According to postcolonial theory, postcolonial literature tends to depict non-Westerners – the native Other – as a homogenous mass, portrayed as carrying all the dark human traits. The Other is often represented as, for instance, being exotic, violent, hostile and mysterious, and either stands in opposition to, or is portrayed as being completely different from the Westerner. With postcolonial theory as a background, this study is a close-reading analysis and comparison of Albert Camus’ The Stranger (1942), which takes place in a colonial Algeria, and J.M. Coetzee’s Disgrace (1999), which is set in postcolonial South Africa. The novels have been analysed in terms of representation of the Other, as well as the power relations and hierarchy between Westerners and natives, in order to see if these aspects are portrayed differently due to the fact that one novel is written pre-independence and the other post-independence. The results show that the representation of the Other is in accordance with postcolonial theory, in both novels. The natives are exoticised, portrayed as violent and mysterious in a hostile manner, and the plot is viewed from the perspective of the Western, white male protagonist. However, the power relations differ; in The Stranger, the Westerners are definitely superior, whereas in Disgrace, some of the characters still consider themselves to be superior, but their power has declined – the natives strike back, leaving the white population with a choice: to comply to the new order, or to find themselves in a state of disgrace.

[pt] O presente trabalho tomou como texto norteador o ensaio de Sigmund Freud, escrito em 1919, intitulado O Estranho. A pesquisa analisou o mesmo, investigando acerca da viabilidade do estranhar neste período contemporâneo. Para tanto, foi feita uma abordagem de acordo com a sugerida por Freud e ainda uma outra, condizendo com o ponto de vista de Jentsch, mencionado pelo autor, o qual aproxima o fenômeno da estranheza à incerteza intelectual. A partir do viés interpretativo referido à incerteza, o direcionamento da sensação de estranheza se voltou à estética, tomando-a como a qualidade de sentir. Esta direção facilitou a proximidade com as clínicas de Sándor Ferenczi e de Donald Winnicott. A contribuição destes analistas, explicitando como o estranho pode ser acolhido, se contrapõe à usual tentativa de eliminação da alteridade, do que vem a ser o outro. Além da clínica, no debate em torno de como este fenômeno é sentido na atualidade, e da possibilidade de sua ocorrência, causando movimento, pesquisamos a partir de algumas cartografias do que venha a ser o período contemporâneo, feitas por estudiosos da psicanálise, como de outras áreas também, como a sociologia e a filosofia. / [en] The present study has taken as leading text the Sigmund Freud s essay, written in 1919, titled The stranger. The research analyzed it, investigating about the viability of coming strange in this contemporary period. For doing so, it was used an approach according to what was suggested by Freud, and another one more in line with the point of view of Jentsch, mentioned by the author, who approximates the strangeness phenomenon to the intellectual uncertainly. From the stand point of the interpretation bias refered to the uncertainly, the sensation of strangeness was directed to applied to the esthetics, taken as the quality of feeling. This direction has facilitated the proximity of the analysis to the clinics of Sándor Ferenczi and Donald Winnicott. The contribution of these analysts, showing us how the stranger can be received, is opposite to the usual attempt of elimination of the otherness, of what can be seen as the other. Beyond the clinic, in the debate about how this phenomenon is perceived nowadays, and about the possibility of its occurrence, causing movement, we have also researched, based on some contemporary cartography s, made by researches of Psychoanalysis, as other areas too, like Sociology and Philosophy.

Uppsatsens ansats är att undersöka hur den kvinnliga karaktären Eleven kan tolkas som en kristusgestalt. Med hjälp av en narrativ analys av utvalda scener i säsong ett av tv-serien Stranger Things där karaktären Eleven figurerar, analyseras både Elevens handlingar och hennes karaktäristiska drag med hjälp av bland annat Tomas Axelsons förståelse av en kristusgestalt och dess rötter, samt Lloyds Baughs åtta kriterier för kristusgestalter. Resultatet visar att Elevens karaktäristiska drag och handlingar är till stor del förenliga med en kristusgestalts, men är inte oproblematiskt. Många av Elevens handlingar, även de som genomförs med ett beskyddande syfte, genomsyras av våld, vilket inte är kristuslikt alls. Tidigare forskning menar att våld är vanligt förekommande bland dagens kristusgestalter, men frågan kan ställas huruvida detta så vitt skiljande drag bör påverka tolkning av karaktärer som kristusgestalter.

