CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / Este estudo objetivou investigar os efeitos da inserÃÃo de glossÃrio e de diferentes tipos de glossÃrios multimidiÃticos no reconhecimento e produÃÃo dos significados das palavras-alvo e na compreensÃo de textos em inglÃs lÃngua estrangeira. A pesquisa desenvolvida para atingir-se esse objetivo fundamentou-se nos modelos interativos de processamento textual (CARRELL, 1988; ADAMS, 1979; entre outros) e nos estudos sobre os efeitos do conhecimento do vocabulÃrio (PERFETTI; HOGABOAM, 1975; ADAMS, 1979; MASSARO, 1975; JENKINS, 1974; e ANDERSON; FREEBODY, 1985; entre outros) e sobre o papel de glossÃrios (YANGUAS,2009; DAVIS,1989; BOWLES, 2004; CHUN; PLASS,1996; AL-SEGHAYER,2001) na compreensÃo de textos. Participaram desta pesquisa experimental alunos de nÃvel prÃ-intermediÃrio de proficiÃncia em lÃngua inglesa. Os participantes foram divididos em dois grupos e cada grupo foi submetido à tarefa de leitura de dois textos diferentes. Cada texto teve duas versÃes: uma com inserÃÃo de glossÃrio e uma versÃo sem glossÃrio. Cada grupo leu um texto em uma de suas versÃes, por exemplo, com inserÃÃo de glossÃrio, e o outro texto em uma outra versÃo, sem glossÃrio, por exemplo. Ao final da leitura de cada texto, os participantes tiveram que responder 3 (trÃs) perguntas de reconhecimento de palavras, 3 (trÃs) perguntas de produÃÃo de palavras e 3 (trÃs) perguntas de compreensÃo geral do texto. Os resultados obtidos indicam que a exposiÃÃo a qualquer tipo de glossÃrio multimidiÃtico na leitura de um texto em inglÃs favorece a um melhor desempenho em tarefas de produÃÃo e de reconhecimento dos significados das palavras-alvo do texto. No entanto, os resultados foram divergentes quanto à contribuiÃÃo da inserÃÃo de glossÃrio multimidiÃtico para a compreensÃo global do texto. Evidenciamos ainda que os glossÃrios constituÃdos de ilustraÃÃo, tanto os que apresentam apenas a ilustraÃÃo quanto os que aliam texto à ilustraÃÃo, sÃo os que mais contribuem para um melhor desempenho nas tarefas de reconhecimento e de produÃÃo de significado de palavras-alvo. Apesar de nÃo podermos fazer generalizaÃÃes quanto aos resultados obtidos, devido ao pequeno nÃmero de participantes da pesquisa e da falta de tratamento estatÃstico aos dados, acreditamos termos contribuÃdo para as pesquisas acerca do conhecimento do vocabulÃrio de um texto em lÃngua estrangeira na sua compreensÃo, apesar de os resultados obtidos nÃo corroborarem com a hipÃtese de que o conhecimento lexical à o principal fator para a leitura eficiente em lÃngua estrangeira / This study aimed at investigating the effects of different types of multimedia glossaries on the recognition and production of target words and on the comprehension of texts in English as a second language. The research developed to achieve this goal was based on the interactive models of text processing (CARRELL, 1988; ADAMS, 1979; among others) and on the studies of the effects of vocabulary (PERFETTI; HOGABOAM, 1975; ADAMS, 1979; MASSARO, 1975; JENKINS, 1974; and ANDERSON; FREEBODY, 1985; among others) and on the role glossaries play (YANGUAS,2009; DAVIS,1989; BOWLES, 2004; CHUN; PLASS,1996; AL-SEGHAYER,2001) in text comprehension. The participants of this study were English learners at the pre-intermediate level of language proficiency. These participants were split into two groups, and each group was assigned the task of reading two different texts. There were two versions of each text: one version in which a glossary of some words in the text was inserted, and another version with no glossary. Each group read one text in one these versions, for example, one text with the insertion of glossary, and the other text in the other version, without a glossary for example. After reading each text, the participants had to answer 3 (three) questions concerning the recognition of 3 (three) different words, 3 (three) questions concerning the translation of other 3 (three) words, and 3 (three) questions on the comprehension of the main ideas in the text. Results indicate that, when learners are exposed to any type of multimedia glossary while reading a text, they perform better in recognizing target words and in producing them. Nevertheless, results were inconclusive as to the role multimedia glossaries play in the comprehension of main ideas of a text. It was also observed that multimedia glossaries, which included some kind of illustration, either alone or along with a text, were more effective in contributing to a better performance in the recognition and production of target words. Although no generalizations concerning the results of this study can be made due to its small sample size and the lack of statistical treatment applied to the data, it can add to other studies concerning the role of vocabulary on understanding a text in a second/foreign language, even if the results do not support the hypothesis that lexical knowledge is the key factor for efficient reading in a second language

