The purpose of this study is to gauge the current state of Swedish library and information science research. LIS is generally defined as a cross- or multidisciplinary subject, according to some coupled with heterogenity or dichotomy within the subject. In light of Jack Meadows’s description of the scientific community growth and scientific communication, the following two research questions are formulated as basis for the study: 1. What are the current themes, what range of theories and methods are used in our research material? 2. What are the relationships between our research material with respect to choice of themes, theories and methods used, compared with the image given in earlier studies of LIS research? Our research material consists of all Swedish licentiate and doctoral theses in LIS defended at Swedish universities 1993-2011 and all master’s theses published at three different Swedish LIS departments (Borås, Lund and Uppsala) during the years 2008-2009. The theses have been collected and processed using an interpretative content analysis, which includes categorisation of themes, theories and methods, as well as statistical analysis. A compilation of the results suggests the dominance of certain categories of themes, theories and methods. The dominating themes are focused on different aspects of the Library as an entity. The dominating theories are sociological or philosophical (used alone or in combination), and the prominent methods used are interviews and text analysis. The results overall agree with earlier studies from the 21st century. However, studies from the 1990s show a different distribution of theme categories in older research publications in LIS. This difference may be attributed to different research trends over time, but also to the specific versions of content analysis applied. / Program: Bibliotekarie

The aim of this bachelor-thesis is to study how postgraduates approach open access during times of change within scholarly communication. Our theoretical framework is based upon Knorr Cetinas epistemic cultures and Cullen & Chawners theory that there is a paradigmatic conflict within scholarly communication due to the fact that open access has failed to reach the same level of prominence among researchers as it has within research libraries. We interviewed six postgraduates at Malmö högskola in order to find answers to our research questions. We identified a shared epistemic culture among the postgraduates, which can be explained by the fact that being postgraduates, they all share similar experiences and values. We chose to call this epistemic culture the horizontal epistemic culture. During the interviews institution-specific cultures were expressed as well. These institution-specific cultures we chose to call the vertical epistemic cultures. Our study shows that the basic principle of the open access movement, namely to make all research freely available, has encountered difficulties when it comes to being incorporated within both the horizontal and the vertical epistemic culture. The statements of the postgraduates unanimously show that open access is viewed neither as a concept nor as a real publishing-alternative for them. We can conclude that the statements of the postgraduates show a similar conflict between the traditional publishing system and open access publishing that Cullen and Chawner identified. Research libraries should be aware of these cultures in order to be able to collaborate more efficiently with the postgraduates. / Program: Bibliotekarie

This study discusses Open Access and scientific publication. That is, open access to scientific information via the internet. A network-based tool that can help enable and distribute published research globally. Research is considered a resource that should be free of restrictions such as copyright barriers or agreements among publishers. Colleges and University libraries suffer from high costs due to digital scientific publications, while increased profits fall on commercial publishers. Digitization and free access to scientific resources could contribute to socio-economic and environmental-related sustainable development in the society.

<p>The aim of this thesis is to analyze the academic discipline translation studies; the analysis centers upon bibliometric aspects, and is carried out chiefly by means of quantitative methods, enabled by the databases <em>Web of Science</em> and <em>Scopus</em> as well as by the corpus-linguistic software <em>Wordsmith;</em> however, this quantitative focus is complemented by auxiliary qualitative means of investigation, i.e. a discourse-analytically oriented study of a corpus of domain-endemic reviews.</p><p>A number of core journals are analyzed in order to show what and whom are cited in translation studies, and, furthermore, what adjacent domains hold sway over it; attention is also given to influential authors, regions and languages operating within the domain. It is shown that the domain under scrutiny is quite differentiated, even fragmentary; the term pluricentric is used to describe this tendency towards sprawling. No superior authors (in terms of publication frequency) emerge, which arouses the suspicion that the domain may be conditioned by a hierarchical divide between journals and monographs. Furthermore, it is clear that translation studies is a eurocentric domain: European languages dominate. This is, however, a contested state-of-affair; debates rage within the domain, evidencing a vibrant yet also discordant characteristic. The thesis also contributes to a meta-theoretical advancement within bibliometrics; it does so by showing the benefits and limitations of using quantitative tools to examine a domain located squarely within the humanities; the main contribution, however, lies in suggesting that <em>qualitative</em> methods are relevant to bibliometric endeavors, and in illustrating how such methods can be brought to bear on a somewhat overlooked genre, namely the scholarly review. Also worthy of note within this thesis is the cultural-studiesque critique of reified analytical categories within bibliometrics; such humanities-fueled critique is to be encouraged, and will hopefully flourish in future scholarly projects.</p><p>This is a two years master’s thesis in the field of library and information science.</p><p><strong> </strong></p>

