des(re)territorialização e redes sociais. Considerando tais pressupostos, partimos para um estudo exploratório descritivo, utilizando entrevistas e relatos das histórias de vida de migrantes, sendo cada um dos vinte trabalhos de campo essencial à esta pesquisa. A partir da compilação dos dados, elaboramos mapas e tabela que evidenciam a espacialização das migrações temporárias dos mirabelenses, sendo que as mesmas ocorrem para outras regiões de Minas Gerais e para os estados da Bahia, Tocantins, Goiás e Mato Grosso do Sul. Ali os migrantes trabalham na colheita de café, no carvoejamento, no corte de cana-de-açúcar e de madeira, além de alguns desenvolverem atividades industriais em Nova Serrana município mineiro no decorrer do ano, retornando à Mirabela apenas no período de férias e feriados prolongados. Descobrimos que os fatores responsáveis pelas migrações são a ineficácia do poder público municipal em atrair investimentos para a geração de empregos; o descaso dos gestores estadual e federal com os municípios norte-mineiros, especificamente Mirabela; a ausência de políticas públicas que visem fixar o homem no campo, uma vez que a maioria da população migrante possui poucos anos de estudos e executam atividades agrícolas; e a impotência dos governantes em atender aos interesses dos trabalhadores migrantes. Neste cenário observamos que há uma estagnação econômica - baixo poder aquisitivo por isso, muitos jovens, sem perspectivas de trabalho, seguem a trajetória dos pais e avós, ocorrendo irrecuperáveis perdas no âmbito familiar e no espaço de vivência - des(re)territorialização daí os migrantes procurarem locais que mais assemelham aos seus dogmas / realidades, e tentarem, num processo de fechamento e enclausuramento, formar seus territórios, como o Assentamento Santo Hipólito, que abriga famílias que abandonaram o ritmo das migrações no período das safras agrícolas e optaram por viver da subsistência, porém com melhor qualidade de vida. Percebemos também o desenvolvimento de redes de solidariedade entre os migrantes e familiares diante das dificuldades enfrentadas nos locais de trabalho e em Mirabela

O mundo contemporâneo estrutura sujeitos que se submergem no espaço virtual, intercomunicados e com acesso para viajar a países distantes de modo vertiginoso; porém, os expatriados são uma amostra que, de modo mais abrangente, desenha o perfil subjetivo do sujeito do século XXI. Com base no trabalho psicanalítico feito com famílias de expatriados, a presente pesquisa visa a aprofundar o conceito de interculturalidade. Esses sujeitos contemporâneos se constituem a partir de um emaranhado de culturas que se entrecruzam, deixando marcas variadas que vão se estruturando em uma identidade intercultural. Os vínculos familiares servem de base e apoio, em seus diferentes formatos. Trabalhamos com o expatriado e sua família em encontros terapêuticos em situação vincular, pelos quais a terapeuta faz interpretações e assinalamentos sobre o processo de inserção em culturas estrangeiras. A teoria que ampara o trabalho clínico e teórico é a psicanálise das configurações vinculares. Vários autores são citados para dar luz sobre o mundo atual, partindo da psicanálise e também considerando outras ciências, como a sociologia e a antropologia. Trabalhamos sobre seis casos clínicos de expatriação: cinco famílias com filhos e um casal, para dar sustentação clínica à pesquisa teórica. Apresentam-se diversos modos de estrutura dos vínculos, frente às mudanças geográficas, de espaço, tempo e cultura. Algumas famílias dão sustentação a esses processos, colaborando na conformação da identidade intercultural de seus membros, enquanto outras ficam a meio caminho, nesse processo. Assinalam-se os diferentes níveis de modificação ou impossibilidades de transformação na estrutura familiar inconsciente de cada grupo familiar. Três dimensões da estruturação psíquica são levadas em conta, no presente texto, que incluem a conformação intrapsíquica, a intersubjetiva ou vincular e a transubjetiva ou sociocultural. Estabelece-se um link entre a teoria e a prática clínica, para chegar às conclusões sobre o perfil subjetivo do sujeito contemporâneo. A constituição subjetiva do sujeito contemporâneo pressupõe uma adaptabilidade e maleabilidade na oscilação entre diversos universos, a possibilidade de utilização do novo como forma de modificação interna e o uso dos recursos que assegurem uma certa estabilidade vincular e interna, para construir a identidade intercultural / Contemporary world structures people that tend to submerge in virtual space, are intercommunicated and have the means to travel to distant countries in a vertiginous way. Expatriates are a sample that draw the subjective profile of people of the twenty-first century. Based on psycoanalytical work with families of expatriates, this research aims at deepening the concept of interculturalism. These contemporary people are constituted by a tangle of interwoven cultures which leave psychic traces, that will determine the structure of an intercultural identity. Family ties in its different