This study examined the differences and similarities in how animated 3D characters were perceived by individuals from Sweden and China. The study also attempted to examine how cultural aspects influenced the participants’ perceptions. Parts of the study were conducted through collaboration with the Chinese game company, Focus Games. A literature study focusing on body language and culture was conducted, as well as a game animation analysis featuring games from both western and East Asian developers. Based on the game analysis, 6 animations were created with movement qualities inspired by each of the cultures. The study was conducted through an online questionnaire, as well as shorter semi-structured interviews. The results show that there were certain similarities and differences in how participants perceived the animations, however the reason as to how cultural aspects influenced the responses was partially unanswered due to lack of data.

Den fysiska miljön, pedagogernas förhållningsätt, interaktion mellan barn och barn och mellan barn och vuxna påverkar barns språkutveckling. Det framhäver pedagogerna i denna undersökning. Förskolans verksamhet är en viktig språkutvecklande miljö och som pedagog i förskolan ska man arbeta aktivt för att utveckla flerspråkiga barns första- och andraspråk. Antalet flerspråkiga barn har ökat och det ställer nya kompetensbehov och didaktiska utmaningar för förskollärare. Syfte med undersökningen är att får mer kunskap om hur flerspråkiga barn stimuleras i svenska språket i förskolan. I undersökningen används begreppen proximal utvecklingszon, mediering, kognitiv teori, behaviorism samt sociokulturellt perspektiv.  I den valda förskolan i underökningen är hälften av barnen flerspråkiga. I studiens resultat framkom det att flerspråkiga barn stimuleras i svenska språket hela tiden i förskolan. Förskollärarna tror på det kompententa barnet. Pedagogerna använder sig av bilder som stöd, kroppsspråk och mimik som en del av medierat lärande för att stärka språket och för att underlätta för de flerspråkiga barnen. / The physical environment, the pedagogical attitude and interaction between children and between children and adults affect children's language development. The teachers in this study emphasize this. The preschool's activities are an important language-developing environment and as an educator in the preschool and one must work actively to develop the first and second languages ​​of multilingual children. The number of multilingual children has increased and this demands new skills and pose a didactic challenge for preschool teachers. The purpose of the study is to gain more knowledge about how multilingual children are stimulated in the Swedish language in preschool. The study uses the terms proximal development zone, mediation, cognitive theory, behaviorism and socio-cultural perspective. In the chosen preschool in the examination, half of the children are multilingual. In the study's results, it emerged that multilingual children are stimulated in the Swedish language all the time in the preschool. Preschool teachers believe in the competent child. The educators use images as support, body language and mimicry as part of mediated learning to strengthen the language and to make it easier for the multilingual children.

Ce travail de recherche propose de mener une réflexion qui s’articule autour de deux axes : le premier axe consiste à observer, à partir d’une enquête de terrain, l’enseignement-apprentissage de l’oral dans le milieu universitaire yéménite, en particulier, au sein du département de français de Ta’izz. Ce travail d’observation est mené dans le but d’identifier les raisons de la passivité verbale des apprenants de cette institution. L’hypothèse sur laquelle repose cette réflexion est que la passivité verbale des apprenants yéménites en classe est en lien étroit avec leur insécurité langagière en français. Le deuxième axe de notre réflexion consiste à réfléchir sur les contributions que peut apporter la pratique théâtrale pour le développement de l’expression orale en classe de FLE, notamment dans la gestion de l’insécurité des apprenants face à l’acte de parler en français. L’hypothèse de notre recherche est qu’un projet de théâtre visant à un « accès esthétique à la parole en langue étrangère» et impliquant l’apprenant dans sa globalité (geste, voix, créativité, rapport à soi et à autrui) peut aider l’apprenant yéménite dans la construction d´une nouvelle énonciation en français langue étrangère. / This research work proposes to undertake a project based