O Estatuto da Cidade reorientou o temário referente à organização e à regularização fundiária urbana. Dentro desse contexto, destaca-se a usucapião coletiva. Este instrumento, de grande alcance social, tem como uma de suas pretensões o combate à exclusão social, facilitando o direito à propriedade por camadas carentes da população. A usucapião coletiva, da forma como foi tratada no Estatuto da Cidade, tem plena eficácia como instituto jurídico a ser implementado. Tal instituto não depende de qualquer novo diploma legal ou regulamentação, bastando que esta seja orientada pelos princípios constitucionais que regem a matéria. A sentença de usucapião coletiva, prevista nos parágrafos 2. e 3., do artigo 10., do Estatuto da Cidade, servirá como título a ser registrado no Registro de Imóveis. A referida sentença, por sua vez, deverá definir a fração respectiva de solo de cada novo proprietário. Não há que se discutir sobre a viabilidade da sua aplicação, e sim implementá-la. A sentença prolatada nos autos de um processo de usucapião coletiva deve ser levada a registro como qualquer outra concernente a usucapião, devendo ser consignada a descrição das frações individuais, tudo na forma do já existente item 28, inciso I, do artigo 167, da Lei de Registros Públicos (Lei n. 6.015/1973). / The Statute of the City reoriented the group of themes regarding the urban landing organization and regularization. In this context, the collective adverse possession is significant. The adverse possession, which is an instrument of great social consequence, has as one of its purposes to oppose the social exclusion, facilitating the right to own the property to the lacking layers of the population. The way the collective adverse possession was treated in the Statute of the City is effective, as legal institute, to be implemented. Such institute does not depend on any new statute to regulate its application, needing to be oriented only by its own constitutional principles that already govern the matter. The adjudication of collective adverse possession, which is reported on paragraphs 2nd and 3rd, of section 10, of the Statute of the City, will serve as title deed to be recorded on the Register of Property. The referred adjudication will define the respective fraction of soil of each new holder. There is nothing to discuss about the feasibility of the applicability of this matter, except that it has to be implemented. The adjudication rended on the records of a trial of collective adverse possession should be taken to be recorded such as any another adverse possession, in other words, the description of the individual fractions has to be consigned the same way it already exists in section 28, subsection I, section 167 of the Law of Public Records (Law n. 6.015/1973).

O Estatuto da Cidade reorientou o temário referente à organização e à regularização fundiária urbana. Dentro desse contexto, destaca-se a usucapião coletiva. Este instrumento, de grande alcance social, tem como uma de suas pretensões o combate à exclusão social, facilitando o direito à propriedade por camadas carentes da população. A usucapião coletiva, da forma como foi tratada no Estatuto da Cidade, tem plena eficácia como instituto jurídico a ser implementado. Tal instituto não depende de qualquer novo diploma legal ou regulamentação, bastando que esta seja orientada pelos princípios constitucionais que regem a matéria. A sentença de usucapião coletiva, prevista nos parágrafos 2. e 3., do artigo 10., do Estatuto da Cidade, servirá como título a ser registrado no Registro de Imóveis. A referida sentença, por sua vez, deverá definir a fração respectiva de solo de cada novo proprietário. Não há que se discutir sobre a viabilidade da sua aplicação, e sim implementá-la. A sentença prolatada nos autos de um processo de usucapião coletiva deve ser levada a registro como qualquer outra concernente a usucapião, devendo ser consignada a descrição das frações individuais, tudo na forma do já existente item 28, inciso I, do artigo 167, da Lei de Registros Públicos (Lei n. 6.015/1973). / The Statute of the City reoriented the group of themes regarding the urban landing organization and regularization. In this context, the collective adverse possession is significant. The adverse possession, which is an instrument of great social consequence, has as one of its purposes to oppose the social exclusion, facilitating the right to own the property to the lacking layers of the population. The way the collective adverse possession was treated in the Statute of the City is effective, as legal institute, to be implemented. Such institute does not depend on any new statute to regulate its application, needing to be oriented only by its own constitutional principles that already govern the matter. The adjudication of collective adverse possession, which is reported on paragraphs 2nd and 3rd, of section 10, of the Statute of the City, will serve as title deed to be recorded on the Register of Property. The referred adjudication will define the respective fraction of soil of each new holder. There is nothing to discuss about the feasibility of the applicability of this matter, except that it has to be implemented. The adjudication rended on the records of a trial of collective adverse possession should be taken to be recorded such as any another adverse possession, in other words, the description of the individual fractions has to be consigned the same way it already exists in section 28, subsection I, section 167 of the Law of Public Records (Law n. 6.015/1973).

