Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T15:04:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sara Fleury Lobo.pdf: 856033 bytes, checksum: 839f02c09b0c18b9e0d0ef2972bd5d74 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-03-24 / Episiotomy is a surgical incision made on the vulvar area at the time of the expulsion of the fetus. It is one of the most common procedures in obstetrics, second only to the clamping and cutting of the umbilical cord. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the performance of episiotomy and its association with maternal and neonatal changes. The study population consisted of pregnant women undergoing vaginal delivery in two public maternity hospitals in the city of Goiânia, state of Goiás, Brazil, between June 2007 and May 2008. Data was collected from medical records. A total of 1,129 medical records were reviewed. Episiotomy was performed in 57.55% (n = 636) of all vaginal deliveries and in 83.7% (n = 325) of primiparous deliveries. The rate of episiotomy was higher than the average 30% recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). A statistically significant association was found between episiotomy and primiparity (p<0.001). There was no association between episiotomy performance and maternal (p<0.19) and/or neonatal changes (p<0.622). No association was seen between episiotomy technique (midline or mediolateral) and risk of laceration (p=0.663), although data suggest an association between episiotomy and increased risk of severe laceration (p<0.001). The rate of episiotomy was similar in both hospitals studied. The results of this study confirm indiscriminate performance of episiotomy and point to the need of strategies to reduce it. / A episiotomia é uma incisão cirúrgica realizada na região da vulva, no momento da expulsão do concepto. É um dos procedimentos mais comuns em obstetrícia, sendo superado apenas pelo corte e pinçamento do cordão umbilical. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o uso da episiotomia e sua associação com as alterações maternas e neonatais em duas maternidades públicas na cidade de Goiânia, Goiás. A população constituiu-se de parturientes submetidas ao parto normal, no período de junho de 2007 a maio de 2008, mediante revisão dos prontuários. Foram analisados 1.129 prontuários. A episiotomia foi utilizada em 57,55% (n=636) de todos os partos normais e em 83,7% (n=325) dos partos de primíparas, observa-se uma freqüência do uso da episiotomia acima da media recomendada pela Organização Mundial de Saúde, de 30%. A associação entre o uso da episiotomia e a primiparidade é estatisticamente significante (p<0,001). Não houve associação entre as alterações maternas (p<0,19) e/ou neonatais (p<0,622) com o uso da episiotomia. Também não houve associação entre a técnica utilizada (mediana ou mediolateral) e o risco de laceração (p=0,663), embora os dados sugiram a associação da episiotomia e aumento do risco de lacerações graves (p<0,001). O emprego da episiotomia mostrou-se semelhante nas duas maternidades. Os resultados deste estudo ratificam o uso indiscriminado da episiotomia, e apontam para a necessidade de propor estratégias para reduzir o emprego desta técnica.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico / avaliar a perda sanguÃnea em partos vaginais induzidos pelo misoprostol e em cesÃreas com tentativa prÃvia de induÃÃo do parto pelo misoprostol, atravÃs da dosagem de hemoglobina prà e pÃs-parto; avaliar a perda sanguÃnea em partos vaginais espontÃneos e cesÃreas eletivas, atravÃs da dosagem de hemoglobina prà e pÃs-parto; comparar a perda sanguÃnea, avaliada pela dosagem de hemoglobina prà e pÃs-parto, entre partos induzidos e partos nÃo induzidos. Sujeitos e mÃtodos: realizou-se estudo na Maternidade-Escola Assis Chateaubriand da Universidade Federal do CearÃ, em 101 gestantes com indicaÃÃo para induÃÃo do trabalho de parto, que foram avaliadas pela dosagem de hemoglobina prà e pÃs-parto para estimativa da perda sanguÃnea no parto. As pacientes foram submetidas à ultrassonografia obstÃtrica transabdominal para avaliaÃÃo da estÃtica e peso fetais e Ãndice de lÃquido amniÃtico, e à cardiotocografia basal para