This report presents the fmdings of an exploratory study into the perceived benefits and subjective experiences of Local Bird Guides along the Zululand Birding Route, an avitourism project, sponsored by Rio-Tinto, managed by BirdLife South Africa (BLSA), one of the largest conservation Non-Governmental Organisations in South Africa. The report explores the impact development and empowerment, through training, offered by BLSA as part of a conservation initiative, has had on the every day lives of Local Bird Guides. The fmdings are based on research generated by conducting qualitative, semistructured interviews with eight Local Bird Guides operating along the Zululand Birding Route. Recorded interviews were transcribed, and analysed using theory led thematic analysis. The results of the study provide insight into the perceived benefits and expectations of participants, their experiences, perceptions, expectations and disappointments in respect of the project. / Thesis (M.A.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2007.

Šiuolaikiniame informacijos amžiuje televizija tampa vienu iš vaiko ugdymo veiksnių, greta kitų veiksnių – mokyklos ir šeimos, kurie suformuoja ir įtvirtina kultūrines bei socialines vertybes. Patirtis, gaunama iš televizijos filmų, tampa reikšmingesne, negu gaunama iš tėvų. Televizijos filmų vaidmens reikšmingumo suvokimą pabrėžia socialinio išmokimo teorijos kontekstas (A. Bandura, 1977), kurios pagrindinis teiginys – individas socialinio elgesio išmoksta stebėdamas.( Ši teorija sudaro metodologinį tyrimo pagrindą). Tyrimo problema –televizijos filmai daro poveikį vaiko socialinio elgesio išmokimui (išmokimui stebint). Tyrimo objektas – televizijos filmų poveikis vaiko socialinio elgesio išmokimui. Darbo tikslas - atskleisti televizijos filmų daromą poveikį vaiko socialinio elgesio išmokimui. Uždaviniai: 1. Apibrėžti pagrindinius vaiko socializaciją lemiančius veiksnius. 2. Atskleisti elgesio modelio poveikį vaiko socialinio elgesio išmokimui. 3. Charakterizuoti išmokimo stebint televizijos filmus požymius. 4. Nustatyti 10-12 metų amžiaus vaikų išmokimą, stebint televizijos filmus. 5. Išryškinti televizijos filmų poveikį vaiko emocijoms. Tyrimo metodai: mokslinės literatūros analizė, anketinė apklausa, stebėjimas ir interviu. Siekiant atskleisti televizijos filmų poveikį vaiko socialinio elgesio išmokimui, derintos kokybinė bei kiekybinė metodologijos, pasirinktas aprašomasis tyrimo tipas. Tyrimo dalyviai - 100 5kl. mokinių, besimokančių Marijampolės vidurinėje mokykloje... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / In our contemporary times of informatics television has become one of the factors of a child's education, together with other factors like schools and families, which form and consolidate cultural and social values. The experience gained from television, becomes more important than experience gained from parents. A comprehension of the importance of television films' role is emphasized in the context of social learning theory (A. Bandura, 1977), which main statement is that an individual learns social behaviour by watching. (This theory makes the background of methodological research). The main problem of the research – television films have an influence on a child's learning of social behaviour (learning by watching). The object of research – the influence of television films on a child's learning of social behaviour. The aim of the work - to reveal the impact of television films on a child's learning of social behaviour. The main tasks: 1. To define the main factors determinating child's socialisation. 2. To reveal the influence of a model of behaviour on a child‘s learning of social behaviour. 3. To describe the main features of learning by watching. 4. To identify the learning of ten to twelve-year-old children by whatching films. 5. To highlight the impact of television films on childrens' emotions. The methods of research: the analysis of scientific literature, questionnaire survey, observation and interview. Seeking to reveal the influence of... [to full text]

