O objetivo deste trabalho consiste em apresentar os autores e as principais ideias que levaram ao que ficou conhecido como neocalvinismo holandês no século XIX. A partir do desenvolvimento de ideias como a soberania de Deus, a graça comum, o mandato cultural, a crítica a dicotomia grega na teologia e outras, é que homens como os holandeses Abraham Kuyper e Herman Dooyeweerd, tiveram suas vidas marcadas como cristãos que lutaram e viveram por um cristianismo que não aceitasse ficar relegado dentro dos muros eclesiásticos. Compreendendo o cristianismo como uma cosmovisão abrangente a partir do motivo básico bíblico Criação-Queda-Redenção, os proponentes desse movimento de reforma influenciaram diversos cristãos e pensadores em todo o mundo. Nos últimos anos também no Brasil se constata a atuação de pessoas simpatizantes deste movimento bem como o surgimento de publicações sobre o tema da cosmovisão cristã. Marcadamente um movimento com pretensões de reforma cultural e não meramente eclesiásticas, as iniciativas multiplicam-se pelo país. Além dos principais autores que deram origem ao neocalvinismo holandês, este trabalho visa também focar o surgimento do conceito de cosmovisão cristã e quais seriam os desdobramentos e a proposta de inserção social ou cultural na concepção dos proponentes do movimento. / The purpose of this work is to present the authors and the main ideas which led to what became known as Dutch Neo-calvinism in the nineteenth century. From the development of ideas as the sovereignty of God, common grace, the cultural mandate, the criticism of theology and the Greek dichotomy and others, is that the Dutch men like Abraham Kuyper and Herman Dooyeweerd, had their lives marked as Christians who fought and lived for a Christianity that did not accept to be relegated within the church walls. Understanding Christianity as a comprehensive worldview from the Biblical ground-motive Creation-Fall-Redemption, the proponents of this reform movement influenced many Christian and thinkers worldwide. In recent years in Brazil it is also noted the role of people sympathetic to this movement and the emergence of publications on the subject of the Christian worldview. Markedly, a movement with claims of cultural reform and not merely ecclesiastical, initiatives are multiplying across the country. In addition to the authors that gave rise to the Dutch Neo-calvinism, this work also aims to focus on the emergence of the concept of Christian worldview and what the consequences are and the proposed inclusion of social and cultural proponents of the movement.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico / nÃo hà / A presente tese tem como foco a valorizaÃÃo da CosmovisÃo Africana no Ãmbito escolar em situaÃÃo de formaÃÃo de professores. Sua relevÃncia justifica-se legalmente a partir de 9 de janeiro de 2003, quando o entÃo presidente da RepÃblica, Luiz InÃcio Lula da Silva, promulga a Lei N. 10.639/2003, que versa sobre a inclusÃo do ensino da HistÃria e da Cultura Africana e Afro-Brasileira nas escolas de ensino bÃsico. Aos professores, cabe o cumprimento do disposto legal. Contudo, apesar do que versa citada a lei, os docentes nÃo tiveram, de um modo geral, em sua formaÃÃo inicial, a preparaÃÃo adequada para as exigÃncias da articulaÃÃo de tais conteÃdos em sua prÃtica educativa. PorÃm, a ResoluÃÃo CNE/CP NÂ. 01/2004 orienta que à responsabilidade das InstituiÃÃes de Ensino Superior oportunizar a formaÃÃo inicial e continuada de professores, assim como realizar atividades de ensino, pesquisa e extensÃo sobre o tema. Inspirada pelos elementos expostos, resolvi realizar um curso de formaÃÃo para professores no estado do Piauà articulando a trÃade ensino, pesquisa e extensÃo, uma vez que sou professora da Universidade Federal daquele estado, na cidade de Floriano, local da pesquisa de campo. Trata-se de uma pesquisa-formaÃÃo com influÃncia da pesquisa-aÃÃo e da sociopoÃtica a partir dos fundamentos do aporte teÃrico-metodolÃgico intitulado Pret@gogia. A FormaÃÃo aconteceu durante o perÃodo letivo de 2011 e 2012 na Escola Municipal EleutÃrio Rezende e sua execuÃÃo deu-se como projeto de extensÃo universitÃria contando com quatro bolsistas envolvidos. Seu principal objetivo