In this essay two basic legal concepts, judicial decision and adjudication, are explored in the light of the discipline of Peruvian Civil Procedure Code of 1993 (CPC). This analysis is made from an analyticdogmatic perspective, aiming to show that an adequate use of those concepts is decisive to solve practical problems, foremost in the field of the appeal. / En el presente trabajo se exploran dos conceptos jurídicos básicos, resolución judicial y decisión, a la luz de la regulación del Código Procesal Civil peruano de 1993 (CPC). Este análisis se realiza a partir de un enfoque analítico-dogmático, buscando demostrar que un adecuado trabajo con dichos conceptos es decisivo para resolver problemas prácticos, sobre todo en el ámbito de la impugnación.

O presente trabalho trata das tutelas antecipadas em processos coletivos a partir do tratamento legal diferenciado dado pelo legislador e das considerações jurídicas não-legais próprias do seu objeto. Por meio de estudo comparado, o trabalho pretende enfrentar as dificuldades inerentes à complexidade das relações envolvidas, dando especial atenção à função do desenho da tutela antecipada, ao conceito de irreparabilidade e irreversibilidade, e à aplicação dos requisitos balance of hardships e interesse público. A análise passa pelas teorias da decisão judicial a fim de dar perspectiva à necessidade de um procedimento deliberativo mais complexo e minucioso para fins de responsividade das decisões judiciais. Ademais, explorase a adjudicaçãoo pragmática elaborada por Richard Posner e pretende-se sua aplicação aos processos coletivos por meio da introdução da análise de custo-benefício como procedimento decisório welfarista moralmente relevante, mas não moralmente decisivo. / This thesis focuses on the preliminary injunctions in class actions, having as the starting point the different legal treatment given by the legislator and the non-legal jurídical considerations that flows from its nature. By means of a comparative study, the work intends to face the inherent difficuties of the complex relationships entailed, paying extra attention to the function of the preliminary injunction structure, to the concept of irreparability and irreversibility, and to the way the requirements of balance of hardships and public interest apply. The analysis passes through the theories of the judicial decision-making process in order to give perspective to the need of more complex deliberative proceedings which must be done in full details to reach accountability. Furthermore, the work explores the pragmatic adjudication elaborated by Richard Posner and intends its application to class actions by means of the introduction of cost-benefit analysis as a welfarist decision-making procedure that is morally relevant, but not morally decisive.

Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2017-04-25T13:20:26Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Tese - Leonardo Almeida.pdf: 2091382 bytes, checksum: 56413e207110ef30fff7bdeeb3c03088 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-25T13:20:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Tese - Leonardo Almeida.pdf: 2091382 bytes, checksum: 56413e207110ef30fff7bdeeb3c03088 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-22 / CAPES / Em raras ocasiões, Deleuze mencionou o Direito como uma área de seu interesse e possível campo de investigação. Em sua obra, no entanto, semelhante ponto permaneceu um caminho não percorrido pelo autor, especialmente em relação à sua reflexão política. Este trabalho toma como ponto de partida dois eixos de investigação que, ao final, verificaremos de que maneira eles tendem a se cruzar: a articulação de uma reflexão jurídica através da filosofia da diferença de Gilles Deleuze e o seu papel no horizonte de sua filosofia política, marcada por uma profunda desconfiança das democracias liberais capitalistas. Para tanto, adotamos como estratégia metodológica um engajamento crítico e seletivo com a filosofia do direito do século vinte em que, apesar das diferentes propostas, convergem para a ideia de decisão judicial como subsunção, conforme um intérprete jurídico de Deleuze, Alexandre Lefebvre. O recurso à filosofia deleuzeana neste ponto, serve para concebermos a decisão judicial para além da subsunção, tendo como amparo a temporalidade e a criação na concepção de Henri Bergson. Por fim, uma vez repensada a decisão judicial, trata-se de apreendê-la no contexto das preocupações e posicionamentos políticos do autor, o que fazemos através de inscrição da filosofia política de Deleuze e Félix Guattari nos estudos recentes sobre biopolítica, exceção e imunização. Pretendemos averiguar se essa concepção de criatividade, que ressalta a plasticidade e a inventividade das categorias jurídicas, não traz consigo também o risco do político e da produção da exceção através das suas operações internas, ou seja, abrindo espaço para o uso de uma força política esvaziada dos constrangimentos jurídicos do Estado de Direito para proteger a comunidade de ameaças externas. / Deleuze in a few occasions mentioned how Law was an object of study that deeply concerned him. However, within his philosophical project, he mostly ignored legal concerns and problems, even in his most political reflections. This work takes as it starting point two lines of investigation, which, in the end, cross each other. The first line consists on an inquiry about judgment and legal adjudication regarding creativity influenced by Gilles Deleuze´s philosophy of difference. The second one is how this inquiry fits within Deleuze´s political philosophy and his mistrust of capitalist liberal democracies. We adopted as our main methodological strategy a critical and selective interpretation of some of the most relevant accounts of legal adjudication in twenty-century legal philosophy that, despite many relevant differences within themselves, concur in conceiving legal adjudication as a subsumptive activity, as Alexandre Lefebvre pointed out in his book, The Image of Law. Overall, regarding this discussion, we approach to Deleuze´s philosophy of difference and Bergson´s concepts of temporality and creation in order to conceive legal adjudication beyond its subsumptive form. Finally, after reformulating legal adjudication, we seek to establish its relevance for Deleuze overall political reflections through developing a theoretical relation between Deleuze and Guattari´s political philosophy and the contemporary studies on exception and immunization within biopolitic studies. We take as our theoretical hypothesis that, once we consider legal adjudication in terms of its intrinsic creativity potential, the plasticity and flexibility of legal concepts could also carries a political risk in terms of opening up spaces of exception through the legal system´s internal operations. One expression of this kind of risk would be the establishing of new legal categories that authorizes and legitimizes political force situated beyond the usual legal constraints of the Rule of Law in order to protect the community from external threats.