avaliaÃÃo da vitalidade fetal. Procedeu-se à induÃÃo do trabalho de parto com misoprostol 25mcg, via vaginal. Os comprimidos foram administrados a cada 6 horas, em um nÃmero mÃximo de seis. O grupo controle foi composto por 30 pacientes que entraram em trabalho de parto espontaneamente e por 30 pacientes que se submeteram à cesÃrea eletivamente. A anÃlise estatÃstica foi realizada com o programa SPSS 10.0 (SPSS Co, Chicago, IL, USA). Os dados foram descritos atravÃs de mÃdias, desvios-padrÃo, medianas, mÃnimos, mÃximos, freqÃÃncias absolutas (n) e relativas (%). Os testes utilizados foram os de comparaÃÃo de mÃdias: T de Student pareado; de medianas: Mann-Whitney, Qui-quadrado ou Exato de Fisher; e o Coeficiente de correlaÃÃo de Spearman. O estudo da hemoglobina, antes e depois do parto foi avaliado atravÃs de ANOVA para medidas repetidas, onde foram verificados o efeito do tempo (prà e pÃs-parto) e o efeito do grupo (com e sem uso do misoprostol). Resultados: foram observadas diferenÃas significativas no tempo, em ambos os tipos de partos (p<0.0001), mas nÃo entre os grupos (p > 0.05). Portanto, existem diferenÃas significativas entre os nÃveis hemoglobina prà e pÃs-parto (p < 0.0001), porÃm as diferenÃas sÃo proporcionais em ambos os grupos, ou seja, a diferenÃa ocorre tanto no grupo que fez uso do misoprostol quanto no grupo que nÃo fez uso do misoprostol (a diminuiÃÃo foi a mesma em ambos os grupos), tanto na cesÃrea (p=0.6845) quanto no parto normal (p=0.2694). ConclusÃes: a induÃÃo do parto com misoprostol nÃo altera a perda sanguÃnea durante o parto, tanto nos partos vaginais induzidos, quanto nas cesÃreas com tentativa prÃvia de induÃÃo, quando comparada respectivamente com a perda sanguÃnea em partos vaginais espontÃneos e cesÃreas eletivas. / ABSTRACT Objectives: to evaluate the blood loss in induced vaginal delivery by misoprostol and caesarians section with induction attempt, through the hemoglobin blood levels pre and post delivery. To evaluate the blood loss in spontaneous vaginal deliveries and elective caesarians through the hemoglobin blood levels pre and post delivery. To compare the blood loss, evaluated by the hemoglobin blood levels pre and post delivery between induced and non induced deliveries. Subjects and methods: this study included 101 pregnant women admitted to the Assis Chateaubriand Maternity School of the Federal University of Cearà which met the criteria for induced delivery labor. Patients were submitted to transabdominal obstetric ultrassound for evaluation of the static and fetal weight and amniotic liquid index, and basal cardiotocography in order to evaluate fetal vitality. Procedures were taken for induced labor delivery with misoprostol 25mcg, by vaginal rout. The pills were administered each 6 hours in a maximum number of six. The control group was formed by 30 patients that initiated labor spontaneously and 30 patients that achieved caesarians electively. The statistical analysis was done with the program SPSS10.0 (SPSS Co, Chicago, IL, USA). The data were described through the medium, standard deviation, median, minimum, maximum, absolute (n) and relative (%) frequencies. The tests used for comparison of media: T of student; of median: Mann-Whitney, Qui-square or Exact of Fisher; and the Coefficient of Spearman correlation. The evaluation of hemoglobin levels before and after delivery was analyzed through the ANOVA test for repeated values, taking in account the effect of time (pre and post delivery) and the effect of the group (with and without the use of misoprostol). Results: there was a statistically significant difference between time in both types of delivery (p<0.0001).There were no statistical significance between the groups (p>0.05). Additionally, there was a similar pattern of decrease in hemoglobin blood levels pre and post labor in both groups evaluated, in the caesarian delivery (p=0.6845) and normal delivery as well (p=0.2694). Conclusions: labor induction with misoprostol does not modify the blood loss during induced vaginal deliveries and caesarians section with induction attempt, when compared to, respectively, the blood loss in spontaneous vaginal deliveries and in elective caesarians.

