Denna kvalitativa intervjustudie syftar till att undersöka hur samverkan ser ut mellan skola, Barn och ungdomspsykiatrin (BUP) samt socialtjänsten i arbetet med att hjälpa barn och ungdomar i åldrarna 0 till 18 år som lider av psykisk ohälsa. Studien grundar sig i sex stycken semistrukturerade intervjuer med två skolkuratorer, två socialsekreterare från socialtjänsten samt två kuratorer från BUP. Resultaten visar att det finns flertal hindrande och möjliggörande faktorer vid samverkan. Resultaten visar att då professionella konsulterar med varandra kring svåra frågor rörande unga som lider av psykisk ohälsa främjas samsyn och samverkan möjliggörs. Vidare visar resultaten att förutsättningar för samverkan inom organisationer bygger på att ledningar uppnår domänkonsensus, för att på så sätt komma överens om hur aktörer skall samverka / This qualitative interview study aims to investigate the collaboration between school, children and adolescent psychiatry and the social service with the intent to help children and adolescents aged 0 to 18 who suffer from mental health problems. The study is based on six semistructured interviews with two school counselors, two employees from the social services and two counselors from children and adolescent psychiatry (BUP). The results show that there are several obstructive and enabling factors when collaborating. The results show that when professionals consult with each other about difficult issues regarding young people suffering from mental illness, it promotes consensus and enables cooperation. Furthermore, the results show the prerequisites for collaboration within organizations is based on the fact that the management reaches domain consensus, in order to agree on how professionals shall collaborate.

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul / This Master s Thesis discusses the notification of violence, the psychological assistance provided to children and adolescents who suffer violence and the network of protection for them, from the perspective of professionals that work in the services of the System of Guarantee of Rights. It is a qualitative, exploratory and descriptive study, accomplished in the context of the Child and Adolescent Protection Precinct, Public Prosecutor s Office and three Child Protection Agencies of a city in Rio Grande do Sul. Three child protection agents, one police chief and one public prosecutor participated in the study. Semi-structured interviews were used, and analyzed using content analysis. This thesis is composed of four articles, one theoretical and three empirical. The theoretical article presents a reflection about the assistance towards the child or adolescent who experienced a situation of violence in the perspective of the System of Guarantee of Rights. The first empirical article approaches a comprehension of the network of protection and the way it works in cases involving violence against children and adolescents. It highlights challenges and possibilities of enforcing the rights of such population. The second article presents the procedures of the Child Protection Agencies, Child and Adolescent Protection Precinct and Public Prosecutor s Office after receiving a notification of violence involving children and adolescents. Moreover, it approaches the advances, hindrances and challenges regarding the notification of violence. The last article discusses the psychological assistance provided to children and adolescents facing violence in the context of social assistance policies. It also presents the perceptions and the perspectives about psychological assistance. Results suggest that the interviewed professionals understand the network of protection recommended by the Statute of the Child and Adolescent and its functioning. They highlight the relevance of the joint efforts in cases involving violence, regarding effectively protecting and promoting the rights of children and adolescents. Results also indicate several procedures of the defense agencies after the notification of violence, among them, the referral for psychological services, characterized as a service through which the subjects are allowed to talk about the violence they suffered, under an atmosphere of support and protection. Final considerations highlight the importance of strengthening the network of protection, as well as the need to educate the society about notification, aiming at coping with violence and protecting children and adolescents. In conclusion, the relevance of training professionals is emphasized, focusing on the development of integrated and coordinated actions, so as to interrupt historical practices, in the context of policies and rights towards children and adolescents. / A presente dissertação de mestrado versa sobre a notificação da violência, o atendimento psicológico oferecido às crianças e adolescentes em situação de violência e a rede de proteção da população infanto-juvenil, a partir do olhar de profissionais que atuam nos órgãos que compõem o Sistema de Garantia de Direitos. Trata-se de um estudo de delineamento qualitativo e caráter exploratório e descritivo, realizado junto à Delegacia de Proteção à Criança e ao Adolescente, Ministério Público e três Conselhos Tutelares, de um município do Rio Grande do Sul. Participaram do estudo três conselheiros tutelares, um delegado de polícia e um promotor de justiça. Foram utilizadas entrevistas semi-estruturadas, as quais foram analisadas por meio de análise de conteúdo. Esta dissertação é composta por quatro artigos, sendo um teórico e três empíricos. O artigo teórico apresenta uma reflexão a cerca do atendimento à criança e ao adolescente que vivenciaram uma situação de violência na perspectiva do Sistema de Garantia de Direitos. O primeiro artigo empírico apresenta a compreensão da rede de proteção e o funcionamento desta nos casos envolvendo violência contra a criança e o adolescente. Aponta ainda, os desafios e as possibilidades da efetivação dos direitos da população infanto-juvenil. O segundo apresenta os procedimentos de órgãos Conselho Tutelar, Delegacia de Proteção à Criança e ao Adolescente e Ministério Público após o recebimento de uma notificação de violência envolvendo crianças e adolescentes. E ainda aborda