The aim of this thesis is to analyze the academic discipline translation studies; the analysis centers upon bibliometric aspects, and is carried out chiefly by means of quantitative methods, enabled by the databases Web of Science and Scopus as well as by the corpus-linguistic software Wordsmith; however, this quantitative focus is complemented by auxiliary qualitative means of investigation, i.e. a discourse-analytically oriented study of a corpus of domain-endemic reviews. A number of core journals are analyzed in order to show what and whom are cited in translation studies, and, furthermore, what adjacent domains hold sway over it; attention is also given to influential authors, regions and languages operating within the domain. It is shown that the domain under scrutiny is quite differentiated, even fragmentary; the term pluricentric is used to describe this tendency towards sprawling. No superior authors (in terms of publication frequency) emerge, which arouses the suspicion that the domain may be conditioned by a hierarchical divide between journals and monographs. Furthermore, it is clear that translation studies is a eurocentric domain: European languages dominate. This is, however, a contested state-of-affair; debates rage within the domain, evidencing a vibrant yet also discordant characteristic. The thesis also contributes to a meta-theoretical advancement within bibliometrics; it does so by showing the benefits and limitations of using quantitative tools to examine a domain located squarely within the humanities; the main contribution, however, lies in suggesting that qualitative methods are relevant to bibliometric endeavors, and in illustrating how such methods can be brought to bear on a somewhat overlooked genre, namely the scholarly review. Also worthy of note within this thesis is the cultural-studiesque critique of reified analytical categories within bibliometrics; such humanities-fueled critique is to be encouraged, and will hopefully flourish in future scholarly projects. This is a two years master’s thesis in the field of library and information science.

During the spring of 2013 we developed a visual identity for Jönköping Bandy, a bandy association in Jönköping, which was founded in 1947. Jönköping Bandy’s main problem was the low interest for the association by the local people. The association also had problems with the economy, which made it hard for them to merchandise themselves. In Jönköping, there were a lot of sport associations, and therefore, it was difficult to find sponsors. One way to help the association, was to create a good visual identity for them. A visual identity that would reflect on the proper values of the association. The intention was: “Through graphical design, we want to convey Jönköping Bandy to a larger amount of people, and get increased knowledge in graphical idiom.” and was torn apart into these three questions: What core values does Jönköping Bandy have, and how can we convey them through the visual identity? Which visual materials does Jönköping Bandy need? How do other teams in Allsvenskan Södra merchandise themselves through their websites? The work began with a study of relevant theoretical literature, with focus on graphical design. After studying literature, we went into a more investigative section, where we interviewed Jönköping Bandy, and performed a survey with members of the association. With the survey, we corroborated the associations values. We also performed a competitive analysis about the other teams in Allsvenskan Södra and interviewed experts. We analysed the scientific studies, and compiled the information that we distilled from it. Our analysis showed that emotions such as sports, speed, family and children were in focus. After that, we started our design process, where the first step was to create a moodboard. The second step of our design process was to create an element, and after that create a basic layout to apply on the graphical materials in the visual identity. The finished visual identity became a strong, tuff profile that expressed a sense of sport and speed, which truly reflected Jönköping Bandy.    The conclusions of our work, was that the visual identity would help Jönköping Bandy to grow. Improvements that we would like to have seen, was that the enquiry could have been shorter, to give the design process more time. We would also have liked to seen competitive analyses that gave us more valuable information. / I examensarbetet under våren 2013 tog vi fram en grafisk profil åt Jönköping Bandy, en bandyklubb i Jönköping som bildades 1947. Problemet var att intresset för föreningen var lågt, och man saknade ekonomi för en bra marknadsföring. Det fanns många föreningar i och runt Jönköping, vilket även gjorde det svårt att locka sponsorer. Föreningen behövde en tydligare grafisk profil som speglade klubbens rätta värden och känslor. Syftet löd: ”Vi vill genom grafisk design nå ut med Jönköping Bandy till en större målgrupp, samt få fördjupade kunskaper inom grafiskt formspråk.” och bröts ner i dessa tre frågerställningar: Vilka kärnvärden har Jönköping Bandy och hur kan vi förmedla dem genom den grafiska profilen? Vilket grafiskt material behöver Jönköping Bandy? Hur profilerar sig andra bandylag i Allsvenskan södra genom sina webbsidor? Arbetet inleddes med en teoretisk studie där relevant litteratur inom området grafisk design studerades. Detta övergick sedan i en undersökande, vetenskaplig del. Där genomfördes intervjuer, konkurrentanalyser samt en enkätundersökning mot klubbens medlemmar, som styrkte klubbens kärnvärden. Samtliga vetenskapliga undersökningar sammanställdes och analyserades. Utifrån analysen startades designprocessen, där ett moodboard togs fram. Känslor som sport, fart, familj och barn/ungdomar sattes i fokus. Andra steget i designprocessen var att ta fram ett grafiskt element, som tillsammans med logotypen, skulle skapa en grundlayout, innan den applicerades på materialen i den grafiska profilen. Den grafiska profilen blev en enhetlig, tuff profil, med en stark känsla av sport och fart, där Jönköping Bandy speglades väl. Slutsatserna som drogs, var att den grafiska profilen kunde hjälpa Jönköping Bandy att växa. Förbättringar kunde vara att undersökningarna kortats ner, för att ge mer tid åt designprocessen. Konkurrentanalyser som gav mer väsentlig information hade även önskats.

