Submitted by Erika Demachki (erikademachki@gmail.com) on 2018-05-22T18:27:39Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Ana Carolina Carvalho Farias - 2018.pdf: 29542893 bytes, checksum: 53b0284234a19e601a1df1bf59490dc0 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2018-05-23T11:46:51Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Ana Carolina Carvalho Farias - 2018.pdf: 29542893 bytes, checksum: 53b0284234a19e601a1df1bf59490dc0 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-23T11:46:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Ana Carolina Carvalho Farias - 2018.pdf: 29542893 bytes, checksum: 53b0284234a19e601a1df1bf59490dc0 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-04-11 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Cities are formed by a set of official practices supported by their normative institutions, and also by unofficial practices, that escape the norms and that bring other possibilities, other urgencies. The term tactical urbanism began to be used in the first decade of the 21st century to designate such practices in urbanism, referring generally to temporary, informal and somewhat contentious urban interventions in official practices and contemporary cities. However, the theoretical, artistic and political references of the practitioners of Tactical Urbanism refer to a much broader and complex role of practices that are often presented as an alternative to the Neoliberal Urbanism, currently hegemonic in the production of cities. However, there is still a certain theoretical and methodological gap regarding the tactical movements of urban production, which make it difficult to understand their capabilities and analyze their effects. In this sense, this research tried to construct a conceptual panorama on the Tactical Urbanism, exemplified with several practitioners and practices, sometimes called as such, sometimes indifferent to the term but within it. For this, a Taxonomy of Tactical Urbanism was elaborated, which brings eleven categories of analysis, elaborated in eighty-four subcategories, with the purpose of providing a reading for such practices and facilitating the articulation between their ideas, agents and objectives. For the elaboration of the Taxonomy, forty practices were charted and cataloged, exemplifying the various narratives that compose the discourse of urban tactics, representative of the work of great exponents of this discourse and also of the urban realities of the five continents. The Taxonomy is available on online platform, which allows the processing of complex data and collaborative data feeding. In this study, we demonstrate several ways of using the Taxonomy of Tactical Urbanism, among them, the triangulation between specific categories with the objective of verifying how Tactical Urbanism contributes in the fight for the right to the city, in the constitution of urban commons and in the confrontation with Neoliberal Urbanism. This articulation allowed us to conclude that the tactical self-denominated practices, closer to what was popularized with the label of Tactical Urbanism, present generally fragile arrangements as alternative possibilities to the neoliberal city, while the practices that are better able to promote the right to the city and to experience the constitution of commons, are those that take the tactic beyond the tactic, combining it in strategic movements, more aligned with the traditional struggles for urban justice. Such a conclusion reveals the need for critical thinking to better subsidize such actions, helping to circumvent the pitfalls and enhance the capacities of collaboration, participation and empowerment of multitude, which Tactical Urbanism can bring as contributions to the construction of more just cities. / As cidades são formadas por um conjunto de práticas oficiais sustentadas por suas instituições normativas e, também, por práticas não oficiais, que escapam às normas e que trazem outras possibilidades, outras urgências. O termo Urbanismo Tático passou a ser utilizado na primeira década do Século XXI para designar tais práticas em urbanismo, referindo-se, geralmente, a intervenções urbanas temporárias, informais e de certa forma contestadoras às práticas oficiais e às cidades contemporâneas. Porém, as referências teóricas, artísticas e políticas dos praticantes do Urbanismo Tático remetem a um rol muito mais amplo e complexo de práticas que se colocam, frequentemente, como alternativa ao Urbanismo Neoliberal, atualmente hegemônico na produção das cidades. No entanto, há ainda um certo vazio teórico e metodológico no que diz respeito aos movimentos