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo discutir a teoria proposta por Ronald Dworkin para resolver os casos difíceis pela perspectiva da construção da decisão judicial e da sua legitimidade. A abordagem, no que se refere à decisão, procura esclarecer o conceito de Direito para Dworkin, a teoria da decisão judicial que ele propõe, e, por fim, como se opera a decisão nos casos difíceis, de modo a abordar as etapas da interpretação e o método de Hércules; o poder discricionário do juiz; os direitos institucionais e jurídicos e a tese da única resposta certa nos casos controversos. No que se refere à legitimidade, são discutidas as questões atinentes ao modelo de Estado de Direito em referência ao papel a ser desempenhado pelos juízes; o problema da coerção nos casos controversos e a eventual violação da Democracia pela teoria proposta por Dworkin / This work focuses on analyzing the Ronald Dworkin´s theory on hard cases from the perspective of adjudication and legitimacy. The approach, in relation of adjudication, intends to clarify the Dworkin´s concept of Law, the theory of adjudication, and, lastly, how works adjudication in hard cases, in order to, adjudication, and, lastly, how works adjudication in hard cases, order to enlighten the stages of interpretation and the Hercules´ method; judicial discretion; institutional and legal rights and the one right answer thesis in hard cases. In relation to legitimacy, the discussion is focused on rule of law concerning to the role that judges play; the problem of coercion on hard cases and the possible threatens to democracy that Dworkin´s theory would represent

Cette étude examine à la lumière des notions de reconnaissance et du déni de reconnaissance qui sont toutes les deux issues de la philosophie politique, l’articulation entre le droit international privé (« le DIP ») et la discipline des droits de l’Homme dans le contexte transnational. La problématique centrale étudiée ici est la suivante : de quelle manière est-ce que les luttes politiques pour la reconnaissance des identités marginalisées, modifient-elles les raisonnements et les techniques de résolution des conflits transnationaux employées par les juges nationaux ? En philosophie politique, la reconnaissance suppose le respect de l’altérité et de la différence de l’Autre. Contrairement à la reconnaissance, le déni de reconnaissance renvoie aux processus culturels et économiques qui engendrent et renforcent l’humiliation et le mépris quotidiens pour ceux dont les identités diffèrent de la norme sociale. L’argument général défendu dans ce travail est le suivant : les processus de décision dans l’espace transnational, c’est-à-dire les modes de raisonnements juridiques, reproduisent les stigmatisations des identités individuelles et collectives. Le DIP et les droits de l’Homme légitiment et participent ainsi à des processus politiques d’exclusion des communautés qui ont été culturellement marginalisées au cour de l’histoire et continuent de l’être. Le droit légitime ainsi le déni de reconnaissance qui constitue déjà l’espace politique. / The broad questions this work is addressing are the following: How are the contemporary struggles for recognition by marginalized identity groups affecting legal practices used by domestic judges in order to resolve questions related to the competent forum, applicable law and legal recognition of foreign judgments? In order to answer these and other related questions, the present study analyzes the interplay between PIL legal practices and human rights norms, in the light of the political notion of recognition and misrecognition that I borrow from political philosophy. The broad argument that I make is the following: the processes of adjudicative decision-making in the transnational context that are traditionally regulated by private international law are conducive to instances of political misrecognition. Misrecognition casts light on instances in which legal transnational practices enforce the political failure to accept the stigmatized individual and to interact with him or her on an equal footing. This argument will be examined using three specific legal questions: the legal recognition of the Muslim talaq divorces in French courts; the recognition of legal transnational effects of same-sex unions and adoption by same-sex couples, and the recognition of indigenous peoples’ land claims.