foi promover o curso de formaÃÃo para professoras do Ensino Fundamental I, objetivando a valorizaÃÃo do tema gerador âCosmovisÃo Africanaâ. Realizamos sete mÃdulos durante os quais professoras, pesquisadora e bolsistas do projeto de extensÃo estudaram, elaboraram e aplicaram planos de aÃÃo interventivos para a formaÃÃo das professoras. Estas, por sua vez, reeditaram suas propostas pedagÃgicas e curriculares transformando o espaÃo escolar em territÃrio de valorizaÃÃo da cosmovisÃo africana a partir da articulaÃÃo teÃrico-metodolÃgica de seus princÃpios fundamentais. AlÃm dessa constataÃÃo, a anÃlise das aÃÃes interventivas tambÃm nos revelou o potencial transformador-pedagÃgico de uma pesquisa-formaÃÃo, sobretudo na perspectiva da autoformaÃÃo para todas nÃs envolvidas no processo. A pesquisa tambÃm està ancorada em um referencial teÃrico-metodolÃgico em fase de gestaÃÃo pelo nÃcleo das Africanidades Cearenses da UFC, o qual ajudo a elaborar e aplicar no Ãmbito da pesquisa e do ensino intitulado Pret@gogia. Esse aporte orienta-se pelos princÃpios da ancestralidade e da oralidade presentes na cosmovisÃo africana. Elaborei um estilo particular de escrita. Arrisco-me na criaÃÃo de personagens, que chamo de meus âeusâ ancestrais. Eles narram a pesquisa a partir de contos em enredos que procuram articular a exigÃncia cientÃfica necessÃria a uma pesquisa à escrita literÃria e à tradiÃÃo oral da cosmovisÃo africana. / This thesis focuses on the enhancement of African Worldview in the school situation in teacher training. Its relevance is justified legally from January 9, 2003, when the then president, Luiz InÃcio Lula da Silva, promulgates the Law N. 10.639/2003, which concerns the inclusion of the teaching of History and Culture of African and Afro - Brazilian in primary schools. Teachers, it is compliance with law. However, despite what the law cited versa, teachers did not have, in general, in their initial training, adequate preparation for the demands of articulation of such content in their educational practice. However, the CNE / CP no. 01 /2004 instructs that it is the responsibility of higher education institutions nurture the initial and continuing training of teachers, as well as carry out teaching, research and outreach on the topic. Inspired by the elements exposed, I decided to conduct a training course for teachers in the state of Piauà articulating the triad teaching, research and extension, since I am a professor at the Federal University of PiauÃ, in the city of Floriano, local field research. It is a researchtraining to influence the action research and sociopoÃtica from the fundamentals of theoretical and methodological titled Pret@gogia. The training took place during the school year of 2011 and 2012 at the Municipal School Eleuterio Rezende and his execution took place as university extension numbering four fellows involved. Its main objective was to promote the training course for teachers of elementary school, aiming at the enhancement of generator theme "African Worldview" We conducted seven modules, during which teachers, researcher and scholars extension project studied, developed and implemented action plans for interventional training of teachers. These in turn reissued their pedagogical and curricular transforming the school into the territory of valuing African worldview through the articulation of its theoretical and methodological principles. In addition to this finding, analysis of interventive actions also revealed in the transformative potential of research - teaching â training, particularly in view of the self-training for all of us involved in the process. The research is also grounded in a theoretical- methodological phase of pregnancy the nucleus of Africanidades Cearenses - UFC and I help develop and implement in the context of research and teaching titled pret@gogia. This contribution is guided by the principles of ancestry and orality present in the African worldview. Elaborated a particular style of writing. I venture in creating characters, which I call my "I" s ancestors. They narrate tales from research plots in seeking to articulate the scientific rigor required a survey of literary writing and oral tradition of the African worldview.

