Orientador: Eliezer Rizzo de Oliveira / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-05T00:45:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Antunes_PriscilaCarlosBrandao_D.pdf: 26356082 bytes, checksum: c01a75fdefd83ce61dece0abae7a04c2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: Esta tese analisa as recentes reformas nos serviços de inteligência civil brasileiro, argentino e chileno, no contexto das relações civis militares. Três diferentes problemas analíticos estruturam a pesquisa: A) o desafio institucional da construção de sistemas que sejam eficientes, eficazes e consistentes com as demandas de segurança e defesa nestes países. Como os serviços de inteligência civis têm sido institucionalmente desenhados a partir dos processos de transição e consolidação democrática? B) O desafio institucional de construção de sistemas de inteligência responsáveis, responsivos e consistentes com as demandas de controle público democrático? Porque os recentes mecanismos de supervisão congressual e accountability têm desempenho diferenciado nos diversos países em termos de sua capacidade de controle sobre as atividadesde inteligência? C) Odesafio profissional da construção de sistemas de inteligência flexíveis, capacitados e analiticamente relevantes. Quais são os mecanismos institucionais mais importantes utilizados em cada país para avaliar o desempenho analítico dos serviços de inteligência? Os objetivos gerais desta pesquisa são produzir conhecimentos sobre o funcionamento e o papel dos sistemas de inteligência durante processos de consolidação democrática e aumentar o grau de expertise civil e reconhecimento público sobre a importância e os dilemas envolvidos na atuação dos serviços de inteligência / Abstract: This thesis analyzes the recent refonns of the Brazilian, Argentinean and Chilean civic intelligence services in the context of the South American civic-military relationship issues. The research is based on three different problems: A) The institutional challenge of building effective, efficient and consistent intelligence systems in order to fulfill the demands for security and defense of those countries. How have Latin American civic intelligence services been institutionally planned in the transition and consolidation periods? B) The institutional challenge of designing responsive, consistent and responsible intelligence systems to do what is required by the public democratic controI. Why have the modern means of supervising congress tasks had distinct perfonnances in the control of intelligence activities considering accountability in those countries? C) The professional challenge of structuring flexible, qualified and analytically relevant intelligence systems. How do those countries deal with the professionalization issues related to intelligence systems analysis? What are the most important institutional devices used to evaluate the analytic perfonnance of intelligence services by the national government in each of those countries? The general objectives of the research are to produce knowledge about the role and operations of intelligence systems during processes of democratic consolidation and to increase civil expertise and public awareness about the importance and the dilemmas involved in the perfonnance of intelligence services / Doutorado / Doutor em Ciências Sociais

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T15:22:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lillian Bento.pdf: 1361437 bytes, checksum: c5000a195c7e837bd9661ddd8d26eb1e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-08-28 / A torture case that had as victim a 12 year-old girl is denounced by some neighbors of the aggressor, the entrepreneur of high middle class who lived in a noble quarter of Goiânia (GO), Silvia Calabresi, became subject of analysis in the Brazilian media, in special, the provincial press since March 17th of 2008, when the case was denounced to the Police. This work searches to identify the Discursive Formation that leads the speech of the media about the relation of the violence with childhood from the Analysis of Speech (AD) proposed by Michel Pêcheux, Michel Foucault and, finally, from the analysis of the Archaeological Method, argued by Freda Indursky (2007). The path of the representation of childhood, since the displayed child, represented by indigenous children of the Brazil Colony, passing by the notion of minor and marginalized child, legally consolidated with the Codes of Minor, until the citizenship in development age starred from the Statute of the Child and the Adolescent (Law 8,069/90), appears as the first conducting wire to identify the Discursive Formation that leads the media s speech in this specific police covering case. The notion of violence and the acceptance of the torture misinterpreted during many decades as educational process present on the parentschildren relation also come up at the aggressor s speech, who justifies the torture sessions as she was educating the child-victim. Finally, the notion of citizen of rights seems more consolidated when the torture is faced as something unacceptable in the vein of the contemporary society, considering strange the fact that the violent act had occurred in the heart of the middle class. There is some strangeness in this fact witch comes from the consolidated notion in the common sense that violence is a characteristic