Tidigare forskning om lastbilschaufförers arbetsförhållanden har visat att de utsätts för ett flertal stressorer i arbetet och att de har låg kontroll över sitt arbete. Syftet med studien var att undersöka lastbilschaufförers upplevelse av stress till följd av Europeiska Kör- och vilotidslagen (KoV), hur de upplever sin arbetssituation samt bidra till att öka förståelsen kring lastbilschaufförers arbetsförhållande. Studien omfattade sex manliga lastbilschaufförer från Trestadsregionen (Uddevalla, Trollhättan, Vänersborg) som omfattades av KoV. Samtliga chaufförer hade familj med olika ålder på barn och chaufförernas yrkeserfarenhet varierade mellan 19 och 40 år. Det genomfördes en kvalitativ studie utifrån en tematisk analysmetod. Individuella intervjuer genomfördes. Deltagarna upplevde att KoV begränsade deras möjligheter att utföra sitt arbete, att lagen var oflexibel och dåligt anpassad till verksamheten, vilket de upplevde ledde till frustration, stress och känslan av maktlöshet. Studien visade att KoV bidrog till sämre arbetsförhållande och trafiksäkerhet samt att den digitala färdskrivaren var bristfällig och dåligt anpassad till verksamheten. Deltagarna saknade möjligheten till flexibilitet i KoV och att det skulle förbättra deras arbetsförhållande. Studien visade att det krävs ett vidare perspektiv än reglering av körtid, rast och vilotid för att förbättra lastbilschaufförers arbetsförhållanden. / Previous research on truck drivers working conditions has shown that they are exposed to a number of stressors at work and that they have low degree of control over their work. The aim of the study was to examine the truck drivers’ experience of stress as a result of European hours-of-service regulations (HoS), how they experience their work situation and help to increase understanding about truck drivers’ working condition. The study included six male truck drivers from the region (Uddevalla, Trollhättan, Vänersborg) covered by the HoS. All drivers had family with children of different ages and the drivers’ experience of the profession was between 19 and 40 years. A qualitative study based on a thematic analysis method was carried out. Individual interviews were conducted. Participants felt that HoS limited their ability to perform their job, that the law was inflexible and poorly adapted to the business, which they felt led to frustration, stress and feelings of powerlessness. The study showed that HoS contributed to experienced poor working conditions and road safety, and that the digital tachograph was incomplete and poorly adapted to their business. The participants missed the option of flexibility with HoS as it would improve their working relationship. The study concluded that for truck drivers to improve working conditions a broader perspective than regulations of driving time, breaks and rest periods is needed.

An Adaptive Cruise Controller (ACC) is an extension of an ordinary cruise controller. In addition to maintaining a desired set velocity, an ACC can also maintain a desired time gap to the vehicle ahead. For this end, both the engine andthe brakes are controlled. The purpose with this thesis has been to develop control strategies for an ACC used in heavy vehicles. The focus of the work has been the methods used for switching between the use of engine and brake. Two different methods have been studied, a hybrid controller and an MPC-controller. For the hybrid controller, the main contribution has been to use the influence of the surroundings on the acceleration of the truck. This consists of several parts such as wind drag, road slope and rolling resistance. The estimated influence of the surroundings is used as a switch point between the use of engine and brakes. Ideally, these switch points give bumpless actuator switches. The interest in the MPC-controller as an alternative solution was to achieve automatic actuator switching, thus with no explicitly defined switch points. The MPC-controller is based on a model of the system including bounds on the control signals. Using this knowledge, the MPC-controller will choose the correct actuator for the current driving situation. Results from simulations show that both methods solve the actuator switch problem. The advantages with the hybrid controller are that it is implementable in a truck with the hardware used today and that it is relatively simple to parameterise. A drawback is that explicit switch points between the uses of the different actuators have to be included. The advantages with the MPC-controller are that no explicit switch points have to be introduced and that constraints and time delays on signals in the system can be handled in a simple way. Among the drawbacks, it can be mentioned that the variant of MPC, used in this thesis, is too complex to implement in the control system currently used in trucks. One further important drawback is that MPC demands a mathematical model of the system.