Orientador: Clotilde de Almeida A. Murakawa / Banca: Magali Sanches Duran / Banca: Eliana Dias / Banca: João Moraes Pinto Jr. / Banca: Odair Luiz Nadin / Resumo: O léxico é o nível da língua que mais revela o conhecimento de mundo de uma pessoa, uma vez que são as unidades lexicais a se referirem a elementos (ações, objetos, sentimentos, qualidades, eventos) do universo da vida humana. A realização deste trabalho foi motivada pela percepção da importância que a ampliação lexical tem no decorrer do caminhar de uma pessoa. Nessa ótica, é fato que a escola desempenha papel preponderante no desenvolvimento lexical de um aluno por ser o lugar em que ele entra em contato com um universo variado de textos. Desse modo, esta tese enfatizou aspectos referentes ao ensino-aprendizagem do vocabulário e apresenta subsídio metodológico, teórico e prático para o professor de Língua Portuguesa do Ensino Fundamental II, por meio de: i) orientações teóricas sobre o ensino do vocabulário; ii) sugestões sobre como ensinar o aluno a conhecer e a gostar de usar o dicionário e, desse modo, contribuir para que esse aluno utilize o dicionário como recurso didático útil, importante e prazeroso nos atos de leitura e de produção de textos; iii) exercícios diversos a respeito do vocabulário por intermédio de orientações para o aluno manusear o dicionário. Nessa perspectiva, os objetivos traçados para desenvolver este trabalho foram i) elaborar uma metodologia de ensino centrada nos aspectos da pedagogia do léxico durante as aulas de Língua Portuguesa do Ensino Fundamental II, mais precisamente nas turmas de 5ª. a 8ª. séries. Para a elaboração da proposta metodológica, no item em que são apresentados os exercícios de vocabulário, foi organizado um banco de dados no Programa Folio Views 4.2 com os textos dos Livros Didáticos utilizados nas aulas de Língua Portuguesa das escolas públicas da cidade de Cassilândia - Mato Grosso do Sul. / Abstract: The lexicon is the level of the language that shows the most the knowledge one has about the world, since the lexical unities refer to elements (actions, objects, feelings, qualities, events) of the human life universe. The fulfilment of this work was motivated by the perception of the importance that the lexical expansion has during someone's journey. From this point of view, it's a fact that the school has an important role on the lexical development of a student because it's the place where he/she is in contact with a great variety of texts. Thereby, this thesis emphasized the aspects related to vocabulary teaching and shows a methodological, theoretical and practical subsidy for the Basic Education Portuguese teacher by means of: i) theoretical orientations about vocabulary teaching; ii) suggestions on how to teach a student to know and like a dictionary and, this way, to contribute that this student will use the dictionary as a useful, important and pleasurable didactic resource, while reading and writing; iii) several exercises on vocabulary with some orientations about how the student can use the dictionary. From this perspective, the objective traced to develop this work was: i) to produce a methodology of teaching based on the aspects of the lexicon pedagogy during the Portuguese classes of the Basic Education, precisely in the groups of 5th and 8th grades. In this work, in the item where the exercises on vocabulary are presented, a database was organized in the Program Folio Views 4.2 with the texts extracted from the books used in the Portuguese classes of public schools in the city of Cassilândia - Mato Grosso do Sul. / Resumen: El léxico es un nivel de la lengua que más demuestra el conocimiento del mundo de una persona, puesto que son las unidades lexicales que se refieren a elementos (acciones, objetos, sentimientos, cuadidades, eventos) del universo de la vida humana. La realización de este trabajo fue motivada por la percepción de la importancia que la amplicación lexical tiene en el decurrir del caminar de una persona. En esa óptica, es facto que la escuela mantiene papel preponderante en el desesarollo lexical de un alumno por ser el lugar en que él entra en contacto con un universo variado de textos. Así, esta tesis ha enfatizado aspectos que se refieren a la enseñanza del vocabulario subsidio