táticos da produção urbana, que dificultam compreender suas capacidades e analisar seus efeitos. Nesse sentido, esta pesquisa buscou construir um panorama conceitual sobre o Urbanismo Tático, exemplificado com diversos praticantes e práticas, ora autodenominadas como tal, ora indiferentes ao termo mas enquadráveis a ele. Para tanto, foi elaborada uma Taxonomia do Urbanismo Tático, que traz onze categorias de análise, esmiuçadas em oitenta e quatro subcategorias, com o objetivo de fornecer uma leitura para tais práticas e facilitar a articulação entre suas ideias, seus agentes e objetivos. Para a elaboração da Taxonomia foram cartografadas e catalogadas quarenta práticas, exemplificativas das várias narrativas que compõem o discurso das táticas urbanas, representativas do trabalho de grandes expoentes desse discurso e, também, das realidades urbanas dos cinco continentes. A Taxonomia encontra-se disponível em plataforma on line, que permite o tratamento de dados complexos e a alimentação colaborativa de dados. Neste estudo, são demonstradas várias formas de utilização da Taxonomia do Urbanismo Tático, dentre elas, a triangulação entre categorias específicas com o objetivo de verificar como o Urbanismo Tático contribui na luta pelo direito à cidade, na constituição de comuns urbanos e no enfrentamento ao Urbanismo Neoliberal. Tal articulação permitiu concluir que as práticas autodenominadas táticas, mais próximas daquilo que se popularizou com a etiqueta do Urbanismo Tático, apresentam arranjos geralmente frágeis como possibilidades alternativas à cidade neoliberal, enquanto as práticas que reúnem maiores condições de promoverem o direito à cidade e de experimentarem a constituição de comuns, são aquelas que levam a tática para além da tática, combinando-a em movimentos estratégicos, mais alinhados com as tradicionais lutas por justiça urbana. Tal conclusão revela a necessidade de o pensamento crítico melhor subsidiar tais ações, ajudando a contornar as ciladas e a potencializar as capacidades de colaboração, participação e empoderamento da multidão, que o Urbanismo Tático pode trazer como contribuições para a construção de cidades mais justas.

Este trabalho investiga o histórico de constituição do Conselho Comunitário de Segurança do Morumbi (CONSEG Morumbi) e as representações sobre o tema da segurança que se expressam em seu ambiente. A partir disto, procura-se atribuir significado às estratégias de segurança elaboradas por este Conselho. O método etnográfico, pautado na observação participante, constitui elemento central da pesquisa que tem como fontes, também, atas de reunião do Conselho, entrevista concedida pela sua presidente e documentos oficiais relativos à criação e regulamentação dos CONSEGs. Inicialmente, identifico três momentos no processo histórico de urbanização da área onde atua o referido Conselho. Estes três momentos trouxeram para esta área grupos sociais distintos que disputam o projeto de urbanização da região. Ao longo do trabalho, identifico a apropriação social do espaço do CONSEG Morumbi pelos grupos economicamente favorecidos. Assim, constato o domínio, no ambiente deste Conselho, de certas representações sobre segurança que privilegiam a proteção ao patrimônio em detrimento de outros direitos civis, sociais e políticos, estabelecendo estratégias de segurança ancoradas no princípio da suspeição generalizada e na identificação das classes perigosas. / This dissertation investigates the history of establishment of the Community Council of Morumbi Security (CONSEG Morumbi) and representations on the issue of security which are expressed in their environment. From this, it seeks to give meaning to the security strategies adopted by this Council. The ethnographic method, based on participant observation, is a central element of the research whose sources are also meeting minutes of the Council, interview of its president and official documents relating to the creation and regulation of CONSEG. Initially, I identify three moments in the historical process of urbanization of the area where this council operates. These three moments brought to this area different social groups vying for the urbanization project in the region. Throughout the work, I identify the social appropriation of space CONSEG Morumbi by economically advantaged groups. So, I note the domain, in the environment of this Council of certain representations of security that emphasize the protection of heritage at the expense of other civil, social and political rights, establishing security strategies anchored in the principle of suspicion general and identifying \"dangerous classes \".