Introducción. La pandemia por coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) se ha extendido en más de 100 países. La información específica sobre su comportamiento en el embarazo y parto sigue siendo limitada. Objetivo. Describir las características materno perinatales de pacientes gestantes con COVID-19 en un hospital terciario. Métodos. Estudio descriptivo. Se seleccionó todas las gestantes hospitalizadas por el servicio de emergencia de gineco-obstetricia entre el 24 de marzo y el 07 de mayo del 2020 y que tuvieron diagnóstico de infección por SARS-CoV-2, mediante la prueba rápida o la prueba RT-PCR. Se revisó la historia clínica y registros hospitalarios buscando variables sociodemográficas, antecedentes, manifestaciones clínicas, serología materna, complicaciones obstétricas, vía de parto y aspectos perinatales. Resultados. Se encontró 41 casos de pacientes con diagnóstico de SARS-CoV-2. Un 9,2% tuvo resultado de prueba rápida positiva, Los síntomas más comunes fueron tos en 84,6%, fiebre en 76,9% y dolor de garganta en 61,5%. Un 68.2% estuvo asintomática, 19,5% tuvo enfermedad leve y 7,3% moderada. Dos casos de neumonía severa requirieron ventilación no invasiva. No se registró muerte materna. 21,7% de los partos fue vía vaginal y 78,3% por cesárea. Hubo un caso de neonato por parto vaginal con PCR positivo al octavo día de vida. Conclusiones. Hubo un alto porcentaje de pacientes gestantes PCR positivas asintomáticas. Es necesario implementar el tamizaje universal en parturientas en el protocolo de flujo de gestantes en cada institución. / Introduction: The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread to more than 100 countries. Specific information about its behavior in pregnancy is still limited. Objective: To describe the maternal and perinatal characteristics of pregnant patients infected with COVID-19 and their newborns in a tertiary referral hospital. Methods: Descriptive study. Subjects were all pregnant patients admitted to the OB/ GYN Emergency Department of the Edgardo Rebagliati Martins National Hospital from March 24 to May 7, 2020, who were diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection by rapid test or by RT-PCR test. Medical and hospital records were reviewed to retrieve sociodemographic data, patient’s history, clinical manifestations, maternal serology, obstetric complications, delivery mode and perinatal aspects. Results: 41 patients diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 were identified. 9.2% of all admissions had a positive rapid test. The most common symptoms were cough in 84.6%, fever in 76.9% and sore throat in 61.5%. 68.2% of the patients were asymptomatic, 19.5% had mild illness and 7.3 %, moderate. 2 cases progressed to severe pneumonia requiring non-invasive ventilation. No maternal deaths were recorded. 21.7% were vaginal deliveries, while 78.3% were C-sections. One baby born in a vaginal delivery had a positive PCR result on day 8. Conclusions: A large percentage of asymptomatic pregnant patients had a positive PCR test. Implementing universal screening among patients in l flow protocol is necessary for all institutions.

Vid en vaginal förlossning är det vanligt förekommande att kvinnor drabbas av perinealbristningar. Perinealbristningar kan uppstå spontant vid en födsel men även på grund av yttre orsaker, som vid instrumentell förlossning. Perinealbristningar kan medföra komplikationer, och eftersom det är vanligt med perinealbristningar ville författarna förstå hur kvinnor upplever att bristningen och dess konsekvenser inverkar på deras dagliga liv. Därför var syftet att beskriva kvinnors upplevelser av sitt dagliga liv efter en perinealbristning i samband med vaginal förlossning. Metoden som valdes för att besvara syftet var en litteraturöversikt, som inkluderande 15 vetenskapliga artiklar. Analys av artiklarna utfördes enligt integrerad analys. I resultatet identifierades två kategorier samt tillhörande underkategorier. Kategorierna kom att kallas “En perinealbristnings påverkan på det dagliga livet och “Kontakt med vården efter en perinealbristning”. Resultatet visade att en perinealbristning i samband med vaginal förlossning medförde påverkningar i det dagliga livet. Kvinnor beskrev upplevelser av att leva med smärta och inkontinens, samt hur perinealbristningens besvär inverkade på deras självförtroende, sexuella funktion och tankar på framtida förlossning. I resultatet framkom även upplevelser angående brister från vården gällande information om bristningen, samt att kvinnor inte upplevde sig betrodda av vårdpersonal. Slutsatsen som kan påvisas genom denna litteraturöversikt är att kvinnor kan uppleva sig begränsade och känna en förlust av kontroll i sitt dagliga liv efter en perinealbristning. Barnmorskor har en viktig roll i arbetet för kvinnor efter att de drabbats av en perinealbristning. / During a vaginal delivery its common for women to suffer from a perineal tear. Perineal tear can occur spontaneously at birth but also due to external causes, such as instrumental delivery. Perineal tears can lead to complications, and since perineal tears are common, the authors wanted to understand how women experience the perineal tear and their consequences affecting their daily lives. Therefore, the aim of this study was to describe women's experiences of their daily lives after a perineal tear in connection with vaginal delivery. The method chosen to answer this aim was a literature review, which included 15 scientific articles. Analysis of the articles was performed according to integrated analysis. In the result, two categories and associated subcategories were identified. The categories came to be called "The impact of a perineal rupture on the daily life" and “Contact with care after a perineal rupture". The results showed that a perineal rupture in connection with vaginal delivery had an impact on daily life. Women described experiences of living with pain and incontinence, as well as how perineal rupture affected their self-confidence, sexual function and thoughts of future childbirth. The results also revealed experiences regarding lack of information from the care regarding information about the rupture, and that women did not feel trusted by care staff. The conclusion that can be demonstrated through this literature review is that women may feel limited and feel a loss of control in their daily lives after a perineal rupture. Midwives play an important role in the work of women after suffering from a perineal rupture.