Submitted by Erika Demachki (erikademachki@gmail.com) on 2017-02-20T17:16:10Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Lucas Gonçalves Brito - 2017.pdf: 3182105 bytes, checksum: bc7f3ad8225d009a7abf4b776a4f40bd (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Rejected by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com), reason: BRITO, Lucas Gonçalves. “O véu do congá do pai Joaquim”: cosmovisão, ritual e experiência ou sobre três aspectos do conhecimento umbandista. 2017. 178 f. Dissertação (mestrado em Antropologia Social) - Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, 2017. ERRADO A DATA E LETRA "M" de MESTRADO. Na verdade, o aluno deve ter trocado os anos, pois diz ter defendido em 2017, mas escreveu a versão definitiva da dissertação em 2016 (quase impossível não ter feito nenhuma alteração a pedido da banca). Com isso, o primeiro ano é o da publicação, ou seja, 2016, e o segundo ano é o da defesa, 2017. BRITO, Lucas Gonçalves. “O véu do congá do pai Joaquim”: cosmovisão, ritual e experiência ou sobre três aspectos do conhecimento umbandista. 2016. 178 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Antropologia Social) - Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, 2017. CERTO on 2017-02-21T12:37:04Z (GMT) / Submitted by Erika Demachki (erikademachki@gmail.com) on 2017-02-22T17:41:37Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Lucas Gonçalves Brito - 2017.pdf: 3182105 bytes, checksum: bc7f3ad8225d009a7abf4b776a4f40bd (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Erika Demachki (erikademachki@gmail.com) on 2017-02-22T17:42:29Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Lucas Gonçalves Brito - 2017.pdf: 3182105 bytes, checksum: bc7f3ad8225d009a7abf4b776a4f40bd (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-22T17:42:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Lucas Gonçalves Brito - 2017.pdf: 3182105 bytes, checksum: bc7f3ad8225d009a7abf4b776a4f40bd (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-09 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This Thesis of Master aims to contribute to the construction of analytical devices which allow the comprehension of the umbandista movement from an ethnographic and anthropological perspective, considering lived experience as preponderant factor in the theory’s horizon. The assumption is the theoretical openness to the native’s point of view (GEERTZ, 1997) and the attention to native concepts (STRATHERN, 2014), thereby configuring an epistemological humbleness, based on the ethnographic encounter in which researcher and researched share an intersubjective experience in and of the time – the exercise of coevalness, defined by Fabian (2013). Through fieldwork, interviews and conversation between august 2015 to august 2016 we could see that, for “filhos de Oxalá da Casa de Pai Joaquim”, Umbanda is Unified Knowledge whose origins date back to Lemuria and Atlantida. This text methodologically combines three aspects of umbandista knowlegde as it stands in “umbanda de Pai Joaquim”, namely, worldview, ritual and experience. We conclude that the native concept of Aumbandan has theoretical implications to the study of Umbanda, especially the serious need to take it as an epistemology. / Esta dissertação tem como objetivo contribuir para a construção de ferramentas analíticas que possibilitem a compreensão do movimento umbandista através de uma perspectiva etnográfica, antropológica e que considere a experiência vivida como fator preponderante no horizonte da teoria. Partindo da abertura teórica ao ponto de vista nativo (GEERTZ, 1997) e da atenção aos conceitos nativos (STRATHERN, 2014), configura-se uma humildade epistemológica; fundada no encontro etnográfico em que pesquisador e pesquisados compartilham uma experiência intersubjetiva do e no tempo – o exercício do que Fabian (2013) definiu como ‘coetaneidade’. Através de pesquisa de campo, entrevistas e conversas entre agosto de 2015 a agosto de 2016, pôde-se verificar que, para os filhos de Oxalá da Casa de Pai Joaquim, a Umbanda é um Conhecimento Uno cuja origem remonta à Lemúria e à Atlântida. O texto, metodologicamente, conjuga três aspectos do conhecimento umbandista tal como se apresenta na umbanda de Pai Joaquim, a saber, a cosmovisão; o ritual; a experiência. A conclusão é de que o conceito nativo de Aumbandan traz implicações teóricas para o estudo da Umbanda, principalmente a séria necessidade de considerá-la uma epistemologia.