Submitted by Andrea Hayashi (deachan@gmail.com) on 2016-06-22T18:33:39Z No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao-rosana-biondillo.pdf: 781686 bytes, checksum: 01ba1b8c79672ed37d4c137f821dd204 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Andrea Hayashi (deachan@gmail.com) on 2016-06-22T19:00:55Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao-rosana-biondillo.pdf: 781686 bytes, checksum: 01ba1b8c79672ed37d4c137f821dd204 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-22T19:00:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao-rosana-biondillo.pdf: 781686 bytes, checksum: 01ba1b8c79672ed37d4c137f821dd204 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-05-13 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Este trabalho tem como objeto de estudo o flâneur no pensamento de Walter Benjamin. Nos concentraremos especialmente no seu modelo de existência que atesta a crise da experiência na modernidade – modelo este caracterizado tanto pelo declínio da experiência tradicional (Erfahrung) como pelo surgimento da vivência do choque (Chockerlebnis). Em consequência dessa crise, o flâneur tornase o retrato do intelectual/artista que precisa refletir sobre sua própria situação histórica para que possa compreender e tentar redefinir seu papel e sua atuação sociais sob pena de sucumbir às demandas do mercado no cenário capitalista pósRevolução Industrial, marcado pelos meios de produção e por mudanças na percepção humana com o avanço da técnica e da urbanização no século XIX e início do XX. Como um tipo que vive no limiar (Schwelle) entre o passado histórico – representado pelo tempo da tradição e da transmissão de experiências coletivas duradouras e compartilháveis – e o presente – representado pela vivência do choque, que marca o tempo moderno da imediatez, da repetição, da reprodução incessante e do consumo que transforma todas as coisas em mercadorias – Benjamin apresenta o flâneur como aquele que ainda dispõe de fragmentos da verdadeira experiência histórica e, por reconhecer a distância que o afasta dessa experiência, ele representa a busca por uma consciência histórica atual. / The aim of this research is the flâneur in Walter Benjamin's thought. We will look specially upon his model of existence which testifies modernity's experience crisis characterized by the decline of the traditional experience (Erfahrung) as well as the arising of chock experience (Chockerlebnis). In the account of this crisis, the flâneur becomes the portrait of the intellectual/artist who needs to rethink upon his own historical position in order to comprehend and remodel his role as well as social behavior, otherwise he may fall into the market demands in a capitalistic postIndustrial Revolution scenario, labelled by the means of production and by the changes in human perception derived from technical advancement and reurbanization in the nineteenth century and beginning of the twentieth. As a type living in between historical past – represented by time of tradition and transmission of long lasting and sharing collective experiences – and present – represented by shock experience which conceives modern time as immediacy, repetition, uninterrupted reproduction, and consumption which transforms everything into commodities – Benjamin presents the flâneur as the one who still disposes of fragments of real historical experience, and that by recognizing the distance which sets him apart from this same experience, he represents the quest for real historical conciousness.

Paris’ population, throughout its modern history has sculpted a unique urban culture for itself. An ambiguous realm between the intimate and the public has evolved as a result of the political and economic influences experienced by the residents and immigrants in this city. Within this realm there is a typology and morphology that has a unique capacity to support both intimacy and privacy. This realm has the capacity to extend and restore a dimension of public space and experience that was eroded by the modern rushing stream. The morphology, while extending the public also frames the thresholds that are needed to maintain a sense of private and intimate space. My interest in historical typologies and the reuse of existing buildings for contemporary living led me to choose a vacant building in Paris as the site for a rehabilitation project. I began this project with a historical study of Paris. The trends in Paris’ residential architecture and urban development from 1528 to present day coupled with my experiences of living and working there, made up the background for this thesis. There was one dialectical theme that continually recurred throughout my research: The desire and necessity of public life contrasted by the yearning to retreat and protect the intimate, private life. The recognition of this theme helped me to form a better understanding of the individuals that make up the collective population of Paris and how their perceptions of personal space require certain thresholds to maintain their sense of comfort and security. The project that resulted was an attempt to mediate the distinct perceptions of this dialectic. The rehabilitation of the derelict building and the projected possibilities for rest of its block were meant to reconcile the display and retreat that characterized the renaissance period with the transparency that was introduced by modernity into Paris’ city centre in the 19th and 20th centuries.

