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Uppsatsen tar sin utgångspunkt i en undran över det svenska skogsbrukets dominerande modell med kalavverkningar och påverkan på biologisk mångfald, och hur det relateras till den hållbara utvecklingens tre dimensioner. Syftet har därför varit att undersöka alternativa skogsbrukares förhållningssätt, visioner och hinder kopplat till brukandet av skogen och hur det påverkar både människa och miljö. Undersökningen har utförts med kvalitativ metod genom semi-strukturerade intervjuer för datainsamling, och tematisk analys för bearbetning av materialet. Det teoretiska ramverket kretsar kring post-antropocentrism och förhållningssätt till andra livsformer, och hur det kan påverka val som görs i skogsbruket. Resultatet visar att det finns en upplevd oro för rådande skogsbruk med kalavverkningar och risker kopplat till biologisk mångfald och framtida människors möjlighet till välbefinnande. Skogsbruket upplevs i dag som ohållbart och i behov av alternativa skogsbruksmetoder, som tar mer hänsyn till andra arter och de naturliga skogsekosystemen. För att uppnå detta presenteras av de alternativa skogsbrukarna visioner om ökad biologisk och ekologisk kunskap i samhället, och en mångfald vad gäller skogsbruksmetoder, ekonomiska alternativ och arter. / The thesis is based on a wonder about the Swedish forestry's dominant model with clear-cutting and impact on biodiversity, and how it relates to the three dimensions of sustainable development. The purpose of this study has therefore been to investigate alternative foresters approaches to the use of the forest and how it affects both humans and the environment. The study has been carried out by qualitative methods through semi-structured interviews for gathering of data, and thematic analysis for processing the data. The theoretical framework revolves around post-anthropocentrism and approaches to other life forms, and how it can influence choices made in forestry. The results show that there is a perceived worry regarding the current forestry model with clear-cuts and risks linked to biodiversity and the possibility of well-being for future humans. The forestry today is perceived as unsustainable and in need of alternative forestry models, which takes more consideration to other species and the natural ecosystems. To achieve this the alternative foresters presents visions of increased biological and ecological knowledge in society, and an increased diversity of forestry models, economic alternatives and species.

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På grund av ökade klimatförändringar och dess påverkan på miljö och människors hälsa kommer klimatanpassningar i den urbana miljön bli allt mer nödvändigt för att mildra dess effekter. Vår studie fokuserar på hur synliga klimatanpassningar upplevs samt hur de kan påverka människors välbefinnande. Studien avgränsas till biofiltren på Neptunigatan i Malmö. Kvalitativa intervjuer genomfördes med människor som befann sig på platsen, vilka sedan analyserades i förhållande till tidigare forskning om miljöetiska värdegrunder, estetik, riskperception och psykisk hälsa. Resultatet visade att samtliga informanter var positivt inställda till klimatanpassningar och dess funktion, även om viss skepticism identifierades hos några av dem. Alla informanter kände någon typ av oro, ångest, stress eller annan negativ känsla kopplat till klimatförändringarna, vilket gör detta till ett viktigt område att studera. Enökad informationsspridning kring klimatanpassningar och klimatförändringar är därför viktig för att öka kunskapsnivån vilket i sin tur medför en mer positiv inställning till klimatanpassningar. / The magnitude of climate change is increasing, and is affecting the environment and people’s health. To mitigate these effects, climate adaptations in urban environments are necessary. The aim of this study is to examine how visible climate adaptations are perceived, and how they can promote well-being. The study is limited to the biofilters located on Neptunigatan in Malmö. We did qualitative interviews with people with a connection to the biofilters, andanalyzed the results in relation to our theoretical framework, which includes environmental ethical values, aesthetics, risk perception and mental health. The results showed that all informants had positive attitudes towards climate adaptations, although we identified some skeptical tendencies. All informants reported some kind of worry, anxiety, stress or other negative emotions in relation to climate change, which makes this an important study area. It is important to inform citizens about climate change and climate adaptations. Increased knowledge leads to a more positive attitude towards climate adaptations.

