Submitted by JOSIANE SANTOS DE OLIVEIRA (josianeso) on 2017-06-20T12:15:07Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Elisa Fauth da Motta_.pdf: 5354547 bytes, checksum: 8c4b1966770db91dee057c8f04d50bd9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-20T12:15:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Elisa Fauth da Motta_.pdf: 5354547 bytes, checksum: 8c4b1966770db91dee057c8f04d50bd9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-05-15 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Esta dissertação analisa as relações entre os discursos da moda veiculados na imprensa e a construção dos estereótipos de gênero femininos, nos anos de 1960 a 1970, no Rio Grande do Sul. Para isso, foram analisadas as colunas de moda publicadas no jornal Correio do Povo e na Revista do Globo neste período, além de fotografias publicadas nestes veículos e também aquelas que evidenciam o cotidiano porto-alegrense. A partir dessas fontes buscou-se apresentar as principais tendências de moda divulgadas no Sul e como elas se relacionavam com os ideais de feminilidade vigentes. Procura-se entender de que maneira os discursos do sistema da moda atuavam na manutenção dos estereótipos de gênero e também na proposta de novos ideais de feminilidade. Como resultado, foi possível observar que estes veículos de imprensa optavam por divulgar tendências de moda relacionadas a um comportamento controlado das mulheres, associado à elegância, mantendo afastadas de suas publicações sugestões que poderiam apresentar formas consideradas mais liberais de movimento corporal e comportamental. / The current dissertation intends to analyze what are the associations between fashion speeches disseminated in the press and the production of female stereotypes, from 1960 to 1970, in Rio Grande do Sul. For that, I analyzed the fashion columns published in the newspaper Correio do Povo and in the magazine Revista do Globo during this period, along with photographs published in these means and also those that highlight Porto Alegre’s everyday life. Through these sources, it is meant to show the main fashion trends spread by these means of communication and how they relate with the time’s ideals of femininity. It was intended to understand in which way the speeches of fashion system acted in the maintenance of gender stereotypes and also in the purpose of new ideas of femininity. As a result, it is possible to observe that these vehicles opted by publishing fashion trends related to the controlled behavior of women, associated with elegance, keeping away from their publications suggestions that could present more liberal kinds of body and behavior movements.

Esta pesquisa é um levantamento das reportagens presentes em REALIDADE a respeito de mulheres e gênero, e a análise de como a publicação tratou esses assuntos ao longo de sua existência. Buscou-se, aqui, a inserção da revista na história da imprensa, assim como as suas relações com os poderes econômico e político e a sua trajetória, de seu lançamento em 1966 ao seu término em 1976. As questões de gênero foram incluídas nesse contexto, sob as perspectivas das representações de mulheres veiculadas pela imprensa e da liberação feminina em processo, ambos temas recorrentes em REALIDADE. A análise ficou dividida entre as questões que envolviam a vida íntima de mulheres (sexualidade e família) e a atuação feminina extralar (trabalho e política) e o olhar masculino dirigido a elas. Pretende-se, com este trabalho, examinar as histórias propagadas pela imprensa levando-se em consideração o filtro dos jornalistas e as influências dos proprietários da Editora Abril e da ditadura civil-militar instaurada. Com esse enfoque, espera-se que este estudo seja uma contribuição para a visibilidade das mulheres em um período no qual imperava a Doutrina de Segurança Nacional, de forma que as pequenas resistências de comportamento corriam o risco de serem consideradas uma ameaça ao Estado. Contudo, muitas mulheres continuaram lutando para a conquista de direitos e mais liberdades. / This research is a counting of the reports present in the magazine REALIDADE about women and gender, and the analysis of how the periodical treated these subjects all over its existence. It was searched here the inclusion of the magazine in the press history, as long as its relations with the economic and political power, since the launch in 1966 to the break down in 1976. The gender issues were included in this context, under the view of women’s representations spread by the press and women’s liberation process, both of them recurrent themes in REALIDADE. The analysis was divided among the questions that involve the intimate life of women (sexuality and family) and the female performance outside the home (work and politics) and the male view directed to them. The intension with this work is to examine the stories spread by the press, taking into account the journalists filters and the influences of Editora Abril’s owners and the civil-military dictatorship established. With this approach, it’s expected that this study contribute to the visibility of women in a time of National Security Doctrine, when the small resistances of behavior were in risk of being considered a threat to the State. Even so, many women kept fighting to the reach of more rights and freedom.