Paris’ population, throughout its modern history has sculpted a unique urban culture for itself. An ambiguous realm between the intimate and the public has evolved as a result of the political and economic influences experienced by the residents and immigrants in this city. Within this realm there is a typology and morphology that has a unique capacity to support both intimacy and privacy. This realm has the capacity to extend and restore a dimension of public space and experience that was eroded by the modern rushing stream. The morphology, while extending the public also frames the thresholds that are needed to maintain a sense of private and intimate space. My interest in historical typologies and the reuse of existing buildings for contemporary living led me to choose a vacant building in Paris as the site for a rehabilitation project. I began this project with a historical study of Paris. The trends in Paris’ residential architecture and urban development from 1528 to present day coupled with my experiences of living and working there, made up the background for this thesis. There was one dialectical theme that continually recurred throughout my research: The desire and necessity of public life contrasted by the yearning to retreat and protect the intimate, private life. The recognition of this theme helped me to form a better understanding of the individuals that make up the collective population of Paris and how their perceptions of personal space require certain thresholds to maintain their sense of comfort and security. The project that resulted was an attempt to mediate the distinct perceptions of this dialectic. The rehabilitation of the derelict building and the projected possibilities for rest of its block were meant to reconcile the display and retreat that characterized the renaissance period with the transparency that was introduced by modernity into Paris’ city centre in the 19th and 20th centuries.

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / This thesis undertakes an analysis of how six published works by the South African writer Ivan Vladislavić form the perspective of writing the city – Johannesburg – into being. Beginning from the basis that Vladislavić’s writing constitutes what I have coined dialogic postcolonialism, the thesis engages with both broader contemporary urban and postcolonial theory in order to show the liminal imaginative space that the author occupies in his narrations of Johannesburg. Underlining the notion of postcolonialism being a “work in progress” my thesis problematises the issue of representation of the postcolonial city through different aspects like space, urbanity, identity and the self, and thus locates each of the texts under consideration at a particular locus in Vladislavić’s representational continuum of the continually transforming city of Johannesburg. Until the recent appearance of Mariginal Spaces – Reading Vladislavić (2011) the extant critical literature and research on the writing of Ivan Vladislavić has, as far as I can tell, not engaged with his work as a body of creative consideration and close analysis of the city of Johannesburg. Even this latest text largely consists of previously published reviews and articles by disparate critics and academics. The trend has therefore largely been to analyse the texts separately, without treating them as the building blocks to an ongoing and perhaps unending project of imaginatively bringing the city into being. Such readings have thus been unable to decipher and characterise the threads which have emerged over the period of the writer’s literary engagement with and representation of Johannesburg. I suggest that, as individual texts and as a collection or body of work, Ivan Vladislavić’s Missing Persons (1989), The Folly (1993), Propaganda by Monuments and Other Stories (1996), The Restless Supermarket (2006 – first published in 2001), The Exploded View (2004) and Portrait with Keys: Joburg & what-what (2006), are engaged in framing representations of the postcolonial city, representations which can in my view best be analysed through the prism of deconstructive engagement. To this end, the thesis examines contemporary South African urbanity or the post-apartheid metropolitan space (as epitomised by the fictive Johannesburg) and how it is represented in literature as changing, and in the process of becoming. As a consequence, the main conclusion I arrive at is on how the irresolvable nature of the city is reflected in the totality of Ivan Vladislavić’s writing. In that way, it was possible to treat every text in its own right (rather than forcing it to conform to an overarching thesis). This central insight allowed for the effective application of urban theory to the close readings of the texts.