of poorer classes. Ally to this trajectory of the notion of childhood, violence and torture is the process of the news production, witch, with its own characteristics, redirects the journalistic text, without however, turn aside itself from the Discursive Formation where it is inserted. / Um caso de tortura que teve como vítima uma garota de 12 anos é denunciado por vizinhos da agressora, a empresária de classe média alta e moradora de um bairro nobre de Goiânia (GO), Silvia Calabresi, tornou-se tema de discussão da mídia brasileira, em especial, da imprensa goiana desde 17 de março de 2008, data da denúncia do caso no Polícia Civil. Este trabalho busca identificar a Formação Discursiva que conduz o discurso da mídia sobre a relação da violência com a infância a partir da Análise de Discurso (AD) proposta por Michel Pêcheux, Michel Foucault e, por fim, a partir da análise do Método Arqueológico, discutida por Freda Indursky (2007). A trajetória da representação da infância, desde o infante exposto, representado por crianças indígenas do Brasil Colônia, passando pela noção de criança menorizada e marginalizada, consolidada juridicamente com os Códigos do Menor, até o sujeito de direito e em desenvolvimento inaugurado pelo Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente (Lei 8.069/90), surge como primeiro fio condutor para identificação da Formação Discursiva que conduz o discurso da mídia no caso desta cobertura policial específica. A noção de violência e a aceitação da tortura no que por muitas décadas foi chamado de processo educacional presente na relação entre pais e filhos também vem a tona na fala da agressora, que justifica as sessões de tortura alegando estar educando a criança-vítima. Por fim, a noção de sujeito de direitos parece mais consolidada quando a tortura é tratada como algo inaceitável no seio da sociedade contemporânea, passando por estranhamentos como o fato de a prática violenta ter ocorrido no seio da classe média. Há um estranhamento deste fato que advém da noção já consolidada no senso comum de que a violência é características das classes economicamente desfavorecidas. Aliado à essa trajetória das noções de infância, violência e tortura está o processo de produção da notícia, que com suas particularidades redireciona o texto jornalístico, sem contudo, desviarse da Formação Discursiva em que está inserido.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-18T18:55:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Miguel Ribeiro Pereira.pdf: 689757 bytes, checksum: d4f2677c81fb0a9444e9ca2ab0654039 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-11-19 / Cet étude objective identifier la dynamique des mouvements sociaux articulés pour le droit à non-torture. Le travail réalise une histoire social des mouvements sociaux contre la torture en Brésil, en essayant de identifier, au début, à partir de quel période historique on identifie la lutte des mouvements sociaux contre la torture. Après, on vérifie continuations et ruptures dans les divers moments historiques par que les mouvements sociaux ont passés avec cettes specifications. Finalement, on commence l étude en les particularités aperçues à travers le recours à analogie et à les evidences menées par le bibliographie et par le recherche de camp, dévelopée dans le Comité d État pour le Combat à la Torture en Maranhão. Pendant la recherche pour la caractérisation des particularités des mouvements sociaux contre la torture dans la contemporaneité on arrive au étude de la dynamique existant entre la societé et les mouvements sociaux, en essayant identifier en quelle mesure ils souffrent les influences de celles-lá et quels les possibles réflexes de cette constatation pour le succès de la lutte contre la torture. Comme specifications, finalement, on objective vérifier la validité de la categorie de la autonomie pour les mouvements sociaux que s affilient à lutte contre la torture, depuis 2002 jusqu à 2007, période sur lequel on concentre l encadrement de cette dissertation. / Este estudo objetiva identificar a dinâmica dos movimentos sociais articulados a favor do direito à não-tortura no âmbito de uma parceria com o Poder Público. O trabalho realiza uma história social dos movimentos sociais contra a tortura no Brasil, tentando verificar, inicialmente, a partir de que momento histórico se constata a luta dos movimentos sociais contra a tortura. Posteriormente, parte-se para observar continuidades e rupturas nos diversos momentos históricos pelos quais passaram os movimentos sociais com estas especificidades. Finalmente, adentra-se no estudo das particularidades percebidas através do recurso à analogia e às evidências trazidas pelo levantamento bibliográfico e pela pesquisa de campo desenvolvida no âmbito do Comitê Estadual de Combate à Tortura no Maranhão. Na busca da caracterização das particularidades dos movimentos sociais contra a tortura na contemporaneidade partese para o estudo da dinâmica existente entre a sociedade e os movimentos sociais, tentando-se vislumbrar em que medida estes sofrem influências daquela e quais os possíveis reflexos desta constatação para o êxito do enfrentamento à tortura. Como especificidade, finalmente, busca-se verificar a validade da categoria da autonomia para os movimentos sociais que se filiam à luta contra a tortura, a partir de 2002 até 2007, período sobre o qual recai o foco da presente dissertação.