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:48:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Leandro Antonio Lima.pdf: 9528334 bytes, checksum: 56aba09c075b0933555ebcb16dcb7977 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-10-30 / Approaches the movement called New Calvinism which was established by the North American media as one of the 10 ideas changing the world. Analyses the birth of the movement and its appearance in important North American media outlets such as Time Magazine and New York Times. Relates the main theological and practical points of the movement as well the authors which are most associated with New Calvinism and the main spheres of influence of the movement. Compares New Calvinism with Traditional Calvinism, emphasizing the continuity and the discrepancies the most recent movement with its predecessor. Establish the real backdrop of the movement as well as its main appeals to the modern day and age. Evaluates the psychological and social aspects of the movement and notes the small influence it has on society and culture and seeks to point out the potential that New Calvinism has to dialogue with the modern age. Supplies theological material for complementation in light of Kuyper's ideas. Concludes that New Calvinism has not yet truly influenced the world in a lasting way, but it surely points a possible way to do so. / Aborda o movimento chamado de Novo Calvinismo que foi estabelecido pela mídia norte-americana como uma das dez idéias que estão mudando o mundo. Analisa o surgimento do movimento e seu destaque concedido por importantes mídias norte-americanas como Time Magazine e New York Times. Relata os principais pontos teológico-práticos do movimento e de seus autores representativos, bem como as principais esferas de atuação do mesmo. Compara o movimento denominado Novo Calvinismo com o Calvinismo tradicional, enfatizando a continuidade e as discrepâncias do mesmo em relação ao seu antecessor. Estabelece o verdadeiro pano de fundo do movimento, bem como seu principal apelo à época atual. Avalia os aspectos psico-sociais do movimento, constata a fraca influência sócio-cultural dele e busca estabelecer os potenciais do Novo Calvinismo para dialogar com a época atual. Fornece subsídios para uma complementação teológica do movimento à luz do Kuyperianismo. Conclui que o Novo Calvinismo ainda não é uma influência real e duradoura para o mundo, mas aponta os caminhos para como poderia ser.

>Magister Scientiae - MSc / The Cape Floristic Region, situated at the southern tip of Africa, is one of the world’s most botanically diverse regions. The biodiversity of this region faces various types of threats, which can be divided into three main categories, namely increasing urbanisation, agriculture expansion, and the spread of invasive alien vegetation. It has been shown that botanically diverse areas are more prone to invasion by invasive alien plant (IAP) species. The Hawequa conservation area, in the south-western Cape, is particularly botanically diverse, such that it is very prone to aggressive invasion by IAP species. Therefore, conservation management of the Hawequa conservation area urgently need to map, prioritise and clear IAP species. Due to the topographical complexity of this mountainous area, it is not possible to map the distribution of IAP species throughout the protected area by conventional field methods. Remote sensing may be able to provide a suitable alternative for mapping. The aim of this research was to assess various image classification methods,using two types of high-resolution imagery (colour aerial photography and WorldView-2 satellite imagery), in order to map the distribution of IAP species, including small stands and individuals. Specifically, the study will focus on mapping Pinus and Acacia spp. in a study site of approximately 9 225ha in the Hawequa conservation rea. Supervised classification was performed using two different protocols, namely per-pixel and per-field. For the per-pixel classification Iterative Self-Organising Data Analyses Technique (ISODATA) was used, a method supported by ERDAS Imagine. The per-field (object-based) classification was done using fractal net evolution approach (FNEA), a method supported by eCognition. The per-pixel classification mapped the extent of Pinus and Acacia spp. in the study area as 1 205.8 ha (13%) and 80.1 ha (0.9%) respectively, and the perfield classification as 1 120.9 ha (12.1%) and 96.8 ha (1.1%) respectively. Accuracy assessments performed on the resulting thematic maps generated from these two classification methods had a kappa coefficient of 0.700 for the per-pixel classification and 0.408 for the per-field classification. Even though the overall extent of IAP species for each of these methods is similar, the reliability of the actual thematic maps is vastly different. These findings suggest that mapping IAP species (especially Pinus spp.) stands and