La réalité virtuelle (RV) va révolutionner de nombreux domaines comme le domaine médical, industriel, architectural, etc. C'est devenu un élément important dans la phase de développement d'une solution, notamment dans le domaine architectural. Que ce soit pour la commercialisation ou la revue de projet, la RV permet de faire des visites virtuelles de maisons visualisées à l'échelle réelle en environnement virtuel (EV). Aujourd'hui, l'architecte dispose d'un véritable outil de commercialisation en proposant aux acheteurs potentiels des visites virtuelles de maisons. Lors de ces visites virtuelles, le client peut avoir une idée de la maison. Avec la visualisation à l'échelle 1:1 le client a la possibilité d'explorer la maison et peut ainsi se projeter plus facilement dans la maison pour prendre plus facilement des décisions. L'espoir est que cette visite virtuelle puisse conduire plus rapidement à une signature de précontrat. Par ailleurs, lors du processus de conception, l'architecte peut effectuer une revue de projet en EV avec le client afin de le guider dans ses choix et d'affiner le recueil des besoins. À l'issue de cette revue, ensemble, ils valident le plan de la maison en termes de taille et d'agencement des pièces, de position des fenêtres, etc. Par conséquent, la RV permet un gain de temps et d'argent considérable aux architectes. Les décisions prises en EV sont généralement basées sur la perception des distances et des volumes. Par conséquent, l’efficacité des décisions prises dépend de la capacité des visiteurs à porter un jugement sans biais sur ce qu’ils voient dans l’EV par rapport à l’environnement réel correspondant. Plusieurs études ont montré que l'estimation des distances en EV est différente de l'estimation en environnement réel. De multiples facteurs peuvent être à l'origine de ce problème, comme le dispositif d'affichage, le champ de vision restreint, la qualité graphique, etc. Malgré les différentes études consacrées à cette problématique, les causes de ce phénomène restent diverses et mal identifiées. Notre travail s'inscrit dans le cadre d'un projet architectural : le projet CIMBEES. Ce projet vise à intégrer la RV dans le processus de vente/achat et de conception au travers de la visite virtuelle et de la revue de projet en EV. Notre travail consiste à concevoir et à évaluer l'outil de revue de projet architectural en EV. La phase de conception consiste à proposer un outil de revue de projet permettant la visualisation des maquettes numériques à l'échelle réelle et offrant une interaction qui répond aux besoins des architectes. Au cours de cette phase nous avons développé un outil de revue de projet et nous avons modélisé les maquettes numériques nécessaires à partir de plans réels de maison.Dans la phase d'évaluation de l'outil de revue de projet architectural, nous nous sommes intéressés à la problématique de la perception des distances en EV. L'objectif de cette évaluation est d'identifier et d'étudier les facteurs les plus importants pour l'outil afin de proposer des paramètres adaptés à notre contexte applicatif (les visites virtuelles). Pour ce faire, nous avons effectué une étude expérimentale qui porte sur l'étude de l'influence de trois facteurs sur la perception des distances : 1) le profil cognitif des utilisateurs, 2) le contexte environnemental et 3) la vitesse de navigation [...] / Virtual reality (VR) will revolutionize many fields such as medicine, industry, architecture, etc. It has become an important element in the development of a solution, particularly in the architectural field. Whether for marketing or project review, VR allows virtual visits of homes in virtual environment (VE) at real scale. Today, the architect has a real marketing tool by providing to potential customer virtual visits of homes. During these virtual visits, the customer can get an idea of the house. With the visualization at scale 1: 1, the customer has the opportunity to explore the house and he can easier project himself into the house to take decisions more easily. The hope is that, this virtual visit would more quickly lead to a signing agreement.Furthermore, during the design process, the architect can make a project review in VE with customer to guide his choices and refine the collection of needs. Following this review, together, they validate the plan of the house in terms of size and layout of rooms, window position, etc. Therefore, the VR allows considerable time and money saving for architects. Decisions taken in VE are generally based on the perception of distances and volumes. Therefore, the effectiveness of the decisions depends on the ability of customers to make judgments about what they see in the VE similar to the judgments they would have made in the corresponding real environment. Several studies have shown that the estimation of distances in VE is different from the estimation in real environment. Several factors can be the source of this problem such as the display device, the limited field of view, graphical quality, etc. Despite these studies, factors that cause this phenomenon remain unclear, and diverse. Our work is part of an architectural project: CIMBEES project. This project aims to integrate VR in the process of selling / buying and of the design through virtual visits and project review in VE. Our work is to design and evaluate architectural project review tool. The design stage is to suggest a project review tool for the visualization of digital mockups at real scale in VE and providing interaction that meets the needs of architects. During this stage we developed a project review tool and we modeled necessary digital mockups from real house plans. In the evaluation stage of the architectural project review tool, we were interested at the problem of the perception of distances in VE. The aim of this evaluation is to identify and to study the most important factors for the tool, to propose suitable parameters for our application context (virtual visits). To do this, we conducted an experimental study that focuses on the study of the influence of three factors on the perception of distances: 1) the cognitive profile of users, 2) the environmental context and 3) the speed of navigation. [...]