formats are the basis and support in this process. We interview expatriates families in \"therapeutic encounters in bond situation,\" in which the therapist provides interpretations and indications concerning the insertion process in foreign cultures. The theory that supports this clinical and theoretical work is psychoanalysis of link configurations. Several authors are quoted which provide knowledge about the modern world, starting with psychoanalysis and considering other sciences, such as sociology and anthropology. In this thesis we present six expatriation cases: five families with children and a couple, to provide clinical support to theoretical research. The cases present several ways of bond structure, so as to face geographic moves, space, time and culture modifications. Some families give support to these processes, and are active at shaping an intercultural identity of its members, while others stay halfway in the process. We discuss different levels of change of the unconscious structure of each family group. We take into consideration three dimensions of psychic structure: intrapsychic conformation, the inter-subjective or link space and the transubjective or sociocultural mode. This thesis establishes a link between theory and clinical practice, reaching conclusions about the subjective profile of contemporary people. The subjective constitution of the contemporary being requires adaptability and flexibility while oscillating between different universes, the possibility of using what\'s new as a form of internal modification and the use of resources to ensure a certain stability and internal linking, in order to build intercultural identity

Diese Dissertation umfasst drei Papiere, die sich mit den Konsequenzen von verpflichtend aufzustellender finanzieller Berichterstattung befassen. Die erste Studie beschäftigt sich mit einer Gesetzesänderung, die Investoren betrifft, deren Stimmrechtsanteile offenzulegen sind. Sie untersucht, welche Investoren ihre Unternehmensanteile anpassen, nachdem die Gesetzesänderung, die in einer Herabsetzung des Eingangsschwellenwerts für Stimmrechtsmitteilungen resultiert, in Kraft tritt. Die Ergebnisse sind konsistent mit einer Umschichtung in der Eigentümerstruktur von Unternehmen. Sie zeigen, dass Investmentfonds und, in etwas geringerem Maße, Banken ihre Anteile reduzieren während nichtfinanzielle Unternehmen ihre Anteile erhöhen. Die zweite Studie befasst sich mit der Rolle von Offenlegungsinstrumenten für Portfolioentscheidungen von einem speziellen Investorentyp, Investmentfonds. Sie analysiert, ob die Vergleichbarkeit von Rechnungslegungsinformationen mit der Zugehörigkeit zu Portfolios von Investmentfonds assoziiert ist. Die Ergebnisse stehen im Einklang mit der Bedeutung von Vergleichbarkeit in der Rechnungslegung für die Selektion von Portfoliounternehmen. Investmentfonds nehmen Unternehmen mit einer größeren Wahrscheinlichkeit in ihr Portfolio auf, wenn die Rechnungslegungsinstrumente dieser Unternehmen eine höhere Vergleichbarkeit mit den Rechnungslegungsinstrumenten anderer Portfoliounternehmen aufweisen. Die dritte Studie legt die Aufmerksamkeit auf Fachkräfte in der Rechnungslegung, die die Erstellung von Offenlegungsinstrumenten unterstützen, Wirtschaftsprüfer und Berater. Sie betrachtet Determinanten ihrer Entscheidung, temporär innerhalb der Unternehmensstrukturen zu migrieren, mit Bezug auf länder- und berufsspezifische Charakteristika. Die Ergebnisse deuten an, dass Unterschiede in der Rechnungslegungs- und Steuerregulierung Migrationsentscheidungen beeinflussen können. / This dissertation comprises three papers on the consequences of mandatory, financial disclosures. The first study focuses on a rule change which applies to investors who are required to disclose their ownership in firms. It investigates which investor types adjust their holdings in response to this rule change, the introduction of lower reporting thresholds. Results are consistent with a reshuffling of the ownership structure of firms. Precisely, they show that mutual funds and, to a lesser extent, banks decrease their holdings while non-financial corporations increase their holdings. The second study concentrates on the role of disclosures in portfolio decisions of one particular investor type, mutual funds. It analyzes whether comparability of firms’ accounting disclosures is associated with their membership in mutual funds’ portfolios. Results are in line with accounting comparability mattering for portfolio selection. Specifically, mutual funds are more likely to include a firm in their portfolio if the firm is more comparable, in accounting terms, to existing portfolio peers. The third study shifts the attention to accounting professionals who assist in the preparation of financial disclosures, auditors and consultants. It studies country-level as well as occupation-specific determinants of the decision to temporarily migrate within firms. Results suggest that differences in accounting and tax rules across countries can affect migration decisions of these professionals.