Darbo objektas – fizinio aktyvumo, sveikatos bei savęs vertinimo ryšys su laiku, praleidžiamu prie TV ir kompiuterio. Tyrimo problema. Medikams ir sveikatos specialistams nerimą kelia blogėjanti moksleivių sveikata (Zaborskis ir Makari, 2001; Goštautas ir Šeibokaitė, 2006; Zaborskis ir Vareikienė, 2008). Lyginant Lietuvos 1994 ir 1998 metų tyrimo duomenis su kitų šalių duomenimis, nustatyta didelė nepakankamai fiziškai aktyvių paauglių dalis. Lietuva, pagal nepakankamai fiziškai aktyvių moksleivių dalį, užima paskutiniąsias vietas (Zaborskis ir Makari, 2001). Daugėja moksleivių, laiką leidžiančių prie kompiuterio ir televizoriaus ekranų. 2002 metų tyrimo duomenimis, 50,4 proc. Lietuvos berniukų ir 64,4 proc. mergaičių yra nepakankamai fiziškai aktyvūs (Zaborskis ir Lenciauskienė, 2006). Tyrimų duomenimis maždaug kas trečias (32,2 proc.) 11, 13 ir 15 metų moksleivis savo sveikatą vertina patenkinamai arba blogai (Zaborskis ir Vareikien, 2008). Nepakankamo fizinio aktyvumo ir sveikatos sutrikimų priežasčių reikėtų ieškoti analizuojant šiuolaikinėje visuomenėje populiariausių informacinių technologijų, tokių kaip televizija ir kompiuteris, naudojimo paplitimą tarp moksleivių. Esami tyrimų rezultatai pagrindžia problemos aktualumą ir skatina šios srities mokslinius tyrimus. Darbo tikslas – nustatyti moksleivių fizinio aktyvumo, sveikatos bei savęs vertinimo ryšį su laiku, praleidžiamu prie TV ir kompiuterio. Darbo uždaviniai: 1) Nustatyti moksleivių fizinį aktyvumą lyties... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Object of work – relation of physical activity, health and self-evaluation with time spent at TV and computer. Problem of research. Doctors and health experts have worries about the worsening health of students (Zaborskis and Makari, 2001; Goštautas and Šeibokaitė, 2006; Zaborskis and Vareikienė, 2008). When comparing the research data of 1994 and 1998 with the data in other countries, a big part of physically inactive students has been observed. According to the part of physically inactive students, Lithuania takes the last places (Zaborskis and Makari, 2001). The number of students spending time at the computer and TV is increasing. According to the 2002 research, 50,4 per cent of Lithuania’s boys and 64,4 per cent of Lithuania’s girls are not sufficiently active (Zaborskis and Lenciauskienė, 2006). According to the survey, nearly every third (32.2 per cent) of students aged 11, 13 and 15 evaluate their health as satisfactory or bad (Zaborskis and Vareikienė, 2008). Such results show the actuality of the problem and encourage research in this field. The lack of physical activity and health disorders reasons must be sought in today's society information technologies such as analyze the prevalence of use television and computer among school children. Current research results support the relevance of the problemandencourage research in this area. Aim of work - to define the relation of physical activity, health and self-evaluation with time spent at TV and computer. Objectives... [to full text]