In the past, transportation related economic analysis has considered agency related costs only. However, transportation managers are moving towards more holistic economic analysis including road user and environmental costs and benefits. In particular, transportation air pollution is causing increasing harm to health and the environment. Transport managers are now considering related emissions in transport economical analyses, and have established strategies to help meet Kyoto Protocol targets, which specified a fifteen percent reduction in Canada's emissions related to 1990 levels within 2008-2012.<p>The objectives of this research are to model heavy vehicle emissions using a emissions computer model which is able to assess various transport applications, and help improve holistic economic transport modeling. Two case studies were evaluated with the model developed.<p>Firstly, the environmental benefits of deploying weigh-in-motion systems at weigh stations to pre-sort heavy vehicles and reduce delays were assessed. The second case study evaluates alternative truck sizes and road upgrades within short heavy oilfield haul in Western Canada. <p>The model developed herein employed a deterministic framework from a sensitivity analysis across independent variables, which identified the most sensitive variables to primary field state conditions. The variables found to be significant included idling time for the weigh-in-motion case study, road stiffness and road grades for the short heavy haul oilfield case study.<p>According to this research, employing WIM at weigh stations would reduce annual Canadian transportation CO₂ emissions by nearly 228 kilo tonnes, or 1.04 percent of the Canadian Kyoto Protocol targets. Regarding direct fuel savings, WIM would save from 90 to 190 million litres of fuel annually, or between $59 and $190 million of direct operating costs.<p>Regarding the short heavy oil haul case study, increasing allowable heavy vehicle sizes while upgrading roads could decrease the annual emissions, the fuel consumption, and their associated costs by an average of 68 percent. Therefore, this could reduce each rural Saskatchewan municipality's annual CO₂ emissions from 13 to 26.7-kilo tonnes, which translates to 0.06 and 0.12 percent of the Canadian Kyoto Protocol targets or between $544,000 and $ 1.1 million annually. <p>Based on these results, the model demonstrates its functionality, and was successfully applied to two typical transportation field state applications. The model generated emissions savings results that appear to be realistic, in terms of potential Kyoto targets, as well as users cost reductions and fuel savings.

Research shows that climate changes we face today is a consequence of the increasing amounts of greenhouse gases that circulate in our atmosphere due to increased human industrial activity. Many firms and industries are therefore increasingly implementing environmental management strategies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions towards a more sustainable environment. These environmental management efforts can be broadly classified under two umbrellas which are sustainable production and sustainable consumption and these two parts need to work together in order to contribute effectively towards a more sustainable environment. The environmental management literature however reveals a gap between sustainable production and sustainable use of vehicles in the automotive industry showing that while the major global environmental impact - greenhouse gas emissions - occurs when vehicles are put to use, the environmental management efforts in the industry are skewed to the production of vehicles.An emerging trend to breach this gap is that vehicle manufacturers are providing extending services to help vehicle users minimize their greenhouse gas emissions. This study analyses the extended service packages of the global truck manufacturer, Scania, against the environmental objectives and initiatives of five road transport companies in Sweden. An exploratory case study approach was used from the perspective of the road freight transport companies to find out if extended services present suitable opportunities to extend environmental management from manufacturers to users in the road freight transport industry. The study found that the extended services provide solutions that help road freighttransport companies to achieve lower fuel consumption and lower emissions from theirvehicles. Road freight transport companies traditionally invest in environmental initiatives to gain marketing advantages but the extended services present a rare opportunity to the companies to compete on profit margins by investing in the extended services. / Market Making of a High-value Business Model in Low Cost Markets: Value Co-Creation in Swedish Industry, CeLS, Project manager: Leif-Magnus Jensen, leif-magnus.jensen@jibs.hj.se, +46 36 10 1881.