Title: To belong or not? - A qualitative study about agencies employees organizational boundaries.    The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship that agencies employees have with boundaries at their customer company. This was investigated based on the degree of which the agencies employees were confronted by organizational boundaries, what these boundaries could depend on and how the agencies employees reacted on this. The methodological choice resulted in eight semi-structured interviews. Where the interview group consisted of current and former agencies employees as well as both women and men. The theoretical framework that we used to answer our purpose is Organizational boundaries, Exit - voice and loyalty and the Stranger.   The results of the study showed that agencies employees could perceive the organizational boundaries in different ways and that they also could be affected by them in varying degrees. The level of organizational boundaries has proven to be based to some extent by the selection of the industry for the agency employee. In addition to this it also has an effect why the customer companies chose to take in agencies employees and finally for how long time an agencies employee has been at their respective customer company. The borders also seem to depend on why the agencies employees choose to be an agency employee. Interviewees who aimed to be employed by the client company tried to become part of that company and to exceed the limits that they were faced with. This in contrast to other interviewees that did not have the same goals and therefore could accept their position in relation to organizational boundaries and settle as a "stranger". Finally, the person's own actions in the form of commitment and indifference could also affect whether the organizational boundaries remained or were blurred.

Home—Topia is an ongoing contemporary art research and exhibiting project, putting focus on the current forms of migration, rooting, unrooting and life in between cultures. Home—Topia is examining the notion of home, sense of belonging and its connection to the physical space. Home — Topia is based on the assumption that various forms of mobility, migration and life on the move have become one of the basic characteristics of today's world. The primary goal of the Home — Topia project is the realization of the group exhibition of five Berlin- based artists with ties to the Czech and Slovak cultural environment: Zorka Lednárová, Katarína Hrušková, Petra Debnárová and the duo Julia Gryboś + Barbora Zentková. Following the dialogue between the artists, new artworks will be created and presented in Raum für Drastische Maßnahmen gallery in Berlin. Due to the coronavirus pandemic, the event will not take place until 2021. A secondary output of the project is the online platform home-topia.eu. This online platform makes publicly accessible the research trajectory, interviews, essays, bibliography and events archive. The project also included the interactive video installation in the Raum für Drastische Maßnahmen gallery in Berlin, which used elements of augmented reality. Two channels video installation was presented from 11th until 21st of June.

[pt] De acordo com a teoria freudiana em sua abordagem por Lacan, os conceitos angústia e objeto são articulados sob dois aspectos na presente dissertação. Primeiro, a partir de um exame das considerações de Freud a respeito da fobia, que liga a angústia a um objeto na realidade. Com a formulação do objeto a por Lacan, constata-se uma transformação do estatuto do objeto, uma vez que se trata de um objeto inconsistente. Exploramos, então, as possíveis relações entre a fobia do caso Pequeno Hans e tal objeto. / [en] According to Freud´s theory and its interpretation by Lacan, the concepts anguish and object are articulated in two aspects in this dissertation. First, by examining Freud´s considerations about phobia, that links anguish to an object in reality. With Lacan`s formulation of object a, we confirm a transformation of the statute of the object, as long as it treats of an inconsistent object. Then we explore the possible relations of phobia and the object in the case Little Hans.

Thesis advisor: Régine Jean-Charles / Practice whereby a host (the one who receives) open his/her door to a guest (the one who is either invited or simply received), hospitality is nowadays under fire as the migrant crisis unfolds the plight of countless strangers who, at the end of their perilous journey across the Mediterranean Sea, come and knock at the doors of Europe, in particular France—birthplace of the Rights of Man. Taking the stand of Louis de Jaucourt on the socio-political challenges of hospitality outlined in his 18th century French article, Hospitalité, as the point of departure of our study, we focus on how hospitality intersects with social criticism through the person of the stranger in the following corpus of literary texts, which spans from the 18th to the 20th century: 1. Lettres persanes (Montesquieu), Lettres philosophiques (Voltaire), and L’Ile des Esclaves (Marivaux); 2. L’Ingénu (Voltaire), Lettres d’une Péruvienne (Françoise de Graffigny), and Ourika (Claire de Duras) ; 3. La Noire de… (Sembène Ousmane), and Xavier, le drame d’un émigré Antillais (Tony Delsham). Here, we enter in dialogue with Julia Kristeva’s essay, Etrangers à nous-mêmes, namely the chapter she writes about philosophers of the Enlightenment: L’Etranger : alter ego du philosophe. She argues that, as a satirical modus operandi, these philosophers withdraw behind the figure of the stranger, who then becomes their “double”, their “mask” (196). We show that Kristeva’s argument is not only limited to the works of 18th century French philosophers, but also to those of their literary heirs, who ascribe rather to the “mask” of the stranger of color, and moreover the hospitality he/she receives in France, as a satirical tool to lay bare the flaws of their own society. / Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2019. / Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: Romance Languages and Literatures.