A agricultura urbana encontra-se presente em diversas civilizações e períodos da História. Entretanto, é na segunda metade do século XX, no contexto dos movimentos contraculturais (com início nos anos 1960/1970), que ela se materializará enquanto resultado de ativismos urbanos, destacadamente via guerrilha verde/guerrilla gardening, ou seja, mediante ações em terrenos públicos ou privados sem permissão prévia. Com isso, hortas comunitárias se tornaram símbolos da luta pela reestruturação do espaço urbano e ampliaram as reflexões sobre a apropriação do espaço público, a origem e qualidade dos alimentos, a cooperação cidadã e o direito à cidade. Esta dissertação tem por objetivo principal melhor compreender a agricultura urbana enquanto expressão ativista, destacadamente na cidade de São Paulo, onde ela se tornou mais evidente a partir da segunda década do século XXI, sobretudo com a emergência da rede Hortelões Urbanos e com a materialização da Horta das Corujas (horta comunitária em praça pública no território da Subprefeitura de Pinheiros), que também ajudaram a impulsionar mudanças legislativas e na composição de conselhos participativos. A partir de um recorte histórico-temporal adequado, empreendeu-se uma análise referente às dinâmicas da metrópole; atentou-se à problemática socioambiental; e regataram-se diferentes conceituações de agricultura urbana, evidenciando suas múltiplas soluções para a questão urbana. A partir da metodologia da pesquisa-ação, desenvolveu-se, por fim, o estudo de caso da Horta das Corujas, apresentando os seus diferentes aspectos socioespaciais vividos e percebidos cotidianamente. Na utopia das revoluções tranquilas, a referida horta comunitária sinaliza outra maneira de se apropriar do espaço público e de viver a cidade, pautada na experiência comunitária de caráter solidário. / Urban agriculture can be found in different civilizations and historical periods. However, it was not until recent times, from the countercultural movements of the 1960s and 70s onwards, that it became associated with \"green guerrilla\" or \"guerrilla gardening\", an activity that includes political actions in publicly or privately-owned land without prior permission. The resulting community gardens came to symbolise the struggle for the re-organisation of the urban space, including the reflection on the uses of public space, the origin and quality of food, the citizens\' rights to cooperate and intervene in the city. This dissertation will focus on urban agriculture as an activist expression, notably in Sao Paulo city, where it has experienced a remarkable development in the last two decades, especially with the emergence of the \"Hortelões Urbanos\" (Urban Gardeners) network and the founding of the Corujas Community Garden on a public square in the subprefecture of Pinheiros, which has contributed to legislative changes and to the reorganisation of participatory councils. My approach will question the adequacy of the historical approach, proposing instead an analysis based on the dynamics of the metropolis, the evaluation of environmental problems and of the different concepts of urban agriculture. Multiple solutions to urban issues will be suggested along the way. Guided by the methodology of the action research, the last section will be devoted to the case study of the Corujas Community Garden, giving pride of place to its socio-spatial aspects as perceived in daily life. I will conclude by addressing the utopia of the \"peaceful revolution\", i.e., the possibility that community gardens can provide a better kind of relationship with the public space and urban life, based on the communal sharing of assets and experiences.