Sufficient physical activity, a key prerequisite for health, is lacking in many teenagers. Limited knowledge, however, exists about who, when, why, and if New Zealand teenagers are getting their daily dose of health-related physical activity. At conception of this thesis, available information was predominantly survey-derived with no New Zealand data and few international studies that had assessed adolescent physical activity levels objectively. Data were collected from three projects. Convenience sampling was used across all projects to recruit students from low-decile high schools located in the Auckland region. For Project 1, 236 Year 9 to Year 13 students each wore a pedometer for five days (three weekdays and two weekend days) and reported their mode of transportation to and from school. To explore ethnic and sex-specific perceptions of physical activity among youth (i.e., barriers, benefits, potential physical activity enhancing strategies), Project 2 involved nine focus group discussions with 44 Year 9 and Year 10 students who identified as Māori or European. Project 3 was a large cross-sectional study of 3,451 high school students (Years 9 - 13) from seven low-decile schools. Through this project the following self-reported data were collected: demographics, physical activity levels during four school-day physical activity opportunities (i.e., active travel, lunchtime physical activity, recess physical activity, after-school physical activity), sedentary behaviour (i.e., school-day television (TV) watching), level of perceived encouragement to be active, and the presence of home policies regarding TV use. Analyses revealed low physical activity participation and high TV use behaviours. Pedometer data showed that only 14.5% of participants achieved a conservative criterion of 10,000 steps daily. Also, daily steps varied by age group (junior students: 11,079 ± 330; senior students: 9,422 ± 334), sex (males: 10,849 ± 381; females: 9,652 ± 289), time of week (weekday: 12,259 ± 287; weekend day: 8,241 ± 329), and transportation mode to/from school (walkers: 13,308 ± 483; car transit users: 10,986 ± 435). Low school-day physical activity levels emerged, especially during school hours (i.e., during recess and lunchtime). Based on dichotomised grouping (less active versus more active), the proportion of students in the ‘more active’ group during morning recess and lunchtime, after school, and as part of active travel to/from school were 26%, 32.4%, 56.3%, 58.1% respectively. Only 11.1% of participants were in the ‘more active’ group across all four physical activity opportunities. The focus group data revealed primarily social benefits of physical activity (e.g., meeting new people, fun). Barriers were mainly environment-related and included lack of peer support, low accessibility to and availability of physical activity opportunities, alternative sedentary activities, structure of physical education classes (females only), and distance between home and school (in terms of active transportation). Potential strategies to increase physical activity reflected the articulated barriers and benefits (e.g., increase peer support, parents to turn off the TV, organised activities at school, restructure physical education classes to allow student involvement in the decision-making process of class content). No ethnic and few sex differences in perceptions were found. Focusing on the verbalised importance of social support from the focus groups, Project 3 data showed that the strength of association between perceived encouragement from different support sources (i.e., parents, older siblings/cousins, peers, school) and physical activity participation varied by the physical activity opportunity examined. In particular, multivariate logistical regression showed reduced odds of being in the ‘more active’ group was associated with low parental encouragement (Juniors, OR: 0.47, 95% CI: 0.38-0.58; Seniors, OR: 0.41, 95% CI: 0.29-0.60) and low peer encouragement (Juniors, OR: 0.61, 95% CI: 0.51-0.74; Seniors, OR: 0.49, 95% CI: 0.35-0.69) for after-school physical activity, low peer encouragement (Juniors, OR: 0.39, 95% CI: 0.32-0.48; Seniors, OR: 0.41, 95% CI: 0.29-0.57) for lunchtime activity, and low peer encouragement (Juniors, OR: 0.78, 95% CI: 0.66-0.92) for active transportation (junior students only). No significant difference in physical activity was found between students who received high encouragement from two parents than students who reported high encouragement from their sole parent in a single parent family. Concentrating on the after-school period, Project 3 data were analysed to examined the relevance of the displacement hypothesis during this school-day period. The association between parental strategies (i.e., encouragement to be active and having TV limits) and youth after-school activity behaviours (i.e., hours spent viewing TV, physical activity participation) was also examined. Support for the displacement hypothesis emerged. In particular, compared to students who watched less than one hour of TV, those who watched greater than four hours of TV were half as likely to be in the more active group for after-school physical activity participation (adjusted OR: 0.51; 95% CI: 0.40-0.65). Comparing activity profile groups (i.e., based on combined TV use and after-school activity levels), compared to the participants in the ‘low TV/active’ group, participants in the other three activity groups (e.g., ‘high TV/low active’) were at least 1.28 times more likely to have parents that executed only one parental strategy and up to 4.77 times more likely to have parents that did not carry out either strategy. Substantive opportunities exist for youth to be active every day, and in different contexts and environments, yet a large proportion of young people are not maximising these opportunities to be active. If the health issue of inactivity is to be tackled in a comprehensive and efficient manner, a multi-strategy, multi-environment, coordinated approach among local authorities, government agencies, schools, families, and neighbourhoods is required to address the noted policy, physical, and social-related associates of an active lifestyle for youth. Future effort, whether in the form of strategy development, intervention work, or research, needs to be founded upon ecological theory, where both individual and a range of familial, social, and physical environmental factors (and there potential interactions) are considered. Lastly, equal research attention should be directed at improved physical activity levels, and just as importantly, reducing time youth spend in a sedentary state.

Thesis (M.S.)--Oregon State University, 2008. / Printout. Includes bibliographical references. Also available on the World Wide Web.