Inserida nos estudos da Germanística Interdisciplinar no Brasil, a presente dissertação, A experiência do estranho no romance Die Aufzeichnungen des Malte Laurids Brigge, de Rainer Maria Rilke, tem como objetivo analisar na mencionada obra literária, considerada o primeiro romance moderno em língua alemã do século XX, o conceito do estranho. Os diversos elementos ficcionais que compõem cada um de seus setenta e um fragmentos permitem ao protagonista-narrador, Malte Laurids Brigge, ter acesso à abrangente configuração da semântica do estranho que se apresenta aqui por meio de três vertentes: a experiência de vida em uma metrópole estrangeira com a qual ele não se identifica, mas que, dialeticamente, lhe serve como uma ponte para a descoberta de seu mundo interior; a revelação de recordações de sua infância, até então não manifestadas, e regidas por acontecimentos particulares que reconstituem a busca precoce por sua identidade; e a afirmação de seu Eu através de leituras de narrativas alheias que projetam camufladamente sua identidade. Com esse conjunto semântico multifacetário, Rilke logra articular com a experiência do estranho diversas possibilidades e tentativas de Malte Laurids Brigge em buscar e redefinir sua identidade. / Inscribed within Interdisciplinary Germanic Studies in Brazil, the objective of this thesis, The Foreigners/Stranger´s Experience in Rainer Maria Rilkes Die Aufzeichnungen des Malte Laurids Brigge, is to analyze the concept of the foreigner/stranger in said text, considered to be the German languages first 20th Century modern novel. The diverse fictional elements comprising each one of the seventy one fragments of the work grant the central character/narrator access to the configuration of the semantics of the foreigner, presented in three strains: the experience of living in a foreign metropolis with which he does not identify yet serves him as a bridge to discovering an inner world in dialectic terms; the revelation of memories not manifested during his childhood and governed by particular occurrences that reconstruct his search for identity; and the projection of his ego through readings of narratives by others. With this group of elements and by way of the foreigners experience, Rilke manages to articulate the most diverse possibilities of Malte Laurids Grigges search for identity.

Child abduction is a serious problem in the U.S.; therefore, it is essential that researchers evaluate the efficacy of currently available abduction prevention programs. This study evaluated the efficacy of a commercially-available abduction prevention program, The Safe Side. The participants included six 6-8-year old children with no prior abduction prevention training. A non-concurrent multiple baseline across participants design was used to evaluate the effects of the training. The participants' safety responses were assessed using in situ assessments within two different situations (responding to a knock on the door of the participant's home and interaction by a stranger in public) and scored numerically. Any participant who failed to perform the appropriate safety skills following the post video training assessment received in situ training implemented by the parent. Additional assessments were subsequently conducted until each participant demonstrated the desired safety skills to criterion (three consecutive correct scores). In situ training was continually conducted as necessary.

<p>In this dissertation I address the question of why some social groups classify some people and groups as strangers. To answer the question I focus the stranger in the writings of the Polish sociologist Zygmunt Bauman.</p><p>According to Bauman, the social construction of the stranger cannot be compared with the asymmetrical relation between an in-group and an out-group. An in-group stands for friends and proximity. It considers the out-group as the enemy at a distance. The hierarchical and a reciprocal relationship that exists between the in-group and the out-group is a part of the social order. The stranger, on the other hand, is constructed in the ambivalent position between the in-group and the out-group. Since there is no room for the stranger in an orderly world she has to be dealt with in a way that keeps the world free from incongruity.</p><p>Since Bauman considers the moral consequence of cultural classification, his work is also relevant for the question of living with the stranger. Leaving the Occidental rational tradition in favour of a phenomenological tradition, Bauman offers a view that considers the encounter with the stranger as a moral meeting. Highlighting responsibility, instead of social arrangements, law or tradition, Bauman visualises the stranger as a moral subject and not as aparticular social type, one who is constantly out of place</p><p>The theoretical considerations of the social making of the stranger, and the moral understanding of living <i>for</i> the stranger, contribute to a deeper understanding about the institutional origins of social marginalisation and cultural exclusion.</p>