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The Khmer Rouge Tribunal : Searching for Justice and Truth in CambodiaPersson, Fredrik January 2009 (has links)
<p>The aim of this thesis is to analyze the relationship between the Khmer Rouge tribunal in Cambodia and the national reconciliation process. A qualitative method involving secondary source analysis as well as field study interviews is being used. The point of departure is a theoretical framework of reconciliation assembled from different sources, as there seems to be no coherent and widely accepted framework available for use. An analysis model is constructed, focusing on the concepts of justice and truth. The findings indicate that reconciliation is nowhere near fulfillment, although a few steps towards national reconciliation have been taken. The Cambodian process of reconciliation is only at its earliest stages. Furthermore, the findings suggest that there is a strong relationship between the tribunal and the reconciliation process, inasmuch as the tribunal is perceived to have positive effects on reconciliation, and that continued reconciliation would not be possible without the tribunal. The tribunal is not the only part in reconciliation though, it is a necessary but not sufficient precondition for continued reconciliation. The tribunal can not bring reconciliation close to fulfillment on its own, other mechanizms must be involved in order to do so.</p>
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What does one drop of oil really cost? : A study of climate change, social movements and global politics with a didactic perspectiveDübeck, Helena January 2010 (has links)
<p>This essay aims to research the climate change issue and the relationship social movements, scientist and policymakers have to climate change. Furthermore, this essay has a didactic perspective and aim to illuminate how the climate change issue can be used within the school subject social studies. The policy decided upon by the world leaders during the climate summit in Copenhagen, Cop15, will stand further from the scientific view of climate change in relation to sustainable development than what the social movements’ demands are. To find the relationship a case study have been made, where an observation at the alternative forum Klimaforum09 was made to establish what relationship social movements have with policymakers and scientists. A close reading of the IPCC <em>Synthesis Report (AR4)</em> was made to see the scientific view on climate change and the relationship to policymakers and social movements. The relationship policymakers have with science and social movements have not been researched, since the Cop15 did not result in a global deal. Despite that there was no deal the thesis have been investigated, and the result is that social movements have a close, but critical relationship towards both world leaders and politicians, and to the scientific view of climate change. It is also suggested that science have a relationship to social movements. The thesis cannot be refuted or confirmed.</p>
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Les alliances traditionnelles et modernes négro-africaines et la vie nouvelle en Jésus-Christ. Perspectives africaines pour une théologie morale de l'alliance.Kenkfuni Oblipe, Albert 14 May 2003 (has links)
Toute alliance donne à penser que les êtres humains sont capables de se lier par un engagement réciproque. Ce faisant, ils sont appelés à témoigner d'une solidarité vouée à se déployer dans le temps de l'alliance.
Le chrétien négro-africain est appelé à assumer ses engagements dans ses alliances traditionnelles et modernes aussi bien que dans l'Alliance christique. De là, la nécessité d'une réflexion éthique susceptible d'articuler ces alliances et d'éclairer le Négro-africain. Une réflexion éthico-théologique peut contribuer à relever ce défi en Afrique noire subsaharienne. Ce problème n'a pas échappé aux préoccupations théologiques dans cette partie du continent. Quelques monographies théologiques en témoignent. Mais ces études, à notre connaissance, se sont cantonnées aux alliances ancestrales. Or, il importe de prendre en compte aussi les alliances modernes dans lesquelles est engagé le chrétien négro-africain.
Pour interpeller ce dernier et éclairer sa conscience afin qu'il assume sa vie en alliance, nous procédons au discernement de ses alliances humaines à la lumière de la théologie morale de l'Alliance. A cette fin, notre recherche s'articule sur la triple démarche herméneutique d'une théologie contextuelle. La première partie qui analyse le contexte de l'étude, esquisse les alliances négro-africaines. Le premier chapitre porte sur les alliances socio-culturelles traditionnelles : les alliances matrimoniales, les alliances amicales et les alliances anthropocosmiques. Au second chapitre, il est question des alliances modernes tant politico-économiques qu'humanitaires. Dans la deuxième partie qui décontextualise la question de l'étude, nous analysons l'Alliance biblique et ses enjeux éthiques respectivement dans le Premier Testament au chapitre premier et le Nouveau Testament au second chapitre. Notre approche éthico-théologique s'appuie surtout sur J. L'Hour, A. Wénin dans le cadre vétérotestamentaire et sur H. Wattiaux et P. Beauchamp dans la perspective néotestamentaire. La troisième partie qui recontextualise l'étude entend placer les alliances négro-africaines dans la lumière de la morale biblique de l'Alliance. Le chapitre premier est consacré à l'évaluation théologique des alliances ancestrales à partir des études théologiques déjà réalisées dans la perspective négro-africaine. Le dernier chapitre commence par la lecture éthico-théologique des alliances modernes et se termine par une description du profil éthique du partenaire négro-africain du Dieu de Jésus-Christ.