metodológico, teórico y práctico para el maestro de Lengua Portuguesa de la Enseñanza Fundamental por medio de: i) orientaciones teóricas sobre la enseñanza del vocabulario; ii) sugerencias sobre cõmo enseñarle al alumno a conocer y a gustar de usar el diccionario y, así, contribuir para que ese alumno utilize el diccionario como recurso didáctico útil, importante y plazeroso en los actos de lectura y de producción de textos; iii) ejercicios variados a respecto del vocabulario por intermédio de orientaciones para el alumno utilizar el diccionario. En esta perspectiva, lo objetivo trazado para desarollar este trabajo fue: i) elaborar una metodologia de enseñanza centrada en los aspectos de la pedagogia del léxico durante las clases de Lengua Portuguesa de Enseñanza Fundamental, más precisamente en las turmas de 5ª a la 8ª series. En la elaboración de este trabajo, en el iten en que son presentados los ejercicios de vocabulario, fue organizado un banco de datos en el Programa Folio Views 4.2 con los textos de los Libros Didácticos utilizados en las clases de Lengua Portuguesa de las escuelas públicas de la ciudad de Cassilandia - Mato Groso del Sur. / Doutor

Les objectifs de cette thèse s’inscrivent dans la large problématique de recherche d’information dans les données issues du Dossier Patient Informatisé (DPI). Les aspects abordés dans cette problématique sont multiples : d’une part la mise en oeuvre d’une recherche d’information clinomique au sein du DPI et d’autre part la recherche d’information au sein de données non structurées issues du DPI. Dans un premier temps, l’un des objectifs de cette thèse est d’intégrer au sein du DPI des informations dépassant le cadre de la médecine pour intégrer des données, informations et connaissances provenant de la biologie moléculaire ; les données omiques, issues de la génomique, protéomique ou encore métabolomique. L’intégration de ce type de données permet d’améliorer les systèmes d’information en santé, leur interopérabilité ainsi que le traitement et l’exploitation des données à des fins cliniques. Un enjeu important est d’assurer l’intégration de données hétérogènes, grâce à des recherches sur les modèles conceptuels de données, sur les ontologies et serveurs terminologiques et sur les entrepôts sémantiques. L’intégration de ces données et leur interprétation selon un même modèle de données conceptuel sont un verrou important. Enfin, il est important d’intégrer recherche clinique et recherche fondamentale afin d’assurer une continuité des connaissances entre recherche et pratique clinique et afin d’appréhender la problématique de personnalisation des soins. Cette thèse aboutit ainsi à la conception et au développement d’un modèle générique des données omiques exploité dans une application prototype de recherche et visualisation dans les données omiques et cliniques d’un échantillon de 2 000 patients. Le second objectif de ma thèse est l’indexation multi terminologique de documents médicaux à travers le développement de l’outil Extracteur de Concepts Multi-Terminologique (ECMT). Il exploite les terminologies intégrées au portail terminologique Health Terminology/Ontology Portal (HeTOP) pour identifier des concepts dans des documents non structurés. Ainsi, à partir d’un document rédigé par un humain, et donc porteur potentiellement d’erreurs de frappe, d’orthographe ou de grammaire,l’enjeu est d’identifier des concepts et ainsi structurer l’information contenue dans le document. Pour la recherche d’information médicale, l’indexation présente un intérêt incontournable pour la recherche dans les documents non structurés, comme lescomptes-rendus de séjour ou d’examens. Cette thèse propose plusieurs méthodes et leur évaluation suivant deux axes : l’indexation de textes médicaux à l’aide de plusieurs terminologies et le traitement du langage naturel dans les textes médicaux narratifs. / The aim of this thesis is part of the broad issue of information retrieval in Electronic Health Records (EHRs). The aspects tackled in this topic are numerous : on the one hand clinomics information retrieval within EHRs and secondly information retrieval within unstructured data from EHRs. As a first step, one of the objectives is to integrate in EHRs information beyond the scope of medicine to integrate data, information and knowledge from molecular biology ; omic data from genomics, proteomics or metabolomics. The integration of this type of data improves health information systems, their interoperability and the processing and exploitation of data for clinical purposes. An important challenge is to ensure the integration of heterogeneous data, through