The diploma thesis explores the four seasons from the view point of the linguistic picture of the world theory. The etholinguistic approach is applied in the thesis - attention is paid to the Czech-specific perception of reality especially focused on the weather and the changes of the nature in the course of the four seasons. Human perception of the change is based upon the senses - the sense of hearing, the sense of smell, and touch and the eyesight. Each season is unique. The seasons can be differentiated by their season specific stereotypes, season prototypes, and connotations. On the linguistic pictures of each season collocations are built, from which new lexical items originate, describing the season as such. Due to anthropocentrism we perceive individual astronomical and meteorological issues as personified items to which we ascribe human behaviour and human qualities. The motto of the thesis says: "I will not do the spring sowing next year. " The motto denotes the interaction of two conceptual schemata (the scheme of a cycle and the scheme of a journey) realizing the fact that the natural cycle corresponds in our mental representation with the phases of human life. The difference between the concepts is that man always reaches the terminal point of his journey unlike the nature constantly...

Les animaux, longtemps considérés comme des êtres appartenant au régime juridique des biens, tendent aujourd’hui à s’éloigner de cette catégorie. Si en France le droit leur refuse le statut de personne non-humaine, la qualification d’être sensible leur est toutefois attribuée et reconnue. Cette singularité juridique – où l’animal est à la fois un être vivant et appartient à la catégorie juridique des biens – a fait l’objet de nombreux travaux, et certains chercheurs sont parvenus à résoudre ces paradoxes. Toutefois, si l’animal a été abondamment abordé sous le prisme du droit privé, peu de travaux spécialisés ou d’ensemble ont été menés en droit public. Pourtant, il semble que l’étude de l’animal en droit public apporte des questionnements et des réponses tout aussi intéressantes. C’est ainsi que la présente thèse, « L’animal en droit public », a suivi deux choix principaux et complémentaires : celui de l’inventaire, puis celui de la théorisation. Enfin, le droit public offre de nouvelles perspectives dans la réalisation d’un véritable droit de l’animal. Cette construction, qui a pour principal résultat d’apporter de nouveaux éléments de déréification, et d’éviter certaines incohérences, permettrait une mise en avant des intérêts animaliers, notamment en les assimilant à un nouvel ordre sociétal à protéger ou en apportant une nouvelle approche dans la personnification des animaux. En outre, l’étude du droit public comparé nous offre des perspectives différentes dans la défense de la cause animale, notamment par le biais de la constitution / Animals, which for a long time were legally classified as property, are nowadays beginning to be recategorised. Even if French law denies them the status of non-human persons, they are nonetheless recognized as being sentient. This legal oddity, in which animals are at one and the same time both living beings and property, has been the subject of numerous studies, and certain researchers have succeeded in resolving these paradoxes. However, if the status of animals has been frequently examined from a legal angle, little specific or overall research has been undertaken in the domain of public law. And yet, it appears that the study of animals in public law raises questions and answers that are equally interesting. That is why the present thesis, « Animals in public law », follows two main, complementary choices: that of being an inventory, and that of theorizing. Charting, first of all, the reality of the situation seems essential in order to facilitate doctrinal or jurisprudential interpretation. Secondly, this study has made possible the theorizing of certain judicial questions. Finally, public law offers new perspectives for the creating of a true system of laws concerning animals. This work, whose main outcome is to contribute new elements to dereification and to avoid certain inconsistences, would foreground animal interests – notably by placing animals in a new societal order to be protected, or by setting forth a new approach to the personification of animals. Moreover, the study of comparative public law offers us different perspectives in the defence of animal rights – notably through the constitution

In reading The story of Edgar Sawtelle, this essay applies posthuman studies with animal studies and disability studies to analyse how the communication between species occur and how boundaries are expanded. Non-verbal language is closely examined and argued to be just as viable as verbal language in the making of relationships and subjects in literature. By applying posthumanism, biological research and a non-anthropocentric way of thinking one can evolve from the notion that humans are the only subjects which matter, something that has been verified because non-human animals never have been given a voice or an acknowledgment of a language. What happens in a novel when the main protagonist is lacking the ability to speak verbally, when verbal language is what has constructed human exceptionalism over all the other species? / Denna uppsats tillämpar posthumanistiska studier med djurstudier och funktionshinder-studier för att analysera hur kommunikationen mellan arter äger rum och expanderar gränser i David Wroblewskis roman The Story of Edgar Sawtelle. Icke-verbalt språk undersöks och argumenteras vara lika betydande som verbalt språk vid skapandet av relationer och subjekt i litteratur. Genom att applicera posthumanism, biologisk forskning och ett icke-antropocentriskt sätt att tänka kan man avveckla tanken om att människan är det enda subjekt som räknas, detta är något som enbart verifierats eftersom icke-mänskliga djur aldrig fått någon agens eller bekräftande att de har rätten till en röst. Vad händer i en roman när protagonisten saknar förmågan till verbalt språk, när det verbala språket är central som verkning i mänsklig exceptionalism?