os avanços, obstáculos e desafios da notificação da violência. O último abarca o atendimento psicológico oferecido à criança e ao adolescente em situação de violência no âmbito da política de assistência social. Apresenta ainda, as percepções e as perspectivas quanto ao atendimento psicológico. Os resultados sugerem que os profissionais entrevistados compreendem a rede de proteção preconizada no Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente (ECA) e o seu funcionamento. Apontam a importância do trabalho conjunto e articulado nos casos envolvendo violência para a efetivação das ações de proteção e promoção dos direitos. Indicam diversos procedimentos dos órgãos de defesa diante de uma notificação da violência, dentre eles, o encaminhamento para atendimento psicológico que se constitui num espaço em que é possível falar sobre a violência e receber apoio e proteção. As considerações finais destacam a importância do fortalecimento da rede de proteção, assim como, a necessidade de conscientizar a sociedade a respeito da notificação a fim de possibilitar o enfrentamento da violência e a proteção da população infanto-juvenil. Por fim, destaca-se a relevância de capacitar os profissionais para que estes possam desenvolver ações integradas e articuladas e romper com as antigas práticas presente nos percurso histórico dos direitos e políticas de atenção à infância e adolescência.

Orientador: Neide Aparecida de Souza Lehfeld / Resumo: A presente pesquisa teve por objeto de estudo, os atendimentos às crianças e adolescentes vítimas de violência sexual realizados no Centro de Referência Especializado de Assistência Social (CREAS) de Uberaba. O objetivo geral foi de conhecer a Política Municipal de Assistência Social do município de Uberaba, os atendimentos direcionados às crianças e adolescentes vítimas de violência sexual desenvolvidos no município e as contribuições do CREAS para estes atendimentos. Utilizou-se das pesquisas bibliográfica, documental e de campo, para responder aos propósitos da pesquisa. A criança vítima de violência sexual necessita de atendimentos que a retire da situação de risco e propicie a ela e sua família condições para superação da violência, de forma que esta não se reincida. O CREAS, enquanto equipamento da Política de Assistência Social, inserido dentro do Sistema de Garantia de Direitos (SGD), da criança e do adolescente, é um equipamento de primordial importância para o atendimento a estes sujeitos e suas famílias. Neste sentido, foi realizado um estudo sobre a atual configuração da Política de Assistência Social no município de Uberaba/MG, que como toda política pública, necessita de ferramentas para sua regulamentação. Destaca-se neste ensejo, o Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente (ECA) suas alterações e complementações, o Sistema de Garantia de Direitos estabelecido nesta legislação, que de forma gradual vêm sendo implementados e que contribuem de maneira significativa pa... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The present study had as its object of study, the care process of children and adolescents victims of sexual violence carried out at the Specialized Reference Center of Social Assistance (CREAS) of Uberaba. With the general objective of knowing the Municipal Policy of Social Assistance of the city of Uberaba, the assistance directed to children and adolescents victims of sexual violence developed in the municipality, and the contributions of CREAS for these assistance; bibliographic, documentary and field research was used to answer the research purposes. The child victim of sexual violence needs assistance that removes him from the risk situation, and provides him and his family with conditions to overcome the violence, so that it does not recur. CREAS, as an equipment of the Social Assistance Policy, inserted within the Rights Guarantee System (SGD), of this public, is an equipment of paramount importance for the care of these subjects and their families. In this sense, a study was carried out on the current configuration of the Social Assistance Policy in the city of Uberaba / MG, which, like all public policies, needs tools for its regulation. It stands out in this opportunity, the Statute of the Child and Adolescent (ECA), its amendments and additions, the Rights Guarantee System established in this legislation, which has been gradually being implemented and which contributes significantly to meet the needs of children, demands generated, in the context of the research, ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Youth obesity prevalence rates in the United States are trending down; however, for Hispanic youth, rates are increasing despite efforts toward a reduction. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of a culturally focused intervention program on weight reduction of Hispanic youth age 2 to 19 through examination of body mass index (BMI) percentile outcomes comparing age, gender, distance to program, time in program, and season of enrollment. Review of literature supports ecological and cultural approaches requiring behavior modification tailored to family and community as successful in decreasing youth obesity. However, researchers have yet to establish how various variables impact intervention outcomes making it difficult to determine what aspects of the cultural approach is effective. The epidemiology triangle and the social cognitive theory approach were used to relate to findings. Use of retrospective clinical archival participant data dating from November 7, 2008 to February 23, 2015 was analyzed through the use of various statistical applications. The analyses of this study indicated that only one age variable had significant results. The category for age 8 to12 had a significantly higher change in BMI than the other groups (p <.05) . This research has the potential to contribute to social change since it reveals that interventions tailored for the 8-12 age group may significantly improve the effectiveness of the program in reducing BMI percentile, thus decreasing obesity rates and associated disease along with morbidity and mortality. This knowledge can benefit educators, community collaborative efforts, practitioners, and other researchers.