Bakgrund: Bäckenbottenskador är vanligt förekommande vid vaginala förlossningar och kan orsaka många besvärande symtom. Den fysiska påfrestningen påverkar även kvinnors välmående och kan leda till psykisk ohälsa. Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva psykologiska konsekvenser av bäckenbottenskador i samband med förlossning för kvinnor. Metod: Syftet besvarades genom att göra en allmän litteraturstudie baserad på nio kvalitativa artiklar. Artiklarna kvalitetsgranskades och analyserades, därefter skapades en övergripande huvudkategori och tre underkategorier. Resultat: Huvudkategorin var Förlossningsskador medför psykiskt lidande, och dess underkategorier Känsla av skuld och skam, Förlust av kvinnlighet och sexualitet och Besvikelse över vårdens bristande information och stöd. I resultatet framkom att psykologiska konsekvenser såsom oro, skam, ångest, hopplöshet, depression och posttraumatiskt stressyndrom, är en följd av bäckenbottenskador och dess somatiska besvär. Vidare framkom att kvinnor inte fick den vård de var i behov av och upplevde att vården försummade dem och orsakade ytterligare psykisk påfrestning. Konklusion: Litteraturstudien bidrar till en ökad förståelse om hur bäckenbottenskador påverkar kvinnors psykiska välmående. Det behövs utveckling av riktlinjer vad gäller uppföljning och behandling av förlossningsskador. Vidare forskning krävs om hur bäckenbottenskador och sekundärt psykiskt trauma kan förebyggas, repareras, behandlas och rehabiliteras. / Background: Pelvic floor injuries are common due to vaginal delivery and can cause many troublesome symptoms. The physical symptoms affect women’s well-being and can lead to psychological morbidity. Aim: The aim was to describe the psychological consequences of pelvic floor injuries in relation to childbirth for women. Method: The aim was answered by conducting a general literature study based on nine qualitative articles. The articles were quality-tested and analysed, then one overreaching head category were created and three under categories. Results: The head category was Birth injuries causes psychological suffering, and it’s under categories Feeling guilt and shame, Loss of femininity and sexuality and Disappointment with the lack of information and support in healthcare. Women experienced psychological consequences such as shame, anxiety, hopelessness, depression and post-traumatic stress syndrome, secondary to pelvic floor injuries. It was also found that women didn’t receive the care they needed and felt that healthcare professionals neglected them and caused further psychological distress. Conclusion: The general literature study contributes to an increased understanding of how pelvic floor injuries affect women’s mental well-being. There is a need for development of guidelines as to monitoring and treatment of birth injuries. Further research is needed on how pelvic floor injuries and secondary to it psychological trauma can be prevented, repaired, treated and rehabilitated.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-22T17:27:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rodrigo Garcia.pdf: 889273 bytes, checksum: 3279ba766fcf2bab133a11dfa53e04a8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-12-10 / PURPOSE: This descriptive study to determine factors influencing the perception of adolescents with perinatal care, type of delivery and choice of future procedures. METHODS: Cross-sectional study nested in a cohort study conducted in the city of Pelotas included 481 pregnant teenagers up to 19 years. Frequency analysis of the independent variables (age, skin color, social class, education, living with a partner and perform pre-natal) and perception of perinatal care (satisfaction with the type of delivery) were made eight variables were listed (birth to term, baby with syndrome or problem at birth, type of delivery, pain, satisfaction with health care professionals, control of the situation, or would recommend the procedure and required ICU) which were compared with the type of delivery. RESULTS: It was found that 49,1% (235) of the babies were delivered vaginally and 50,9% (244) by caesarean section. 77,3% (368) of the adolescents showed themselves satisfied with the quality of care provided by health professionals during childbirth, the greatest degree of dissatisfaction was those who underwent cesarean delivery (67,9%). The pain was experienced intensely by 43,7% (209) of adolescents, reported not having felt pain was higher among those who underwent cesarean delivery (71,2%). About how much control of the situation felt 35,3% (159) felt inserted in the process, with no significant difference between the different types of delivery. Recommend or repeat the same procedure experienced 45,9 % (213) of the adolescents, and of these 65,3% (139) underwent vaginal delivery and 34,7% (74) C-section. CONCLUSION: Although the percentage of pain sensation in pregnant adolescents who underwent vaginal delivery was higher than in those who underwent cesarean delivery, most