Denna rapport ingår i ett examensarbete på avancerad nivå inom ämnet produktutveckling.Arbetet innefattar en fallstudie som genomförts vid RTGA, Scania CV AB i Södertälje.Examensarbetet omfattar 30 högskolepoäng och har genomförts av undertecknad,teknologstudent från Mälardalens Högskola vårterminen 2015. Rapporten har upprättats i tvåversioner, en för Scania CV AB respektive en generell version där känslig företagsspecifikinformation har censurerats. I takt med att utvecklingen av motorprestanda fortskrider, med avseende på ökademotoreffekter samt teknikutveckling för emissionsreglering, så ökar också kravet på prestandaför kylsystem som måste klara av att kyla bort högre effekter. Fordonskombinationer medkraftfulla laddluftkylare löper dock stor risk att drabbas av utfälld kondens som fryser till is iladdluftkylaren vid låga omgivningstemperaturer. Isen medför ett tryckfall i laddluftkylarenmed prestandabortfall som följd. Scanias lösning till problematiken är en så kallad kylargardinsom syftar till att reducera kylluftflödet genom laddluftkylaren till den mån att isbildning intesker. Kylargardinen monteras manuellt av föraren framför kylarpaketet dåomgivningstemperaturen understiger 5 °C. Det finns även andra fördelar med att begränsa det yttre kylluftflödet som passerar genomkylarpaketet. Lastbilars kylsystem är i regel överdimensionerade för normala driftfall såsommotorvägskörning vilket betyder att maximal kylning inte krävs vid dessa situationer. Genomatt reducera det yttre kylluftflödet genom kylarpaketet så kan även hela fordonets totalaluftmotstånd reduceras vilket kan utnyttjas i syfte att reducera bränsleförbrukningen. För att erhålla en bra balansgång mellan aerodynamik och kylprestanda samt motverkaproblemet med isbildning i laddluftkylaren fanns därför en önskan om att en reglerbarkylartäckning skulle utvecklas för att kunna reglera kylluftflödet genom fordonets kylarpaketvid behov. Detta arbete innefattar en fallstudie där olika produktutvecklingsverktyg använts för att ta framolika konceptlösningar, anpassade för en specifik lastbil. Datorstödda flödessimuleringarutnyttjas för att utvärdera respektive verifiera konceptens funktion jämfört med olika referensmodeller. Resultatet visar bland annat att det slutgiltiga konceptets funktionsduglighet överensstämmermed den lösning som används idag samt att kylluftflödet inte påverkas nämnvärt då maximalkylkapacitet eftersträvas. Resultatet från den aerodynamiska flödessimuleringen indikerar ävenatt fordonets totala luftmotstånd kan reduceras med - Drag Counts (DC) vid hastigheten90 km/h och 0° vindriktning. Detta medför att bränsleförbrukningen i det specifika driftfallet,enligt tumregel, antas reduceras med - % för det specifika fordonet. / This report is part of a Master thesis project in the subject of Product Development. The workincludes a case study which was carried out at RTGA, Scania CV AB in Södertälje. The workcomprises 30 credits and was conducted by a student from Mälardalen University during thespring semester 2015. The report has been prepared in two versions; one for Scania CV AB anda generalized version where sensitive company specific information has been censored. The development of vehicle engine performance progresses in a rapid pace. This progressinclude increased engine power and improved technical features for emission control. This alsogoes for the requirement on performance of cooling systems in heavy trucks, which has tohandle dissipation of the increased power. Vehicles with powerful charge air coolers however,runs a high risk of being affected by iced condensation in the charge air cooler at low ambienttemperatures. The ice build-up results in a pressure drop in the charge air cooler with a loss ofengine performance as a consequence. Scania's solution to the problem is a so called radiatorblind designed to reduce the cooling air flow through the charge air cooler to the extent thatice build-up does not occur. The blind is mounted manually in front of the cooler package whenthe ambient temperature is expected to be below 5 °C. There are also other advantages to limit the outer cooling air flow passing through the coolingpackage. The cooling systems in heavy trucks are usually oversized for normal operatingconditions such as highway cruising, which means that maximum cooling is not required inthese situations. By reducing the airflow through the cooler package, the vehicle's total airresistance is reduced, which can be utilized in order to reduce fuel consumption. To obtain a good balance between aerodynamics and cooling performance, and to counteractthe problem of ice build-up in the charge air cooler, there was a desire for an adjustable radiatorcoverage which would be able to regulate the airflow through the vehicle's cooling packagewhen needed. This work includes a case study in which various product development tools are used toinvestigate different concept solutions, designated for a specific truck model. Computationalfluid dynamics (CFD) are used to evaluate and validate the concept’s functionality andcomparing them to different reference models. The results reveal that the final concept functionality is consistent with the one used today, andthat the cooling air flow is not significantly affected when maximum cooling capacity is strivedfor. The results of the aerodynamic flow simulation also indicate that the vehicle's total airresistance can be reduced by - Drag Counts (DC) at the speed of 90 km/h and 0° yaw angle.This means that fuel consumption in the specific operating case, as rule of thumb, is assumedto be reduced by - % for the specific vehicle.