L’objet de cette thèse doctorale est d’examiner le rôle que la poïétique cinématographique de Federico Fellini joue dans la constitution de la Rome cinématographique. Ma stratégie est d’identifier et de questionner les éléments constitutifs de cette poïétique, afin de pouvoir discuter de son effet dans le cinéma et la littérature contemporains. La première partie de la thèse est consacrée à l’analyse des éléments constitutifs identifiés - la flânerie, le spectacle et la mémoire - dans la filmographie romaine de Fellini, divisée pour des raisons thématiques et conceptuelles en trois moments : la constellation des attractions (Luci del varietà, Le notti di Cabiria, La dolce vita), la constellation des survivances (Block-notes di un regista, Satyricon, Roma) et la constellation des simulacra (Ginger e Fred, Intervista). Intimement connectés et complémentaires, ces trois éléments permettent de vérifier l’équivalence des qualités de la Rome fellinienne avec celles de la ville réelle. Traversant la filmographie romaine de Fellini, la figure centrale de sa poïétique, qui assure le raccord entre ses éléments et aussi entre les trois hétérotopies de Rome - la ville antique, le Vatican et Cinecittà -, est le flâneur. Complexe et protéiforme, capable d’assumer de nombreux rôles et d’assimiler d’autres figures urbaines, le flâneur s’avère le guide idéal de la Rome fellinienne. La deuxième partie de la thèse sert à déterminer et analyser de quelle manière ces éléments constitutifs de la poïétique cinématographique de Fellini sont questionnés et réinventés par d’autres cinéastes et écrivains dans leurs œuvres portant sur la ville de Rome. Dans la nouvelle constellation, constituée par les films The Belly of an Architect (1987) de Peter Greenaway et Gente di Roma (2003) d’Ettore Scola, l’épisode In Vespa du film Caro diario (1993) de Nanni Moretti et le roman I fannulloni (1991) de Marco Lodoli, j’explore l’effet provoqué par la Rome fellinienne et aussi examine la rencontre entre ces diverses visions artistiques de la ville. Les résultats obtenus servent à soutenir mon hypothèse que Fellini est le Poète par excellence de la Rome cinématographique et que la rencontre entre le Poète, la Ville et le Cinéma est un facteur décisif qui fait de Rome la capitale cinématographique du XXe siècle. / The purpose of this doctoral thesis is to examine the role that the Federico Fellini’s cinematic poetics plays in the constitution of the cinematic Rome. My strategy is to identify and to question the main components of this poetics, in order to be able to discuss its effect in contemporary film and literature. The first part of the thesis is dedicated to the analysis of the components identified – the flânerie, the spectacle and the memory- in the Fellini’s Roman films, divided for thematic and conceptual reasons in three moments: the constellation of attractions (Luci del varietà, Le notti di Cabiria, La dolce vita), the constellation of survivals (Block-notes di un regista, Satyricon,Roma) and the constellation of simulacra (Ginger e Fred, Intervista). Intimately connected and complementary, those three components are used to prove that the qualities of Fellini’s Rome are equivalent to those of the real city. Crossing the Fellini’s Roman films, the central figure of his poetics is the flâneur, which ensures the connection between its components and also between the heterotopias of Rome – the ancient city, the Vatican and Cinecittà -. Complex and protean, capable of assuming various roles and of assimilating other urban figures, the flâneur proves the ideal guide to Fellini’s Rome. The second part of the thesis serves to determine and to analyse how these three components of Fellini’s cinematic poetics are questioned and reinvented by other artists in their works on the city of Rome. In the new constellation, constituted by films The Belly of the Architect (1987) by Peter Greenaway and Gente di Roma (2003) by Ettore Scola, the episode «InVespa» of the film Caro diario (1993) by Nanni Moretti and the novel I fannulloni (1991) by Marco Lodoli, I explore the effect provoked by Fellini’s Rome and also examine the encounter between these various artistic visions of the city. The results obtained are used to support my hypothesis that Fellini is the Poet by excellence of Rome in cinema and that the encounter between the Poet, the City and the Cinema contributed in a decisive way to make Rome the cinematic capital of the 20th century.