Psykisk ohälsa ses som ett folkhälsoproblem bland barn och ungdomar. Psykiska besvär tidigt i livet ökar risken för suicidförsök. I åldersgruppen 10–19 år begår ungefär 50–60 personer suicid per år i Sverige. Psykologer på barn- och ungdomspsykiatrin (BUP) arbetar bland annat med suicidnära barn och ungdomar. Syftet med studien var att undersöka psykologers upplevelse av att arbeta med suicidnära barn och ungdomar. Studien har även ämnat till att undersöka vilket stöd organisationen erbjuder psykologerna i arbetet med suicidnära barn och ungdomar samt hur stödet upplevs. Sju psykologer på BUP intervjuades med semistrukturerade intervjuer som analyserades med tematisk analys. Majoriteten av deltagarna upplevde arbetet med suicidnära barn och ungdomar som ensamt, utmanande och emotionellt belastande samt att känslorna följde med efter arbetstid. Stödet från organisationen beskrevs som svagt och bestod oftast av handledning, riktlinjer och utbildning. Det kollegiala stödet upplevdes som bra men otillräckligt. Det stöd som psykologerna upplevde som viktigast att få från organisationen var emotionellt stöd. Slutsatsen var att psykologerna upplever en obalans i arbetskrav och arbetsresurser som har resulterat i känslor som stress och oro. Förslag till framtida forskning är att studera patienternas och ledningens perspektiv på BUP samt jämföra arbetet på privatiserade BUP för att undersöka skillnader i upplevelse och stöd från organisationen. / Mental illness is seen as a public health problem among children and adolescents. Mental disorders early in life increase the risk of suicide attempts. In Sweden, approximately 50 to 60 people between the ages of 10 and 19 commit suicide each year. Among other things, psychologists in child and adolescent psychiatry (BUP) work with suicidal children and adolescents. The purpose of this study was to examine psychologists' experiences of working with suicidal children and adolescents. The study also aimed to investigate what organizational support is offered to psychologists working with suicidal children and adolescents and how the support is experienced. Semi-structured interviews of seven psychologists in BUP were conducted and analyzed using thematic analysis. The majority of the participants experienced their work with suicidal children and adolescents as lonely, challenging, and emotionally draining and that these emotions followed them home after working hours. The organizational support was described as weak and usually consisted of supervision, guidelines, and training. The support from colleagues was perceived as good but insufficient. The organizational support that psychologists felt was most important to receive was emotional support. The conclusion was that psychologists experience an imbalance in professional demands and resources that has resulted in emotions such as stress and anxiety. Suggestions for future research are to study patient and management perspectives on BUP and compare existing research with the work in privatized BUP to see if there are differences in experiences and organizational support.

[pt] A presente tese analisou as formas e estratégias de funcionamento dos serviços públicos que atendem crianças e adolescentes que moram nas favelas da Maré, no Rio de Janeiro, campo escolhido para esta pesquisa. A partir do conceito de práticas discursivas, tendo como base teórica os estudos de Michel Foucault, pôde-se constatar que o medo, os discursos e os estigmas sobre os territórios de favela, reforçados na sociedade brasileira, acabam naturalizando a violência sofrida por crianças e adolescentes. A análise permitiu identificar que a violência produz impactos na dinâmica de operação do Conselho Tutelar e das políticas públicas de Assistência Social, Educação e Saúde, atuantes no território. A pesquisa de campo, de natureza qualitativa, ouviu profissionais de diferentes níveis da gestão municipal das políticas públicas citadas. A partir dos dados obtidos, verificou-se que o processo de naturalização da violência se dá em um contexto atravessado pelas operações policiais e a presença de grupos criminosos no maior conjunto de favelas do Rio de Janeiro. Os resultados indicam que, além das desigualdades sociais, a violência armada funciona como entrave à garantia de direitos de crianças e adolescentes e, ao mesmo tempo, limita a oferta dos serviços públicos - o que reforça visões predominantemente negativas sobre os territórios de favela e seus moradores. / [en] This thesis analyzed the operating strategies of public services destinated to children and adolescents living in the favelas of Maré, in Rio de Janeiro, where the empirical research was conducted. Based on the concept of discursive practices, with Michel Foucault as our main theoretical reference, it was possible to see that the fear, the discourses and stigmas about the favelas, reinforced in brazilian society, ends up naturalising the violence suffered by children and adolescents. The analysis made it possible to identify that this violence produces impacts on the dynamics of the Guardianship Council and also in the public policies destinated to Social Assistance, Education and Health and how they operate in the territory. This qualitative field research involved talking with professionals working at the various social service centers, which are managed by the local government and related to the public policies mentioned above. Based on the data obtained, it was found that the violence s normalisation process takes place in a context recurrently affected by police operations and by the presence of armed civilian groups, in the largest group of favelas in Rio de Janeiro. The results indicate that, in addition to social inequalities, armed violence functions as an obstacle to guaranteeing the rights of children and adolescents, limiting, at the same time, the provision of public services - reinforcing predominantly negative views about favela territories and their residents.