I denna studie försöker vi finna svar på hur en praktisk lärardemonstration kan utföras på ett pedagogiskt vis. Vi undersöker även övergången från den stund som domineras av läraren till den stund som utmärks av individuellt elevarbete. Skolämnet som studien utgår ifrån är slöjd men vi tror att de utmaningar och resultat som framkommer kan appliceras även på andra skolämnen. Från svar på enkäter riktade till elever och intervjuer utförda med både lärare och elever framkommer att ett flertal aspekter spelar in för ett framgångsrikt lärande knutet till  demonstrationer. Lärarens kapacitet och förmåga att både förbereda och framföra något är viktig. Samtidigt spelar lärarens kontakt med och kunskap om, både grupp och individ, roll. Återkoppling till elever bör ske med fokus på det som utförts och som eleven kan påverka. Även faktorer av mer praktiska slag påverkar, som vid vilken tid på dagen lektionen pågår och om eleverna då är pigga eller ofokuserade. Att få demonstrationen och det efterkommande elevarbetet att vara en lärorik stund istället för något tråkigt är en utmanande, komplex och rolig del av läraryrket. Att lyckas med det kan vara avgörande för elevernas förståelse och lust att engagera sig i ämnet. / In this study we try to find answers on how a practical demonstration, performed by a teacher, can be conducted in both effective and pedagogic ways. We also explore the transition from a teacher lead period to a period defined by practical work and understanding performed by pupils. The subject studied is the swedish sloyd, but we think the challenges are mainly the same in any school subject. Through research on literature in areas such as rhetorics, leadership and pedagogy we contrast different aspects on the subject with surveys conducted on pupils and interviews with both pupils and teachers. From empirics we conclude that different aspects play important roles in succeeding with bringing a sloyd demonstration into individual pupil knowledge. The teacher’s capacity in preparation and enthralling an audience as well as his or her empathy and knowledge of the mental constitution of the class all play a part. It is also important how well the teacher gives individualized feedback, when pupils start working or no longer do work due to various reasons. Practical factors such as hour of the day and whether the pupils are alert or hungry also do contribute.  Bringing a demonstration from a dull experience into engaged pupil work is a challenging, complex and enjoyable part of a lesson. It may be crucial to the pupil’s future effort making and understanding.