Inledning: Behovet av traumabehandling till flyktingar har ökat. Psykoterapeuten blir vittne till berättelser som handlar om lidande, rädsla och smärta. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur psykoterapeuter upplever sitt arbete med behandling av krigs- och tortyrskadade flyktingar. Frågeställningar: 1. Hur upplever psykoterapeuter arbetet med krigs- och tortyrskadade flyktingar? 2. Använder sig psykoterapeuter av bemästringsstrategier för att hantera sina upplevelser i arbetet med krigs- och tortyrskadade flyktingar? Om så är fallet, vilka? Metod: Kvalitativ metod med fenomenologisk, deskriptiv ansats valdes. Fem psykoterapeuter som arbetar med krigs- och tortyrskadade flyktingar intervjuades. Resultat: Studiens resultat har en manifest del och en latent del. ”Att pendla mellan vanmakt och skapande förändring” är ett tema som representerar det underliggande, latenta budskapet, d.v.s. det som sägs ”mellan raderna” och representerar den röda tråd som finns i samtliga intervjuer. Det manifesta resultatet visar att terapeuterna upplever sitt arbete som ett privilegium och som betungande. Terapeuterna använder medvetna bemästringsstrategier för att hantera känslomässig stress. Diskussion: Terapeuternas beskrivning av sitt arbete med krigs- och tortyrskadade stämmer väl överens med tidigare forskning. Terapeuternas upplevelse av sitt arbete kan förstås genom begreppen motöverföring, projektiv identifikation, vikarierande traumatisering, sekundär traumatisk stress och posttraumatic growth. / Introduction: The need for trauma treatment for refugees has increased. The psychotherapist testifies to stories that concern suffering, fear and pain. The purpose of this study is to investigate how psychotherapists experience their work in dealing with war and torture injured refugees. Research questions: How do psychotherapists experience the work of war and torture injured refugees? Are psychotherapists using coping strategies to handle their experiences in the work of war and torture-injured refugees? If so, which? Method: Qualitative method with phenomenological, descriptive approach was chosen. Five psychotherapists working with war and torture injured refugees were interviewed. Results: ”Oscillating between powerlessness and creative change" is a theme that represents the underlying latent message, what is said "between the lines" and represents the red thread found in all the interviews. The manifest results show that the therapists experience their work as a privilege and as burdensome. The therapists use conscious coping strategies to deal with emotional stress. Discussion: The therapists' description of their work on war and torture injured is in line with previous research. Therapists' experience of their work can be understood by the concepts of transference, projective identification, vicarious traumatization, secondary traumatic stress and posttraumatic growth.

Governmental sovereignty is created and maintained by mutual respect for the rule of law by the government and citizens. To maintain legitimacy, a government must act within the bounds of the contract that created it. Otherwise, the relationship founded by said contract would be nullified, as would the duties and obligations that flow from that relationship. Torture exemplifies an ultra vires act used by the United States to show the consequences of over-extended authority on political legitimacy and the rule of law. Founded on the philosophies of Hugo Grotius, Thomas Hobbes, and Christine Korsgaard, this research investigates the nature of a government, its authority, and the laws that it must obey. By considering the role of a government as an artificial man or a representative agent, I argue that regardless of the limits or lack thereof for governmental power, the self-interest of a government illegalizes any action that violates its founding documents. If a government does commit such an act, the rule of law is negatively affected, and political legitimacy and authority are damaged. This behavior, when repeated and unamended, will destroy the relationship between the people and their government, diminish the contract, and return the people to a state of nature.

No description available.