No description available.

Abstract This thesis investigated the national culture of the construction labourers in a migrant country and empirically found the impact of cultural behavior on the performance of construction projects and labourers while practicing the decent work indicators. The study culminates by helping to form a migration policy by both the sending and the receiving countries of migrants that would economically and socially benefit both the migrant labourer and his family at the individual level. This thesis therefore helps by adding to the theoretical knowledge and also in the successful completion of projects and successful temporary migration. The research involved multi-research methods, starting with the narratives of the construction labourers. The research methodology was further augmented through a case study approach with the participant observation method. The data were coded according to grounded theory into national cultural dimensions. Re-confirmation and cross-checking interviews were also conducted to confirm the correctness of the coding. The qualitative data collected were quantified to give meaning to the data collection through triangulation in data analysis. After introducing national cultures in the construction projects of the UAE, the national culture of the construction labourers within Geert Hofstede’s framework was identified, while observing the decent work practices indicators. This was achieved through narratives, observations and semi-structured interviews. The thesis investigates decent work practices indicators specific to the culture of migrant construction labourers from Indian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi and Chinese labourers in the UAE. The thesis reveals that the national culture of the migrant construction labourers in the UAE is not the same as that identified by Hofstede some four decades ago. Indian construction labourers revealed high Uncertainty Avoidance Index (UAI), Pakistani labourers showed high Masculinity (MAS), Bangladeshi labourers revealed low Long Term Orientation (LTO) and Individualism (IND) and Chinese construction labourers showed high IND and LTO. The study suggests that the management of cultural differences could help the successful completion of projects, which could be beneficial for both the migrant sending country and the host country and also for the individual migrant and his family. The study further investigated the difference in decent work practices in the UAE and the national culture (as seen in cultural behavior) of the migrant construction labourers in the UAE. Studying this difference in practice and learning about the cultural behavior of the construction labourers has economic and social implications for construction labourers, migrant receiving and sending countries. / Tiivistelmä Tässä väitöskirjassa tutkittiin toiseen maahan muuttaneiden rakennustyöntekijöiden kansallista kulttuuria ja todettiin empiirisiä tutkimusmenetelmiä käyttäen, kuinka kulttuurinen käyttäytyminen vaikuttaa rakennushankkeiden toteuttamiseen ja työntekijöiden työsuoritukseen, kun sovelletaan ihmisarvoisen työn indikaattoreita. Maahanmuuttajien lähtö- ja tulomaa voivat käyttää tämän tutkimuksen tuloksia apuna laatiessaan maahanmuuttopolitiikkaa, joka hyödyttäisi taloudellisesti ja yhteiskunnallisesti siirtotyöläistä ja tämän perhettä. Tämä väitöskirja auttaa toisin sanoen lisäämään teoreettista tietämystä ja sujuvaa tilapäistä maahanmuuttoa sekä saattamaan hankkeet onnistuneesti päätökseen. Tutkimuksessa käytettiin useita eri tutkimusmenetelmiä, ja lähtökohtana olivat rakennustyöntekijöiden omat kertomukset. Tutkimusmetodologiaa täydennettiin lisäksi tapaustutkimuksella käyttäen osallistuvan havainnoinnin menetelmää. Tutkimustiedot koodattiin käyttäen grounded theory -lähestymistavan mukaisia kansallisten kulttuurien ulottuvuuksia. Haastatteluille tehtiin lisäksi ristiintarkistus ja ne vahvistettiin uudelleen, jotta voitiin varmistua koodauksen paikkansapitävyydestä. Kerätty kvalitatiivinen aineisto ilmaistiin määrällisenä, jotta kerättyjä tietoja voitiin analysoida triangulaation avulla. Tutkimuksessa esiteltiin aluksi, miten kansalliset kulttuurit liittyvät Yhdistyneiden arabiemiirikuntien rakennushankkeisiin, minkä jälkeen määritettiin rakennustyöntekijöiden kansallinen kulttuuri käyttäen Geert Hofsteden teoriaa ja noudattaen ihmisarvoisen työn käytäntöjä koskevia indikaattoreita. Apuna käytettiin kertomuksia, havaintoja ja puolistrukturoituja haastatteluja. Väitöskirjassa tutkittiin rakennustyöntekijöitä, jotka olivat muuttaneet Yhdistyneisiin arabiemiirikuntiin Intiasta, Pakistanista, Bangladeshista ja Kiinasta. Tutkimuksessa todettiin, että ihmisarvoisen työn käytäntöjä koskevat indikaattorit ovat kytköksissä työntekijöiden omaan kulttuuriin. Väitöskirja paljastaa lisäksi, että Yhdistyneisiin