This thesis is an ethnological study of the truck-driver profession and an examination of the prerequisites for sexual equality and diversity in the haulage branch. The aim is to: from a cultural perspective, with a special focus on gender and masculinity, study truck-drivers as an occupational group. A main question deals with male dominance within the haulage business. What supports this dominance and what possibilities exist for change? The cultural phenomena within the trucking business are analysed with a particular focus on class. The collective idea, that I found among truck-drivers and haulage firm owners, of a kind of self-imposed “underdog identity’* is important to my analyses. Within the group, however, disloyal competition is widespread. The employment process for drivers is built on responsibility. The driver must prove himself sufficiently reliable before the employer will hand over responsibility for truck, cargo and the assignment itself. Since those who lack the collectively accepted indicators of competence/responsibility have difficulty gaining employment, a kind of “catch 22” situation is created, which is reinforced by the truck-drivers’ “underdog identity”. Those who share the values and outer features with the majority receive considerable advantages in the employment process,which adds to what is already a widespread male dominance and strengthens the cultural homogeneity. The truck-drivers* relationship to freedom forms a “key symbol” in the analysis. The Swedish haulage branch is investigated using Yvonne Hirdman’s gender contract, which makes visible how perceptions of masculinity have been given normative status within the haulage business. Another theme in the analysis is the “masculine manuscript” — embodied by a wellbehaved and reliable, middle-aged, white (Swedish), heterosexual man with a working class upbringing. The manuscript functions as a kind of ideal with which drivers are compared. Those who fit the manuscript are afforded considerable advantages, above all in the recruitment process. In order to draw attention to different types of power within the haulage business, Robert W. Connels’ term hegemonic masculinity is used. With some reservations one can express the long-distance truck-driver as an ideal with hegemonic status within the context of haulage. This category of driver has considerable influence on the definition of how a “real” driver should be and on ideas of how transport work is best organised. This group of drivers is relatively small, but its symbolic influence is large. From a gender perspective, the aim is to “grapple” with the images of truck-drivers, both within and outside of the business. The attitude to the trucker myths is critical. The masculinity ideal of the trucker myth is about the right to seek personal freedom and to live exclusively in and for the truck. Possible explanations for the interest in truck-drivers are discussed with the help of the concept of “masculinity crisis” and George L. Mosses* figure of thought: “the male stereotype”. / <p>Diss. Umeå : Univ., 2003</p> / digitalisering@umu

Autonomous features in vehicles is already a big part of the automobile area and now many companies are looking for ways to make vehicles fully autonomous. Autonomous vehicles need to get information about the surrounding environment. The information is extracted from exteroceptive sensors and today vehicles often use laser scanners for this purpose. Laser scanners are very expensive and fragile, it is therefore interesting to investigate if cheaper radar sensors could be used. One big challenge when it comes to autonomous vehicles is to be able to use the exteroceptive sensors and extract a position of the vehicle and at the same time get a map of the environment. The area of Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) is a well explored area when using laser scanners but is not that well explored when using radars. It has been investigated if it is possible to use radar sensors on a truck to create a map of the area where the truck drives. The truck has been equipped with ego-motion sensors and radars and the data from them has been fused together to get a position of the truck and to get a map of the surrounding environment, i.e. a SLAM algorithm has been implemented. The map is represented by an Occupancy Grid Map (OGM) which should only consist of static objects. The OGM is updated probabilistically by using a binary Bayes filter. To localize the truck with help of motion sensors an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) is used together with a map and a scan match method. All these methods are put together to create a SLAM algorithm. A range rate filter method is used to filter out noise and non-static measurements from the radar. The results of this thesis show that it is possible to use radar sensors to create a map of a truck's surroundings. The quality of the map is considered to be good and details such as space between parked trucks, signs and light posts can be distinguished. It has also been proven that methods with low performance on their own can together with other methods work very well in the SLAM algorithm. Overall the SLAM algorithm works well but when driving in unexplored areas with a low number of objects problems with positioning might occur. A real time system has also been implemented and the map can be seen at the same time as the truck is manoeuvred.