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:23:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Daniela Jorge Milani.pdf: 1520868 bytes, checksum: c0a968beaa186ad6ff2ddc803fb24700 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-19 / O presente trabalho pretende elucidar as origens das relações entre o poder temporal e o espiritual, assim entendidos como Estado e Igreja genericamente. Deste modo, faz-se uma retrospectiva dessas relações, desde a época primitiva em que as sociedades eram clãs familiares nas quais a posição de chefe supremo se confundia com a de líder religioso, até os tempos modernos, passando pelas correntes racionalistas naturalistas até a situação atual, buscando esclarecer o real sentido do fenômeno da secularização e a consequente laicidade do Estado, que não deve ser confundida com laicismo ou antirreligiosidade. Deve ser entendida, na verdade, como pressuposto de uma relação de autonomia, independência e cooperação entre as instâncias administrativa e religiosa. Nota-se que, do ponto de vista da Igreja Católica, ao contrário do que se poderia pensar, o Estado deve ser laico, visto que, invariavelmente, as relações de interdependência acarretaram desmandos de parte a parte, desvirtuando o verdadeiro escopo de cada esfera de atuação. E mais, demonstra-se que, não obstante a promessa de irrestrita independência e autossuficiência da razão e a previsão de decadência e até de aniquilamento da fé, das mais radicais correntes iluministas do século XVIII, a pós-secularização se caracterizou pela persistência da religiosidade na sociedade, seja nas formas mais tradicionais ou de modo mais individualista. Neste cenário de laicidade e pós-secularização se questiona se haveria lugar para a religião no espaço público ou lhes caberia somente a atuação em seu mundo interior, privado, restrita aos seus templos e cultos? Haveria uma posição a assumir perante a sociedade e especialmente no debate político necessário ao jogo da democracia? Juntamente de Habermas, o filósofo alemão agnóstico, se conclui pela participação das religiões e suas cosmovisões particulares, não apenas para a necessária legitimidade do processo político democrático, que deve incluir a todos, mas pela abertura ao diálogo entre fé e saber, que são complementares um à outra, levando a sociedade a um progresso científico e tecnológico, sem abrir mão da ética e da moral, onde o ser humano é compreendido como a razão de ser do mundo e não como mero objeto de estudo e manipulação / O presente trabalho pretende elucidar as origens das relações entre o poder temporal e o espiritual, assim entendidos como Estado e Igreja genericamente. Deste modo, faz-se uma retrospectiva dessas relações, desde a época primitiva em que as sociedades eram clãs familiares nas quais a posição de chefe supremo se confundia com a de líder religioso, até os tempos modernos, passando pelas correntes racionalistas naturalistas até a situação atual, buscando esclarecer o real sentido do fenômeno da secularização e a consequente laicidade do Estado, que não deve ser confundida com laicismo ou antirreligiosidade. Deve ser entendida, na verdade, como pressuposto de uma relação de autonomia, independência e cooperação entre as instâncias administrativa e religiosa. Nota-se que, do ponto de vista da Igreja Católica, ao contrário do que se poderia pensar, o Estado deve ser laico, visto que, invariavelmente, as relações de interdependência acarretaram desmandos de parte a parte, desvirtuando o verdadeiro escopo de cada esfera de atuação. E mais, demonstra-se que, não obstante a promessa de irrestrita independência e autossuficiência da razão e a previsão de decadência e até de aniquilamento da fé, das mais radicais correntes iluministas do século XVIII, a pós-secularização se caracterizou pela persistência da religiosidade na sociedade, seja nas formas mais tradicionais ou de modo mais individualista. Neste cenário de laicidade e pós-secularização se questiona se haveria lugar para a religião no espaço público ou lhes caberia somente a atuação em seu mundo interior, privado, restrita aos seus templos e cultos? Haveria uma posição a assumir perante a sociedade e especialmente no debate político necessário ao jogo da democracia? Juntamente de Habermas, o filósofo alemão agnóstico, se conclui pela participação das religiões e suas cosmovisões particulares, não apenas para a necessária legitimidade do processo político democrático, que deve incluir a todos, mas pela abertura ao diálogo entre fé e saber, que são complementares um à outra, levando a sociedade a um progresso científico e tecnológico, sem abrir mão da ética e da moral, onde o ser humano é compreendido como a razão de ser do mundo e não como mero objeto de estudo e manipulação