arabiemiirikuntiin muuttaneiden rakennustyöntekijöiden kansallinen kulttuuri ei vastaa Hofsteden neljä vuosikymmentä sitten määrittämää kansallista kulttuuria. Intialaisilla rakennustyöntekijöillä havaittiin voimakasta epävarmuuden välttämistä, pakistanilaisilla työntekijöillä voimakasta maskuliinisuutta, bangladeshilaisilla työntekijöillä vähäistä pitkän tähtäimen orientaatiota ja individualismia ja kiinalaisilla rakennustyöntekijöillä puolestaan havaittiin voimakasta individualismia ja pitkän tähtäimen orientaatiota. Tutkimus osoittaa, että kulttuurieroja hallitsemalla voitaisiin edesauttaa hankkeiden viemistä onnistuneesti päätökseen, mikä puolestaan hyödyttäisi maahanmuuttajien lähtömaata ja isäntämaata sekä itse maahanmuuttajia ja heidän perheitään. Tutkimuksessa tutkittiin lisäksi, miten ihmisarvoisen työn käytännöt eroavat Yhdistyneissä arabiemiirikunnissa ja maahan muuttaneiden rakennustyöntekijöiden kansallisessa kulttuurissa (mikä puolestaan ilmenee kulttuurisessa käyttäytymisessä). Tämän eroavaisuuden ja rakennustyöntekijöiden kulttuurisen käyttäytymisen tutkimisella on taloudellisia ja yhteiskunnallisia vaikutuksia rakennustyöntekijöihin sekä maahanmuuttajien lähtö- ja tulomaihin.

Au Canada, le nombre de travailleurs étrangers temporaires est en forte hausse et ce, depuis 2003. Les travailleurs étrangers temporaires ne disposent ni de la citoyenneté politique, ni de la résidence permanente; leur mobilité professionnelle est restreinte et leur durée de séjour est limitée et prédéterminée. Sur le plan formel, ces travailleurs bénéficient des protections prévues par le droit du travail nonobstant leur statut migratoire. Toutefois, plusieurs travaux ont démontré que les travailleurs étrangers temporaires occupant des emplois qui requièrent un niveau réduit de formation sont généralement moins enclins à dénoncer la violation de leurs droits au travail. Le droit du travail constitue-t-il un rempart utile pour ces travailleurs? À l’aide d’une méthodologie mixte impliquant notamment une enquête de terrain auprès des acteurs-clé, la présente thèse poursuit deux objectifs distincts. Sur le plan empirique, elle permet de mettre en lumière l’incidence du système d’emploi singulier dans lequel s’insèrent les travailleurs étrangers temporaires sur leur usage des ressources proposées par le droit du travail. Le recours à ces ressources n’est pas contingent et prédéterminé; il est inextricablement lié aux opportunités et aux contraintes avec lesquelles ces travailleurs composent. Cette recherche révèle également que les stratégies échafaudées par différents acteurs qui ne sont pas, sur le plan juridique, des parties au rapport salarial, ont une incidence significative sur l’usage du droit par ses destinataires ; leur impact dépend largement du pouvoir dont ces acteurs disposent dans le système d’emploi. Sur le plan théorique, cette thèse s’inscrit dans le champ plus large des études portant sur l’effectivité du droit; elle propose de distinguer entre l’étude des effets du droit et l’analyse de son usage. Elle présente, à cette fin, un cadre analytique permettant de saisir le rapport qu’entretiennent les destinataires avec le droit. / In Canada, the number of temporary foreign workers has been steadily increasing since 2003. Temporary foreign workers have neither political citizenship nor permanent residency; their professional mobility is restricted and their length of stay limited and predetermined. Formally, these workers can benefit from the protection of labour law despite their migratory status. Many studies have however shown that “low-skilled” temporary foreign workers are generally less likely to report the violation of their labour rights. Does labour law constitute a useful buttress for these workers? Using a mixed methodology involving a field study with key actors, this study pursues two objectives. On the empirical level, it allows to shed light on the impact of the singular employment system of these workers on their mobilization of labour law’s protections. Such mobilization is neither contingent nor predetermined; it depends on the constraints and on the opportunities arising from the employment system. Our research also reveals that strategies elaborated by actors who are not, from a legal perspective, parties to the employment relationship, also have a significant impact on the way these workers take advantage of labour law's ressources ; such impact largely depends on the power these actors have in the employment system. On the theoretical level, this study is situated in the broader field of studies concerning the effectiveness of law. It purports to distinguish between the study of the effects of the law and the analysis of its use. It elaborates an analytical framework addressing the relationship between the law and its recipients.

No description available.