Abstract Imagery can be one of the difficulties a translator faces. It can be difficult to transfer the same image in a metaphor, simile, metaphorical adjective or a cultural reference to the target text. The aim of this study is to look at what translation strategies can be used for the translation of said imagery. The method is a quantitative analysis of the source text’s imagery types and a qualitative analysis of the translation strategies used. Since the language pair come from the same language family and have a lot of similarities in terms of culture, literal translations, equivalences and, in some cases, adaptions were suspected to be more frequent. The results show that for metaphors, similes and metaphorical adjectives literal translations were the most frequent ones, followed by equivalents carrying the same connotations, for metaphors and adjectives. Adaption, which is perhaps not really translation at all, was frequently used for the cultural references due to the target oriented approach. Omission and neutral explanations were used where the loss of information did not affect the presumed understanding of the target text reader. Transference, transposition and calque were used to some extent but not as frequent as suspected. In conclusion, when two languages are as similar as Swedish and English, a translator can go far by using literal translation or, where applicable, equivalents.

The presented diploma thesis deals with titles of films and TV serials made in anglophone countries or in their co-production, in which their titles were either translated from English to Czech, or possibly the original titles were presented to Czech viewers in original form. The thesis analyzes and classifies the structure of the original and translated titles, characterizes the linguistic means used in them and compares the two titles on the basis of the acquired knowledge. For the purpose of analyzing and comparing the titles, a corpus of titles obtained by an excerpt from the Czech-Slovak Film Database (ČSFD.cz), was created. Titles from the years 1990 to 2015 were placed into the corpus, and each year contains the same number of titles. In total, 625 titles of foreign films and TV serials which form the main corpus, and 200 titles of domestic films and TV serials which form the control corpus, were gathered. A short questionnaire illustrating title influence on viewers when choosing a film, is also part of this diploma thesis. Key words title, film, film title, film name, functions of title, translation, translation strategies, equivalency, recipient

La presente investigación abarca el campo de la traducción de cómics y novelas gráficas desde un enfoque multimodal. Es usual encontrar investigaciones que analicen los recursos lingüísticos empleados en la traducción de cómics, pero muy pocos se centran en la interdependencia del texto e imagen en la construcción de una identidad. En este caso, se busca identificar las formas de representación y autorrepresentación de la chinidad (chineseness) en las versiones fuente en francés y las versiones meta en español de las novelas gráficas Shenzhen de Guy Delisle y Une vie chinoise de Philippe Otié y Li Kunwu. Esto se dará bajo un análisis de corpus multimodal que permitirá demostrar cómo el texto y la imagen construyen este imaginario y si se mantiene la representación y autorrepresentación en las versiones traducidas, por lo que se toman en cuenta también las estrategias de traducción aplicadas. / The following study focused on the comics and graphic novels translation under a multimodal approach. There is several research that analyze linguistic resources used in comics translation, but only a few focus on the interrelation between text and image when it comes to the construction of an identity. This study will help to identify in which ways the representation and self-representation of Chineseness is presented in the source version in French and target version in Spanish of both graphic novels: Shenzhen by Guy Delisle and Une vie chinoise by Philippe Otié and Li Kunwu. A multimodal corpus analysis will be applied to demonstrate how text and image build this imaginary. Furthermore, identifying the translation strategies applied in the Spanish version will allow us to recognize if this representation and self-representation is maintained in the translations. / Trabajo de investigación

Uppsatsen behandlar översättningen av de fem första kapitlen i Rapt à Bamako, som är ett autentiskt översättningsuppdrag och som kommer att publiceras av Bokförlaget Trasten under hösten 2010. En översättningsprincip för det aktuella uppdraget har bestämts utifrån översättningens förutsättningar, bestående av teoretisk bakgrund, måltextens syfte och kontext, genomgång av referenstexter samt en stilstudie av källtexten. Det framkommer att den kontextuella och lexikala nivån var de som gav upphov till mest svårigheter under översättningsarbetet, men att en stor del av de problematiska översättningsfrågorna kunde lösas med hjälp av översättningsprincipen i fråga. / The study deals with the translation of the five first chapters of Rapt à Bamako, an authentic translation assignment which will be published by Bokförlaget Trasten during fall of 2010. Based on relevant theoretical considerations, the purpose and context of the source text, a survey of parallel texts and finally a style analysis, a translation strategy for the task was formulated. The contextual and lexical levels of the translation turned out to be the most problematic ones, but the solution to the problem could often be found in the translation strategy.