research on conceptual models of data, ontology and terminology servers, and semantic data warehouses. The integration of this data and their interpretation into a conceptual data model is an important challenge. Finally, it is important to integrate clinical research and fundamental research in order to ensure continuity of knowledge between research and clinical practice and to understand personalized medicine challenges. This thesis thus leads to the design and development of a generic model of omics data exploited in a prototype application for information retrieval and visualization in omic and clinical data within a sample of 2,000 patients. The second objective of this thesis is the multi-terminological indexing of medical documents through the development of the Extracting Concepts with Multiple Terminologies tool (ECMT). It uses terminologies embedded in the Health Terminology/Ontology Portal (HeTOP) to identify concepts in unstructured documents. From a document written by a human, and therefore potentially showing typing errors, spelling or grammar mistakes, the challenge is to identify concepts and thus structure the information contained in the text. In health information retrieval, indexing is of great interest for information retrieval in unstructured documents, such as reports and medical notes. This thesis proposes several methods and their evaluation along two axes : the indexing of medical texts using several terminologies and the processing of natural language in narrative medical notes.

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No description available.

Denna uppsats undersöker hur svenska kontrollerade vokabulärer hanterar inkluderande perspektiv. Svenska ämnesord är en nationellt kontrollerad vokabulär med ämnesord som skapats och administreras av Kungliga biblioteket och som används av svenska bibliotek för indexering. Biblioteken strävar efter stabila söksystem, samtidigt förändras ordens betydelse snabbt. Det är en utmaning för biblioteken att säkerställa hög sökbarhet men undvika att använda ett diskriminerande språk. Syftet med denna uppsats är att studera hur inkluderande perspektiv används i svenska kontrollerade vokabulär. Fyra frågor har formulerats, den första handlar om hur ämnesord om etnicitet och nationalitet är representerade i Svenska ämnesord. De övriga tre frågorna handlar om hur Kungliga biblioteket och andra svenska institutioner arbetar med sina kontrollerade vokabulärs administration samt språklig instabilitet. Med Derridas teorier om dekonstruktion undersöks hur den Andre representeras i Svenska ämnesord, som ingår men skiljer sig från västerländska etniciteter och nationaliteter. Ämnesord som berör den Andre är konstruerade annorlunda, de innehåller mer förklarande kvalificeringar och varianter. Andra utmaningar som administratörer av de kontrollerade vokabulärerna har är att undvika partisk indexering och att upprätthålla ett stabilt system och samtidigt kontextualisera uttryck i ämnesord som kan anses vara diskriminerande. Uppsatsen diskuterar även hur olika kontrollerade vokabulärer är beroende av varandra. / This essay examines how Swedish controlled vocabularies handle inclusive perspectives. Svenska ämnesord is a national controlled vocabulary containing subject headings that is created and administered by The Royal Library and used by Swedish libraries for indexing. Libraries strive for stable search systems, at the same time the meaning of words changes rapidly. It is a challenge for libraries to ensure high searchability but avoid using discriminatory language. The purpose of this essay is to study how inclusive perspectives are used in Swedish controlled vocabularies. Four questions have been formulated, the first one concerns how subject headings about ethnicity and nationality are represented in Svenska ämnesord. The other three questions address how the Swedish Royal Library and other Swedish institutions work with their controlled vocabularies’ administration and linguistic instability. With Derrida's theories of deconstruction the essay examines how the Other is represented in Svenska ämnesord, which is included but differs from western ethnicities and nationalities. Subject headings that concern the Other are constructed differently, they contain more explanatory qualifiers and variants . Other challenges administrators of the controlled vocabularies pointed out are to avoid biased indexing and maintain a stable system and at the same time contextualize expressions in subject headings that could be considered as discriminatory. The essay also discusses how different controlled vocabularies are interdependent.