Violence against women (VAW) is a global problem existing in all cultures. This study is performed because there is a lack of knowledge about how healthcare personnel treat VAW to promote health and to alleviate suffering. The aim is to describe how healthcare workers experience violence against women and how it influences the care. Qualitative semi structured individual interviews were made with three nurses and one medical student in Egypt. The interviews were taped and transcribed before the text was analyzed by qualitative content analysis. The result showed that women were subordinated and discriminated in Egypt and in the healthcare. The care for the abused women was focused on first aid, and the respondents expressed that it was the woman’s own decision and responsibility to report or do any further actions. Often the violence was ignored or silenced. Violence and threats was accepted by the society and individuals as a mean for handling conflicts and was used in the healthcare settings as well. The respondents expressed a need for change and a wish for decreasing the violence, work for equality and stressed the importance of education in society. They also emphasised the need for women to gain more economic independence. Attitudes of healthcare workers need to be addressed and further investigation is necessary to prevent VAW. / Program: Sjuksköterskeutbildning

This licentiate thesis examines the development of the life insurance industry during the period 1855-1914. The aim with the study is to recognise dimensions not frequently addressed by previous research on the insurance industry, namely the impact of social dimensions, including the implicit and explicit economic importance of social movements and the diffusion of knowledge in society at large for the development of the life insurance industry. The study shows that income and price had limited importance in explaining the demand for life insurance before the 20th century and that this can be attributed to a lack of sufficient knowledge regarding financial issues and to a far too high access cost in acquiring a life insurance for a large part of society. The development of the life insurance industry must therefore be understood through improved knowledge both on the part of the life insurance companies and on part of the consumers. The licentiate further shows how diffusion of knowledge throughout society also was due to a diffusion of democratic ideas and the rise of social movements, movements that life insurance actors were a part of. These actions helped open up the financial market for the masses and probably also strengthened the trust towards the industry. It is however hard to dismiss the life insurance actors’ engagement in women’s movement as a cover-up for other disguised motives not so honourable, while a direct economic gain for the life insurance industry is hard to establish.

Blanche Armwood was a remarkable black woman activist, from Tampa, Florida, who devoted her life to improving the political, social, and economic status of blacks in the Jim Crow South. Local historians have kept Armwood's legacy alive by describing her achievements and by emphasizing her dedication to the African-American population during one of the most racist periods in American history. In their efforts to understand Armwood's career, scholars depend upon race as the primary category of analysis and focus mainly on the external forces that defined Armwood's world. They argue that she became resigned to her lot in life as a black woman, and consequently chose to accommodate rather than challenge the Southern racial system. This thesis offers an alternative interpretation of Armwood's activism. It argues that Blanche Armwood rejected the white supremacist ideology of the Jim Crow South and insisted on equal opportunity and political equality for all African-Americans. This study examines how social variables such as race, gender, and class intersected in her life, shaping her world view and leadership style. It explores how Armwood's experiences as a southern, middle-class, black woman affected her racial ideology. Armwood left behind a powerful legacy of resistance against the second-class status that white America imposed on blacks during the nadir in African-American history. She contested the white South's perception of African-American women. In a world that associated them with Mammy and Jezebel stereotypes, Armwood insisted that African-American women deserved the same respect that society accorded white women. Armwood fought for political equality, demanding that black women should have the right to vote and participate in the civic process as women and as African-Americans. In addition, she believed that the federal government had a responsibility to protect all its citizens and that every American was entitled to equal treatment before the law. Finally, Armwoodʹs racial uplift work revealed her faith in the cornerstone of the American creed, its promise of equal opportunity. She provided some blacks with the chance to move away from poverty and illiteracy to become respectable middle-class Americans.

This thesis examines the role self-help microfinance Saving Groups play in women’s empowerment in villages in Mbale district, Uganda. Central for the study is to identify the challenges and opportunities that participation in Saving Groups brings in women’s everyday life. The thesis is a result of a qualitative field study in Uganda, where eleven mothers attending Saving Groups in the villages Nashikhaso, Bubuyera and Mulyuli were interviewed. The findings show that loans from the groups have allowed the interviewees to improve their farming and thereby gain an annual income which has led to several life-changing opportunities. The ability to pay for children’s education is recognized as most valued for the women’s self-esteem, self-confidence and hope for a better future. Moreover, the findings show that even though the Saving Group’s function as a financial instrument is important, their function as a center where women can socialize and find support and knowledge may be even more vital for women’s empowerment. Patriarchal structures are affected since the Saving Groups have given women that want to make a change an arena in which to do so. Thus, through the group, women have entered a traditionally men-only zone where they redefine roles and norms.

Abstract not available

<p>This licentiate thesis examines the development of the life insurance industry during the period 1855-1914. The aim with the study is to recognise dimensions not frequently addressed by previous research on the insurance industry, namely the impact of social dimensions, including the implicit and explicit economic importance of social movements and the diffusion of knowledge in society at large for the development of the life insurance industry. The study shows that income and price had limited importance in explaining the demand for life insurance before the 20th century and that this can be attributed to a lack of sufficient knowledge regarding financial issues and to a far too high access cost in acquiring a life insurance for a large part of society. The development of the life insurance industry must therefore be understood through improved knowledge both on the part of the life insurance companies and on part of the consumers. The licentiate further shows how diffusion of knowledge throughout society also was due to a diffusion of democratic ideas and the rise of social movements, movements that life insurance actors were a part of. These actions helped open up the financial market for the masses and probably also strengthened the trust towards the industry. It is however hard to dismiss the life insurance actors’ engagement in women’s movement as a cover-up for other disguised motives not so honourable, while a direct economic gain for the life insurance industry is hard to establish.</p>