Thesis (M.S.)--Ohio State University, 2008. / Title from first page of PDF file. Includes bibliographical references (p. 153-154).

Esta tese considera caminhoneira a mulher que, para além de ser motorista de caminhão, opta por trabalhar com rotas longas. Desenvolvemos a problemática da elaboração da identidade de gênero no trabalho por parte da caminhoneira, especialmente do ponto de vista das características de uma atividade itinerante. A carona é a parte constituinte de uma pesquisa etnográfica, que visa à participação ativa da pesquisadora nas viagens da caminhoneira e à participação das caminhoneiras enquanto locutoras desta realidade a ser descoberta, o que é característico da observação participante. A entrada da mulher no mercado de trabalho e, recentemente, sua ocupação em trabalhos ainda considerados masculinizados nos leva à emergente produção de outro olhar sobre os fenômenos. A identidade é vista a partir do entendimento pós-moderno de S. Hall relacionado com a noção de identificação, diferença e différance, a fim de pensar a realidade da caminhoneira de modo articulado com sua rotina itinerante, por ser vista pelo outros enquanto desviante. É visto que a mulher incorpora ações consideradas masculinizadas para ser aceita em um grupo em sua maioria masculino, mas, ao mesmo tempo, busca enfatizar sua feminilidade ali colocada em questão. Gênero no trabalho é tratado a partir de A. Hochschild e E. Souza-Lobo, a fim de evidenciar elementos que emanam dos formatos de legitimação dos papéis e identidades sociais solidificados na atualidade. As distinções de sexo e gênero são feitas com base em L. Nicholson e A. Piscitelli, que contribuem acerca da proposição de categorias de gênero descritivas e analíticas. Ainda, A. Brah, que percorre historicamente os conceitos de diferença, diversidade e diferenciação, sobretudo através do ponto de vista das intersecções de raça e etnia e a crítica feminista à biologia do sexo de M. Hird, que desconstrói o mito de suposta vantagem de força física. Utilizamos a compreensão de não-lugares de M. Augé para tratar da transitoriedade característica da ocupação, já que os resultados apontam para o desenrolar de uma identidade de fronteira. Por se tratar de uma profissão que é considerada masculina – no sentido de ser algo incomum à prática das mulheres, elencamos aspectos do estigma e dos disfarces. Abordamos a temática do trabalho através dos processos de trabalho e a perspectiva da organização, disciplina e divisão do trabalho, como M. Perrot e J. Neffa. Um entendimento das hierarquias, dos poderes e da divisão sexista do trabalho proposta, entre outros, por Bourdieu, e as formas de subjetivação – sentidos e sofrimentos, são abordados pela perspectiva teórica de R. Antunes e de C. Dejours, onde enfatizamos a maternidade como principal entrave à continuidade da mulher na atividade de caminhoneira. Contudo, há indícios de outras formas de organização familiar que mostram não só a entrada da mulher na atividade do marido, mas a saída dele, junto com a mulher, no momento da maternidade. Por fim, destacamos que, embora a mulher esteja conquistando novos espaços de trabalho, as relações hierárquicas e de poder se reorganizam no interior das instituições, criando novas relações de gênero, mas não menos desiguais. / This thesis considers female truck driver the women who, besides being truck drivers, choose to work long routes. The problem of setting up gender identity in the workplace was developed by analyzing the female truck driver, especially from the point of view of the characteristics of an itinerant activity. Riding along is a constituent part of an ethnographic research, which aims at the researcher’s active participation in the female trucker’s journeys and the participation of the female truck drivers as a voice to be heard over this reality to be discovered, which is typical of participant observation. Women’s entry into the job market and, recently, women’s occupation in jobs still considered meant for man, leads us to the emerging production of a new point of view on the phenomena. Identity is seen from the postmodern understanding of S. Hall related to the notion of identity, difference and différance in order to see the female truck drivers’ reality connected with their itinerant routine, seen by others as odd. It is observed that women embody actions considered masculine in order to be accepted in a group, in its majority composed by men, but at the same time, they seek to emphasize their femininity, which is called into question. Gender in the workplace is handled from A. Hochschild and E. Souza-Lobo, in favor of highlighting elements that emanate from the legitimation formats of social roles and identities which are solidified nowadays. The distinctions of sex and gender are made based on L. Nicholson and A. Piscitelli, who contribute on the proposition of descriptive and