This study delves into the intricacies of the language used in wine reviews, focusing on the adoption of standardised wine vocabularies, specifically the original Wine Aroma Wheel (Noble A. C. et al., 1984) and the Wine Lexicon of the Wine and Spirit Education Trust (WSET Level 4 Systematic Approach to Tasting Wine®, 2023). It investigates the extent to which professional wine reviewers adhere to these standard lexicons or opt for individualistic expression. An essential component of the research identifies and analyses emerging terms in wine reviews, shedding light on the evolving nature of wine discourse. The study's findings indicate that while standardised vocabularies are influential and foundational, there remains room for individualised expression in conveying the nuanced sensory experience of wine tasting. Additionally, the research highlights the importance of these emergent terms and their potential to enrich existing wine vocabularies. Given the global nature of the wine industry, the study underscores the need for a more inclusive and adaptive linguistic approach. To this end, the research suggests the potential benefits of a controlled vocabulary system tailored for the wine sector. Despite its inherent challenges, such a system could streamline wine descriptions, promoting a more consistent understanding across diverse audiences along with better communication among professionals. / Questo studio approfondisce la complessità del linguaggio utilizzato nelle recensioni di vino, focalizzando sull'adozione di linguaggi standardizzati e in particolare su "The Wine Aroma Wheel" (Noble A. C. et al., 1984) e su "The Wine Lexicon of the Wine and Spirit Education Trust" (WSET Level 4 Systematic Approach to Tasting Wine®, 2023). La ricerca intende concentrarsi nella misura in cui i recensori professionisti di vino aderiscono a questi linguaggi controllati, o preferiscono optare per un'espressione individuale. Una parte sostanziale della ricerca che identifica ed analizza i termini emergenti nelle recensioni di vino, rivela l'evoluzione del discorso sul vino. I risultati dello studio indicano che, sebbene i linguaggi standardizzati siano influenti e fondamentali, lasciano ancora spazio all'espressione personale a descrivere l'esperienza sensoriale della degustazione del vino. Inoltre, i risultati sottolineano l'importanza dei termini emergenti e la loro potenzialità di arricchire i linguaggi inerenti al discorso di vino. Considerando la visione olistica dell'industria vinicola, questo studio mette in rilievo la necessità di un approccio linguistico più inclusivo e flessibile. In tal senso, si propongono i benefici impliciti di un sistema di linguaggio controllato su misura per il settore vinicolo. Nonostante le complessità che possano insorgere, un sistema di questo tipo potrebbe semplificare la descrizione del vino, promuovendo sia l'intesa reciproca tra gruppi di persone diversi, che una migliore comunicazione tra i professionisti nel mondo del vino.

This study demonstrates, through the detailed examination of a specific example of written Old English, that a very large proportion of the general vocabulary of Old English survives in some form in Late Modern English. The "Finnsburg Fragment" is parsed and translated and its lexicon glossed. After a brief discussion of several special semantic categories and the traditional categories of semantic change, the study enlarges upon the historical setting which influenced the loss, retention, shift, or stability of these two hundred Old English words. Appendices group the lexicon by parts of speech as well as by semantic history.