Submitted by isabela.moljf@hotmail.com (isabela.moljf@hotmail.com) on 2017-08-15T11:04:04Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 9 bytes, checksum: 42dd12a06de379d3ffa39b67dc9c7aff (MD5) felipeperdigaobarbosa.pdf: 2974342 bytes, checksum: 205e51c585d09e6dd0ef008179761c29 (MD5) / Rejected by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br), reason: on 2017-08-15T11:40:30Z (GMT) / Submitted by isabela.moljf@hotmail.com (isabela.moljf@hotmail.com) on 2017-08-15T11:42:55Z No. of bitstreams: 1 felipeperdigaobarbosa.pdf: 2974342 bytes, checksum: 205e51c585d09e6dd0ef008179761c29 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-08-15T12:03:44Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 felipeperdigaobarbosa.pdf: 2974342 bytes, checksum: 205e51c585d09e6dd0ef008179761c29 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-15T12:03:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 felipeperdigaobarbosa.pdf: 2974342 bytes, checksum: 205e51c585d09e6dd0ef008179761c29 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-29 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O trabalho em questão tomou como objeto de análise o projeto social de cunho habitacional Pró-Moradia, localizado em uma área de ocupação popular da cidade de Muriaé, Minas Gerais, que apresenta contradições inerentes ao processo de produção capitalista do espaço. O projeto, que possui ainda cunho paroquial, foi idealizado por um padre holandês erradicado no município, conhecido como padre Tiago Prins. Originalmente, o projeto Pró-moradia aparenta personificar os ideais daquilo que Henri Lefebvre chamou de “direito à cidade”, expresso na primazia do “uso” da habitação. Contudo, ao longo de sua história esses ideais se perderam frente às contradições inerentes ao próprio capitalismo, que se desenvolveram justamente pela falta de organização social do projeto em questão. O fato de grande parte dos imóveis não possuir escritura, sendo estes terrenos vinculados a um grupo de investidores externos, tidos como “doadores”, contribuiu para um caminho de exclusão e não de acesso ao uso da cidade. / The work in question took as an object of analysis the social project of a housing project Pró-Moradia, located in an area of popular occupation of the city of Muriaé, Minas Gerais, which presents contradictions inherent in the process of capitalist production of space. The project, which still has a parish, was conceived by a dutch priest eradicated in the municipality, know as father Tiago Prins. Originally, the Pro-dwelling project seems to epitomize the ideals of what Henri Lefebvre called the “right to the city”, expressed in the primacy of the “use” of housing. Throughout their history, however, these ideals have been lost in the face of the contradictions inherent in capitalism itself, which have developed precisely because of the lack of social organization of the project in question. The fact that most of the properties do not have a deed, and these lands are linked to a group of external investors, considered as “donors”, controbuted to a path of exclusion and not access to the use of the city.

Cette thèse de géographie sociale et radicale traite des rapports de domination à Beyrouth à travers l’habiter des travailleurs migrants dans les marges urbaines. Population aux ressources faibles et stigmatisée dans une ville fragmentée, les migrants originaires d’Afrique et d’Asie tentent malgré tout de prendre place dans la capitale libanaise. L’approche micro et croisée de lieux – Bourj Hammoud, Karm al-Zeitoun, Sabra et le camp palestinien de Mar Elias – et de leurs habitants montre l’imbrication des temps longs et courts des migrations, les frottements entre les logiques communautaires et mercantiles des établis et celles plus chaotiques des nouveaux venus. Si les marges beyrouthines constituent des « sas » d’insertion où s’enchevêtrent des dynamiques multi-scalaires, elles n’en restent pas moins des espaces d’exclusion et de pauvreté animées et fragilisées par les injustices sociales et les inégalités citoyennes. À travers l’étude des mobilités, du système locatif et de l’accès au logement, et du dispositif commercial ethnique, ce travail, basé sur une enquête qui mobilise l’observation des espaces, les entretiens réalisés avec les différents acteurs et l’outil vidéo, met en exergue les réalités complexes de ces marges urbaines. Il expose leurs transformations contemporaines, mais également les tensions locales générées par une crise socio-politique libanaise et moyen-orientale, révélées ici via le prisme de la mondialisation migratoire. In fine, cette thèse interroge de manière à la fois décentrée, et ordinaire un ordre urbain généralement apprécié sous l’angle du confessionnalisme politique et questionne en miroir la nature du régime politique libanais. / This thesis of social and radical geography focuses on power relations in Beirut through an analysis of the housing of migrant workers in the outskirts of the city. As a population with few resources and subject to stigmatization, African and Asian migrant workers nevertheless try to find lodgings within the capital. Taking a micro and intersected approach to the study of specific neighbourhoods (Bourj Hammoud, Karm al-Zeitoun, Sabra and the Palestinian camp of Mar Elias) and their inhabitants reveals the interweaving of long- and short-term migrant groups and frictions between the commercial interests of the existing community and those, admittedly more chaotic, of newcomers. While the outskirts of Beirut have now become a transition zone, spaces in which new plural dynamics are emerging at various levels, they are also spaces of exclusion and poverty, where the coexistence of these communities is constantly being challenged and weakened by instances of social injustice and civil inequality. This study of mobility, rental accommodation, access to housing and the ethnic economy draws on observations of spaces, interviews with actors and video films and provides insights into the complex realities within a marginal urban population. It also highlights contemporary transformations and local tensions caused by the social, economic and political crisis in Lebanon and the Middle East through the prism of international migration. In fine, this thesis takes a decentralized and ordinary approach to analysing an urban structure usually observed from the perspective of confessional politics and, at the same time, questions the overall Lebanese political regime.