on two axes: the first axis revolves around a field study to observe the oral teaching and learning in Yemeni universities, in particular, at the heart of the French department of Ta’izz. The purpose of this monitoring is to identify the reasons why learners are verbally passive in this institution. The hypothesis for this assumption is that the verbal passivity of Yemeni learners in class is closely linked to their insecurity in speaking French. The second axis of our research is to think about the benefits of drama in the development of oral [verbal] expression in FLE classes, especially in managing the insecurity of learners when having to speak French. The hypothesis of our research is that a theater project aimed at an « aesthetic access to speech in a foreign language » and involving the learner in his entirety (gesture, voice, creativity, relation to self and to others) could help the Yemeni learner in building a new enunciation in French as a foreign language.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2017-12-15T11:38:55Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Wagner Miranda Dias.pdf: 128984620 bytes, checksum: 6040271e677a1e39c6512d148ae7f5d0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-12-15T11:38:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Wagner Miranda Dias.pdf: 128984620 bytes, checksum: 6040271e677a1e39c6512d148ae7f5d0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-12-07 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / Fundação São Paulo - FUNDASP / This research investigates the paths of the artist's artistic composition - theater, dance and performance - Roberto Alencar, reflecting on his creative, authoring and communication processes, observing the procedures that involve his thought and practice in the production of his scene, highlighting the relations between drawing, verb and body. The investigation of the transit between languages inserted in the creative processes is essential to think critically about contemporary communication systems and networks, throwing glances on the construction of the diverse communicative objects that act in hybridization, revealing different modes of action and creative structures. The hypothesis is that the artist of the body who possesses consciousness and mastery of the visual / verbal transit of the scene arts, engendered as body space experience, can trigger effective creative and communicational processes between the stages of elaboration of the scene, with the artistic collective and with the public. The theoretical foundation is structured from the studies of Cecilia Almeida Salles, who investigate creation processes within the complexity of the systems; the authors RoseLee Goldberg, Silvia Fernandes and Flávio Desgranges, will be used in regard to historical and social reflection on the artist of the body. Renato Cohen will be convened to discuss performance and language issues; Christine Greiner, Helena Katz, Lucia Santaella, Norval Baitello, for concepts about image and body; Vincente Colapietro for his studies on Peircian semiotics and subjectivity. The theoretical framework proposes dialogues with thinkers fundamental to the study of body and culture (Edgar Morin, Zigmunt Bauman, Mikhail Bakhtin). The scientific methodologies will be the one of bibliographical research, seeking to establish a critical approach on the relation creation, authorship and communication and the field research, that will be based on the investigation of drawings, drafts, videos, audio recordings, interviews and documents of process / Esta pesquisa investiga os percursos da composição artística do artista do corpo – teatro, dança e performance – Roberto Alencar, refletindo sobre seus processos criativos, de autoria e comunicação, observando os procedimentos que envolvem seu pensamento e sua prática na produção de sua cena, destacando as relações entre desenho, verbo e corpo. A investigação do trânsito entre linguagens inserido nos processos criativos é essencial para pensarmos criticamente sobre sistemas e redes comunicacionais contemporâneas, lançando olhares sobre a construção dos diversos objetos comunicativos que atuam em hibridização, revelando diferentes modos de ação e tessituras criativas. A hipótese é que o artista do corpo que possui consciência e domínio do trânsito verbo/visual das artes da cena, engendrado como experiência espaço corporal, pode desencadear processos criativos autorais e comunicacionais efetivos entre as etapas de elaboração da cena, com o coletivo artístico e com o público. A