Scouting is a lifestyle. Scouts are mates, friends and the community of people who share similar values. Growing up in a scout section is to seize the chance to live fully, to be active and find their own place in the world. Scouting is an offered opportunity for developping not only themselves but also their surroundings. Scouts try to create a better world by taking their lives into their own hands. Scouting works universally on the personality development of children and young people, through games, experiences, activities and other work. The aim of this work is to explore the issues shaping the social climate in scout sections in relation to the leadership style of the group. The theoretical part provides general information about scouting, pedagogical - psychological aspects of social groups, group leadership styles, influences on the formation of the social climate in the group with regard to the specificity of the scout groups. The empirical part shows leadership styles group care centers in a scout camp in the center cup and what their relationship to the social climate of the scout groups and raids is.

Compreender o comportamento emergente nos territórios urbanos é fundamental para estudar e direcionar com maior eficiência as políticas públicas. Considerando que as emergências urbanas são elementos presentes no cotidiano das cidades não é possível ao Estado não levá-las em conta ao formular suas ações púbicas. Tomando como premissa que a sociedade é um corpo vivo, onde cada órgão cumpre uma função, busca-se o caminho para instrumentalizar ações políticas adequadas às emergências urbanas. Assim, o objetivo do estudo é refletir sobre o comportamento emergente a partir do estudo de caso da Regional CIC, levando em conta os aspectos do planejamento político e aqueles relativos à auto-organização dos espaços e territórios. O estudo, em seus métodos de pesquisa, é exploratóriodescritivo, com delineamento analítico e configurando-se como estudo de caso. A análise realizada é qualitativa, buscando a relação do caso concreto descrito com a literatura estudada e o universo de pesquisa corresponde à cidade de Curitiba, tendo como amostragem direta a Regional CIC. Por meio do estudo literário levantou-se que o comportamento emergente nos espaços urbanos é uma constante, especialmente em cidades ou territórios em constante desenvolvimento como é o caso da cidade de Curitiba – PR. Os sistemas emergentes são resultado de processos que envolvem ordem e desordem e auto-organização, tendo os sistemas de redes como elemento para sua constituição. As emergências urbanas, seguindo os conceitos emergentistas, não podem ser previstas ou planejadas, surgem a partir de um processo auto-organizado, de baixo para cima, onde níveis inferiores produzem novas propriedades com características complexas. Ao analisar a criação da Regional CIC percebe-se que diversos elementos emergentes estão presentes, tendo destaque os seguintes: Criação da Cidade industrial de Curitiba, regionalização e territorialização, desterritorialização (desmembramento do bairro), redes setoriais planejadas ou não e interorganizacionais e ênfase aos aspectos humanos e éticos. Percebe-se que as políticas públicas analisadas têm elementos emergentes, pois são descentralizas, trabalham em sistema de redes, trocam informações constantes com a comunidade e procuram influenciar, sem controlar, os territórios em desenvolvimento. Pode-se concluir que as políticas públicas não devem buscar o controle dos movimentos urbanos e dos processos emergentes, mas incentivar a criatividade e a capacidade de auto-organização dos grupos sociais, sendo ela mesma, um dos componentes dos sistemas urbanos emergentes. / Understanding the emergent behavior in urban areas is essential to study more efficiently and drive public policy. Whereas the urban emergencies are elements present in the daily life of cities is not possible for the state not take them into account when formulating their actions pubic area. Taking as its premise that society is a living body, where each agency fulfills a function, we seek to equip the way for appropriate policy actions to urban emergencies. The objective of this study is to reflect on the emergent behavior from the case study of the Regional CIC, taking into account aspects of planning policy and those related to self-organization of spaces and territories. The study, in its methods of research is exploratory and descriptive, analytical and design configured as a case study. The analysis is qualitative, seeking the relationship of the case described in the literature studied and the universe of research is the city of Curitiba, with the direct sampling the Regional CIC. Through the literary study arose that the emergent behavior in urban areas is a constant, especially in cities or territories in constant development as is the case of Curitiba - PR. The emerging systems are the result of processes that involve order and disorder and self-organization, and network systems as an element in its constitution. The urban emergencies, following the emergentist concepts, can not be predicted or planned, arise from a self-organizing process, from the bottom up, which produce lower levels