Städer är en plats där många individer lever tillsammans och det urbana offentliga rummet utgör en viktig plats där en rad olika utmaningar så som segregation påverkar hur individer möts. Halmstad kommun har tagit fasta på en kreativ och kulturell gestaltning när de ska förnya stadens kärna, Nissan. Målet är att sammanföra befolkning från båda sidorna av Nissan, istället för att vattnet ska vara en skiljande barriär. Detta ska de göra genom Kulturstråk, en slinga på åtta kilometer. Syftet med vår studie handlar om att undersöka hur medborgarna och projektledningen har upplevt sitt deltagande och inflytande över Kulturstråk Nissan samt hur projektet kan bidra till social sammanhållning och social hållbarhet för invånarna i Halmstad. I den teoretiska begreppsramen har vi använt oss av Jönhills (2012) begrepp exklusion/inklusion, Floridas (2006) teori om den kreativa klassen och Mitchells (2003) begrepp representation ur rätten till staden. Studien har tagit sin utgångspunkt i hermeneutiken med kvalitativa semistrukturerade intervjuer med 10 intervjupersoner. Resultatet visar att alla invånare inte varit inkluderade men att de som deltagit känt sig inkluderade. / Cities are a place where many individuals live together and the urban public space is an important place where a variety of challenges such as segregation affect how individuals meet. The municipality of Halmstad has established a creative and cultural approach when renewing the city's core, which they mean is at Nissan. Their goal is to bring together the people from both sides of Nissan, instead of the water being a separating barrier. They will make this through a cultural passage, an area of eight kilometers. The purpose of our study is to investigate how the citizens and project management have experienced their participation and influence over Kulturstråk Nissan and how the project can contribute to social cohesion and social sustainability for the inhabitants of Halmstad. In the theoretical conceptual framework, we have used Jönhills (2012) concept exclusion / inclusion, Floridas (2006) theory of the creative class and Mitchell's (2003) concept representation in the theory of the right to the city. The study has taken its starting point in hermeneutics with qualitative semistructured interviews. The result shows that all residents were not included but that those who participated felt included.