SAMMANFATTNING ”Ju fler som äger  frågan, desto bättre kommer resultatet att bli” Förskolechefers syn på att utbildningen i förskolan ska vila på vetenskaplig grund och beprövad erfarenhet Antal sidor: 28 Från och med den 1 juli 2011 lyder förskolan under skollagen. Förskolan ses som första steget i utbildningsväsendet och utbildningen ska vila på vetenskaplig grund och beprövad erfarenhet. Studien syftar till att undersöka hur förskolechefer beskriver vetenskaplig grund och beprövad erfarenhet och hur de tänker att begreppen ska implementeras i verksamheten. Våra frågeställningar är: Hur uppfattar förskolecheferna   innebörden av begreppen vetenskaplig grund och beprövad erfarenhet och dess innebörd för den pedagogiska verksamheten?   På vilket sätt uppfattar de att dessa begrepp kan implementeras i verksamheten? För att få svar på våra frågor genomförde vi intervjuer med fyra förskolechefer. Intervjuerna transkriberades och analyserades. Utifrån tolkningar av svaren framkom fyra   områden: Ställningstaganden, Kommunikation/Dialog, Tydligare uppdrag och Dilemman i praktiken. Resultatet av studien visar att det finns en medvetenhet hos förskolecheferna om betydelsen av skollagens skrivning för förskolans verksamhet och status i samhället. Kravet på dokumentation ses som positivt, då förskolan tidigare varit dålig på att dokumentera sin verksamhet och koppla till forskning. Styrdokument och den egna utbildningen anses till stor del stå för den vetenskapliga grunden. Det komplexa är dock att den egna utbildningen upplevs som gammal och det gör implementeringsarbetet av de nya styrdokumenten svårt. En organisation där delaktighet, ett kritiskt förhållningssätt samt tid till diskussion och reflektion får plats är en förutsättning för att implementeringsarbetet ska lyckas. / ABSTRACT "The more people who own the issue, the better the result will be" Pre-school Managers' attitudes toward education in kindergarten, based on scientific basis and proven experience Number of pages: 28 On July 1, 2011 Swedish pre-school became an integral part and are now governed by the   Education Act. Pre-school is seen as the first step in the educational system and education shall be based on scientific basis and proven experience. The purpose of the study is to examine how pedagogical leaders describe scientific basis and proven experience and how   they think that the terms could be implemented in the pre-school practice.  Our queries are:  • What do pedagogical leaders of pre-schools perceiver the terms “scientific basis” and        “proven experience” will mean for the educational activities? • How can these terms be implemented in pre-school practice?   The study was conducted as a series of interviews with four pedagogical leaders of pre-schools. The discussions have been transcribed and analyzed. Based on these interpretations four areas of interest appeared: Standpoints; Communication / Dialogue; A pronounced mission and; Dilemmas in practice. The results acknowledge that pedagogical leaders recognize, not only the importance of   including pre-school as part of the Education Act, but also how the Act influences the pre-school status in society. The requirement for documentation is seen as positive, since pre-school historically has been poor at documenting the practice and subsequent link to research. Curriculums and the pedagogical leaders own education is considered to be the major source of scientific basis. However, here lies a complexity, because many pedagogical leaders own education is perceived as outdated and that makes the implementation work of the new curriculums difficult. An organization which recognizes participation, critical engagement, time for dialogue and reflection would most likely support these fundamentals as a means for the implementation work to succeed.