Echoing through the lecture theatres, conference halls and pages of the contemporary Urban Studies discourse is the oft-repeated refrain that today over half the world’s population live in urban areas, and that by 2050 this proportion is expected to be upwards of 70%. The place of the leftover 50% of people inhabiting a vast and seemingly forgotten 98% of the planet’s rural territory is externalised, apparently lying outside the purview of marching urbanisation. Yet the theory of ‘Planetary Urbanisation’ has emerged in recent years positing a contentious epistemological questioning of Urban Studies’ focus sites, objects and processes. In this it argues for a reorientation of the field towards the ignored rural hinterlands of ‘extended urbanity’ falling under the influence of the fluid process of urbanisation which is transforming the countryside through processes of rationalisation, functionalisation and disintegration. Critiqued as overly abstract, empirically shallow and puritanically ignoring form, this paper investigates and experiments with the theory of planetary urbanisation in a grounded study of a corridor of the Swedish countryside and the village of Röstånga. It does so by a concrete, detailed and dualistic approach to sites of extended urbanisation, integrating both form and process in its analysis. This research exercises this analysis through extricating the city-bound flâneur out into the non-city through a phenomenological 60km, 2 day walk from the city of Malmö to Röstånga. Arriving in Röstånga, this paper then turns its attention to multiple, triangulated methodologies of mapping, observations and interviewing in order to bind our flâneur reflections to the built environment of rurality. In doing so, this research details a changing spatial and social landscape of the Skåne countryside and the village of Röstånga with results exposing an urbanised rurality of hybridity, control and decay and a village of operationalised suburbia, of an externally orientated centre and of disparate social innovations. A discussion of these results then exposes a rural realm simultaneously surrendering to its new reality of extended urbanity and desperately searching for meaning and purpose within it; a landscape wilting under what this paper terms as the shadow of post-political urbanisation. This research than calls for ‘politics of the possible’ in a re-politicisation of the rural and concludes by challenging planners, architects and governments to re-imagine alternatives for this vital if forgotten space.

Cette thèse commence comme une simple question en réponse au modèle du « parfait flâneur » que Baudelaire a élaboré dans Le peintre de la vie moderne (1853): un flâneur peut-il être imparfait? Je suggère trois interprétations possibles du mot « imparfait ». Il permet d’abord de sortir le flâneur du strict contexte du Paris du dix-neuvième siècle et permet des traductions imparfaites de personnages dans d’autres contextes. Ensuite, le flâneur déambule dans la dimension « imparfaite » de l’imagination fictionnelle – une dimension comparable à l’image anamorphique du crâne dans la peinture Les ambassadeurs de Holbein. Enfin, il réfère à l’imparfait conjugué, « l’imparfait flâneur » peut rappeler le personnage antihéroïque de l’humain dont l’existence est banale et inachevée, comme la phrase « il y avait ». Ces trois visions contribuent à la réinterprétation du flâneur dans le contexte de la fin du vingtième siècle. Mon hypothèse est que l’expérience urbaine du flâneur et la flânerie ne sont possibles que si l’on admet être imparfait(e), qu’on accepte ses imperfections et qu’elles ne nous surprennent pas. Quatre études de romans contemporains et de leurs villes respectives forment les principaux chapitres. Le premier étudie Montréal dans City of forgetting de Robert Majzels. J’examine les façons par lesquelles les personnages itinérants peuvent être considérés comme occupant (ou en échec d’occupation) du Montréal contemporain alors qu’ils sont eux-mêmes délogés. Quant au deuxième chapitre, il se concentre sur le