individuals in highly diverse natural veld, the traditional per-pixel classification still proves to be the best method when using high-resolution images. In the case of Acacia spp., which often occurs along rivers, it is more difficult to distinguish them from the natural riverine vegetation. Using WorldView-2 satellite images for large areas can be very expensive (approximately R120 per km2 in 2011), but in comparison with the cost of mapping and the subsequent clearing, especially in inaccessible areas, it might be a worthwhile investment. Alternative image sources such as the high resolution digital colour infrared aerial photography must be considered as a good source for mapping IAP species in high altitude areas.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate how Muslim as a citizen of society is produced in textbooks for social sciences at high school. This is done by analyzing the follow-up issues that arise from subject focus, social science languages and knowledge phases. When the specific consequences of subject focus, social science language and knowledge phases work together, Östman creates discourse sentences, advanced and complex images of reality.The essence of the first question is what combinations of subjects, societal and knowledge phases are within. The study found four different discursive sentences: the Muslim threat to the western world, the Muslim - the one-dimensional Islamist, the Muslim-complex Islamist, the Muslim - a problem for the western world. The first two described the Muslim more or less as a threat to Western values through a homogeneous and one-dimensional description. The second question was to provide answers to the contexts of Muslims and Islamism. It turned out that Muslims and Islam only exist in contexts relating to fundamentalism, conflict, war and terrorism. The third question of the essay is what values are attributed to Muslims through the various petitions. The values attributed to Muslim social actors consisted of fundamentalist and antidemocratic Islamic values. The image of the Muslim citizen is negative. Muslims are attributed to the discourse sentences anti-democratic and Islamic values. Muslims and Islam are thus in conflict with the western world's democratic societies.

Syftet med studien var att beskriva hur lärare tolkar informationen i läroplanen angå- ende begreppet livsåskådning, samt hur de planerar och genomför undervisning kring begreppet. Begreppet livsåskådning beskrivs som grundupplevelser om människans världsbild. Människor kan ha olika upplevelser i religiös och icke-religiös mening. Människors syn på tillvaron och världen, kan utgöra en livsåskådning. Begreppet livs- åskådning inkluderar många frågeställningar kring varför vi finns, hur människan är, vad samhället står för, och tron på högre makter. Från forskning från 70-talet visar in- ternationell forskning att det inte finns någon motsvarighet till begreppet, dock används ordet ”worldview”. Lpo94 beskriver hur skolan aktivt ska främja alla människors lika värde. I Lgr11 beskrivs hur människans sätt att se på livet har förändrats och utvecklats ständigt. Religion och livsåskådning är centrala begrepp inom religionskunskap då de är viktiga för den mänskliga kulturen. I dagens samhälle lever vi i mångfald och ökad kunskap ger oss förståelse för varandra. Skolan ska genom religionsundervisning upp- märksamma hur människor inom religiösa traditioner lever och hur människor uttrycker sin tro och sin religion på olika sätt. Lgr11 beskriver hur eleverna ska få möjlighet att utveckla och reflektera över sina egna livsfrågor, identitet och förhållningssätt. I undervisningen diskuteras vad som kan påverka elevernas förståelse för religion och livsåskådning. Det finns negativa aspekter med att läraren bestämmer vad undervis- ningen handlar om då läraren själv har en åskådning och en tolkning som läraren anser vara viktig. Detta skulle kunna leda till att eleverna själva inte får utrymme att utveckla sin livsåskådning. För att göra en koppling mellan livsåskådning och didaktik beskrivs hur eleverna ska få utrymme att skapa ett eget val gällande olika livsåskådningar. Undervisningen i religion ska ge eleverna kunskap om olika åskådningar. Eleverna får framförallt kunskap kring världsreligionerna och en snabb genomgång gällande livså- skådningar. Alla människor har en livsåskådning och undervisningen ska ge eleverna möjlighet oavsett om de är religiösa eller inte. Icke-religiösa livsåskådningar utgör en del av religionsämnet även olika former av riter och kulturer ingår. Studien bygger på en kvalitativ design, vilket innebär målsättningen att skaffa en djupare förståelse. Denna undersökning baseras på intervjuer med tre lärare för