Analogiskt tänkande är en central kognitiv förmåga som vi använder i vardagslivet, såväl som i mer formella sammanhang, såsom i forskning och undervisning. Föreliggande avhandling behandlar hur analogier och analogiskt tänkande, uppmärksamhet på semantik och förståelse för vetenskaplig modellering kan användas för att hantera utmaningar i naturvetenskapsundervisningen, särskilt inom området termodynamik. Dessutom presenteras ett teoretiskt ramverk över hur analogiskt tänkande förhåller sig till semantik och vetenskaplig modellering, tre ämnesområden som alla utgår ifrån att finna motsvarigheter mellan två olika domäner. Mot denna bakgrund fokuserar avhandlingen på följande forskningsfrågor: I vilken utsträckning används analogier för att koppla olika representationer av ett fenomen till varandra och till det representerade fenomenet? Hur relaterar självgenerade analogier till vetenskaplig modellering? Avhandlingen består av fyra publicerade tidskriftsartiklar och en kappa. Den första artikeln är en semantisk utredning av ordet ’entropi’, den andra artikeln är en empirisk undersökning av synen på vetenskaplig modellering i olika kunskapstraditioner, och de tredje och fjärde artiklarna är empiriska undersökningar av fysiklärarstudenters respektive förstaklassares självgenererade analogier för termiska fenomen. Från ett metodperspektiv utfördes de empiriska studierna i en huvudsakligen kvalitativ tradition, där centrala resonemang exemplifieras genom analys av dialogutdrag. I de två studierna av självgenererade analogier fick deltagarna olika former av stöttning i form av social interaktion med varandra, gemensam erfarenhet av naturfenomen och diskussion kring deras representationer av fenomenen. I kappan utvecklas det teoretiska ramverket och mot den bakgrunden görs en omanalys av artiklarnas resultat. En central ståndpunkt i avhandlingen är att varje fenomen kan representeras på många olika sätt, som alla kan vara lämpliga och användbara i olika sammanhang med tyngdpunkt på olika aspekter av fenomenet. Rörande analogiskt tänkande anförs att elever och studenter kan skapa flera egna analogier för att få en rikare, kompletterande bild av ett fenomen, snarare än att undervisas utifrån en enda förment bästa analogi. Med utgångspunkt från vetenskaplig modellering kan olika representationer eller modeller lyfta fram olika aspekter av ett fenomen, med olika grad av idealisering och inom olika kunskapstraditioner. Slutligen, från ett semantiskt perspektiv kan ett ord svara mot flera, distinkta, men relaterade betydelser – fenomenet polysemi. Dessa tre perspektiv kan erbjuda konstruktivistiska ansatser till begreppsförståelse inom naturvetenskapsundervisningen, genom att elever och studenter uppmuntras att i dialog knyta till sin vardagsföreställning av de begrepp och fenomen de möts av, snarare än att byta ut den mot ett enda, förmodat korrekt vetenskapligt begrepp. Dessutom hävdas att den naturvetenskapsdidaktiska forskningen kan komma långt med ett strukturellt fokus på analogiskt tänkande och vetenskaplig modellering, där man försöker finna motsvarigheter mellan domäners beståndsdelar och deras relationer och helst isomorfism, en perfekt  överensstämmelse, men att beaktande av andra dimensioner, såsom en insikt i kognitionens förankring i kroppen och varseblivningen, de pragmatiska, kontextuella sammanhangen mot vilken bakgrund tänkande sker och språkets särskilda karaktär, krävs för en mer heltäckande bild. / Analogical reasoning is a central cognitive ability that is used in our everyday lives, as well as in formal settings, such as in research and teaching. This dissertation concerns how analogies and analogical reasoning, attention to semantics and insight into scientific modelling may be recruited in order to come to terms with challenges in science education, in particular within the field of thermodynamics. In addition, it provides a theoretical framework of how analogy relates to semantics and the practice of scientific modelling, three fields of study which all strive to map correspondences between two different domains. In particular, the dissertation addresses the following research questions: To what degree is analogy involved in connecting different representations of a phenomenon to each other and to the represented phenomenon? How do students’ selfgenerated analogies relate to the practice of scientific modelling? The dissertation comprises four published journal articles and a cover story. The first article is a semantic investigation of the word ‘entropy’, the second article is an empirical study of the view on scientific modelling in different traditions of knowledge, and the third and fourth articles are empirical studies of self-generated analogies for thermal phenomena among preservice physics teachers and first-graders, respectively. From a methodological point of view, the empirical studies were conducted in a primarily qualitative tradition, where central lines of reasoning are exemplified by analysis of dialogue excerpts. The two studies on self-generated analogies provided the participants with extensive scaffolding in the form of social interaction among peers, interaction with physical phenomena and discussion of their representations of the phenomena. The theoretical framework is developed in the cover story, which provides a background to the individual studies and reanalyses of the findings. A key claim of the dissertation is that any phenomenon can be represented in many different ways, all potentially adequate and useful in different contexts, emphasising different aspects of the phenomenon. Applied to the field of analogical reasoning, it is argued that students can generate several analogies themselves in order to get a richer, complementary view of a phenomenon, as opposed to be provided with a presumed best analogy. As for scientific models, many different representations or models may bring across different aspects of a phenomenon at varying degrees of idealisation and within different traditions of knowledge. Finally, in semantics, one word may correspond to several distinct, yet related, meanings: the phenomenon of polysemy. These three perspectives may provide constructivist approaches to conceptual development in science teaching, in which students are encouraged to connect to and enrich their everyday understanding of encountered concepts and phenomena in dialogue, rather than merely abandoning them for one single, supposedly correct, scientific concept. In addition, science education research can come quite far with structural approaches to analysing analogical reasoning and scientific modelling, establishing correspondences between entities in different domains, ultimately striving for isomorphism, perfect matches, but other dimensions, such as the perceptual, embodied nature of our cognition, the pragmatic, contextual circumstances in which any act of reasoning is performed, and the specificities of language, should also be taken into account for a fuller view.

