Flykt i hög hastighet genom stadens raviner och klipplandskap, i en hängande berg-och-dalbanevagn med fötterna dinglande över stadslivet påverkas stadsuppfattningen av det visuella flödet. Hela tiden växlande g-krafter, ett lätt sommarregn och vinden i håret gör stadsupplevelsen fysisk på riktigt. Stockholms landmärken är välbekanta, där de glider i och ur synfältet, men ändå inte. Folk på marken tittar på dig, skrattar. Där! Visst var det din gamla fysiklärare i gathörnet? Borta! Projektet beskriver en berg-och-dalbana i Stockholms City. Banan förbinder Sergels Torg med Stureplan via loopar och svängar över tak, mellan hus, i gränder, över Kungsgatan och stannar till på ett par andra platser. Syftet är flerfaldigt; erbjuda en för storstäder unik typ av sightseeing, skapa möjlighet till den hisnande omedelbara glädjen som bara kan uppstå när kroppen utsätts för kontrollerade g-krafter, vara ett dekorativt slingrande fackverk med organiska stolpar i en hård stadsmiljö och frigöra de krafter som kan uppstå när människan möter staden på ett oväntat sätt. Som en del av projektet har ett flertal digitala verktyg utvecklats för att formge, analysera och simulera en rolig och njutbar berg-och-dalbanefärd. För generering av strukturens form, utifrån åkturens och stadens förutsättningar. För visualiseringar med planer, sektioner, animationer, bl.a. annat via kopplingar till karttjänster på internet. / Flying along the city canyons at high velocity, sitting in an inverted coaster car with feet dangling above the street life, the optical flow alters your visual perception of the city. Constantly changing g-forces, a light rain and the wind in your hair makes the city experience physical. The landmarks of Stockholm are recognized as they enter and exit your field of view, but they feel different. People look at you, laughing. There! Wasn’t that your old physics teacher at the street corner? Gone! The project describes a roller coaster in the CBD of Stockholm, Sweden. The circuit connects Sergels Torg with Stureplan, going through loops and turns, over roofs, between facades, into alleys, along Kungsgatan, making stops at a couple of other places. The purpose is manifold; to provide a unique type of city sightseeing, create an opportunity to experience the specific and immediate happiness that only an abundance of controlled g-forces can give you, to be a decorative, clinging and surprising space truss with organic steel pylons in an otherwise hard city environment, and to release the powers that can ignite, when people get to meet the city in unexpected ways. Part of the project has been the development of a digital toolset to design, analyse and simulate a fun and pleasant roller coaster ride, to generate the geometry of the space truss and pylons, based on the needs of the ride and the city, and to generate plan drawings, sections, animations and connections to geographic data services on the internet.

Food security exist when every human being is able to obtain adequate food and be free from hunger. This thesis sets out to explore the moral responsibility of individuals to enhance food security in the world by their consumer choices. More specifically, this research will investigate the negative impact of the meat industry on food security in the world and whether this impact entails a moral responsibility upon individuals to reduce their meat consumption in order to enhance food security. With the capabilities approach and utilitarianism as the theoretical tools, based on the evidence and the method of argumentation, this thesis finds that consumers hold a responsibility to reduce meat consumption as it is highly detrimental to global food security, not only on a moral basis but as a matter of social justice in the world. The emphasis of reduced meat consumption should ideally be of industrially produced sources, as they have the largest impact on both food security and environmental degradation.

No description available.

I denna uppsats för jag en diskussion om huruvida Peter Singers preferensutilitarism är en hållbar moralteori för djuretik. Detta utförs genom en undersökning av kritik som riktats mot Singers teori för att sedan granska om argumenten står på en legitim grund. Det finns två argument i fokus som presenteras av Josephine Donovan och som vi kommer att se indikerar de att Singers teori faktiskt har några besvärliga element som behöver modifieras. Jag hävdar att de besvärliga delarna kan lösas av utilitarismens komplexitet. I den sista delen av uppsatsen presenterar jag en möjlig hybridteori som inkluderar delar från både Donovans teori och aspekter från den indirekta utilitarismen. / In this essay I present a discussion regarding if Peter Singer's preference utilitarianism is a tenable moral theory for animal ethics. This is done through an examination of criticism directed at Singer's theory and then examining whether the arguments stand on a legitimate basis. There are two arguments in focus presented by Josephine Donovan and as we will see they will indicate that Singer's theory does in fact have some troublesome elements that needs modification. I argue that the troublesome elements may be solved by the complexity of utilitarianism. In the final part of the essay I present a possible hybrid theory that includes parts from both Donovan's theory and aspects from the indirect utilitarianism.