grundskolan, 4-6, som undervisar i religionskunskap. Informanterna arbetar på en skola i Mellansverige. Intervjuerna genomförs som semistrukturerade, ljudinspelade intervjuer, med öppna följdfrågor. Efter intervjun transkriberades materialet omgående av författaren. Texten lästes ett flertal gånger i sin helhet, för att finna likheter och skillnader i lärarnas beskriv- ning av begreppet livsåskådning. Resultatet delas in i kategorier som sammanbinder in- tervjufrågorna och dess svar. Fyra kategorier framkom: Begreppet livsåskådning, Lärar- nas beskrivning av begreppet livsåskådning i läroplanerna och Lärarnas tolkning av läro- planen, samt planering och genomförande av sin undervisning gällande livsåskådning. Inom kategorin Lärares tolkning av läroplanen, samt planering och genomförande av sin undervisning gällande livsåskådning är indelad i fem underkategorier enligt: Tolkning, Planering, Genomförandet, Lärarnas beskrivning av eleverna och Lärarlaget. Resultatet visade att informanterna inte hade kännedom om begreppet livsåskådning och inte heller hade tid att undervisa om begreppet inom religionsämnet. Studien visade också att lärarna ansåg det svårt att diskutera med elever gällande deras livsåskådning då det uppfattas som känsligt. / The purpose of the study was to describe how teachers interpret information in curriculum about the term worldview, and how they plan and perform education. The term worldview describes as a ground experience about humans’ worldviews. Humans can have different experiences in religious and non-religious meaning. Humans view on existence and the world, could be from a worldview. The term worldview includes many questions about why we exist, how humans are, what society stands for and the belief in “higher power”. International research from the 70th showed that there is not an equivalent term for the word “livsåskådning” (worldview). In the curriculum Lpo94, describes how education active can promote humans equal value. In the curriculum Lgr11 describes how humans view on life had changed and still is. Religion and worldview is central terms in education of religion, because they are important for the human culture. In society of today we live in diversity and with increased knowledge we understand each other better. In education in religion will pay attention to how human in religious traditions lives and express their beliefs in different ways. In curriculum Lgr11 describes how the pupils should have abil- ity to develop and reflect over their questions of life, identity and approach. In education are discussions about what may affect pupils understanding to religion and their worldview. There is negative aspects with teachers decisions about content in edu- cation when teachers themselves have an own worldview and interpretation that they think are important. This could lead to that the pupils not have ability to develop their own worldview. The connection between worldview and didactics shows how pupils should be given space to create their own choice between different worldviews. Education in religion should provide pupils knowledge about different worldviews. The pupils are often given knowledge about world religions and a fast review about worldviews. Non-religious worldviews constitute a part of the subject of religion in different forms of rituals and culture. The study is built on a qualitative design, which means to develop deeper understanding of the subject. This study is based on interviews with three teachers in elementary school, 4-6, who teaches religion. The interviews was performed with semi- structured, audio recording interviews with opened supplementary. After the interviews the material was transcribed directly by the author. The text was read several times to find similarities and differences in the teacher’s description of the term worldview. The result are divided in categories that connect the interview questions. Four categories showed: The term worldview, Teachers description of the term worldview in the curriculum and Teachers interpretation of the curriculum and also planning and implementing of their education current worldview. In the category teacher’s interpretation of the curriculum and also planning and implementing of their education current worldview are divided into five subcategories: interpretation, implementing and teacher’s description of the pupils and teachers team. The result showed that informants did not have awareness about the term worldview and did not have time to educate about the term in the subject religion. The study also showed that the teachers thought it were difficult to discuss the term with the pupils their worldview though it could perceive as sensitivity.