2011 fick det svenska utbildningsväsendet en ny skollag, i vilken det står att utbildningen ska vila på vetenskaplig grund och beprövad erfarenhet. Tidigare studier har påvisat att förskollärare känner en osäkerhet inför vad det vetenskapliga begreppet innebär. Den här studien syftar till att undersöka förskollärares yrkesidentitet och yrkesspecifika kompetenser i relation till att förskolan vilar på vetenskaplig grund. Studien utgår från ett sociokulturellt perspektiv vilket innebär en syn på människor som deltagare i en social interaktion där handlingar och tänkande är situerade i en social kontext.  Studiens empiriska data härrör från fokusgrupper med förskollärare samt intervjuer med en lektor och en professor. Analysarbetet har genomförts med inspiration av Grounded Theory. Resultatet består av sju olika kategorier. Kollektiv kompetens som praxisbunden och verbal, Kompetens i form av görande, Kompetens som förmåga att hantera en komplex verksamhet, Personlighet som kompetens, Reflektion som kompetens, Se och förstå barns intentioner samt Kompetens och identitet i relation till en vetenskaplig grund. Det framkommer en hög kompetens hos förskollärare när de samtalar om sin verksamhet, men de har svårt att uttrycka sin kunskap i relation till vetenskapliga teorier. När de sätter ord på sin kompetens gör de det i termer av ett görande i en kollektiv och praxisbunden kultur.

Den här studien utforskar genom fenomenografins arbetssätt, vad det innebär för rektorer att undervisningen vilar på vetenskaplig grund och beprövad erfarenhet samt hur rektorerna arbetar för detta på sin skola. Skollagen från 2010 har i första paragrafen inskrivet att utbildningen ska vila på vetenskaplig grund och beprövad erfarenhet.  Genom intervjuer har rektorer i gymnasieskolan svarat på vad skollagens nya skrivning innebär för dem. Rektorerna har svarat på vad det innebär för dem att undervisningen på deras skola ska vila på vetenskaplig grund och beprövad erfarenhet och hur de arbetar för att detta ska komma till stånd. En differentierad bild ges av gymnasieskolornas olika förutsättningar att anta denna utmaning. Rektorerna visar på svårigheter med att ge alla elever samma förutsättningar, då bland annat ämne och programtillhörighet ger olika möjligheter. Rektorerna ger också en bild av att förlita sig på lärarnas utbildning och kompetensutveckling. / This study explores by the phenomenographic way of working, what it means for principals´ that education is scientific ground and evidence based and how the principals´ work to achieve this at their schools. The school law from 2010 has in its first paragraph inscribed that education should be scientific ground and evidence based. Principals´ at upper secondary schools have through interviews answered questions on what the new school law writing means to them. The principals´ have given replies on what it means for them that education at their schools is scientific ground and evidence based and how they work for this to become a standard.  A differentiated picture is given by the upper secondary schools different conditions to accept this challenge. The principals´ point out difficulties in giving all the students the same possibilities, when subject and belonging to a certain program give students different possibilities. The principals´ rely on the teachers´ education and skills development.