fundamentação teórica se estrutura a partir dos estudos de Cecilia Almeida Salles, que investigam processos de criação no âmbito da complexidade dos sistemas; os autores RoseLee Goldberg, Silvia Fernandes e Flávio Desgranges, serão utilizados no que se refere à reflexão histórica e social sobre o artista do corpo. Renato Cohen será convocado para discutir questões sobre performance e linguagem; Christine Greiner, Helena Katz, Lucia Santaella, Norval Baitello, por conceitos sobre imagem e corpo; Vincente Colapietro por seus estudos sobre a semiótica Peirciana e a subjetividade. O referencial teórico propõe diálogos com pensadores fundamentais aos estudos do corpo e da cultura (Edgar Morin, Zigmunt Bauman, Mikhail Bakhtin). As metodologias científicas serão a de pesquisa bibliográfica, buscando estabelecer uma abordagem crítica sobre a relação criação, autoria e comunicação e a pesquisa de campo, que será baseada na investigação de desenhos, rascunhos, vídeos, áudio gravações, entrevistas e documentos de processo

In this study of intercultural communication, I investigate the multi-faceted meaning of the expression " cultural fit " in the sense that it is used by recruiters when shortlisting Indian information technologists to fill skills shortages for the Y2K project in Australia. The data is in the form of ten videotaped interviews in Bangalore and the recruiter commentary on those tapes in Melbourne. A crucial decision to be made by recruiters in any shortlisting process is " How will the candidate fit into the workplace?" This question becomes more problematical when applied to overseas-trained professionals. I take a critical approach, drawing principally on the research traditions of linguistics where studies of intercultural communication and workplace interaction intersect, employing chiefly the tools of Critical Discourse Analysis and Interactional Sociolinguistics and the more abstract notions of Bourdieu. A bridge between these different discourse approaches is provided by Sarangi & Roberts < 1999 < who show the connection between the larger institutional order and interactional routines, through an elaboration of frontstage talk and backstage talk following Goffman < 1959 < . An analysis of the interviews < frontstage talk < reveals "cultural fit" to involve a knowledge of institutional talk, in particular, directness. The recruiter commentary < backstage talk < draws attention to issues of intelligibility, body language, technical expertise and workplace values. the study shows that Indian Information Technologists have "partial fit" in that they possess technical fit but do not demonstrate, or lack the opportunity to demonstrate in the interview, Australian workplace values such as small talk, humour and informality. The recruiter judgments were fleeting and apart from checking for intelligibility, were made on the basis of candidates' body language thus highlighting its importance and its relative absence from the discourse approaches mentioned above. This study shows clearly that there is room for more communicative flexibility on the part of all the stakeholders.

We have investigated the visual representation of men and women in Aftonbladet’s weight site. We have made a calculation of how many of the women and the men who were portrayed smiling/ not smiling, active/passive, looking into the camera/looking away from the camera and from which camera angle the picture is taken. We also kept statistic on the gender representation of the authors of the articles. Our investigation shows that Aftonbladet’s weight site has a distinct overrepresentation of women on their pictures, but also in terms of the authors of the articles. All of the authors were women and 78 percent of the pictures were pictures of women. Previous scientific results have shown that women often are depicted as passive, smiling and looking into the camera and men as active, serious and looking away from the camera. Our results were consistent with earlier scientific results, but in terms of activity and visual angle the results were not that different between women and men. As for the viewing perspectives, our study shows that the power relationship between the depicted and the viewer often is equal for both women and men. The power relationship is however more equal for women than for men, the power relationship for the men is more complex. The viewer both looks down on the men and looks up to them. Based on the theory of the viewing perspectives, Aftonbladet’s weight site portrays women as more equal to the viewer than men.