Save the Children Fund (SCF) was at its foundation in 1919 a value-driven organization. The values, or guiding principles, of the founding generation are the lens through which I look at the history of SCF, and the associated histories of war and peace, human rights and NGO-state relations. These guiding principles are identified as universalism, utilitarianism and optimistic pacificism. They can be understood as a paradigm to which the social community which made up the founding generation of SCF gave their assent. The first chapter locates the founding generation within the political culture of the anti-war movement. Succeeding chapters detail the metamorphosis of SCIF from a'contentious social movement into a respectable national organization. As soon as the organization adopted a national rather than a universal orientation, the coordinates of all its guiding principles shifted. In particular the optimistic pacificism of the founding generation was replaced by pessimistic defencism. It was not until after the Cold War that SCIF began to realign itself with its original guiding principles. The three guiding principles are found to be of continuing relevance. Universalism has been reasserted as a positive creed leading SCF to seize political opportunities to reach out to children from all sides. The organization has adopted a utilitarian perspective that affirms the dynamic role of young people in generating their own futures. Lastly, the primacy attached to peace by war-affected people has underlined SCFs urgent mission to uphold an optimistic belief in the possibility of peace. / Vera Steele Studentship in Peace Research

This study examines ethical decision-making processes as practiced by the cultural mythic hero of our time: the superhero. This study conducts a rhetorical narrative analysis of three key superhero films (The Dark Knight, Captain America: Civil War, Avengers: Infinity War) to locate moments when superhero characters make ethical decisions. The study evaluates their decision-making process using three ethical frameworks selected for their popularity in ethics courses as well as their relevance to the subject material; deontology, virtue ethics, and utilitarianism. Superheroes are famous for doing ‘the right thing’, and the purpose of this study is to determine to what degree these films function as an ethics education tool for the public which consumes them. In other words: do these films have a potential to instruct the viewer in answering ‘what is right’? This study looks closely at the ethical decision-making process in superhero films and determines the ways in which superhero films may indicate a potential for teaching ethical theory when these characters make the moral decisions for which they are famed. This study determined that utilitarianism and virtue ethics are both highly visible in superhero films, but rather than serving as a medium for learning, these films build and glorify a cult of personality. Ultimately, these films create messages which encourage the viewer to blindly accept ethical decisions made by the powerful, and to tolerate – and even crave – a tyrannical ruler. Because of the cultural impact these films have, a propagandistic message like this reaches millions of people, and it is vital to understand what the contents of that message are. / Media & Communication

Traditionally, John Stuart Mill has been described as a transitional thinker who fails to fully understand the values he espouses. Critics contend that he cannot simultaneously espouse both utility maximization and the protection of individual choice-making as a non-trumpable value. Like his moral philosophy, Mill’s political thought is also rejected for interspersing, seemingly at random, elements of utilitarianism with concerns about respecting individual choice-making. More recent attempts to bring Mill’s commitment to utilitarianism into line with his respect for individual choice-making are not wholly successful. In this thesis, I offer an interpretation of Mill’s moral philosophy which reconciles the tension between utility maximization and respect for individual choice-making as a non-trumpable value. In addition, I argue that my interpretation of Mill’s moral philosophy also allows us to interpret his political thought. / Master of Arts

This paper addresses a utilitarian perspective on the following moral dilemma (the SNR dilemma): if two states share a natural resource, what moral obligations does one state have towards the other population regarding the use of the shared natural resource? I assert that there are two intuitive moral claims that will generate the intuitive verdict (the IV) regarding the SNR dilemma: (1) A moral obligation towards other populations and (2) a state’s (and its population’s) right to territory and its natural resources. The IV reasonably takes both moral claims into consideration, and a moral theory that does not appear to be able to respond to both moral claims is in a position of weakness compared to those theories which are able. I argue that utilitarianism is in an apparent position of weakness in this way. I then use the conflict between Egypt and Ethiopia over the Nile as an example of the SNR dilemma. A claim that utilitarianism can deal with the SNR dilemma in two distinct ways is presented: (i) under the assumption that independent states maximize utility, and (ii) under the assumption that a world government maximizes utility. I deem both alternative utilitarian arguments to deal with the SNR dilemma, but view (i) as superior as it operates in the status quo. I answer three objections: one concerning the worry that utilitarianism does not respect both intuitive moral claims in all scenarios, one questioning whether utilitarianism actually fails to respond to one of the intuitive moral claims, and one concerning the relevancy and value of showing that utilitarianism can reach the IV in a non-instrumental way. I conclude that utilitarianism is well equipped to deal with the SNR dilemma, either by generating the IV or by eliminating the SNR dilemma.

No description available.

本論文旨在從功利主義哲學的脈絡下來探討詹姆士彌爾的政治思想。 第一章檢閱過去研究彌爾思想的文獻，並提出問題意識，及本研究的焦點。 第二章著重討論彌爾的哲學面向。彌爾從人性論的角度出發，假設人對權力有高度的欲求，反映在政治上就會產生壓制他人的情形。此外，彌爾也假定人性具有可變異的特質，這是由於人具有觀念聯想的能力。他認為透過教育，可以將人性當中想要壓制他人的傾向導向為整體社群謀求利益，這個寄望便放在菁英的身上。唯有透過菁英，才能夠追求最大多數人的最大幸福。 第三章把焦點放在彌爾的政治理論面向。彌爾的政治關懷的起點在於批判已經無法保障人民的英國憲政傳統。彌爾認為保障人民的權利才是政府的目的。在彌爾理想的代議政府當中，人民具備選舉權可以牽制代表的行動。另一方面，由於代表是受過量好教育的菁英，因此必能以公共利益作為政治行動的主要考量。唯有透過代議政府，才能夠使統治者和被統治者的利益一致，進而保障人民的權利。 第四章把彌爾與邊沁及約翰彌爾進行理論上的比較。指出邊沁似乎沒有像彌爾那樣強調菁英在代議政府當中所扮演的關鍵角色。至於約翰彌爾，則比彌爾更強調，透過政治參與的過程來達成教育人民的效果，以提升整體民主的品質。 第五章將指出彌爾的政治思想在當代意義當中的貢獻。