En entrant dans l'Alliance résultant de l'initiative d'amour de Dieu pour l'humanité, le Négro-africain effectue et met au jour ce qu'il est et est appelé à devenir : un être qui n'est pas libre d'aimer ou de ne pas aimer, mais un être libre pour aimer. Le projet d'agapè de l'Alliance met les projets de solidarité des alliances dans une perspective telle que le service de la dignité humaine devient la pierre de touche de l'humanisation. Si la quête de l'humanisation est l'horizon de l'agir humain, l'identité et la spécificité de l'allié du Dieu de Jésus-Christ consiste à aimer, grâce à l'agapè de l'Alliance baptismale, à la manière de Jésus-Christ. En effet la manière d'être et d'aimer de celui-ci marque de son empreinte le chemin de l'humanisation : se servir de ses capacités pour humaniser l'homme et la société. L'éthique de l'Alliance aide le Négro-africain à prendre conscience de la limite et des faiblesses de son humanité. Ainsi l'amène-t-elle à apprécier et à vivre autrement les valeurs de solidarité, à contribuer au renouvellement des alliances d'Afrique aussi bien qu'à la reconstruction d'une humanité authentique de paix, de justice, d'égalité, de fraternité…dans le respect de la dignité humaine. Aimer, c'est participer de la nature théandrique du Christ. C'est à ce prix que le chrétien négro-africain assume au cœur de ses alliances humaines l'intuition célèbre de saint Augustin : " Dilige et quod vis fac " (Aime et fais ce que tu veux ).
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CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY : Vilken information lämnas i årsredovisningen av svenska företag?Jonasson, Isabelle, Gustafsson, Mikaela January 2008 (has links)
ÄMNE Vilken information om Corporate Social Responsibility lämnas i årsredovisningen av svenska företag? Hur följer företagen riktlinjerna Global Reporting Initiative och UN Global Compact? Vilka motiv kan företagen ha för att lämna information om CSR i årsredovisningen? SYFTE Syftet är att rekapitulera studien ”Corporate Social Responsibility - vilken information lämnas i årsredovisningen av företagen på Stockholmsbörsens A-lista”, Göteborgs Universitet 2005, genom att kartlägga och jämföra CSR-redovisningen hos de företag från den dåvarande A- listan som idag är noterade på Stockholmsbörsen. Utifrån en utarbetad checklista skall undersökas vilken information som företag lämnar samt vilka skillnader som finns mellan företag och över tiden. GENOMFÖRANDE Undersökningen bygger på kvantitativ och kvalitativ innehållsanalys av årsredovisningar. Årsredovisningarna har analyserats efter en utarbetad checklista som bygger på indikatorer och principer från GRI och UN Global Compact. SLUTSATSER Studien visar att det råder stora skillnader mellan företag och den mängd CSR-information de publicerar i sin årsredovisning. Sedan 2004 har en svag ökning skett av mängden information som redovisas, denna ökning återfinns främst inom branschen industri. NYCKELORD Corporate Social Responsibility, Global Reporting Initiative, UN Global Compact, årsredovisning
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Folkrätt för barn som pedagogiskt åtagande : Statligt ansvar - regionalt lärande? / International Law on Children as an Educational Commitment : National obligation - regional learning?Englundh, Elizabeth January 2008 (has links)
This thesis focuses on the problem of learning processes in an organization that has decided to implement the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC). It is based on an assumption that there is interdependency between learning about the CRC and its implementation. The aim is to understand the conditions for individual learning and group learning in the organization. The empirical material consists of 52 interviews, notes and written material from the UN, the Swedish government, and regional levels. The research design is qualitative and the method used is abduction and retroduction. Sensitizing concepts have also been used. The regional context is a county council which has decided to implement the CRC by educating a "pilot-group", and whose task will be to integrate the CRC in the organization. The theoretical frame is mainly constructivistic; learning is an "inside-out" process. It is the individual who does the learning, but these individuals meet in the pilot-group and create knowledge based on their own experiences. The most significant results point out that learning about the CRC is a prerequisite for implementation. Once the individuals have learned about the CRC and how to understand and interpret its implicantions, they also know what has to be done in the administration in order to speed upp and secure implementation. Other important results show how the individuals act depending on to their position in the organization. The administration directors show passive resistence by not including the question on the agenda. The operations managers show active resistence by not taking the CRC into consideration in their contracts "because then you have to show what you have accomplished".