Das Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit besteht darin, den Wert der nonverbalen Ausdrucksmittel für einen erfolgreichen Kommunikationsverlauf zu verdeutlichen und aufzuzeigen, welche Rolle Geschlecht und soziale Hierarchie in der nonverbalen Kommunikation spielen und in welchem Maße sie eine Interaktion beeinflussen können. Als Untersuchungsgegenstand fungiert das nonverbale Verhalten des ecuadorianischen Präsidenten Rafael Vicente Correa Delgado, wobei der Fokus auf den Faktoren Geschlecht und soziale Hierarchie und deren Ausdruck in der nonverbalen Kommunikation liegt. Die Durchführung der Untersuchung erfolgt anhand des medial inszenierten Abbildes von Rafael Correa, das ihn in einer diskursiven Beziehung darstellt, d.h. Aufzeichnungen politischer Debatten und Interviews, die auf internationaler Ebene stattgefunden haben. Bei der Auswahl des Untersuchungsgegenstandes wird Wert auf Verschiedenheit der Konstellationen der Interaktionspartner (Status und Geschlecht) gelegt, um einen Vergleich des nonverbalen Verhaltens zu ermöglichen. Es ergeben sich für die vorliegende Arbeit folgende Hauptfragen, die es mit Hilfe der Untersuchung zu beantworten gilt: Inwieweit spiegelt das nonverbale Verhalten des ecuadorianischen Präsidenten Rafael Correa in einer Interaktion seine soziale Hierarchie wider und weist geschlechtsspezifische Züge auf? Variiert je nach sozialer Hierarchie und Geschlecht seiner Interaktionspartner das nonverbale Verhalten des ecuadorianischen Präsidenten Rafael Correa in einer Interaktion? Im Rahmen dieser Fragestellung ergeben sich ferner folgende Nebenfragen: In welcher Beziehung steht das nonverbale Verhalten des ecuadorianischen Präsidenten Rafael Correa zum verbalen Verhalten? Harmonieren diese zwei Ebenen miteinander, ergänzen sie sich oder widersprechen sie sich? Inwieweit zeigt sich die kulturelle Prägung im nonverbalen Verhalten Rafael Correas? Die Auswertung des nonverbalen Verhaltens Rafael Correas in asymmetrischer und in symmetrischer Beziehung macht deutlich, dass sowohl das Geschlecht als auch die soziale Hierarchie der Interaktionspartner Einfluss auf den Charakter und den möglichen Verlauf einer Interaktion nehmen. Anhand des Vergleichs des nonverbalen Verhaltens Correas in verschiedenen Konstellationen wird deutlich, dass das nonverbale Verhalten des Präsidenten von der sozialen Hierarchie und dem Geschlecht seiner Interaktionspartner nicht abhängig ist und somit nicht variiert. Die verbale und nonverbale Ebene ergänzen sich und weisen keine Widersprüchlichkeit auf. Es sind nur wenige kulturspezifische Verhaltensweisen des Präsidenten zu beobachten.

The aim of this study is to investigate English teachers’ communication when teaching English in grade three in Swedish schools. The investigation seeks to find out what language is, and why it is, dominant and how the proportions in the teachers’ uses of English and Swedish in time are distributed. The study also describes what attitudes teachers have to the English language and if, if so how, two categories of strategies, namely body language and code switching are used. The study was performed in two steps with different methods for collection of qualitative empirical data. The collection of the empirical data was carried out in structured observations and in structured interviews with four English teachers of whom two work in so called free and independent schools and two work in public schools. To obtain a complete picture of teachers’ English teaching the observations were conducted first to be followed by an additional interview. The results show that two of four English teachers dominantly speak English. The teachers’ motives for using English as educational language are that students need to hear the second language early to learn it. The teachers also report that code switching between Swedish and English and teaching in pupils’ levels help pupils to understand are motives for using Swedish as educational language. Several English teachers find it difficult to teach in the target language and they are therefore feeling an uncertainty in teaching English. Body language is more widely used by English teachers teaching in their second language. The English teacher, who speaks more English when teaching, use body language most frequently and teachers who have Swedish as the dominant language of instruction use code switching more often. Teachers' reasoning about the use of body language and code switching are for some knowingly and some unknowingly and is used by all respondents to illustrate and clarify. The teachers believe that there are both pros and cons of using code switching. Results also show that teachers who have worked the shortest time as an English teacher and work at free schools use English in English teaching to a greater extent than teachers who have taught English some time and work at public schools. / Syftet med forskningsstudien är att undersöka engelsklärares kommunikation vid engelskundervisning i årskurs tre i