of new properties with complex traits. By analyzing the creation of the Regional CIC realizes that many emerging elements are present, and highlighted the following: Creation of the Industrial City of Curitiba, regionalization and territorialization, deterritorialization (dismemberment of the neighborhood), sectoral networks planned or unplanned, and interorganizational and emphasis to human and ethical aspects. It is felt that public policies have analyzed emerging elements because they are descentralizas, working in the system of networks, exchange information in the community and seek to influence, not control, the territories in development. It can be concluded that public policy should not seek control of urban movements and emerging processes, but encourage creativity and self-organization of social groups, being herself, one of the components of urban systems emerging.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-13T17:10:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JeysonFSL_DISSERT.pdf: 2514420 bytes, checksum: 68fa4f57aa7f379f4a411fe98456a643 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-18 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / The city, with all its complexity, is marked by the different uses that emerge and give the current composition of its forms, functions, processes and structures (SANTOS, 2008). These uses are responsible for defining the territoriality that engender public squares, especially from the projection of the practices of sociability and pleasure experienced by social groups and urban households, giving rise to the emergence of agreements and conflicts, especially when the public sphere and negotiates a private residence in the same territory. Thus, from analyzes performed in the public squares of the city of Caico / RN in the current context, did a survey of territorialities undertaken by these groups and social aggregates. These squares were seized territories while public use, but marked by the presence of private, becoming as important elements of the urban space caicoense / A cidade, com toda a sua complexidade, ? marcada pelos diferentes usos que se esbo?am e que d?o a composi??o atual de suas formas, fun??es, processos e estruturas (SANTOS, 2008). Estes usos s?o respons?veis por definir as territorialidades que se engendram nas pra?as p?blicas, sobretudo a partir da proje??o das pr?ticas de sociabilidade e de lazer vivenciadas pelos grupos e agregados sociais urbanos, dando margem ao surgimento de acordos e conflitos, especialmente, quando a esfera p?blica e a privada negocia a perman?ncia no mesmo territ?rio. Assim, a partir de an?lises realizadas nas pra?as p?blicas da cidade de Caic?/RN no contexto atual, fizemos um exame das territorialidades empreendidas por estes grupos e agregados sociais. Tais pra?as foram apreendidas enquanto territ?rios de uso p?blico, por?m marcados pela presen?a privada, configurando-se enquanto importantes elementos constituintes do espa?o urbano caicoense

The identities are forged dynamically in daily life amid the socio-psychological and political conditions. In this work, we adopt the theoretical perspective of social psychology, which considers social identity as a part of self-enunciation related to the perception of belonging to social groups, along with emotional meanings associated with that membership. This paper examines the dynamics of content creation and identity among resident students of UFS University through two studies: the first following a script mixed with questionnaire and interview, and the second through meetings in the form of focus groups. The study I aimed at investigating how university residents processed their identity constructions and specifically to verify the identity dimension which would be more evident - the individual or collective - what is the importance of (being a resident) for said building identity; the level of satisfaction associated with social belonging; which representations residents have of their social belonging and, finally, what meta-stereotypes in relation to group membership are apprehended by residents in the university context. The results indicated the large capacity of the participants in constructing self-concept meanings for themselves on the individual dimension, rather than consideration of possible dimensions of collective identities. Little emphasis was also noticed on self formulations of survey participants regarding the identity category "resident / university resident", and this, plus low prevalence, is also little protruding between them. Moreover, for those who associate their identities to the recognition of social belonging, the level of satisfaction regarding their identities is ambivalent. We also verified that there is among the surveyed a representational framework regarding the social belonging that does not favor the production of identity linked to the group of resident students; this frame also includes the seizure of meta-stereotypes toward the group produced in the university context. The study II aimed to verify whether, in contexts where possibly belonging to the social group of university residents structures political positions, participants turn to the