A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo conhecer as experiências sociais vividas por exmoradores da Ocupação urbana conhecida como Pinheirinho - ocorrida entre os anos de 2004 e 2012 na cidade de São José dos Campos SP, através dos significados atribuídos aos usos que faziam da cidade, compreendendo os motivos que levaram os sujeitos a optarem por uma ocupação urbana irregular, suas experiências cotidianas e como eram endereçadas suas necessidades sociais junto aos Poderes Públicos. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa; de natureza básica; do ponto de vista dos objetivos, descritiva e exploratória; e do ponto de vista dos procedimentos técnicos, pelo fato da pesquisa ter sido realizada após a desocupação da Ocupação, Ex-Post-Facto. Dada a constante polarização das análises acerca da Ocupação, principalmente por parte da grande mídia, restringiu-se a amostra de entrevistados àqueles que não faziam parte da Liderança da Ocupação, tampouco dos Governos Municipal, Estadual ou Federal. Para a coleta de dados, utilizou-se a metodologia da História Oral, orientada por um roteiro, definido em cinco eixos. Tal metodologia possibilitou um aprofundamento nas histórias dos sujeitos, possibilitando a redução da amostra. Dessa maneira, apesar da Ocupação contar com aproximadamente seis mil pessoas, tem-se uma amostra de dez sujeitos, sendo analisados em profundidade, através de uma perspectiva analítica pautada na Teoria Social Crítica, seis deles. A análise dos dados foi subsidiada interdisciplinarmente por diversos autores, dentro os quais se destacam David Harvey, Francisco de Oliveira, Vera Telles e Zygmunt Bauman. Coube ao pesquisador dialogar as entrevistas, repletas de subjetividades, com os teóricos, como os acima citados, além de outras fontes de dados, como jornais e revistas, dentre outros. Como resultado, revelam-se histórias e experiências do cotidiano na cidade. Experiências cheias de vida: do trabalho precário, da luta pela moradia, das práticas do espaço, do despertar de uma consciência política, de acertos, erros, afetos, solidariedade, violência, enganos, desenganos etc. São relatos de pessoas comuns que compartilham a experiência de terem residido em uma ocupação urbana irregular. Relatos de vidas refletidas por políticas públicas mal feitas. Vidas marcadas pela precariedade do trabalho, que determinam pontos de inflexões, criando novos usos da Cidade, em uma constante disput com poderes públicos e privados para transformála conforme sua necessidade, resultando em um constante movimento de criação de acessos e bloqueios. / This research aims to understand the social experiences of former residents of the urban occupation known as Pinheirinho, which existed between 2004 and 2012 in the city of São José dos Campos, SP. It was analyzed the significant attributes of those who created the occupation, the reasons that led the subjects to opt for an irregular urban occupation, their everyday experiences, and how their social needs were addressed by the public authorities. This research is qualitative, descriptive, and exploratory, with basic objectives, from the point of view of technical procedures, and Ex-Post-Facto, because the survey was conducted retrospectively after the Occupation was vacated. Given the constant polarization of the analysis about the Occupation, especially by the mainstream media, the sample was restricted to those respondents who were not part of the leadership of the Occupation nor the Municipal, State, or Federal Government. For collect data, it was used Oral History methodology, guided by a script, which focused on five main topics. This methodology enabled the collection of in-depth histories of the subjects, permitting a reduced sample. Thus, although the occupancy contained about six thousand people, our samples has only ten subjects, which were analyzed in depth, through an analytical perspective guided in Critical Social Theory, six of them. Data analysis was supported by several authors across disciplines, such as David Harvey, Francisco de Oliveira, Vera Telles, and Zygmunt Bauman. The investigator who conducted the interviews, which were subjective, used the theorists mentioned above as well as other data sources, such as journals and newspapers. The result is a portrait of stories and experiences of everyday life in the city. Life experiences are described such as job insecurity, the struggle for housing, the practices of space, successes, failures, affections, solidarity, violence, misunderstandings, deceptions, etc. It is a report of common people who share the experience of having lived in an irregular urban occupation. The report reflects the bad public policy. Their lives have been marked by job insecurity, which determine inflection points, creating new practices for the City that is in constant dispute with public and private powers to transform as needed, resulting in constant movement that creates access and obstacles.