The purpose of the study was to investigate how the online, computer-based learner's personal learning profile (Preference), the content delivery method supplemented with visual content based on Neil Fleming's VARK (visual, aural, read/write, kinesthetic) model (Content), and the interaction of Preference and Content, influenced learner performance (Performance) and/or learner self-reported satisfaction (Satisfaction). Participants were drawn from a population of undergraduates enrolled in a large public southwestern research university during the fall 2015 semester. The 165 student participants (13.79% completion rate) were comprised of 52 (31.5%) females and 113 (68.5%) males age 18-58+ years with 126 (76.4%) age 18-24 years. For race/ethnicity, participants self-identified as 1 (0.66%) American Indian/Alaska Native, 21 (12.7%) Asian/Pacific Islander, 27 (16.4%) Black, non-Hispanic, 28 (17%) Hispanic, 78 (47.3%) White, non-Hispanic, 10 (6.1%) other. Reported socioeconomic status was 22 (13.3%) withheld, 53 (32.1%) did not know, 45 (27.3%) low, 13 (7.9%) moderately low, 16 (9.7%) middle, 8 (4.8%) upper middle, and 8 (4.8%) upper. This causal-comparative and quasi-experimental, mixed-method, longitudinal study used researcher-developed web-based modules to measure Performance and Satisfaction, and used the criterion p < .05 for statistical significance. A two-way, 4 x 3 repeated measures (Time) analysis of variance (RM-ANOVA) using Preference and Content was statistically significant on each Performance measure over Time, and at two measures on Satisfaction over Time. The RM-ANOVA was statistically significant on between-subjects main effect Performance for read/write modality Content compared to aural and kinesthetic Content. There were no statistically significant main effects observed for Satisfaction. A Pearson r correlation analysis showed that participants that were older, married, and of higher socioeconomic status performed better. The correlation analysis also showed that participants who performed better reported greater likelihood to take online courses in the future, higher motivation, sufficient time and support for studies, and sufficient funding for and access to the Internet. The study results suggested that regardless of Preference, using read/write modality Content based on the VARK model while maintaining the verbal language can yield better Performance outcomes. The study results also suggested that while maintaining the verbal language, Preference, and Content based on the VARK model do not distinguish learner Satisfaction outcomes. However, because Satisfaction has been shown to impact Performance, efficacy, and retention, it matters to educational institutions. Future research should consider more granular models and factorial research methods, because models that utilize a single representative construct score can mask effects when analyzing Performance and Satisfaction.

This diploma thesis is concerned with assessment of two methods of gauging the flow rate used in the sphere of official measurements on profiles with an unrestricted water level. This is the method of collecting liquid into a volumetric vessel and the method of collecting liquid into a weighing vessel (pouch). The main purpose of this work was to specify uncertainties determined using method A and B for these two methods of gauging flow rate within the terms of addressing the Metrology Development Plan of the Czech Office for Standards, Metrology and Testing, because these uncertainties were previously determined using older methodology and using less accurate flow rate benchmarks. The entire work is based on extensive experimental measurement of the flow rate, using the assessed methods, executed at the Laboratory of Water Management Research in Brno. The method of collecting liquids into a volumetric vessel was assessed using four various vessel volumes - 9 l, 15 l, 30 l and 50 l. Relative uncertainties determined using method A and B in relation to flow rate are determined for each vessel in the experimental section of this work. Within the scope of this thesis, these uncertainties were also determined for the method of collection of liquid into weighing vessel (pouch), which was assessed for flow rates of from 0,5 l/s to 10,0 l/s.

SammanfattningElevers intresse för naturvetenskap är lågt (DeWitt, Archer, Willis & Wong, 2013; The Gallup Organisation, 2008). Detta tros delvis bero på att abstrakta begrepp känns svåra, men olika gestaltning av svåra begrepp kan underlätta förståelsen (Ekborg, 1997).Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur praktiska inslag påverkar inlärningen under kemilektioner och om det ökar intresset för kemi. Litteraturstudier gjordes, dels av kognitionspsykologiska perspektiv av inlärning, dels av forskning och erfarenheter av praktiska inslag i undervisning. Vidare gjordes ett elevtest med elever (n=49) som gick andra året på naturvetenskaplig linje. Eleverna fick lösa övningsuppgifter i kemiområdet isomeri. De fick testa att arbeta med eller utan fysiska molekylmodeller. Därefter fick eleverna svara på en enkät.Litteraturstudien fann att både kognitionspsykologiska teorier om inlärning och resultat av studier av elevgrupper ger stöd för att praktiska inslag gynnar inlärning. Resultatet av elevstudien visade att majoriteten av eleverna ansåg att det är bäst att jobba med modeller eller en kombination av modeller och att skriva och rita.3-D-modeller är en bra hjälp för delar av kemiundervisningen. Praktiska inslag ger bättre förståelse för mer avancerade begrepp samt gynnar samarbete och intresset för ämnet (Hageman, 2010; Roberts, Hagedorn, Dillenburg, Patrick, & Herman, 2015). Praktiska inslag kan också gynna inkludering av funktionshindrade (Nilsson, 2014).Nackdelar med praktiska inslag är att de kan ta mycket tid, att lärmiljön kan bli orolig och högljudd och att material, verktyg och praktisk problemlösning kan ta fokus från kunskapsinnehållet i aktiviteten (Dicks, 2013). Om de praktiska inslagen innebär att för mycket ny information presenteras på en gång finns risk att korttidsminnet blir överbelastat (Rosenshine, 2012).Med hjälp av kunskaper i kognitionspsykologi och genom att ta del av erfarenheter och resultat från elevstudier kan man som lärare utveckla undervisningen ur ett ämnesdidaktiskt perspektiv där praktiska inslag i olika klassrumssituationer gynnar elevernas inlärning och intresse för kemi.