of these proved to be satisfied with the quality of the care and recommend and/or do the same procedure on future / OBJETIVO: Estudo descritivo para determinar fatores capazes de influenciar a percepção de adolescentes com o atendimento perinatal, tipo de parto e a escolha de futuros procedimentos. MÉTODOS: estudo transversal aninhado em um estudo de coorte, realizado na cidade de Pelotas-RS, incluiu 481 gestantes adolescentes com até 19 anos. Foram feitas análises de frequência das variáveis independentes (idade, cor da pele, classe social, escolaridade, morar com companheiro e realizar pré-natal) e para percepção do atendimento perinatal (satisfação com o tipo de parto) foram elencadas oito variáveis (nascimento a termo, bebê com síndrome ou problema ao nascer, tipo de parto, dor, satisfação de cuidados com os profissionais de saúde, controle da situação, recomendaria ou faria o procedimento e precisou de UTI) as quais foram comparadas com o tipo de parto. RESULTADOS: foi constatado que 49,1% (235) dos partos foram realizados por via vaginal e 50,9% (244) por cesariana. 77,3% (368) das adolescentes se mostravam satisfeitas com a qualidade dos cuidados prestados pelos profissionais de saúde durante o parto, o maior grau de insatisfação foi daquelas que realizaram parto cesariano (67,9%). A dor foi vivenciada de forma intensa por 43,7% (209) das adolescentes, o relato de não ter sentido dor foi maior naquelas que realizaram parto cesariano (71,2%).Sobre o quanto sentiu controle da situação 35,3% (159) sentiram-se inseridas no processo, não havendo diferença significativa entre os diferentes tipos de parto.Recomendariam ou repetiriam o mesmo procedimento vivenciado 45,9% (213) das adolescentes, sendo que destas 65,3% (139) realizaram parto por via vaginal e 34,7% (74) cesariana.CONCLUSÃO: Embora o percentual de sensação de dor nas gestantes adolescentes que realizaram parto normal tenha sido maior do que naquelas que realizaram parto cesariano, a maioria destas se mostrou satisfeita com a qualidade dos cuidados dos profissionais e recomendaria e/ou faria o mesmo procedimento no futuro

Introdução: as gestações gemelares estão associadas a elevadas taxas de morbimortalidade tanto maternas quanto perinatais. Algumas intervenções tem o potencial de reduzir essas cifras, tais como a administração de corticosteroides pré- natal, a idade gestacional (IG) de resolução e a via de parto. Porém, a magnitude com que isso ocorre ainda se mantém incerta. Objetivos: comparar os resultados neonatais das gestações gemelares (GG) com os de gestações únicas (GU), levando-se em consideração características demográficas maternas, aquelas relacionadas à gestação atual, bem como sua idade e forma de resolução. Métodos: trata-se de um estudo caso-controle retrospectivo que incluiu 864 gestantes e seus 1298 filhos (430 únicos e 868 gemelares). As pacientes foram pareadas segundo IG de resolução da gestação, de modo que para cada gestação gemelar foi selecionada uma paciente com gestação única, de mesma IG, no mesmo período. O desfecho primário considerado foi resultado adverso perinatal. Características demográficas maternas, antecedentes obstétricos, intercorrências gestacionais, administração de corticosteroides, via de parto e corionicidade foram avaliados como fatores de risco para índices de Apgar no 1º e 5º minutos, morbidade neonatal composta, óbito fetal, óbito neonatal, hipoglicemia e icterícia neonatal. Resultados: tanto nas gestações únicas como nas gemelares, prematuridade foi fator de risco para todos os resultados adversos neonatais, especialmente em IG< 32 semanas. Sofrimento fetal agudo (SFA) aumentou o risco de Apgar de 1º e 5º minuto<7 nas GU. A corticoindução reduziu o risco de índices de Apgar<7, tanto no 1º como no 5º minuto nas GG e apenas no 1º minuto nas GU. Por outro lado, parto vaginal (PV) reduziu o risco de Apgar<7 no 1º minuto nas GU, mas aumentou o risco para os dois resultados adversos na GG. Esse efeito relacionado ao PV não ocorreu sobre a morbidade composta, mas SFA e a monocorionicidade entre os gemelares aumentou o risco desse resultado. SFA também aumentou o risco de óbito neonatal no grupo de GG. Em ambas as populações de RN, o PV foi protetor contra hipoglicemia neonatal. A monocorionicidade, corticoindução e a prematuridade aumentaram o risco de icterícia nos RN de GG. A ausência de doenças maternas protegeu os RN dos resultados adversos considerados. Conclusões: estratégias que visam reduzir prematuridade, doenças maternas e situações de hipoxemia fetal aguda contribuirão para melhores resultados obstétricos, assim como o uso do corticóide pré-natal, tanto nas GU quanto nas GG. A via de parto adequada na gemelaridade permanece controversa. / Introduction: The twin pregnancies are associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality in both mothers and perinatal deaths. Some interventions have the potential to reduce these figures, such as the administration of corticosteroids prenatal care, gestational age (GA) of resolution and the