Thèse en cotutelle : Université Laval, Québec, Canada et Université de Bordeaux, Talence, France / Dans l'ordre juridique international, les organes de protection des droits de la personne sont de nature différente, indépendants et non hiérarchisés. Le phénomène du dialogue juridictionnel est une pratique spontanée qui consiste pour un organe de protection à intégrer dans le processus d'interprétation d'une disposition donnée, des éléments étrangers à son système, qu'il s'agisse de décisions ou d'instruments de protection émanant d'autres organes. Dans cette étude, le dialogue est illustré avec la jurisprudence interprétée à l'aide de ces éléments extrasystémiques en matière de prohibition de la torture et autres peines ou traitements cruels inhumains ou dégradants. Cette interdiction est à la croisée du droit international des droits de l'Homme, du droit international humanitaire et du droit international pénal. Ainsi, les éventuelles violations peuvent engager, de manière complémentaire, la responsabilité internationale de l'État et la responsabilité pénale individuelle. Le dialogue jurisprudentiel est envisagé comme une technique interprétative permettant d'aboutir à des interprétations communes du contenu, du sens et de la portée de cette interdiction bien que ces interprétations partagées puissent être extensives ou restrictives. En effet, le dialogue permettra de mettre parfois en lumière des positions internationales communes justifiant des interprétations extensives en faveur de la personne humaine. L'interprétation unanime des rapports complémentaires entre droit international des droits de l'homme et droit international humanitaire ou à l'égard de l'application extraterritoriale des traités de protection des droits de l'homme a un impact sur les rapports entre systèmes juridiques et entre ordres juridiques. L'extraterritorialité élargit les espaces protégés par des instruments conventionnels, en contribuant ainsi à un renforcement de la perméabilité entre les normes internationales de protection des droits de la personne et une concrétisation de leur intérdépendance matérielle. Toutefois, le dialogue sera parfois un instrument d'éclairage des positions divergentes découlant de l'absence de consensus dans l'ordre juridique international. C'est le cas lorsqu'il sera question de déterminer précisément les effets d'une norme impérative qui se heurte à la règle des immunités en droit international. L'étude interroge l'étendue et la teneur du pouvoir juridictionnel dans l'ordre juridique international ainsi que sa capacité à aboutir à une convergence normative en matière de protection des droits de la personne, qui découle d'une convergence interprétative. La notion d'interprétation globale par contextualisation normative et systémique renvoie à la confrontation d'une disposition donnée aux autres normes internationales qui lui sont analogues et aux autres systèmes juridiques qui sont semblables au système d'origine de l'interprète, dans laquelle la disposition s'inscrit. Ainsi, il s'agit de montrer que les organes internationaux de protection des droits de la personne, malgré leur diversité, font usage de méthodes d'interprétation communes contribuant à définir le sens, la portée et le contenu des normes. Grâce au dialogue juridictionnel, ils s'inscrivent dans un processus d'autorégulation, entre autoélargissement de leur pouvoir d'interprétation et autolimitation de leur marge d'appréciation, par la confrontation aux éléments extrasystémiques. Implicitement, le dialogue joue le rôle d'un outil de régulation et de coordination qui s'impose spontanément dans la pratique interprétative des organes internationaux, contribuant à l'émergence d'un objectivisme jurisprudentiel. Ce dernier tend à s'opposer au volontarisme étatique dans un but de protection de l'ordre public international et de garantie des droits de la personne. / In the international legal order, international bodies protecting human rights are both of a different nature and independent. Indeed, a hierarchical principle of organization still remains unknown and multiple legal systems protect human rights. Judicial dialogue consists in referring to decisions or international instruments that are external sources to the system in which the international body has to exercise its power of interpretation. In this study, the example of the prohibition of torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatments will be used to illustrate this spontaneous practice. This prohibition is at the crossroads of international human rights law, of international humanitarian law and of international criminal law. Therefore, its violations can both engage the international responsibility of State and the individual criminal responsibility. Judicial dialogue is seen as an interpretive technique, allowing to reach common interpretations of the substance, the meaning and the scope of this prohibition. Nevertheless, the use of external sources does not always lead to extensive interpretations since it can also highlight disagreements in which case restrictive interpretations are inevitable. Sometimes, this spontaneous practice will show the existence of international common positions regarding certains aspects of human rights. It is the case regarding the entrenched consensus of the complementarity between international human rights law and international humanitarian law and concerning the extraterritoriality of human rights treaties. This acknowledgement expands States jurisdiction and strengthens the protection offered to the individuals, while increasing interactions between international legal systems protecting human rights and therefore showing a state of substantive interdependence. The lack of consensus in the international legal order will be the ultimate limit to constructive judicial dialogue. Indeed, the latter will emphasize divergent positions in matters of interpretation. One of the most significant examples is the trouble to determine precisely the effect of peremptory norms such as the prohibition of torture when it encounters immunities in international law. This study also questions the content of the international judiciary and its capacity to reach a normative convergence through the use of external sources that shows an interpretive convergence in the first place. The notion of global interpretation through normative and systemic interactions means confronting international legal norms which are similar, even though they were adopted separate and independent systems, in order to reach a better interpretation. This study attempts to show that even though international bodies rotecting human rights are quite different and formally independent, they tend to self-regulation by using external sources. Indeed, the spontaneous practice of judicial dialogue will allow both a process of self-limitation by referring to other sources in order to interpret a given legal provision, since it means including optional limits to the margin of appreciation. At the same time, the use of external sources will also lead to a self-expansion of the possibilities in matters of interpretation by taking into account solutions that were found by other legal interpreters in comparable legal disputes. Therefore, it appears that the international jurisprudential dialogue can both contribute to coordinate and harmonize the application and interpretation of international human rights law.