[pt] A presente dissertação tem como ponto de partida analisar a realidade da população cigana Calon e os desafios que enfrentam na perspectiva de acessar bens e serviços na cidade de Resende localizada geograficamente na área do Médio Paraíba no estado do Rio de janeiro. A pesquisa desenvolvida foi de cunho qualitativo onde realizamos levantamento documental e bibliográfico com a finalidade de conhecer a legislação e as produções já sistematizadas como forma de subsidiar nossa discussão e conhecimento a respeito do sistema de proteção social ofertados por determinadas políticas a grupos específicos, que no caso em estudo, são os ciganos Calon. Nossas indagações se voltaram para o entendimento do acesso dessa população a bens e serviço e dentre eles sua relação dentro do espaço urbano, considerando as seguintes questões: acesso ao pouso e uso da terra/ moradia/ direito à cidade e ainda os acessos aos direitos sociais através das políticas sociais presentes no território. Nesse contexto, buscamos conhecer a relação dos ciganos Calon com as políticas sociais locais, e para isto também realizamos trabalho de campo, tanto com o grupo de ciganos, no acampamento, quanto com o poder público, objetivando conhecer a realidade e compreender até que ponto são respeitadas as singularidades culturais desse grupo, e quais são as possibilidades de real acesso que eles têm aos serviços. E o canal de escuta se estabeleceu através da realização de entrevistas semiestruturada com os dois segmentos. / [en] The present dissertation analyzes the reality of the Roma population Calon and the challenges they face in the perspective of accessing goods and services in the city of Resende located geographically in the area of the Middle Paraíba in the state of Rio de Janeiro. The research developed was qualitative where we conducted a documentary and bibliographic survey with the purpose of knowing the legislation and the productions already systematized as a way of subsidizing our discussion and knowledge about the social protection system offered by certain policies to specific groups, which in the case in point, are the Calon gypsies. Our inquiries have turned to the understanding of the access of this population to goods and services and their relationship within the urban space, considering the following issues: access to land and land / housing / right to the city and access to social rights through the social policies present in the territory. In this context we seek to know the relationship of the Calon gypsies with local social policies, and for this we also carry out field work both with the group of gypsies, in the camps and with the public power, aiming to know the reality and to understand the extent to which they are respected the cultural singularities of this group, and what are the possibilities of real access they have to services. And the listening channel was established through semi-structured interviews with the two segments.

I skapandet av staden har människan möjlighet att göra om sig själv och förverkliga sitt hjärtas önskan. Hur och för vem staden ska utformas för är troligtvis en diskussion vilken kommer att finnas lika länge som staden i sig. Genom historien har privat ägande och andra samhälleliga former av dominans kontrollerat dess rum, vilket ofta resulterat i olika former av proteströrelser.   Tactical urbanism har i flertalet städer världen över blivit en populär metod för att förbättra livskvaliteten i staden. Detta genom att lokala aktörer, främst medborgarna, förändrar sitt närområde med småskaliga förbättringar. Denna uppsats beskriver vad tactical urbanism är, teorin bakom metoden och vilka möjligheter och följder den kan medföra i stadsmiljön och i planeringen av staden. Ur ett svenskt perspektiv undersöks detta genom en fallstudie utav Stockholms stads riktlinjer för idéburen stadsförbättring.   Uppsatsen går in på den kritik som finns inom modern stadsutveckling, vilken menar att den nyliberala urbanismen skapar ojämlikhet i samhället. Dessutom behandlas begreppet ”rätten till staden” vilken genomsyrar tactical urbanisms metoder, synsätt och grundläggande teori. Uppsatsens bidrag är en sammanläsning av teorier kring ”rätten till staden” med tactical urbanisms praktiska användning. Därmed visas hur tactical urbanism kan utvecklas till att bättre möta medborgarnas behov, i synnerhet svaga grupper i samhället. Det finns tendenser till att tactical urbanism införlivats i neoliberalismens stadsutveckling och därmed riskerar att förlora sin röst för de svaga. Fallstudien om Stockholm visar att tanken på ifall en eventuell konsekvens om gentrifiering som följd av idéburen stadsförbättring saknas. Dock visar fallstudien att det finns en oro över att metoderna främst gynnar innerstadsborna. Stockholms stads riktlinjer för idéburen stadsförbättring ligger i linje, men sammanfaller inte helt med vad tactical urbanism i teorin står för. Studien visar att det finns ett behov av någon form av samordnare för idéburen stadsförbättring och en djupare förståelse för tactical urbanism.   