delivery route. However, the magnitude with which this occurs still remains uncertain. Objectives: To compare the neonatal results of the pregnancies of twins (TP) with those of singleton gestations (SG), taking into account maternal demographic characteristics, those related to the current pregnancy, as well as their age and form of delivery. Methods: This was a retrospective case-control study that included 864 pregnant women and their 1298 children (430 single and 868 twins). The patients were paired according to GA for a resolution of the pregnancy, so that for each twin pregnancy, a patient was selected with single pregnancy, of the same GA, during the same period. The primary outcome was considered perinatal adverse result. Demographic characteristics of the mother, obstetric history, complications of pregnancy, administration of corticosteroids, delivery route and chorionicity were evaluated as risk factors for Apgar scores at 1 and 5 minutes, neonatal morbidity composed, fetal death, neonatal death, hypoglycemia and neonatal jaundice. Results: In both pregnancies, prematurity was a risk factor for all adverse results, especially in GA< 32 weeks. Acute fetal distress (AFD) increased the risk of an Apgar score of 1 and 5 minute<7 in SG. The corticoindution reduced the risk of higher Apgar scores<7, both on the 1st and 5th minute in TP and only in the 1st minute in SG. On the other hand, vaginal delivery (VD) reduced the risk of an Apgar score<7 in the 1st minute in SG, but increased the risk for the two adverse results in TP. This effect is related to the VD did not occur on morbidity composed, but AFD and monochorionicity between the twins increased the risk of that result. AFD also increased the risk of neonatal death in the group of TP. In both populations of newborn (NB), the VD was protective against neonatal hypoglycemia. The monochorionicity, corticoindution and prematurity increased the risk of jaundice in NB of TP. The absence of maternal diseases protected the NB of adverse results considered. Conclusions: Strategies that aim to reduce prematurity, maternal diseases and situations of acute fetal hypoxemia will contribute to better outcomes, as well as the use of corticosteroids antenatal care, both in SG and in TP. The delivery route in multiple births remains controversial.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / Objetivos: comparar a mensuraÃÃo ultra-sonogrÃfica transvaginal do colo uterino e o Ãndice de Bishop, na prediÃÃo do parto vaginal apÃs induÃÃo do trabalho de parto com misoprostol 25mcg, assim como, determinar os principais fatores relacionados à evoluÃÃo para parto vaginal. Sujeitos e MÃtodos: realizou-se estudo de validaÃÃo de tÃcnica diagnÃstica na Maternidade-Escola Assis Chateaubriand da Universidade Federal do CearÃ, com 126 gestantes com indicaÃÃo para induÃÃo do trabalho de parto que foram avaliadas pelo Ãndice de Bishop e ultra-sonografia transvaginal para mensuraÃÃo cervical. As pacientes foram submetidas à ultra-sonografia obstÃtrica transabdominal, para avaliaÃÃo da estÃtica e peso fetais e Ãndice de lÃquido amniÃtico, e à cardiotocografia basal para avaliaÃÃo da vitalidade fetal. Procedeu-se à induÃÃo do trabalho de parto com misoprostol vaginal e sublingual, um dos comprimidos contendo 25mcg da droga e o outro apenas placebo. Os comprimidos foram administrados a cada seis horas, em um numero mÃximo de oito. A anÃlise estatÃstica foi realizada com o programa SPSS 10.0 (SPSS Co, Chicago, IL, USA), utilizando-se distribuiÃÃo de frequÃncias, mÃdias, desvios-padrÃo e medianas; assim como, anÃlise univariada e construÃÃo de curvas ROC, correlacionando Ãndice de Bishop e parto vaginal, e medida ultra-sonogrÃfica do colo uterino e parto vaginal. Em anÃlise multivariada foram pesquisadas outras variÃveis relacionadas ao parto vaginal. Resultados: atravÃs de curva ROC correlacionando a mensuraÃÃo do colo uterino por ultra-sonografia transvaginal e a evoluÃÃo para o parto vaginal, evidenciou-se uma Ãrea sob a curva de 0,513 com p=0,801. Outra curva ROC, analisando a relaÃÃo da avaliaÃÃo cervical pelo Ãndice de Bishop com o parto vaginal, demonstrou Ãrea sob a curva de 0,617 com p=0,025. AtravÃs de anÃlise de regressÃo logÃstica mÃltipla, evidenciou-se paridade &#8805; 1, escore de Bishop &#8805; 4 e presenÃa de lÃquido amniÃtico claro como associados à evoluÃÃo para o parto vaginal. ConclusÃes: a medida ultra-sonogrÃfica transvaginal do colo uterino nÃo foi boa preditora da evoluÃÃo para parto vaginal em pacientes com trabalho de parto induzido com misoprostol. O Ãndice de Bishop foi melhor preditor para parto vaginal nestas circunstÃncias. Os fatores preditivos mais importantes para parto vaginal, apÃs induÃÃo com misoprostol, foram paridade &#8805; 1, Ãndice de Bishop &#8805; 4 e presenÃa de lÃquido amniÃtico claro