The purpose of this thesis for the degree of Master, one year, is to investigate the translation of medical information from British English into Swedish. The analysis is concerned with readability and terminology. In specific, the areas of investigation are how readability of the material compares to other studies, what translation strategies or sources a translator may use, and what kind of translation shifts the terms analyzed undergo. The source text material consists of some six thousand words from a leaflet called 10q25 and 10q26 Deletions from Unique, a charity organization based in Great Britain, which welcomes families located worldwide as members. The theory in this thesis is based on previous research within the focus areas of readability, terminology, translation strategies, and translation shifts. Examples include Frege (1948 [1892]), Ogden and Richards (1923), Flesch(1948), McLaughlin (1969), Vinay and Darbelnet (1995), Deléger et al (2010), Kolahi andShirvani (2012), and Acar and İşisağ (2017). The text material does not fulfill the professional recommendations regarding readability, which confirms observations from previous studies. Overall, there is a tendency towards an improved readability level in the translation, which contradicts one bilingual study (Kolahi and Shirvani) but partially confirms another (Acar and İşisağ). Of the terms identified for analysis, 49.4 % have been found to require translation strategies sorting under oblique translation, where the predominant method is transposition. A significantly higher number of terms have been found in term banks and corpora than indicated in a previous study.

This paper considers some of the questions posed by literary translations both from and into Swahili. While the questions a translator might address as she proceeds with each translation may be the same, their differing answers often highlight the translator’s different position towards, and history with, each target language, as well as her aesthetic and political commitments in each. The projects discussed are Mlenge Fanuel Mgendi’s comic short story Starehe gharama (Comfort is Expensive) about a young schoolboy’s misadventure on a daladala bus in Dar es Salaam and Tope Folarin’s Caine Prize shortlisted story Genesis (Mwanzo), in which two Nigerian boys living in the American Midwest witness their mother’s struggle with her new surroundings.

The metaphor is known for creating problems when it comes to translation, not only because of cultural aspects but also because of a lack of a unified terminology and theory for translation strategies. This also applies to conceptual metaphors which are the subject of analysis in this paper where an English survival guide to the Japanese culture has been translated into Swedish. As both languages are of the Germanic family, the hypothesis argues that the relation between them is noticeable in the translation work as well as a tendency towards paraphrasing due to a richer vocabulary in the source language. Regarding conceptual metaphors, the aim is to analyse if there are any correlations between the type of metaphor and the choice of translation strategy as well as what factors affects said strategies.  The results not only showed that the distribution of translation strategies supports the preferred order of priority in the background theory but also that there were very noticeable differences within the three metaphor categories. Factors affecting these results were found to differ between the categories due to the distinct differences in the metaphorical structures. These findings suggest that there indeed are correlations between the metaphor categories and their translation strategies. The closeness between the source and target languages were also found to be evident while at the same time indicating a tendency toward paraphrasing.

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This study examines the translation of hyphenated compounds from English to Swedish in a non-fiction text about fashion. The translation is performed by the author of this study, which is important to keep in mind. The aim is to evaluate the structure and function of hyphenated compounds and analyze if and what changes occur in the translation process. The quantitative analysis demonstrates that the majority of the hyphenated compounds function as adjectives in the source text, and the most frequent left-hand elements are adjectives and nouns, while the most frequent right-hand elements are nouns and -ed participles. An overview of the translation equivalents in the target text reveals compound participles, compound adjectives, and prepositional phrases as the most common structural categories. The qualitative analysis illustrates how general methods like transposition, modulation, and literal translations are necessary in order to produce appropriate translations. Furthermore, translation universals, especially in the form of explicitation and simplification, prove to be prominent strategies when translating hyphenated compounds. Explicitation is particularly evident when hyphenated compounds are rendered as postmodifying prepositional phrases, clauses, and noun phrases, while simplification is especially notable in the category of simple adjectives. In addition, a noteworthy finding that stands out compared to previous studies is how some hyphenated compounds are kept in their hyphenated form when translated, which appears to correlate with the genre of fashion writing.

This thesis explores the importance of transcreation in the translation of marketing slogans and how experience is pivotal when translating. The overall aim is to offer an insight into how professional and non-professional translators tackle translation problems in the form of rhetorical devices common to marketing language. The thesis analyses translation strategies and text functions in translations collected from participants with varying backgrounds in translation and show that participants with more experience and/or education in translation take more creative freedom in transferring the source slogans’ messages and functions. The study furthermore conducted a questionnaire with a small test group to gauge the target audience response to the collected translations. The result indicates a preference for transcreated translations over literal translations, highlighting the importance of audience awareness when translating slogans. Overall, the thesis provides insight into transcreative translation’s relevance and highlights the complexity of translation. / Denna uppsats undersöker vikten av transkreation i översättningen av reklamslogans, samt hur erfarenhet är avgörande vid översättning. Det övergripande målet är att ge en inblick i hur professionella och icke-professionella översättare hanterar översättningsproblem i form av retoriska medel som är vanligt förekommande i marknadsföringsspråk. Uppsatsen analyserar översättningsstrategier och textfunktion i översättningar som har samlats in från deltagare med olika bakgrund inom översättning och visar att deltagarna med mer erfarenhet och/eller utbildning inom översättning tar sig större kreativ frihet när de överför källsloganernas budskap och funktioner. I studien genomfördes dessutom en enkät med en liten testgrupp för att mäta målpublikens reaktion på de insamlade översättningarna. Resultatet visar att de föredrar transkreativa översättningar framför direktöversättningar, vilket understryker vikten av att vara medveten om målgruppen när man översätter slogans. Sammantaget ger avhandlingen en inblick i den transkreativa översättningens relevans samtidigt som den belyser verksamhetens komplexitet.