Staden har genom historien varit och fortsätter vara en plats där rummets struktur skiljer människor åt. Det säger mycket om våra värderingar, och om symbolen människan. Att främja metoder vilka tillåter medborgaren att skapa staden blir en symbol för en rättvisare stad. Om tactical urbanism och idéburen stadsförbättring möjliggör det får framtiden utvisa. Min förhoppning är att denna uppsats ska ge en förståelse för vad tactical urbanism och idéburen stadsförbättring står för. Dessutom önskar jag inspirera till en fortsatt diskussion om hur och varför vi bygger våra städer, vilken påverkan det har på det offentliga rummet, samt hur nya riktlinjer tas fram. Jag vill även framhålla vikten av en syftesbaserad riktlinje som är enhetlig i kommunens hela organisation, från politiker till tjänstemän. / In the creation of the city man has the opportunity to remake himself and realize his heart's desire. How and for whom the city should be designed for is probably a discussion that will continue until eternity. Throughout history, private ownership and other social forms of domination has controlled urban space, which often has resulted in various forms of protest movements.   Tactical urbanism has in several cities around the world become a popular method for improving the livability in the city; local actors, mainly citizens, have remade their neighbourhood with small-scale improvements. This paper describes what tactical urbanism is, the theory behind the method and the opportunities and consequences it may bring in the urban environment and in the planning of the city. From a Swedish perspective this is explored through a case study of Stockholm's City guidelines for idéburen stadsförbättring.   This study examines the criticism in contemporary urban development, which argue that the neoliberal urbanism creates inequality in society, and the concept of "right to the city" which permeates tactical urbanisms actions, approaches and basic theory. The contribution of this essay is an interlacement of theoris concerning "right to the city" with tactical urbanism practical usage and how tactical urbanism can be developed to better fullfill the needs of the citizens, especially marginalised groups in society. The essay suggests that there is a tendency that tactical urbanism is incorporated into neoliberal urban development and therefore is losing its voice for the weak of society. The case study of Stockholm shows that the idea if a possible consequence of gentrification as a result of idéburen stadsförbättring is lacking. However, the study shows that there is a concern that the methods mainly benefit inner-city residents. Stockholm's guidelines for idéburen stadsförbättring is similar, but does not entirely coincide with what the tactical urbanism in theory stand for. The study shows that there is a need for a coordinator for idéburen stadsförbättring and a deeper understanding of tactical urbanism.   Through history, the city has been, and continues to be a place where spatial structure divides people, it says a lot about our values, and the symbol of man. To promote practices which allow the citizens to remake the city, is a symbol for the ”right to the city”, but time will tell if that is something tactical urbanism and idéburen stadsförbättring can enable. My hope is that this paper will provide an understanding of what tactical urbanism and idéburen stadsförbättring stands for and inspire for further discussion on how and why we build our cities, what impact it has on the public space, and how new urban guidelines are developed and the importance of a guideline is purpose-based and consentient in municipalities, from politicians to the official.

The Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals of Texas in Dallas, Texas offers an array of services and programs to residents in southern Dallas and other areas. However, interest in the state of access to veterinary care has been questioned for southern Dallas residents. In an area that faces certain compounding stressors, such as food deserts and transportation difficulties, a lack of access to veterinary care for pet owners is considered an additional possible stressor. Pet owners in southern Dallas, along with the SPCA of Texas, contemplate how to best provide medical care for local pets. In this body of work, I describe community access to veterinary services in southern Dallas. I provide a resident-centered explanation based on in-depth interviews with locals that discuss the current state of access to veterinary services while simultaneously analyzing the links between access to veterinary care, the area of southern Dallas itself, and ongoing issues with roaming and stray dogs.