Bombay de Rohinton Mistry dans A fine balance. Mon étude portera ici sur la question de l’hospitalité en relation à l’hébergement et au « dé-hébergement » des étrangers dans la ville. Le troisième chapitre nous amène à Hong-Kong avec la série Feituzhen de XiXi. Dans celle-ci, j’estime que la méthode spéciale de la marelle apparait comme une forme unique de flânerie imparfaite. Le quatrième chapitre étudie Istanbul à travers The black book d’Orhan Pamuk. Inspiré par les notions de « commencement » d’Edward Saïd, mon argumentaire est construit à partir de l’interrogation suivante : comment et quand commence une narration? En lieu de conclusion, j’ai imaginé une conversation entre l’auteur de cette thèse et les personnages de flâneurs imparfaits présents dans les différents chapitres. / This dissertation begins with a simple question in response to “the perfect flâneur” model that Baudelaire elaborated in his 1853 essay “The Painter of Modern Life”: can a flâneur be imperfect? I suggest three possible inferences behind the word “imperfect.” First, it should liberate the flâneur from the strict context of nineteenth-century Paris, and allows for imperfect translations of the figure into other urban contexts. Second, the flâneur also strolls in the “imperfect” dimension of fictional imagination, a dimension comparable to the anamorphic skull in Holbein’s painting The Ambassadors. Third, in the grammatical meaning of imperfect verb tenses, “imperfect flâneur” can also refer to the anti-heroic figure of the living, whose existence remains incomplete and mundane as in the phrase “it was.” All three implications contribute to the reinterpretation of the flâneur in late twentieth-century contexts. My premise is that to experience the city as a flâneur, or to make flânerie possible in the city, one should concede being imperfect, anticipate imperfections, and come to terms with them. Four in-depth studies of contemporary novels and their respective cities constitute the main chapters. Chapter One reads Robert Majzels’s City of Forgetting and Montreal. I examine the ways in which homeless characters could be said to occupy – or, fail to occupy – contemporary Montreal from their dislodged position. Chapter Two focuses on Rohinton Mistry’s A Fine Balance and Bombay. My reading evolves around the question of hospitality in relation to the accommodation and un-accommodation of strangers in the city. Chapter Three brings us to XiXi’s Feituzhen series and Hong Kong: I address the special method of hopscotching as a unique form of imperfect flânerie in XiXi’s works. In Chapter Four, I study Orhan Pamuk’s The Black Book and Istanbul. Inspired by Edward Said’s notions of beginning, I frame my argument with the enquiry: how and when does a narrative begin? In lieu of Conclusion, I imagined a conversation between the writing subject of this dissertation and the imperfect flâneurs featured in each chapter.

《無有鄉》(Neverwhere, 1997)原為BBC迷你影集，後經由作者尼爾‧蓋曼(Neil Gaiman)改寫成小說，書中主角理查‧馬修(Richard Mayhew)因拯救朵兒(Door)而被迫開始探索他前所未知、無從想像的倫敦空間，也就是倫敦下層(London Below)。此倫敦空間充滿暴力混亂，顛覆理查對原有倫敦的想像，也將他帶離熟悉的畛域，雖然倫敦下層的事物希奇古怪，卻又詭異的與倫敦上層互相指涉，也使理查此旅行充滿詭異怪誕(uncanny)。此論文意旨爬梳倫敦城市空間的複寫性和其造成的詭異、探討理查馬修漫遊者(flâneur)形象以及理查結尾做出的看似自由卻又充滿侷限逃逸線(line of flight)。 / In Neil Gaiman’s first novel Neverwhere, adapted from the original namesake BBC television serial, the protagonist Richard Mayhew is a forced traveler, exploring the territory of imaginary London Below, in which Richard fails to grasp the sense. The “London Below,” the buried and repressed past by the “London Above,” is full of chaos, violence. Observing the invisible cities of the multiple other which used to escape his unitary way of seeing, Richard’s vision of the familiar/homely city gets blurred, defiant. However, events in London Below always disturb but at the same time uncannily refer to those of the London Above, which makes his journey in London Below an uncanny one. This thesis is going to discuss palimpsestic London space and the role of Richard Mayhew as flâneur and Richard’s final decision as a line of flight.