Notre travail se penche sur les circonstances et les conséquences de l’insertion de l’image dans un ensemble textuel sur l’écriture. Quels sont les enjeux et les implications d’une telle démarche lorsqu’elle est menée sciemment par l’écrivain ? Dans la littérature contemporaine européenne, A.S Byatt et Peter Handke sont de ceux qui manient la plume comme le pinceau et travaillent le langage comme une matière plastique, la figure même de l’artiste travaille l’univers fictionnel en profondeur, nourrissant et transformant l’écriture au fil d’un apprentissage tout entier centré sur le regard. La matière littérature s’interroge, loin d’une démarche plus traditionnelle qui traite l’image plastique comme une simple source d’inspiration à la façon de Tracy Chevalier.Certaines oeuvres inclassables, comme Henri Matisse, Roman de Louis Aragon ou Cantique de Matisse de Michel Butor choisissent l’entre-genre pour toucher à une possible harmonie littérature-peinture. La musique s’en mêle parfois, passant outre les frontières entre les arts. Que se passe-t-il quand l’écrivain peut, à juste titre, être appelé "plasticien" ? Bien qu’il se situe dans une approche intersémiotique littérature-arts plastiques, ce travail de recherche n’entend pas analyser l’inscription de la peinture dans le texte sur le mode de la transposition ou de l’illustration, il ne s’agit pas non plus de discerner les modalités picturales contenues dans l’appareil textuel et d’en dégager les effets ni d’assimiler stricto sensu la technique d’un peintre à celle d’un écrivain. / Our work focuses on the circumstances and the consequences of the insertion of imagery in thetextual body on writing. What are the issues and the implications of such an approach when it is conducted knowingly by the writer? In contemporary European literature, A. S. Byatt and Peter Handke are of those who handle the quill like a brush and work language as a plastic substance;their attitude is that of the artist who works the fictional universe in depth, nourishing and transforming script-writing through an acquisition centred entirely on watching. Literature as substance questions itself in a way which is far from a rather traditional approach which treats the plastic image as a simple source of inspiration, as is exemplified by the work of Tracy Chevalier.Certain non-classable works, like Henri Matisse, Roman by Louis Aragon or Cantique de Matisse by Michel Butor choose the mixed-genre to touch a possible literature-painting harmony. Musicmingles at times passing across boundaries among the arts. What happens when the writer can becalled, appropriately, “plastic arts technician”? Though indeed situated in an intersemiotic literature-plastic arts approach, this research does not intend to analyze how painting is inserted inthe text by way of transposition or illustration. Moreover, it is not concerned with discerning the pictorial modalities contained in the textual apparatus and dissimulating the effects or assimilating stricto sensu the technique of a painter to that of a writer.

abstract: Whale watching has been hailed by environmental non-governmental organizations like Greenpeace and the International Fund for Animal Welfare as a responsible form of tourism that has the potential to enhance conservation outcomes for cetaceans, while also supporting the economic development of coastal communities. Tourism research suggests that while it is possible for whale watching to provide these benefits, it may also have considerable costs to members of host communities and cetaceans. My dissertation sought to gather data on the economic, ecological, and social impacts of whale watching in the Caribbean in order to evaluate the industry's performance in the region. My project thus took the form of three sub-projects. The first used an ordinary least squares analysis to examine the relationship between Caribbean country characteristics and whale watching expenditures. This analysis showed that a country's level of development changes the strength of correlations, that mass tourism development is negatively associated with whale watching profits, and that cetacean biodiversity and whale watching regulations designed to protect cetaceans both had positive relationships with the whale watching industry. In the second sub-project, I developed an index of Caribbean cetacean vulnerability to the negative impacts of whale watching with a traditional literature review informed by systematic methods. The index illustrated that both target and non-target species had vulnerabilities, and that regulations addressing these issues in the Caribbean were lacking overall. Considerable gaps in data were also identified. Finally, I used qualitative interviews in Dominica and the Dominican Republic to gather information on resident perceptions of whale watching. This analysis revealed overall positive perceptions of the industry in both countries, but also uncovered considerable levels of social conflict surrounding whale watching. Taken together, the results of my study suggest that better regulatory structures, investment in the local community, and efforts to maximize cooperation are needed in order for the Caribbean whale watch industry to better serve local communities, while mitigating its impacts on cetaceans. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Environmental Social Science 2017