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What does one drop of oil really cost? : A study of climate change, social movements and global politics with a didactic perspectiveDübeck, Helena January 2010 (has links)
This essay aims to research the climate change issue and the relationship social movements, scientist and policymakers have to climate change. Furthermore, this essay has a didactic perspective and aim to illuminate how the climate change issue can be used within the school subject social studies. The policy decided upon by the world leaders during the climate summit in Copenhagen, Cop15, will stand further from the scientific view of climate change in relation to sustainable development than what the social movements’ demands are. To find the relationship a case study have been made, where an observation at the alternative forum Klimaforum09 was made to establish what relationship social movements have with policymakers and scientists. A close reading of the IPCC Synthesis Report (AR4) was made to see the scientific view on climate change and the relationship to policymakers and social movements. The relationship policymakers have with science and social movements have not been researched, since the Cop15 did not result in a global deal. Despite that there was no deal the thesis have been investigated, and the result is that social movements have a close, but critical relationship towards both world leaders and politicians, and to the scientific view of climate change. It is also suggested that science have a relationship to social movements. The thesis cannot be refuted or confirmed.
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CFC rules and double tax treaties : The OECD an UN model tax conventionsAndersson, Sara January 2006 (has links)
No description available.
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Beredskapsstress? / Quick reactions units stress?Gustafsson, Gunnar January 2011 (has links)
Stress är en växande folksjukdom i Sverige och en grupp som kan vara särskilt utsatta för kumulativ stress är soldater som ligger i beredskap. Vi har från våra förfäder ärvt en förmåga att vid fara reagera med en stressreaktion som en förberedelse för kamp eller flykt, också med en reaktion som gör att vi kan bli handlingsförlamade. Om dessa reaktioner upprepas gång på gång utan att kroppen får utlopp för den höjda energinivån ökar slitaget på kroppen. Stresshormoner samlas i kroppen och byggs på och kan under en längre tidsperiod leda till kumulativ stress. Om detta fortsätter kan det leda till ett utmattningssyndrom. Syftet med uppsatsen är att kartlägga hur soldater som ligger i beredskap upplever sin allmänna hälsa och den stress som de dagligen utsätts för. Studien genomfördes med en enkätundersökning på en pluton med 18 soldater i Nordic Battlegroup De slutsatser som är dragna från denna studie är följande: - Soldater som befinner sig i beredskap visar vissa tendenser till att vara utsatta för stress. I många fall visar det sig i form av frustration på kollegor, ledarskap och materielen. - Soldaterna skattar sitt allmänna hälsotillstånd som mycket gott. Detta har med stor sannolikhet att göra med det fysiska arbete som det innebär att vara soldat. Då fysisk träning är en regelbunden vana påverkas också den psykiska delen av individen som mår bättre i både kropp och själ. - Då samtliga soldater som ingick i studien upplevde att deras hälsa var god till mycket god så finns det inget som tyder på att den stress som soldater i beredskap är utsatta för skulle påverka dem negativt hälsomässigt. / Stress is a growing disease in the Swedish population and one group that might be particularlyexposed for operational stress is soldiers who are in a short reaction unit.We have inherited an ability from our ancestors that when in danger react whit a stress reaction asa preparation for fight or flee it can also be whit a reaction that makes us paralysed. If this reactionrepeatedly occurs in the body without the possibility for release of the increased energy the organsin the body might get worn. Stress hormones gathers in the body and builds up, and for a longerperiod of time it might lead to something called operational stress. If this continue, it might lead toa exhaustion syndrome. The purpose of this paper is to map out how soldiers in a quick reaction unit feels about his generalhealth and the stress they are daily exposed to.The study was performed with a questionnaire on a platoon whit 18 soldiers in the Nordic Battlegroup.The conclusions from this study are: - Soldiers in a quick reaction unit show some tendency to be exposed for stress. In many cases itshows in their frustration on colleagues, leadership and equipment. - Soldiers estimate their general health to be very good. - As the soldiers in the study estimated their general health as very good, there isn’t anything thatinsinuating that the stress that soldiers in a quick reaction units are exposed to would affect theirhealth.