Climate change is mankind’s biggest challenge and scientists around the globe agree that civilization is pushing towards a breaking point. Renewable energy are alternatives that are capable to remove the need for fossil fuel. Wind power will play a vital role and has the possibility to confront the challenges that face the globe. In order for wind power to reach its full potential constructors need to take into account the distance between each wind power turbine, as it can cause energy loss and generate less electricity into the system. These energy losses decrease the potential of wind power and thus also for renewable as a whole. Energy losses that emerge within the space between wind power plants are named wake losses. Once the wind has passed the plant, a distance equal to seven rotor diameters is needed for the wind to regain its full force. By positioning the plants within the announced distance, the production of each plant decreases since downstream turbines are not able to generate a full effect.       This Bachelor thesis in Energy Engineering aims to analyse these wake losses for the wind power plant Skäppentorp, which is situated in Mönsterås County. The nearby wind power plant Brotorp is affecting Skäppentorps production and the authors of this degree project chose to present the wake losses as a percentage. A third wind power plant named Idhult functioned as a reference. Idhult is of course not affected before the positioning of Brotorp but neither after it, therefore the plant was used to ensure that weak winds were not ascribed to Brotorp but are a result of a weak wind year. The Bachelor thesis covered thus three wind power plants, Skäppentorp which interacts and is affected by Brotorp and Idhult which served as reference. The wake losses were calculated in Microsoft Excel and set against the software windPRO to validate the programmed produced losses for the same plant. Skäppentorp’s surrounding were divided into 12 sectors, where each sector covers an angle of 30 degrees. By doing so a full circle, 360 degrees, surrounding the plant was established. The wind speed and the production before respectively after Brotorp deployment was produced by using a nearby measuring post. Via an average production value for each sector, before and after Brotorp, a percentage wake loss was calculated. This was set against Idhult to sort away better respectively worse wind years. The period before covered the year 2012 until 2015 and the period after covered 2016 until 2018.  The result from Microsoft Excel indicates that sector four and sector nine were subjected to the highest percentage of losses. The results from the software windPRO however indicated the highest loss in sector four. Three sectors obtained the same percentage loss as windPRO while remaining values came out dissimilar. The distinction between some of the sectors may be caused by the positioning of some of the Brotorp turbines, where some are located on the borderline between sectors. This implies that some turbines affect two sectors when calculated with Microsoft Excel, which it does not when simulated with windPRO. The sum of all sections indicated that Brotorp turbines caused a wake loss of 3,8 %. This was compared to the simulation in windPRO which resulted in 5,7 %.