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:22:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-07-07Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:48:50Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 viola_mvc_me_ia.pdf: 3993699 bytes, checksum: d6cef3ca3237cfcbe6ba25b12420fde0 (MD5) / Essa dissertação foi elaborada a partir de uma pesquisa cujo objetivo principal foi compreender como estudantes de um curso de educação de jovens e adultos realizaram leituras de imagens de diferentes meios. Mais do que analisar suas leituras, o trabalho objetivou mostrar suas interpretações sobre as imagens que lhes foram apresentadas em situações de ensino de arte. Metodologia de pesquisa e metodologia de ensino fundiram-se e distanciaram-se alternadamente. No processo de aulas, as imagens foram lidas pelos estudantes e no processo de pesquisa, o registro minucioso e o diálogo com autores possibilitou a construção deste trabalho. Como resultados, é possível registrar que houve uma aproximação entre estudantes e conhecimento que passou a incluir outras linguagens que não somente a escrita. Houve, ainda, a construção da capacidade de expressão e organização de idéias que foi acompanhada pela valorizacão de suas próprias falas enquanto viram a si mesmos como sujeitos pensantes. Em decorrencias, vimos todos diminuir a rejeição de suas falas. Encontrei, também, maior força argumentativa e crítica durante o processo que se manifestou por perguntas que fluíram após superação de inibições iniciais. O medo de perguntar foi cendendo lugar à força da curiosidade. / This work was created from a research which primary objective was to unterstand how students who attend courses for young and adults held image readings from diffent sources. Beyond simply analying their readings, the work was intended to release their own interpretations of the images which had been showed them in situations of art education. There has been a merger between research methodology and education methodology which have alternately bee an separating from each other. In the course of classes, the images had been read by the students and during the research process, the detailed register and the dialogue with authors became possible the creation of this work. As a result, it is possible to register that there has been an approach between students and knowledge hat started including other languages apart from the writing one. Besides all that, there have ideas' expression and organization creation in conjuction with the appreciation of their own speeches whenever considered themselves as thinkers. As a consequence, the reduction of their speechers has ben perceived by us. I have also found a greater argumentative and critical force during process revealed by endless questions that have flowed after overcoming preliminary inhibitions. The insecurity for asking has progressively been replaced by the force of the curiosity.

Entertainment is an ever-changing medium, and television specifically has gone through many technological innovations since its bright beginnings. These innovations have consistently changed the way stories are told. Stylistic shifts in key elements ranging from shot format to the way shows are constructed can be seen especially clearly in horror which does not have the same narrative constraints as many other genres, and therefore more room to experiment. By tracking changes in the narrative formats of serialized and anthology horror shows, I define a new era of television brought about by the prevalence of streaming, and the rise of binge culture.

Syfte: Studien syftar till att få en djupare förståelse i hur användarens tittarvanor påverkas av Netflix design och teknik, och huruvida dessa uppmuntrar användaren till Binge Watching. Teori: Studien använder sig främst av Sidneyeve Matrix (2014) teori och forskning om det tekniska fenomenet Binge Watching från artikeln “The Netflix Effect: Teens, Binge Watching and on Demand Media Trends” samt Jonas Löwgrens (2002) teori om kvalitet på användning från artikeln “The use qualities of digital designs, draft 1.0”. Även Gunnar Nygren och Ingela Wadbrings (2013) forskning om den tekniska utvecklingen från publikationen “På väg mot medievärlden 2020” används i undersökningen. Metod: Studien utgår från en kvalitativ forskningsmetod baserad på enskilda djupgående intervjuer. Resultat: Resultatanalysen indikerar att Netflix teknik och funktioner har en stor påverkan på användaren och dess tittarvanor. Informanterna upplever att de utan dessa funktioner inte hade använt tjänsten i lika stor utsträckning och att en lojalitet och känslomässig hängivenhet upprättats efter Netflix många taktiker att förbättra den personliga användarupplevelsen. De tekniska funktionerna har även resulterat i att samtliga informanter kontinuerligt Binge Watchar och inte sällan ser fler avsnitt av en serie än från början tänkt. / Purpose: The study aims to gain a deeper understanding of how the users viewing habits are influenced by Netflix design and technology, and whether they encourage the user to Binge Watching. Theory: The study mainly uses the theory and research by Sidneyeve Matrix (2014) on the technical phenomenon Binge Watching from the article “The Netflix Effect: Teens, Binge Watching and on Demand Media Trends” and the theory about the use qualities by Jonas Löwgren (2002) from the article “The use qualities of digital designs, draft 1.0”. The research on technological developments by Gunnar Nygren and Ingela Wadbring (2013) from the publication “På väg mot medievärlden 2020” is also used in this study. Method: The study is based on a qualitative research method based on individual in-depth interviews. Results: The result analysis indicates that Netflix technologies and features have a transparent impact on users and their viewing habits. The informants felt that they without these features would not have used the service to the same extent and that loyalty and emotional commitment was established due to the many tactics Netflix used to improve the personal user experience. The technical features have also resulted in an increased Binge Watching for all of the informants who also often view more episodes of a series than originally thought. It also became clear that it was the technology, features and wider range that made Netflix the most preferred VoD service among the informants.