social belonging "university resident" with a higher prevalence in the promotion and projection of their statements. The results indicated that, in specific situations, university residents now use the social category to which they belong in their identity constructions with the goal of legitimizing the demands and garner resources (material and symbolic) for the group. The recognition of social contexts in which the identity dynamics are processed, the perception of stereotypes and discrimination that arise from the establishment of an undervalued social identity causes individuals not to edit their identity belongings, whereas in times of struggles for better conditions for group membership, the affirmation of social identity is needed in legitimizing the claims related to the well being of the group. / As identidades se forjam dinamicamente no cotidiano dos indivíduos, em meio às condições sociopsicológicas e políticas. Neste trabalho, adotamos a perspectiva teórica da psicologia social, que considera a identidade social como uma parcela da autoenunciação de si relacionada à percepção de pertença aos grupos sociais, juntamente com significados emocionais associados a essa pertença. Este trabalho analisa as dinâmicas de constituição e conteúdos identitários entre estudantes residentes universitários da Universidade Federal de Sergipe por meio de dois estudos, o primeiro seguindo um roteiro misto de questionário com entrevista e o segundo através de encontros na modalidade de grupo focal. O estudo I teve por objetivo principal investigar como os residentes universitários processavam as suas construções identitárias e especificamente verificar qual a dimensão identitária seria mais evidenciada - a individual ou a coletiva - qual a importância do (ser residente) para as referidas construções identitárias; qual o nível de satisfação associado à pertença social; quais as representações que os residentes têm de sua pertença social e por fim, quais metaestereótipos em relação ao grupo de pertença são apreendidos pelos residentes no contexto universitário. Os resultados indicaram a grande capacidade dos participantes em significar para si um autoconceito ligado à dimensão individual, em detrimento da possível consideração da dimensão coletiva das identidades. Foi notado também, pouco destaque nas formulações de autoconceito dos participantes da pesquisa relacionado à categoria identitária residente/residente universitário , sendo que a mesma, além de pouco prevalente é também pouco saliente entre os mesmos. Além do mais, para aqueles que associam suas identidades ao reconhecimento do pertencimento social, o nível de satisfação em relação às suas identidades é ambivalente. Verificamos também que há entre os pesquisados um quadro representacional em relação à pertença social que não favorece a produção identitária vinculada ao grupo dos residentes universitários, esse quadro inclui ainda a apreensão dos metaestereótipos em relação ao grupo produzidos no contexto universitário. O estudo II teve por objetivo verificar se em contextos onde possivelmente o pertencimento social ao grupo dos residentes universitários estrutura posicionamentos políticos, os participantes recorreriam à pertença social residente universitário com maior prevalência no fomento de suas declarações. Os resultados indicaram que, em situações específicas, os residentes passam a usar a categoria social ao qual fazem parte nas suas construções identitárias com o objetivo de legitimar as demandas e angariar recursos (materiais e simbólicos) para o grupo. O reconhecimento dos contextos sociais, nos quais, as dinâmicas identitárias se processam, a percepção dos estereótipos e da discriminação que advêm do estabelecimento de uma identidade social pouco valorizada faz com que os indivíduos não editem suas pertenças identitárias, ao passo que nos momentos de disputas por melhores condições para o grupo de pertença, a afirmação da identidade social se faz necessária na legitimação das demandas relacionadas ao bem estar do grupo.

The film productions related to themes that set the present direct ways or more contained intolerance, were commonplace in the scenario of world cinema. So, the research analyzes the representations of intolerance and fascist practices through cultural production in the 21st century. For this paper were chosen Hooligans (Green Street Hooligans - 2005) by Lexis Alexander and This is England (2006) by Shane Meadows as empirical objects. Given this, awakens our attention the frequency of films produced, which possessed as urban tribes related to theme clearly marked by fascist postures, in addition to these groups being involved in violent acts against numerous minorities, including Jews, blacks, homosexuals and especially immigrants. Thereby, the research questions the possibility of cinema as a vehicle able to explain this increasingly urban phenomenon in large cities. / As produções cinematográficas ligadas a temas que, de formas diretas ou mais contidas, se propuseram a apresentar a intolerância, foram lugar - comum no cenário do cinema mundial. Nesse sentido, a presente pesquisa analisa as representações de intolerância e de práticas fascistas através da produção cultural - filmográfica pertencente ao século XXI. Para isso, foram escolhidas como objetos empíricos do trabalho as obras Hooligans (Green Street Hooligans - 2005), de Lexis Alexander, e This is England (2006), de Shane Meadows. Diante disso, desperta a nossa atenção a frequência de filmes produzidos que possuíram como temática tribos urbanas relacionadas a comportamentos nitidamente marcados por posturas fascistas, além do fato de esses grupos estarem envolvidos em atos violentos contra inúmeras minorias, dentre elas, judeus, negros, homossexuais e, especialmente, imigrantes. Desse modo, a pesquisa questiona a possibilidade do cinema como veículo capaz de explicar esse fenômeno urbano cada vez mais frequente nas grandes metrópoles.