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The role and effect of small arms in the recruitment of child soldiers in Africa: can the international law be strengthened?Anyikame, Hans Awuru January 2011 (has links)
<p>It is an unfortunate and cruel reality that both government and armed groups used child soldiers during armed conflict. Child soldiers have become an integral part of government forces as well as insurgent groups in Africa and elsewhere. Most of them are being exploited as combatants, while others perform functions, such as porters, spies who are able to enter small spaces, cooks, messengers, lookouts, and even suicide bombers. Some of the most disturbing aspects of child soldiering are that some of them are being forced to kill or are themselves killed, sexually abused and are exposed to drugs. The use of child soldiers in conflicts is not a recent phenomenon and has indeed become a common practice that characterises modern conflicts. Recruitment is usually carried out forcefully or voluntarily by both government and rebel forces. The difference between these two types of recruitment is not always clear since their decision to join is always influenced by external factors. Examples of such reasons for voluntary recruitment include the desire to revenge, adventure, peer pressure, and need for belonging and survival. Concerning the reason for survival, some argue that, the children do not actually choose freely to become combatants, but are rather forced by circumstances. There are numerous reasons for the continuous targeting of children by armed forces and armed groups. These include shortage of combatants, the fact that children are easy to train physically and psychologically, and also that children are obedient and are readily available. The recruited children are compelled to take part in brutal induction ceremonies, where they are threatened and forced to kill or witness the killing of someone they know.</p>
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Synthesis, characterization and optical properties of hybrid nanoparticles working with plasmon-fluorescence couplingSui, Ning 10 September 2012 (has links) (PDF)
L'exaltation de fluorescence par un métal est de plus en plus utilisée pour augmenter la sensibilité de détection dans les systèmes utilisant la fluorescence. Au cours de ce travail de thèse, nous avons étudié ce phénomène dans des nanoparticules hybrides Métal@SiO2 possédant des émetteurs de fluorescence immobilisés sur la silice. Dans un premier temps, nous avons élaboré les nanoparticules cœur-coquille Métal@SiO2 (Métal = Au ou Ag) en utilisant différentes méthodes et en les comparant pour choisir la plus adaptée selon le diamètre du cœur métallique. Dans un deuxième temps, nous avons étudié les propriétés de fluorescence exaltée des nanoparticules hybrides. Deux types d'émetteurs de fluorescence ont été sélectionnés : des nanoparticules semi-conductrices (SiC) et des fluorophores organiques (cyanine 3 et fluorescéine). Après fonctionnalisation de la silice, les émetteurs de fluorescence ont été greffés à la surface des nanoparticules Métal@SiO2. L'exaltation de leur fluorescence a été analysée en fonction de leur densité surfacique, de leur distance par rapport au cœur métallique (fixée par l'épaisseur de silice), du diamètre du cœur métallique et de la longueur d'onde d'excitation. Le facteur d'exaltation le plus important (de l'ordre de 103) a été obtenu avec une faible épaisseur de silice (10 nm) pour les nanoparticules de SiC dont le rendement quantique intrinsèque est très faible (inférieur à 1%). Enfin, la surface de nanoparticules hybrides a été fonctionnalisée avec des nanoparticules d'oxyde de fer de manière à obtenir une combinaison de propriétés optiques (fluorescentes et plasmoniques) et magnétiques à l'intérieur d'une même nanoparticule hybride.
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