Text in Afrikaans / In hierdie studie het die navorser die probleem van kurrikulumdifferensiasie vir Wiskunde Graad R aangespreek, sodat leerders met erge intellektuele gestremdheid ook sukses in Wiskunde Graad R kan ervaar. Die primêre vraag wat aangespreek is, is hoe die vereiste begrippe en vaardighede van die Kurrikulum- en Assesseringsbeleidsverklaring (KABV), vir Wiskunde Graad R aangepas kan word vir leerders met erge intellektuele gestremdheid. Die belangrikheid van die studie lê in die verskil wat differensiasie kan maak aan 'n leerder se geleentheid om sukses te ervaar volgens sy vermoë. Die doel hiervan is om leerkragte wat leerders met erge intellektuele gestremdheid onderrig, te bemagtig. Dit word gedoen deur aanpassings en aktiwiteite voor te stel wat tot voordeel van hierdie leerders in hul onderrigprogram geïmplementeer kan word. Dit sal daartoe bydra dat hierdie leerders die vereistes wat in die kurrikulum gestel word, in ’n beperkte mate kan bereik. Die navorsing is onderneem vanuit 'n inklusiewe perspektief aan die hand van 'n literatuurstudie en kwalitatiewe navorsing (gevalle-studie) wat semi-gestruktureerde onderhoude ingesluit het. Die resultate toon dat differensiasie wel moontlik is en dat daar verskeie aanpassings en aktiwiteite is wat leerkragte kan gebruik om hierdie leerders die geleentheid te bied om sukses te kan ervaar. / In this study the researcher addressed the challenges of curriculum differentiation for Mathematics Grade R to ensure that learners with severe intellectual disability may experience success. The primary question addressed was the manner in which the concepts and skills requirements of the Curriculum and Assessment Policy Statement (CAPS), for Mathematics Grade R can be adjusted to suit the needs of learners with severe intellectual impairment. The importance of this study lies in the significant impact that differentiation can make in providing the opportunity for a learner to experience success according to his abilities. The purpose of this study was to empower teachers of learners with severe intellectual disability with the necessary knowledge, enabling them to successfully implement adaptations. This would allow the learners to achieve the requirements of the proposed curriculum, to a limited extent. Qualitative (case study) research was conducted from an inclusive perspective using a literature review and semi-structured interviews. The results showed that differentiation is possible and that there are several adaptations and activities that could be used by teachers to offer these learners the opportunity to experience success. / Inclusive Education / M. Ed. (Inklusiewe Onderwys)

Text in Afrikaans / In hierdie studie het die navorser die probleem van kurrikulumdifferensiasie vir Wiskunde Graad R aangespreek, sodat leerders met erge intellektuele gestremdheid ook sukses in Wiskunde Graad R kan ervaar. Die primêre vraag wat aangespreek is, is hoe die vereiste begrippe en vaardighede van die Kurrikulum- en Assesseringsbeleidsverklaring (KABV), vir Wiskunde Graad R aangepas kan word vir leerders met erge intellektuele gestremdheid. Die belangrikheid van die studie lê in die verskil wat differensiasie kan maak aan 'n leerder se geleentheid om sukses te ervaar volgens sy vermoë. Die doel hiervan is om leerkragte wat leerders met erge intellektuele gestremdheid onderrig, te bemagtig. Dit word gedoen deur aanpassings en aktiwiteite voor te stel wat tot voordeel van hierdie leerders in hul onderrigprogram geïmplementeer kan word. Dit sal daartoe bydra dat hierdie leerders die vereistes wat in die kurrikulum gestel word, in ’n beperkte mate kan bereik. Die navorsing is onderneem vanuit 'n inklusiewe perspektief aan die hand van 'n literatuurstudie en kwalitatiewe navorsing (gevalle-studie) wat semi-gestruktureerde onderhoude ingesluit het. Die resultate toon dat differensiasie wel moontlik is en dat daar verskeie aanpassings en aktiwiteite is wat leerkragte kan gebruik om hierdie leerders die geleentheid te bied om sukses te kan ervaar. / In this study the researcher addressed the challenges of curriculum differentiation for Mathematics Grade R to ensure that learners with severe intellectual disability may experience success. The primary question addressed was the manner in which the concepts and skills requirements of the Curriculum and Assessment Policy Statement (CAPS), for Mathematics Grade R can be adjusted to suit the needs of learners with severe intellectual impairment. The importance of this study lies in the significant impact that differentiation can make in providing the opportunity for a learner to experience success according to his abilities. The purpose of this study was to empower teachers of learners with severe intellectual disability with the necessary knowledge, enabling them to successfully implement adaptations. This would allow the learners to achieve the requirements of the proposed curriculum, to a limited extent. Qualitative (case study) research was conducted from an inclusive perspective using a literature review and semi-structured interviews. The results showed that differentiation is possible and that there are several adaptations and activities that could be used by teachers to offer these learners the opportunity to experience success. / Inclusive Education / M. Ed. (Inklusiewe Onderwys)