This essay aim to explore how human and nature is presented in Bröderna Lejonhjärta and Ronja Rövardotter, by Astrid Lindgren. It also tries to answer the question how the relationship between the two is shaped; can any hierarchic structures be exposed in the relationship, and how do these, in that case, appear? The essay also problematize words and concepts along the way, such as nature, anthropocentrism and ecocentrism. The method for this study is an ecocritical theoretical base, with thematic analyzes of the books, regarding plot, relationships between characters and their surroundings, and also linguistic narratological techniques, such as the use of metaphorical elements. The different thematic episodes are put in relation to theories about vital materialism, presented in Vibrant Matter – A Political Ecology of Things, by Jane Bennett. I also do a comparative analysis between the two books by Lindgren, with the purpose of highlighting important differences and similarities. The essay ends by discussing how the main characters can be seen as very caring in their relationship to their surroundings, and how one, by applying the theories presented by Bennett, can interpret this caring as a strive towards existing in harmony with, and equal to, nature; a sort of mode or view that Bennett describes as a horizontal position. During the discussion I describe how this strive and position is expressed, and how these are interacting with cyclical systems such as the changes of the seasons and shift between life and death. The books as literature for children, and the main characters as children, is discussed in relation to this, supported by the text “När du är bättre än vi – Jantelagen, skammen och barnlitteraturen” by Maria Jönsson, from the book Du ska inte tro att du är något – Om Jantelagens aktualitet. / Denna uppsats behandlar och syftar till att undersöka hur människa och natur skrivs fram i Bröderna Lejonhjärta och Ronja Rövardotter, av Astrid Lindgren. Den försöker även att svara på hur relationen mellan dessa ser ut; huruvida man kan se hierarkiska strukturer i förhållandet, samt hur dessa i så fall ter sig. Uppsatsen gör det även till sin uppgift att längs vägen problematisera begrepp som bl.a. natur, antropocentrism, ekocentrism. Metoden för studien är en ekokritisk hållning, som går ut på olika tematiska nedslag i de båda verken, där handling, karaktärers förhållande till varandra och till sin omgivning, samt språkliga berättartekniska grepp så som användning av metaforiska inslag, lyfts och analyseras. De olika tematiska avsnitten prövas även mot Jane Bennetts vitala materialitetsteorier som presenteras i Vibrant Matter – A Political Ecology of Things. En komparativ analys görs mellan de båda verken av Lindgren, i syfte att synliggöra viktiga likheter och skillnader. Uppsatsen avslutar med att diskutera hur man kan se ett, hos huvudkaraktärerna, påtagligt vurmande för omgivningarna, samt hur man genom att applicera Bennetts teorier kan tolka detta vurmande som en slags strävan mot att existera likställt med naturen, ett slags läge som Bennett beskriver som det horisontella planet. Under diskussionen lyfter jag hur denna strävan och detta läge yttrar sig, samt hur dessa samspelar med cykliska system, så som årstidernas växlande, samt skiftet mellan liv och död. Verken som barnlitteratur och huvudkaraktärerna som barn lyfts och diskuteras i relation till detta med hjälp av Maria Jönssons ”När du är bättre än vi – Jantelagen, skammen och barnlitteraturen”, ur Du ska inte tro att du är något – Om Jantelagens aktualitet.