analytical gender categories. Also, A. Brah, who historically covers the concepts of difference, diversity and differentiation, particularly through the point of view of race and ethnicity intersections and the feminist criticism towards the biology of sex of M. Hird, who deconstructs the myth of supposed physical strength advantage. M. Augé's understanding of non-places was used to address the transience quality of occupation, since the results point to the development of a marginal identity. Because it is a profession considered masculine—in the sense of being something unusual to the practice of women, aspects of stigma and disguises were listed. The issue of work is addressed through the work processes and the perspective of the organization, discipline and division of labor, as in M. Perrot and J. Neffa. An understanding of the hierarchies, the powers and the sexist division of labor proposed, among others, by Bourdieu, and forms of subjectivation - senses and suffering, are covered by the theoretical perspective of R. Antunes and C. Dejours where motherhood is emphasized as the main obstacle to the continuity of women in the truck driving activity. However, there is evidence of other forms of family organization that show not only the women's entry into the husband's activity, but his leaving with his wife when motherhood comes. At last, it is pointed out that although women are conquering new workspaces, hierarchical and power relations are reorganized within the institutions, creating new gender relations, but no less unequal. / Esta tesis considera camionera a la mujer que, además de ser motorista de camión, opta por trabajar con rutas largas. Desenvolvemos la problemática de la elaboración de la identidad de género en el trabajo por parte de la camionera, especialmente del punto de vista de las características de una actividad itinerante. El aventón es la parte constituyente de una pesquisa etnográfica, que visa la participación activa de la investigadora en los viajes de la camionera y la participación de las camioneras en cuanto a locutoras de esta realidad a ser descubierta, lo que es característico de la observación participante. La entrada de la mujer en el mercado de trabajo es, recientemente, su ocupación en trabajos aún considerados masculinizados, nos lleva a una emergente producción de otra visión sobre los fenómenos. La identidad es vista a partir del entendimiento pos-moderno de S. Hall relacionado con la noción de identificación, diferencia y différance, con el objetivo de pensar la realidad de la camionera de modo articulado con su rutina itinerante, por ser vista por los otros en cuanto desviante. Es visto que la mujer incorpora acciones consideradas masculinizadas para ser acepta en un grupo, en su mayoría masculino, pero, al mismo tiempo, busca enfatizar su femineidad colocada en cuestión. Género en el trabajo es tratado a partir de A. Hochschild y E. Souza-Lobo, a fin de evidenciar elementos que emanan de los formatos de legitimación de los papeles e identidades sociales solidificadas en la actualidad. Las distinciones de sexo y género son hechas con base en L. Nicholson y A. Piscitelli, que contribuyen acerca de la proposición de categorías de género descriptivas y analíticas. Aún, A. Brah, que transcurre históricamente los conceptos de diferencia, diversidad y diferenciación, sobre todo a través del punto de vista de las intersecciones de raza y etnia, y la crítica feminista la biología del sexo de M. Hird, que reconstruye el mito de supuesta ventaja de fuerza física. Utilizamos la comprensión de no-lugares de M. Augé para tratar de la transitoriedad característica de la ocupación, ya que los resultados apuntan para el descubrir de una identidad de frontera. Por tratarse de una profesión que es considerada masculina – en el sentido de ser algo poco común la práctica de las mujeres, enumeramos aspectos del estigma y de los disfraces. Abordamos la temática del trabajo a través de los procesos de trabajo y la perspectiva de la organización, disciplina y división del trabajo, como M. Perrot y J. Neffa. Un entendimiento de las jerarquías, de los poderes y de la división sexista del trabajo propuesta, entre otros, por Bourdieu, y las formas de subjetivación – sentidos y sufrimientos, son abordados por la perspectiva teórica de R. Antunes y de C. Dejours, donde enfatizamos la maternidad como principal obstáculo a la continuidad de la mujer en la actividad de camionera. Con todo, hay indicios de otras formas de organización familiar que muestran no solo la entrada de la mujer en la actividad del marido, pero la salida de él, junto con la mujer, en el momento de la maternidad. Por fin, destacamos que, aunque la mujer esté conquistando nuevos espacios de trabajo, las relaciones jerárquicas y de poder se re-organizan en el interior de las instituciones, creando nuevas relaciones de género, pero no menos desiguales.