This dissertation examines urban walking in Canada as it deviates from a largely male peripatetic tradition associated with the flâneur. This new incarnation of the walker—differentiated by gender, race, class, and/or sexual orientation—reshapes the urban imaginary and shifts the act of walking from what is generally theorized as an individualistic or simply transgressive act to a relational and transformative practice. While the walkers in this study are diverse, the majority of them are women: writers Dionne Brand, Daphne Marlatt, Régine Robin, Gail Scott, and Lisa Robertson and performance artists Kinga Araya, Stephanie Marshall, and Camille Turner all challenge the dualism inscribed by the dominant (masculine) gaze under the project of modernity that abstracts and objectifies the other. Yet, although sexual difference is often the first step toward rethinking identities and relationships to others and the city, it is not the last. I argue that poet Bud Osborn, the play The Postman, the projects Ogimaa Mikana, [murmur] and Walking With Our Sisters, and community initiatives such as Jane’s Walk, also invite all readers and pedestrians to question the equality, official history and inhabitability of Canadian cities. As these peripatetic works emphasize, how, where and why we choose to walk is a significant commentary on the nature of public space and democracy in contemporary urban Canada. This interdisciplinary study focuses on Vancouver, Toronto and Montreal, cities where there has been not only some of the greatest social and economic change in Canada under neoliberalism but also the greatest concentration of affective, peripatetic practices that react to these changes. The nineteenth-century flâneur’s pursuit of knowledge is no longer adequate to approach the everyday reality of the local and contingent effects of global capitalism. As these walkers reject an oversimplified and romanticized notion of belonging to a city or nation based on normative identity categories, they recognize the vulnerability of others and demand that cities be more than locations of precarity and economic growth. This dissertation critically engages diverse Canadian peripatetic perspectives notably absent in theories of urban walking and extends them in new directions. Although the topic of walking suggests an anthropocentrism that contradicts the turn to posthumanism in literary and cultural studies, the walkers in this study open the peripatetic up to non-anthropocentric notions as the autonomous subject of liberal individualism often associated with the male urban walking tradition is displaced by a new focus on the interdependent, affective relation of self and city and on attending to others, to the care of and responsibility for others and the city.

Dans les récits allégoriques chrétiens, le pèlerin est une figure symbolique représentant le parcours de l’Homme vers le Paradis. À partir de la seconde moitié du XIXe siècle, les poètes, promeneurs et flâneurs poursuivent la quête d’un au-delà entre les murs des grandes villes. La présente thèse examine les cas de figures des flâneries modernes. En étudiant des textes qui mettent en scène le thème de la marche, ce travail propose une analyse chronologique des approches de la Modernité dans la littérature et dans les arts français et tchèques du début du XIXe siècle aux années 1940. En étudiant les motifs constituants des récits de promenades modernes et le rôle du contexte historique et social de leur création, cette thèse apporte une contribution à la réflexion sur les parallèles culturels entre la France et la Bohême. En outre, elle livre une analyse de divers genres littéraires nés de la nécessité de l’Homme d’écrire le monde en marchant. / In Christian allegoric texts the Pilgrim traditionally symbolizes the journey of mankind to heaven. From the second half of the 19th century on, poets, travelers, and vagabonds pursued the quest of an afterlife from within city walls. This dissertation examines the different representations of modern wandering via an in-depth analysis of the theme as encountered in French and Czech literature and arts from the early 19th century to the 1940's. It reveals, in chronological order, the different artistic approaches to modernity. By bringing out the various patterns that emerge from the texts, while taking into account the historical and social contexts in which they were created, this work adds to existing knowledge on the cultural similarities between France and Bohemia. It also examines the different literary genres which originate from mankind’s need to walk and write the world. / V krestanských alegorických textech je poutník symbolickou postavou na ceste do Ráje.Od druhé poloviny devatenáctého století básníci, chodci a flânéri, se pokoušejí odhalitskrytou tvár reality na ulicích velkomest. Tato disertacní práce analyzuje podobymoderního poutnictví. Chronologicky razené rozbory del, týkajících se tématu chuze,sledují vývoj tvurcích postoju k modernímu svetu ve francouzské a ceské literature avýtvarném umení od zacátku devatenáctého století do konce ctyricátých let stoletídvacátého. Studiem dílcích motivu moderních poutnických textu, zasazenýchdo historického a sociálního kontextu doby jejich vzniku, tato práce prispívá k prohloubenípoznatku o kulturních paralelách mezi Francií a Cechami. Navíc tato disertace zkoumározlicné literární žánry, pro než byla prvotním impulsem potreba autora jít a psát.