Introdução: as gestações gemelares estão associadas a elevadas taxas de morbimortalidade tanto maternas quanto perinatais. Algumas intervenções tem o potencial de reduzir essas cifras, tais como a administração de corticosteroides pré- natal, a idade gestacional (IG) de resolução e a via de parto. Porém, a magnitude com que isso ocorre ainda se mantém incerta. Objetivos: comparar os resultados neonatais das gestações gemelares (GG) com os de gestações únicas (GU), levando-se em consideração características demográficas maternas, aquelas relacionadas à gestação atual, bem como sua idade e forma de resolução. Métodos: trata-se de um estudo caso-controle retrospectivo que incluiu 864 gestantes e seus 1298 filhos (430 únicos e 868 gemelares). As pacientes foram pareadas segundo IG de resolução da gestação, de modo que para cada gestação gemelar foi selecionada uma paciente com gestação única, de mesma IG, no mesmo período. O desfecho primário considerado foi resultado adverso perinatal. Características demográficas maternas, antecedentes obstétricos, intercorrências gestacionais, administração de corticosteroides, via de parto e corionicidade foram avaliados como fatores de risco para índices de Apgar no 1º e 5º minutos, morbidade neonatal composta, óbito fetal, óbito neonatal, hipoglicemia e icterícia neonatal. Resultados: tanto nas gestações únicas como nas gemelares, prematuridade foi fator de risco para todos os resultados adversos neonatais, especialmente em IG< 32 semanas. Sofrimento fetal agudo (SFA) aumentou o risco de Apgar de 1º e 5º minuto<7 nas GU. A corticoindução reduziu o risco de índices de Apgar<7, tanto no 1º como no 5º minuto nas GG e apenas no 1º minuto nas GU. Por outro lado, parto vaginal (PV) reduziu o risco de Apgar<7 no 1º minuto nas GU, mas aumentou o risco para os dois resultados adversos na GG. Esse efeito relacionado ao PV não ocorreu sobre a morbidade composta, mas SFA e a monocorionicidade entre os gemelares aumentou o risco desse resultado. SFA também aumentou o risco de óbito neonatal no grupo de GG. Em ambas as populações de RN, o PV foi protetor contra hipoglicemia neonatal. A monocorionicidade, corticoindução e a prematuridade aumentaram o risco de icterícia nos RN de GG. A ausência de doenças maternas protegeu os RN dos resultados adversos considerados. Conclusões: estratégias que visam reduzir prematuridade, doenças maternas e situações de hipoxemia fetal aguda contribuirão para melhores resultados obstétricos, assim como o uso do corticóide pré-natal, tanto nas GU quanto nas GG. A via de parto adequada na gemelaridade permanece controversa. / Introduction: The twin pregnancies are associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality in both mothers and perinatal deaths. Some interventions have the potential to reduce these figures, such as the administration of corticosteroids prenatal care, gestational age (GA) of resolution and the delivery route. However, the magnitude with which this occurs still remains uncertain. Objectives: To compare the neonatal results of the pregnancies of twins (TP) with those of singleton gestations (SG), taking into account maternal demographic characteristics, those related to the current pregnancy, as well as their age and form of delivery. Methods: This was a retrospective case-control study that included 864 pregnant women and their 1298 children (430 single and 868 twins). The patients were paired according to GA for a resolution of the pregnancy, so that for each twin pregnancy, a patient was selected with single pregnancy, of the same GA, during the same period. The primary outcome was considered perinatal adverse result. Demographic characteristics of the mother, obstetric history, complications of pregnancy, administration of corticosteroids, delivery route and chorionicity were evaluated as risk factors for Apgar scores at 1 and 5 minutes, neonatal morbidity composed, fetal death, neonatal death, hypoglycemia and neonatal jaundice. Results: In both pregnancies, prematurity was a risk factor for all adverse results, especially in GA< 32 weeks. Acute fetal distress (AFD) increased the risk of an Apgar score of 1 and 5 minute<7 in SG. The corticoindution reduced the risk of higher Apgar scores<7, both on the 1st and 5th minute in TP and only in the 1st minute in SG. On the other hand, vaginal delivery (VD) reduced the risk of an Apgar score<7 in the 1st minute in SG, but increased the risk for the two adverse results in TP. This effect is related to the VD did not occur on morbidity composed, but AFD and monochorionicity between the twins increased the risk of that result. AFD also increased the risk of neonatal death in the group of TP. In both populations of newborn (NB), the VD was protective against neonatal hypoglycemia. The monochorionicity, corticoindution and prematurity increased the risk of jaundice in NB of TP. The absence of maternal diseases protected the NB of adverse results considered. Conclusions: Strategies that aim to reduce prematurity, maternal diseases and situations of acute fetal hypoxemia will contribute to better outcomes, as well as the use of corticosteroids antenatal care, both in SG and in TP. The delivery route in multiple births remains controversial.