Mellansverige och att svara på frågorna vilket undervisningsspråk som är dominerande, varför det språket är dominerande, hur fördelningen mellan engelska och svenska ser ut samt hur användningen av språken ser ut i tid. Studien avser också att svara på vad lärare har för attityder till det engelska språket samt om, och i så fall hur, strategierna kroppsspråk och kodväxling används. Studien utfördes i två steg med olika metoder för insamling av kvalitativ empiri. Insamlingen av empiri utfördes genom strukturerade observationer av, samt halvstrukturerade respondentintervjuer med, fyra engelsklärare varav två arbetar vid friskolor och två är kommunalt anställda. För att få en helhetsbild av lärares engelskundervisning genomfördes observationerna först för att sedan efterföljas av en kompletterande intervju. Resultatet visar att endast två av fyra engelsklärare använder engelska som dominerande undervisningsspråk vid engelskundervisning. Flera respondenters motiv till att använda engelska som undervisningsspråk var att elever behöver höra språket från tidig ålder. Flera respondenters motiv till att använda svenska som undervisningsspråk var att översätta för att eleverna ska förstå samt för att hålla undervisningen på elevernas nivå. Många engelsklärare tycker det är svårt att undervisa på målspråket och känner därför en osäkerhet i att undervisa i engelskämnet. Kroppsspråket används i större utsträckning av engelsklärare som undervisar på andraspråket. Den engelsklärare som talar mest engelska använder kroppsspråket flitigast och de lärare som har svenska som dominerande undervisningsspråk kodväxlar mer. Lärarnas resonemang om användandet av kroppsspråk skiljer sig åt då det för vissa används medvetet och för vissa omedvetet. Kroppsspråket används av alla respondenter för att illustrera och tydliggöra någonting för eleverna. Lärarna anser att det finns både för och nackdelar med att använda kodväxling. Resultaten visar också att lärare som arbetat kortast tid som engelsklärare och arbetar på friskolor använder engelska vid engelskundervisning i högre grad än lärare som undervisat i engelska längre tid och arbetar vid kommunala skolor.

Communication can be divied into two broad areas namely, the verbal and nonverbal levels. While attention has been paid to nonverbal communication in the literature, few studies address the nonverbal communication that takes place in the natural setting of a therapeutic session. The present study provides such a naturalistic study, where the verbal content of actual therapy sessions are integrated with the nonverbal content to yield a holistic view of the session. An ecosystemic epistemology is adopted in this study, and represents a move away from more traditional approaches to nonverbal behaviour which are largely confined to a positivistic framework of thought and design. Symlog Interaction Scoring is employed as a practical method of assisting observers in distinguishing nonverbal behaviours, which are usually perceived unconsciously, and lifting them into consciousness, allowing this infonnation to be integrated with the meanings and hypotheses generated during therapy. By deliberately including descriptions of nonverbal behaviour, the descriptions of therapy were broadened, thereby providing a more holistic approach to therapy. / Psychology / M.A. (Clinical Psychology)

This essay aims to analyze how Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump communicated verbally and non-verbally during the second presidential debate of the 2016 US election. To do this the essay utilizes a method focused on analyzing actio. The essay also analyses main trends in the rhetoric’s of the candidates. To aid the findings from this analysis the essay takes support from theories such as Impression management, footing, face as well as different theories in representation, including stereotypes, gender in politics and the construction of otherness.   The results that the study reached where that very little critic could be raised towards Clinton's actio except for questioning how effective her choice to face the live audience instead of the tv audience was. That only a few major errors could be found in Clinton's actio &amp; her rhetoric as well, was theorized to be due to the stark contrast of her errors against Trump's which many times where a lot worse. The study also found some similarities in how to candidates used similar rhetorical and, to some extent, actio techniques to compel their audience, thou stark differences could be found in the execution of said techniques. Further the study could not point to any definite female or male use of body language, but theorized that this is due to the nature of a political debate and how Clinton might have adapted to the male dominated world of politics. Finally, in the end discussion a speculation was raised that whoever the audience perceived as a “winner” of the debate came down largely to pre-perceived notions of each candidate at least when it came to body language and rhetoric.