Esta tese considera caminhoneira a mulher que, para além de ser motorista de caminhão, opta por trabalhar com rotas longas. Desenvolvemos a problemática da elaboração da identidade de gênero no trabalho por parte da caminhoneira, especialmente do ponto de vista das características de uma atividade itinerante. A carona é a parte constituinte de uma pesquisa etnográfica, que visa à participação ativa da pesquisadora nas viagens da caminhoneira e à participação das caminhoneiras enquanto locutoras desta realidade a ser descoberta, o que é característico da observação participante. A entrada da mulher no mercado de trabalho e, recentemente, sua ocupação em trabalhos ainda considerados masculinizados nos leva à emergente produção de outro olhar sobre os fenômenos. A identidade é vista a partir do entendimento pós-moderno de S. Hall relacionado com a noção de identificação, diferença e différance, a fim de pensar a realidade da caminhoneira de modo articulado com sua rotina itinerante, por ser vista pelo outros enquanto desviante. É visto que a mulher incorpora ações consideradas masculinizadas para ser aceita em um grupo em sua maioria masculino, mas, ao mesmo tempo, busca enfatizar sua feminilidade ali colocada em questão. Gênero no trabalho é tratado a partir de A. Hochschild e E. Souza-Lobo, a fim de evidenciar elementos que emanam dos formatos de legitimação dos papéis e identidades sociais solidificados na atualidade. As distinções de sexo e gênero são feitas com base em L. Nicholson e A. Piscitelli, que contribuem acerca da proposição de categorias de gênero descritivas e analíticas. Ainda, A. Brah, que percorre historicamente os conceitos de diferença, diversidade e diferenciação, sobretudo através do ponto de vista das intersecções de raça e etnia e a crítica feminista à biologia do sexo de M. Hird, que desconstrói o mito de suposta vantagem de força física. Utilizamos a compreensão de não-lugares de M. Augé para tratar da transitoriedade característica da ocupação, já que os resultados apontam para o desenrolar de uma identidade de fronteira. Por se tratar de uma profissão que é considerada masculina – no sentido de ser algo incomum à prática das mulheres, elencamos aspectos do estigma e dos disfarces. Abordamos a temática do trabalho através dos processos de trabalho e a perspectiva da organização, disciplina e divisão do trabalho, como M. Perrot e J. Neffa. Um entendimento das hierarquias, dos poderes e da divisão sexista do trabalho proposta, entre outros, por Bourdieu, e as formas de subjetivação – sentidos e sofrimentos, são abordados pela perspectiva teórica de R. Antunes e de C. Dejours, onde enfatizamos a maternidade como principal entrave à continuidade da mulher na atividade de caminhoneira. Contudo, há indícios de outras formas de organização familiar que mostram não só a entrada da mulher na atividade do marido, mas a saída dele, junto com a mulher, no momento da maternidade. Por fim, destacamos que, embora a mulher esteja conquistando novos espaços de trabalho, as relações hierárquicas e de poder se reorganizam no interior das instituições, criando novas relações de gênero, mas não menos desiguais. / This thesis considers female truck driver the women who, besides being truck drivers, choose to work long routes. The problem of setting up gender identity in the workplace was developed by analyzing the female truck driver, especially from the point of view of the characteristics of an itinerant activity. Riding along is a constituent part of an ethnographic research, which aims at the researcher’s active participation in the female trucker’s journeys and the participation of the female truck drivers as a voice to be heard over this reality to be discovered, which is typical of participant observation. Women’s entry into the job market and, recently, women’s occupation in jobs still considered meant for man, leads us to the emerging production of a new point of view on the phenomena. Identity is seen from the postmodern understanding of S. Hall related to the notion of identity, difference and différance in order to see the female truck drivers’ reality connected with their itinerant routine, seen by others as odd. It is observed that women embody actions considered masculine in order to be accepted in a group, in its majority composed by men, but at the same time, they seek to emphasize their femininity, which is called into question. Gender in the workplace is handled from A. Hochschild and E. Souza-Lobo, in favor of highlighting elements that emanate from the legitimation formats of social roles and identities which are solidified nowadays. The distinctions of sex and gender are made based on L. Nicholson and A. Piscitelli, who contribute on the proposition of descriptive and analytical gender categories. Also, A. Brah, who historically covers