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T16:17:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Daiane aparecida.pdf: 7052117 bytes, checksum: 3020de88692f7193b3e01ffa647bef64 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-03-30 / This dissertation deals with the process of the city Santo Antônio de Goiás formation and it has as background the religious influence in the constitution of urban space and social groups. The theme refers to the early twentieth century when the first migrants settled on the edge streams that surround the region. Thereafter various changes occurred. In the 1940s, with the installation of the Department of Agriculture in the Capivara s farm, the town took off urban and commercially. And in 1982 that organ sold the property to EMBRAPA, which set up the national research center about rice and beans CNPAF nowadays EMBRAPA Rice and Beans. This accelerated the urbanization process of the district at that occasion. In 1990, when it was emancipated, several achievements happened. It also sought to reconstruct the daily lives of people and therefore it identified the group s characteristics that were being formed. In this sense, it was observed that the religious traditions, which are translated mainly at Catholic parties, that permeate group s identity, do not only preserve the religious values of this community, but they renew and maintain Catholic hierocracy. In addition to that, they consolidate the city and the religious territory. / A presente dissertação trata do processo de formação da cidade de Santo Antônio de Goiás e tem como pano de fundo a influência da religiosidade na constituição do espaço urbano e dos grupos sociais. O tema reporta-se ao início do século XX quando os primeiros migrantes se instalaram à beira dos córregos que circundam a região. A partir de então ocorreram diversas transformações. Na década de 1940, com a instalação do Ministério da Agricultura na fazenda Capivara a vila tomou impulso urbano e comercial. E em 1982 esse órgão vendeu essa propriedade a EMBRAPA, que instalou o centro nacional de pesquisa arroz e feijão CNPAF, atualmente EMBRAPA - Arroz e Feijão. Esta acelerou o processo de urbanização do então distrito. Em 1990, quando este foi emancipado, operaram-se diversas conquistas. Buscou-se também reconstituir o cotidiano das pessoas e, consequentemente, identificou-se as características dos grupos que se formavam. Nesse sentido, observou-se que as tradições religiosas, traduzidas principalmente nas festas católicas, as quais permeiam a identidade do grupo, não só preservam os valores religiosos dessa comunidade, mas renovam e Mantém a hierocracia católica. Além de consolidarem a cidade e o território religioso.

Doctorat en sciences psychologiques / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

This study examined the relationship of group cohesion among heterogeneous and homogeneous groups on individual treatment outcome of child-parent relationship therapy (CPRT). CPRT is a filial therapy model that targets the parent-child relationship as a means for preventing or improving child and/or family problems. This study included 30 parents or caregivers from 9 groups which met for 10 sessions. Participants qualified for this study if their groups ended with at least 3 group members and 2 leaders, all pretest and posttest data on their child between the ages of 2-11 was completed, and if they attended at least 6 of the 10 sessions. Correlation coefficients, t-tests, and effect sizes were calculated. Results demonstrated no statistically significant differences between pretests and posttests on the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) for all 30 participants; however, differences in measured effect (η2) between children identified with borderline and clinical behavior problems and children with normal behavior problems suggest that CPRT is more effective among children who demonstrate significant behavior problems. Perceived and observed group cohesion measurements demonstrated no significant difference at the individual outcome level. This finding suggests that group cohesion may not be related to individual outcome. Although there was no significant relationship between group cohesion and individual outcome for this study, results of the group measurements regarding engagement and group cohesiveness, coupled with previous studies on CPRT effectiveness, suggest that CPRT should be utilized in homogeneous groups.