La production et la maintenance de contenus géographiques se fait souvent grâce à la mise en commun de contributions diverses. La mise à jour des données de l'IGN s'appuie ainsi sur l'intégration de données de partenaires ou la prise en compte d'alertes d'évolution du terrain. C'est également le cas des contenus libres produits par des projets communautaires comme OpenStreetMap. Un aspect problématique est la gestion de la qualité d'un contenu géographique collaboratif, particulièrement de leur cohérence afin de permettre que des prises de décision s'appuient dessus. Cette cohérence est liée à l'homogénéité de la représentation de l'espace, ainsi qu'à la préservation d'informations importantes non explicites mais qui peuvent être retrouvées sur les entités décrites grâce à leurs géométries. Ce travail de thèse propose un modèle baptisé Coalla pour l'édition collaborative d'un contenu géographique avec gestion de la cohérence. Ce modèle comporte trois contributions : 1) l'identification et la définition des éléments que doit comporter un vocabulaire formel visant à faciliter la construction d'un contenu géographique collaboratif ; 2) un processus d'aide à la construction à la volée d'un vocabulaire formel à partir de spécifications formelles des bases de données IGN et à des vocabulaires collaboratifs existants, et 3) une stratégie d'évaluation et de réconciliation des contributions afin de les intégrer d'une façon cohérente au contenu central. Notre modèle Coalla a été implémenté dans un prototype / Geographic content production and maintenance is often done through a combination of various contributions. Thus, updating IGN geographic data relies on integrating data from partners or by involving field change alerts. This is also the case of free content produced by community projects such as OpenStreetMap. An important problem is quality management of collaboratively produced geographic content, in particular consistency management. This allows for decision-making which is based on this content. Data consistency depends on how homogenous space representation is. Likewise, it depends on preserving important non-explicit information that can be found on the geometries of the entities described in the content. This Thesis proposes a model baptized Coalla for collaborative editing of geographic content with consistency management. The model has three contributions: 1) identifying and defining elements that should be included in a formal vocabulary to facilitate the construction of collaborative geographic content, 2) user assistance process to help users build on the fly a formal vocabulary extracted from formal IGN databases specifications and existing collaborative vocabularies, and 3) a strategy for evaluating and reconciling user contributions in order to coherently integrate them into the content. Our model Coalla has been implemented in a prototype

Acompanha: Sequência didática: trabalhando os conceitos de atomística com alunos surdos e Glossário de conceitos químicos para alunos surdos / Este trabalho investigou a compreensão de conceitos químicos por alunos surdos, por meio da implementação de uma Sequência Didática (SD) composta por atividades fundamentadas em conceitos químicos sobre atomística e com o uso de um Glossário de termos químicos elaborado em LIBRAS. A principal questão de investigação foi: “Quais são os indícios de aprendizagem dos alunos surdos com a utilização de um glossário com termos químicos associados ao conceito de átomo?”. A SD intitulada “Trabalhando os conceitos de atomística com alunos surdos”, foi aplicada no Centro de Atendimento Educacional Especializado para Surdos (CAES) do Colégio Estadual Marquês de Caravelas – Ensino Fundamental, Médio e Profissionalizante, localizado no Município de Arapongas, no norte do estado do Paraná. Participaram três estudantes surdas do primeiro, secundo e terceiro ano do Ensino Médio. O trabalho de natureza descritivo exploratória, com abordagem predominantemente qualitativa, foi desenvolvido por meio da pesquisa de campo e pesquisa-ação. A coleta dos dados foi realizada por meio de entrevista semiestruturada, na qual as respostas serviram para a investigação da aprendizagem de conceitos químicos com sinais desconhecidos ou inexistentes. Também foi utilizada uma atividade de associação de conceitos químicos às respectivas imagens representativas e a construção de um mapa conceitual semiestruturado. A análise dos resultados revelou que a SD abordada em Língua de Sinais, com atividades visuais e a discussão dos termos químicos a partir do glossário com os sinais específicos contribuiu e facilitou a compreensão da aprendizagem das alunas que participaram do estudo. / This work investigated the comprehension of chemical concepts for deaf students, by means of a Didactic Sequence (DS) consisting of activities based on chemical concepts on atomistic subject and the use of a glossary of chemical terms prepared in Brazilian Language of Signs. The main research question was: "What are the evidences of learning for deaf students when they use a glossary of chemical terms associating images to the concept of atom?". The SD named “Working concepts of atomistic with deaf students" was applied to the Specialized Educational Service Center for the Deaf (CAES) of State College Marquês de Caravelas - Elementary School, Middle and College, located in the city of Arapongas, in northern state of Parana. Three deaf students currently in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd year of high school had participated of the schedule activities. The work had an exploratory and descriptive nature with qualitative approach and was developed through field research under action research. Data collection was conducted through semi-structured interview in which the answers were used for the investigation of learning of chemical concepts with unknown or missing signals. It was also used and activity of matching chemical concepts to their representative images and the construction of a semi-structured conceptual map. The results showed that DS addressed in sign language with visual activities and discussion of chemical terms from the glossary of specific signs contributed and facilitated the learning of the students who participated in the study.