Zusammenfassung Diese Untersuchung besteht aus sechs Hauptpunkten. Nach der Einleitung (I.) zum Thema, werden unter II. verschiedene Begriffe definiert und die Inhalte gegenüber verwandten Gebieten abgegrenzt. Als dritter Hauptpunkt (III.) folgt eine Untersuchung zu den klassischen Typologien der Pflichtenkollisionen. Dieses Thema wurde in der Vergangenheit in der Theologie und Philosophie immer wieder breit diskutiert. Unter IV. werden die Pflichtenkollisionen im lukanischen Doppelwerk untersucht. Diese exegetische Analyse soll aufzeigen, wie Jesus und die Apostel solchen Situationen begegnen und damit umgegangen sind. In diesem Zusammenhang wird auch die Frage nach möglicher Schuld, als Konsequenz, untersucht. Der fünfte Hauptpunkt (V.) beschäftigt sich mit dem richtigen Verhalten in Pflichtenkollisionen. Einerseits wird die Position des Autors näher begründet und andererseits ein Vorschlag für eine Wertreihenfolge als Richtschnur im Konfliktfall angeboten. Im letzten Teil (VI.) werden die Erkenntnisse der Untersuchung auf sieben konkreten Fälle von Pflichtenkollisionen aus der Gemeinde und der Geschäftswelt praktisch angewendet. / This analysis consists of six main sections. Following the introduction of the theme (I), various terms are defined (II), and the contents are distinguished from related topics, with pertinent reasons given. The third (III) section consists of the results of my research on the classic typologies of conflicting duties. In the past, this subject has been widely discussed in the theological and philosophical circles. In the fourth (IV) section, conflicting duties are examined in light of Luke's writings. The goal of this exegetic analysis is to show how Jesus and the apostles met such situations, and how they dealt with them. In connection with this topic, the question of possible guilt, as a consequence, is researched. The fifth (V) section deals with proper behaviour toward conflicting duties. On one hand, the position of the author is established, and on the other hand a proposal is offered for a prioritization of values as a guiding principle in conflict situations. In the last section (VI), the findings of the research are applied practically to seven concrete examples of conflicting duties within the church and society. / Systematic Theology & Theological Ethics / M. Th. (Theological Ethics)

On October 1, 1990 the Rwandan Patriotic Front launched a war from and with the support of the Republic of Uganda against Rwanda. This war was accompanied by unspeakable violations of International Humanitarian Law. Both conflicting parties violated the basic rules protecting the civilian population in situations of armed conflicts. The United Nations Security Council, acting under Chapter VII of its Charter, passed resolution 955 of November 8, 1994 establishing the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda to prosecute alleged responsible of such violations. This study investigates the background of the ICTR and questions the nature of the conflict that prompted the Security Council to establish another ad hoc international criminal tribunal after the one established for the former Yugoslavia. It further inquires into its jurisprudence and reflects critically on the ICTR's approach to serious violations of IHL under Article 3 Common to the Geneva Conventions and Additional Protocol II. / Jurisprudence / LL. M. (Law)

This diploma thesis with the topic of ,,The Concept of Serious Harm in Refugee Law" had three basic objectives. The first one was to analyse single notions which belong to the concept of serious harm. The second objective was to compare the concept of serious harm under the Qualification Directive and under the Czech Asylum Act. By means of the interpretation of single notions of serious harm and the comparison of the Qualification Directive with the Czech Asylum Act, I managed to answer the question ,,who is protected by Article 15 of the Qualification Directive and the second section of paragraph 14a in the Czech Asylum Act," which was the third basic objective of this diploma thesis, and at the same time its research question. My diploma thesis is structured into 6 chapters, further it contains the list of abbreviations, the introduction, the conclusion, the list of literature, the Czech and English abstract, and key words. The first chapter deals with the evolution of the concept of serious harm since the year 2001 till the contemporary version of the Qualification Directive from the year 2011, and with the incorporation of this concept into the Czech Asylum Act. From the depiction of history of the concept of serious harm in this chapter, it resulted how uneasy it was for the member states of...