the concepts of difference, diversity and differentiation, particularly through the point of view of race and ethnicity intersections and the feminist criticism towards the biology of sex of M. Hird, who deconstructs the myth of supposed physical strength advantage. M. Augé's understanding of non-places was used to address the transience quality of occupation, since the results point to the development of a marginal identity. Because it is a profession considered masculine—in the sense of being something unusual to the practice of women, aspects of stigma and disguises were listed. The issue of work is addressed through the work processes and the perspective of the organization, discipline and division of labor, as in M. Perrot and J. Neffa. An understanding of the hierarchies, the powers and the sexist division of labor proposed, among others, by Bourdieu, and forms of subjectivation - senses and suffering, are covered by the theoretical perspective of R. Antunes and C. Dejours where motherhood is emphasized as the main obstacle to the continuity of women in the truck driving activity. However, there is evidence of other forms of family organization that show not only the women's entry into the husband's activity, but his leaving with his wife when motherhood comes. At last, it is pointed out that although women are conquering new workspaces, hierarchical and power relations are reorganized within the institutions, creating new gender relations, but no less unequal. / Esta tesis considera camionera a la mujer que, además de ser motorista de camión, opta por trabajar con rutas largas. Desenvolvemos la problemática de la elaboración de la identidad de género en el trabajo por parte de la camionera, especialmente del punto de vista de las características de una actividad itinerante. El aventón es la parte constituyente de una pesquisa etnográfica, que visa la participación activa de la investigadora en los viajes de la camionera y la participación de las camioneras en cuanto a locutoras de esta realidad a ser descubierta, lo que es característico de la observación participante. La entrada de la mujer en el mercado de trabajo es, recientemente, su ocupación en trabajos aún considerados masculinizados, nos lleva a una emergente producción de otra visión sobre los fenómenos. La identidad es vista a partir del entendimiento pos-moderno de S. Hall relacionado con la noción de identificación, diferencia y différance, con el objetivo de pensar la realidad de la camionera de modo articulado con su rutina itinerante, por ser vista por los otros en cuanto desviante. Es visto que la mujer incorpora acciones consideradas masculinizadas para ser acepta en un grupo, en su mayoría masculino, pero, al mismo tiempo, busca enfatizar su femineidad colocada en cuestión. Género en el trabajo es tratado a partir de A. Hochschild y E. Souza-Lobo, a fin de evidenciar elementos que emanan de los formatos de legitimación de los papeles e identidades sociales solidificadas en la actualidad. Las distinciones de sexo y género son hechas con base en L. Nicholson y A. Piscitelli, que contribuyen acerca de la proposición de categorías de género descriptivas y analíticas. Aún, A. Brah, que transcurre históricamente los conceptos de diferencia, diversidad y diferenciación, sobre todo a través del punto de vista de las intersecciones de raza y etnia, y la crítica feminista la biología del sexo de M. Hird, que reconstruye el mito de supuesta ventaja de fuerza física. Utilizamos la comprensión de no-lugares de M. Augé para tratar de la transitoriedad característica de la ocupación, ya que los resultados apuntan para el descubrir de una identidad de frontera. Por tratarse de una profesión que es considerada masculina – en el sentido de ser algo poco común la práctica de las mujeres, enumeramos aspectos del estigma y de los disfraces. Abordamos la temática del trabajo a través de los procesos de trabajo y la perspectiva de la organización, disciplina y división del trabajo, como M. Perrot y J. Neffa. Un entendimiento de las jerarquías, de los poderes y de la división sexista del trabajo propuesta, entre otros, por Bourdieu, y las formas de subjetivación – sentidos y sufrimientos, son abordados por la perspectiva teórica de R. Antunes y de C. Dejours, donde enfatizamos la maternidad como principal obstáculo a la continuidad de la mujer en la actividad de camionera. Con todo, hay indicios de otras formas de organización familiar que muestran no solo la entrada de la mujer en la actividad del marido, pero la salida de él, junto con la mujer, en el momento de la maternidad. Por fin, destacamos que, aunque la mujer esté conquistando nuevos espacios de trabajo, las relaciones jerárquicas y de poder se re-organizan en el interior de las instituciones, creando nuevas relaciones de género, pero no menos desiguales.