Rural Ethiopia rolled-out a program for the establishment of farmers’ collective action groups known as ‘Farmers’ Development Groups’ (FDGs), in 2007, based on presumed common interest of smallholder farmers. Although the government trusts that FDGs fetch fast and widescale agricultural transformation as part of the participatory agricultural extension system, systematic study and evidence on what motivates smallholder farmers to act collectively, the group dynamics, long term impact and transformative potential of the agricultural extension groups is scarce. Using the expectancy-value theory in social-psychology, this study explores what drives smallholders to act collectively; their participation level and benefits in groups, particularly for women and the youth; and the extent to which farmers’ groups attain intended agricultural transformation goals of productivity and commercialization. The study collected a mix of qualitative and quantitative data in 2016, through 46 key informant interviews; 8 focus group discussions with farmers, and a survey of randomly selected 120 smallholder farmers (30 percent women) in four sample woredas (districts) of Ethiopia. The findings of the study are drawn through a content analysis, and descriptive and correlation analysis of the qualitative and quantitative data, respectively. The study findings show that social identity, and not ‘common interest’ motivates smallholder farmers to join and participate in FDGs. The study provides evidence that participation in FDGs enhances smallholder farmers’ adoption and use of agricultural technologies, where 96 and 84 percent of the farmers who received extension messages in the group on crop and livestock production, respectively, applied the message. Consequently, by 2015 more than 85 percent of the survey respondent farmers reported above 10 percent increase in crop and livestock productivity. Nevertheless, the nature of the incremental changes brought by the collective actions are not transformative, nor sustainable. Extension groups have limited contribution to commercialization of smallholders, where only 20 percent of the FDG members participate in output marketing. More so, FDGs avail limited collective opportunity for the landless youth, and married female farmers in a rural society where difference in power, status and privilege prevail. It also limits deviation of thought among the rural community. Limited access to inputs and technology; large family size; limited access to farm land; over dependence of the extension system on ‘model’ farmers and public extension agents, and poorly designed sustainability features bound the transformative potential of FDGs. The study forwards a set of five recommendations to unleash the potential of FDGs: reconsider the group design to be identity congruent; ensure inclusiveness for young and female farmers; empower and motivate voluntary group leaders; encourage collective marketing and; invest in sustainability features of the group. / Development Studies / Ph. D. (Development Studies)

The values of the disability rights movement and community psychology promote research that focuses on improving the lives of individuals with disabilities (Dowrick & Keys, 2001). Using the Internet for social interactions has been shown to contribute to an individual's identity development, sense of community, and well-being (Obst, Zinkiewicz, & Smith, 2002a; Turkle, 1995). While challenges in typical social interactions have traditionally been considered a defining feature of autism spectrum disorder, autistic individuals have taken advantage of the Internet to develop social interactions (Blume, 1997a). The present study focused on the online Autistic community and how the importance and value of involvement in it is related to Autistic identity, sense of community, and psychological well-being. The Academic Autistic Spectrum Partnership in Research and Education (AASPIRE) partnered with the Gernsbacher Lab to form the Gateway Project. Using the Gateway Project, AASPIRE conducted the Internet Use, Community, and Well-Being Study and collected data from 72 autistic adults online. It was hypothesized that the importance and value of involvement in the online Autistic community would be positively related to Autistic identity and sense of community, Autistic identity and sense of community would be positively related, and Autistic identity and sense of community would be positively related to psychological well-being. It was also hypothesized that the positive relationship between the importance and value of involvement in the online Autistic community and psychological well-being would be mediated by Autistic identity and sense of community. Correlations were examined among the hypothesized relationships, and a mediated regression model (Baron & Kenny, 1986) was used to explore the relationship between the importance and value of involvement in the online Autistic community and psychological well-being with Autistic identity and sense of community as mediators. Significant relationships were found between the importance and value of involvement in the online Autistic community and Autistic identity, between the importance and value of involvement in the online Autistic community and sense of community, and between autistic identity and sense of community. As a first step to test the mediated regression models, psychological well-being was regressed on the importance and value of involvement in the online Autistic community. The regression was not significant; therefore the hypothesized model was not significant. Despite non-significant mediated regression model results, significant relationships among the importance and value of involvement in the online Autistic community and Autistic identity and sense of community offer important results. These finding illuminate the potential positive impact of the importance and value of involvement in the online Autistic community, including evidence counter to the myth that autistic individuals lack skills necessary for social relationships. These findings support the positive utility of involvement in the online Autistic community for autistic adults. Further research with a larger sample size is recommended, due to low power coefficients in the analyses. Additional research may also further illuminate the findings of the current study. Possible topics may include sense of community and Autistic identity in individuals that do not use the Internet, differences in the way the Internet is used in autistic individuals, and different measures of involvement in the online Autistic community and well-being.