The aim of this thesis is to analyse the protective function of constitutional rights as compared to the traditional defensive function. Whereas the defensive function of constitutional rights requires that the state does not interfere with and respect the constitutional rights of the individual, the protective function requires the state to act to promote and protect constitutional rights. The problematic is examined primarily through the case-law of three foreign supreme jurisdictions, i.e. the Supreme Court of the United States of America, the Federal Constitutional Court of the Federal Republic of Germany and the European Court of Human Rights. In the broader perspective the thesis aims to assess the approach taken by the Czech Constitutional Court in relation to this problematic. The protective function of constitutional rights is explored through the perspective of the individual and through the perspective of the system. The thesis is divided into four chapters. In the first chapter, the author clarifies fundamental theoretical concepts used in the thesis. The positive and negative concept of constitutional rights is closely connected to the two concepts of freedom as developed by I. Berlin in his famous essay Two Concepts of Freedom. The protective function also represents a specific legal...

The aim of this thesis is to analyse the issue of horizontal effect of human rights, i.e. whether and how they affect the fundamental rights and freedoms of individuals in private law relationships. With the development of society associated with expansion of the catalogue of human rights and with strengthening of their protection, we are witnessing infiltration of human rights into other legal areas than they were present in previously. This raises many questions about their application in such areas, especially questions about the holders of the obligations resulting from those rights. The thesis is divided into three chapters. In the introductory chapter the author describes the theoretical basis of human rights, the concept, development, and especially their specific nature and function compared to conventional legal norms, which is relevant for subsequent correct understanding of their application in horizontal relationships, which is the theme of the second chapter of the thesis. In the second chapter, the author focuses on the horizontal effect of human rights itself. The chapter describes the application of human rights in horizontal relationships, and then focuses on horizontal legal relationships and recipients of human rights as holders of the obligations resulting from those rights. The...

In this qualitative study the researcher investigates how school choir competitions in South Africa contribute to creating platforms for social cohesion. The study examines the experiences of conductors and adjudicators in two main South African school choir competitions, namely the ATKV-Applous and ABC Motsepe (previously known as SASCE). This study was inspired by the contribution of the rising choral music platform in post-apartheid South Africa to national regeneration from tensions created by past disparities and how choral music contributes to social cohesion in society. Phenomenology is used to investigate the experiences of conductors and adjudicators and whether participation in choral competitions contributed to advancing social cohesion in a transforming South Africa. Data were collected through semi-structured face-to-face interviews, the review of documents and the analysis of journal notes taken during the study. The Transformative Learning Theory (TLT) was applied as framework to contextualise deliberate reflection involving increased social knowledge and openness among respondents. In this study, choir conductors and adjudicators reflected on their experiences in choir competitions and how cohesion could be achieved through choir competitions. From the study the researcher concluded that competitive platforms such as choir competitions provide an opportunity for role players to test their strength as individuals and as part of a team. The study found that, regardless of many challenges hindering social cohesion, choral music competitions offer an environment for bringing people closer and establishing harmonious collaboration. Learning from others, sharing and reciprocating experiences lead to new partnerships that promote social cohesion. However, the conditions set out in the rules and policy requirements of the competitions could inhibit social cohesion by exclusion and conditions that may hinder interest. Although many studies focus on the value of choral activities and its contribution to social cohesion, this study fills the gap of exploring the role of choir competitions in fostering social cohesion. Recommendations include the need to foster an awareness of the role of school choir activities, which includes the selection of music, in encouraging nation-building. Furthermore, school choir competition policy should include clearer guidelines on social cohesion. It is recommended that training opportunities for conductors and adjudicators should be expanded and implemented to include musical development, but also focus on fostering a sensitivity to the complexity of cultural diversity and the power of choral activities to enhance nation-building and social cohesion in South Africa. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2020. / pt2021 / Humanities Education / PhD / Unrestricted