Contexte : La littérature suggère que le virus du papillome humain (VPH) puisse être transmis verticalement. Or, le mécanisme exact de transmission verticale demeure inconnu et les données ne permettent pas de savoir dans quelle mesure la transmission verticale est affectée par le mode d’accouchement. L’objectif de l’étude était de mesurer l’association entre le mode d’accouchement et la détection d’ADN du VPH chez les bébés. Méthode : Nous avons utilisé les données de 1052 femmes enceintes de la cohorte HERITAGE. Des échantillons vaginaux auto-collectés ont été obtenus chez les mères durant la grossesse, et des échantillons des muqueuses de la bouche, la gorge, les yeux et de la région anogénitale ont été collectés chez les bébés à la naissance et à 3 mois. Nous avons inclus les 282 femmes ayant eu un test VPH positif au premier et troisième trimestre de grossesse. Tous les échantillons ont été analysés pour la détection d’ADN du VPH par la méthode de réaction de polymérase en chaîne (PCR) avec le test Linear ArrayMC. Les informations sur l’accouchement ont été collectées dans les dossiers médicaux. L’association entre le mode d’accouchement et la transmission verticale du VPH a été mesurée par régressions logistiques. Résultats : La probabilité de transmission verticale du VPH a été de 8,9% (25/282), soit 3,7% (3/81) pour les césariennes et 10,9% (22/201) pour les accouchements vaginaux. Chez 21 des 25 enfants positifs au VPH (84%), il y avait au moins un génotype concordant avec leur mère, et tous sont nés par accouchement vaginal. Une augmentation significative du risque de transmission verticale du VPH a été observée pour l’accouchement vaginal, en comparaison avec la césarienne (OR ajusté: 3,63, intervalles de confiance à 95% (IC 95%): 1,03-12,82). Nous n’avons pas observé d’association significative entre la césarienne suivant la rupture des membranes et le risque de transmission, lorsque comparé avec la césarienne avec membranes intactes (OR ajusté : 1,31, IC 95% : 0,10-17,76). Il n’y a pas eu d’association entre la durée écoulée entre la rupture des membranes et la naissance (en heures continues) et le risque de transmission verticale (OR : 1,00, IC 95% : 0,97-1,02). Conclusion : L’accouchement par césarienne a été associé à un risque significativement plus faible de transmission du VPH chez les bébés. La transmission verticale du VPH surviendrait principalement lors du passage dans le canal vaginal car très peu d’enfants nés par césarienne ont été infectés au VPH. Puisque la rupture des membranes avant la césarienne et la durée entre la rupture des membranes et la naissance n’ont pas été associées à un risque de transmission du VPH plus élevé, nos résultats suggèrent que la transmission par infection ascendante après rupture des membranes est probablement rare. / Background: The literature suggests that human papillomavirus (HPV) can be transmitted vertically. However, the exact mechanism of vertical transmission remains unknown and the data do not allow us to know to what extent vertical transmission is affected by the mode of delivery. The aim of the study was to measure the association between mode of delivery and the detection of HPV DNA in infants. Method: We used data from 1052 pregnant women from the HERITAGE cohort. Self-collected vaginal samples were obtained from mothers during pregnancy, and specimens from the mucous membranes of the mouth, throat, eyes and anogenital region were collected from infants at birth and at 3 months. We included 282 women who had both positive HPV tests in the first and third trimester of pregnancy. All samples were analyzed for detection of HPV DNA by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method with the Linear ArrayTM assay. Information about the delivery was collected from medical records. The association between the mode of delivery and HPV detection in infants was measured using logistic regressions. Results: The probability of transmission of HPV was 8.9% (25/282); 3.7% (3/81) for caesarean sections and 10.9% (22/201) for vaginal deliveries. In 21 of 25 HPV positive infants (84%), there was at least one genotype concordant with their mother, and all were born vaginally. A significant increase in the risk of transmission of HPV was observed for vaginal delivery, compared to caesarean section (adjusted OR: 3.63, 95% confidence intervals (95% CI): 1.03-12.82). We found no significant increase in the risk of HPV transmission for caesarean section following rupture of membranes, compared to caesarean section with intact membranes (adjusted OR: 1.31, 95% CI: 0.10-17.76). There was no association between the time between rupture of membranes and birth (in continuous hours) and the risk of vertical transmission (OR: 1.00, 95% CI: 0.97-1.02). Conclusion: Caesarean delivery is associated with a significantly lower risk of HPV vertical transmission. Vertical transmission is thought to occur mainly during passage through the vaginal canal, because very few infants born by caesarean section have been infected with HPV. Since rupture of membranes before caesarean section and the time between ruptured membranes and birth have not been associated with a higher risk of HPV transmission, our results suggest that transmission by ascending infection after rupture of membranes is unlikely.