<p>The aim of this study was to find out how features that have been found to be typical of women’s language, such as hedges, tag questions and a high level of talkativeness etc., are represented in a popular TV series. Five cross-sex conversations from one episode of the sitcom <em>The New Adventures of Old Christine </em>were analyzed, and the results show that many of the features of interest, as for instance tag questions, minimal responses and indirect style, are unexpectedly used more frequently by men in this small investigation. In fact, the only feature that was used more frequently by the female main character was hedges. Several factors affect the results of the study, as for instance the fact that the conversations are fictional. The special characteristics of the speakers also affect the results, as well as the tone and the topic of the chosen conversations. Many of the features of interest were used to a very small extent, which is probably a result of the fact that the language in a sitcom is to be entertaining and rather quick, which leaves little or no room for the features studied.</p>

<p>The aims of intrapartal care are a healthy mother and child and a positive birth experience for the woman. The aims should be achieved using the least possible number of interventions that is compatible with safety. The overall aim of this thesis was to develop an instrument based on the WHO’s recommendations for care in normal birth, to describe documented intrapartal care in a pre- and post-test following a quality improvement program and to elucidate women’s perceptions of received intrapartal care. The Delphi method was used to develop the instrument. Birth records were scrutinized in the pre-test (n=212) as well in the post-test (n=240). Women’s (n=138) perceptions were collected with a questionnaire.</p><p>An instrument with 69 questions and 24 follow-up questions was developed. The results from the pre-test showed that WHO’s recommendations were only partly followed. Intrapartal care for women at low-risk was similar to care for women at high-risk. Areas for improvement were identified and a quality improvement program was carried out during a two-year period. The post-test showed that the intrapartal care changed towards more adherence to WHO’s recommendations, especially for areas where guidelines were written and for women at low-risk. No statistically significant differences were found for the number of spontaneous vaginal deliveries, mother and child at low-risk after birth, active labour longer than 12 hours or second stage longer than one hour. The result from the women’s questionnaire showed that they to a great extent received care which encompassed practices that are demonstrably useful and should be encouraged. The women’s perceptions were that all received care was of great subjective importance.</p><p>The instrument developed from WHO’s recommendations can be used to examine intrapartal care. Midwives should carry out a risk assessment on the woman’s arrival at the maternity unit and plan the care together with the woman and significant others. Midwives’ documentation needs to change to incorporate interpersonal aspects. Women’s faith in intrapartal care shows the importance of continuous education for midwives in evidence-based care for normal birth. National evidence-based guidelines for intrapartal care need to be developed.</p> / <p>Målet med förlossningsvården är en frisk mor och ett friskt barn samt en för kvinnan positiv upplevelse av förlossningen. Dessa mål skall eftersträvas med minsta möjliga ingrepp i förlossningens förlopp men med bibehållen säkerhet för mor och barn. Det övergripande syftet med denna avhandling var att, utifrån WHO:s rekommendationer avseende vård vid normal förlossning, utveckla ett instrument för att kartlägga barnmorskors dokumenterade förlossningsvård före och efter ett kvalitetsutvecklingsprogram samt belysa kvinnors uppfattningar av förlossningsvård.</p><p>Instrumentutvecklingen genomfördes med Delfimetoden. Förlossningsjournaler granskades vid såväl föremätning (n= 212) som eftermätning (n=240). Kvinnors (n=138) uppfattningar insamlades med en enkät.</p><p>Ett instrument omfattande 69 frågor och 24 uppföljningsfrågor utvecklades. Resultatet av föremätningen visar att WHO:s rekommendationer bara delvis följdes. Vården skilde sig i liten utsträckning för kvinnor med låg- respektive högrisk. Förbättringsområden identifierades och ett kvalitetsutvecklingsprogram genomfördes under en tvåårsperiod. Eftermätningen visar att vården förändrades i riktning mot WHO:s rekommendationer, särskilt för de områden där riktlinjer utvecklats samt för kvinnor i lågriskgruppen. Inga statistiskt signifikanta skillnader noterades beträffande antalet spontana förlossningar, antalet mödrar och barn som var lågrisk efter förlossningen, antalet aktiva förlossningar över 12 timmar och antalet förlossningar med utdrivningsskede över 1 timma. Enkätstudien till kvinnorna visar att de i stor utsträckning erhöll vård enligt den praxis som är bra och bör uppmuntras. Kvinnorna uppfattade genomgående att erhållen vård var av stor subjektiv betydelse.</p><p>Instrumentet med utgångspunkt från WHO:s rekommendationer kan användas vid kartläggning av förlossningsvård. Barnmorskor bör göra en riskbedömning vid kvinnans ankomst till förlossningen och planera vården tillsammans med kvinnan och anhöriga utifrån denna. Barnmorskors dokumentation behöver förändras för att såväl omfatta medicinsk-tekniska som mellanmänskliga aspekter. Kvinnors tillit till förlossningsvården visar på vikten av att barnmorskor erhåller kontinuerlig fortbildning i evidensbaserad vård avseende normal förlossning. Evidensbaserade nationella riktlinjer för vård vid förlossning behöver utvecklas.</p>