According to Terror Management Theory (TMT; Greenberg, Pyszczynski, & Solomon, 1986) a key function of cultural worldviews is facilitating people's belief that they are different from animals and therefore more than physical creatures fated to obliteration upon death. We sought to investigate the relationship between peoples’ perceived similarity to animals (PSA) and their investment in their ingroup cultural-worldviews, creativity and personal achievement, as ways of managing their awareness of death. We focused on four central hypotheses: (1) high faith in cultural worldviews should reduce PSA; (2) people who view themselves less similar to animals (low-PSA) should be more invested in their cultural worldview, especially after death primes; (3) people who view themselves as more similar to animals (high-PSA), should invest more in personal achievement and creativity as a terror management strategy and (4) be more prone to experience anxiety, particularly after a threat to their creativity. Supporting Hypotheses 1 and 2 we found that: validation of cultural worldviews reduces PSA (Study 1); low-PSA individuals cared more about their ingroup identity and worldviews and perceived other cultures as more different (Studies 2a-2b); after death primes low-PSA individuals defended their groups' cultural worldview more (Studies 3-4), and liked people from other cultures less (Studies 5-6). Hypothesis 3 was partially supported: PSA was positively correlated to importance of creativity, openness and performance on a creativity task (Studies 7, 9 and 10), but it was not correlated with self-reported or projected need for achievement (Studies 7 and 8), or with creative story writing (Studies 8). Hypothesis 4 was also partially supported: PSA was positively related to trait-anxiety (Study 9), and to levels of death thought accessibility (Study 10), and high-PSA individuals experienced more anxiety after receiving negative feedback about their creativity (Study 10). The implications these findings to the field of social psychology are discussed.

Doctor Educationis / This study looks at the effect of a cross-cultural instructional approach on the learners’ conceptions of lightning and attitude towards science. It explored Basotho conceptions of lightning and thunder under the following themes: nature of lightning, protection against lightning, animalistic/humanistic behaviour of lighting and nature of wounds inflicted by lightning.

As a Euro-African I wish to explore the validity of the idea that worldview factors are fundamental in determining the praxis of administration. From observation and experience, problems with the practice of administration appear to be generic, rather than primarily personal. (It was noted, however, that personality and temperament also play a role.) The enquiry focuses on Shona and Ndebele Christians in Zimbabwe. As the field of study is Practical Theology and to give a theological foundation for and, perhaps, at least a partial solution to some of the perceived problems, a nascent theological approach to administration is presented, together with proposed training courses in administration and leadership for Bible colleges. Because the notion of administration is somewhat abstract, a fivefold framework was used comprising Planning, Organising, Leading and Controlling, all performed within Time. Questions on the connections, values, perceptions, expectations and use of these components by Shona and Ndebele Christians were discussed in light of their worldviews. Although the intended research approach was social construction, the need for the framework undercut this approach somewhat. I also came from a moderately soft postfoundationalist viewpoint, using narrative practical theology. Six Christian leaders as co-researchers – three Shona and three Ndebele; three Pentecostal and three non-Pentecostal – shared their multicultural insights through personal anecdotes and narrative interaction. Chapter One, in two parts, begins with a personal anecdote and other illustrations highlighting some of the difficulties experienced with administration and its processes in a multicultural African context. The research question – whether worldview shapes the praxis of administration – together with sub-problems, is then outlined. The second section explains the research methodology. Chapter Two defines worldview and administration from both the natural and Christian perspectives, to clarify their nature and praxis. Some underlying problems are introduced. Chapter Three explores what constitutes administration in Christian ministry. Here, values and tasks are itemised to reveal the actual content of administration (at least from a local church pastor’s perspective) and some assumptions behind it. Chapter Four presents individual conversations with the six co-researchers. These personal responses begin to highlight the connection of worldview to administrative praxis and some initial issues arising there from. Chapter Five reflects group dialogues, which allow for cross-cultural and cross-theological views. Gender is introduced as a woman para-church ministry leader replaces a pastor. This provides further fusion of views. From there, Chapter Six examines the Shona, Ndebele and Christian worldviews in more depth. Two case studies are explored narratively, to identify how worldview factors impact the praxis of administration in specific settings. Chapter Seven discusses the group’s understanding of the Biblical perspective of administration. A tentative theological approach to administration is offered. And lastly, Chapter Eight summarises the findings, identifies the issues and presents some solutions. The focus for the latter is on possible administration courses for Bible colleges. Although not directly social constructionist, the team affirmed this approach. The intention here is to enhance this training and thus improve administration in Christian ministry for the wider benefit of the Church community. / Thesis (PhD (Practical Theology))--University of Pretoria, 2007. / Practical Theology / PhD / unrestricted