[pt] O presente trabalho consiste na análise da condição de invisibilidade interseccional das meninas adolescentes que estão em situação de conflito com a lei, em especial aquelas cumprindo a medida socioeducativa de internação. Estudos que investigam as trajetórias das adolescentes internadas oferecem insumos para uma melhor compreensão do percurso de violação de direitos e de violência, colocando em primeiro plano a experiência das meninas e sua relação com o sistema de justiça juvenil. Utilizando-se da lente da interseccionalidade, são ressaltadas as relações entre as opressões vivenciadas pelas meninas em razão da idade, do gênero, da classe e da raça. A partir da aproximação dos argumentos da teoria da interseccionalidade e da sociologia da infância, pretende-se defender o reconhecimento da idade como um marcador social da diferença. Por fim, com base na apreciação de políticas públicas direcionadas às mulheres em situação de prisão e aos adolescentes meninos no sistema socioeducativo, pretende-se destacar a ausência de iniciativas direcionadas às meninas e indicar potenciais caminhos para a sua proteção. / [en] The dissertation consists on the analysis of the condition of intersectional invisibility of the girls in conflict with the law, particularly those who are deprived of their liberty. Studies that investigate the imprisoned girls lives offer inputs for a better comprehension on how they face the violation of rights and violence, focusing on their experience and interface with the juvenile justice system. Applying an intersectional lens, the correlation between the oppressions experienced by the girls due to their age, gender, class and race are highlighted. The acknowledgment of age as a social marker of difference is advocated having as a basis the approach between the intersectionality theory and the childhood sociology studies. Lastly, the analysis of the public policies aimed to women in prison and to boys in conflict with the law outlines the absence of initiatives targeted at girls and indicates possible paths for their protection.

I dagens Sverige drabbas allt fler barn och unga av psykisk ohälsa, i rapporter framkommer dystra framtidsutsikter om att antalet barn och unga kommer att öka. Då det kommer till barn och unga med komplexa behov, ställer det i sin tur högre krav på samverkan mellan kommun och region. För att säkra att barn och unga får den rätta hjälpen är samverkan lagstadgad och något socialtjänsten och barn- och ungdomspsykiatrin (BUP) behöver förhålla sig till. Därmed syftade denna studie till att undersöka hur kuratorer inom barn- och ungdomspsykiatrin och socialsekreterare som arbetar med barn och unga inom socialtjänsten upplever samverkan sinsemellan. För att undersöka studiens syfte användes kvalitativ metod varvid tre kuratorer från BUP samt fyra socialsekreterare från socialtjänstens barn och ungdomsenhet intervjuades. I arbetet med att tolka resultatet för studien användes tidigare forskning samt de teoretiska begreppen handlingsutrymme och samverkan. I analysen av empirin uppmärksammandes fyra teman som utgjorde grunden för resultatet, personbundet, kunskap och förståelse för varandras verksamheter, framgångsfaktorer för samverkan samt förhindrande faktorer för samverkan. Några viktiga slutsatser utifrån dessa var att en god relation till samverkanspartner var nödvändig samt att en mer omfattande kunskap och förståelse för varandras verksamheter önskades. Vidare nämndes brist på resurser samt avsaknad av insatser som förhindrande faktorer och högt engagemang samt uppvisande av respekt som främjande faktorer i samverkansarbetet. / In Sweden today more and more children and youths suffer from mental illness, and reports show that this decline in mental health will continue downwards. This puts more pressure on communal and regional instances to have better cooperative structures regarding the complex needs of these individuals. This cooperation between social services and child and adolescent psychiatry are obligated by law to ensure that the correct assistance is offered. This study therefore regard this cooperation and mainly focuses on the working relationship between the two. The method of gaining more knowledge in the matter was to use a qualitative form of research. This information was obtained by interviewing three curators from child and adolescent psychiatry and four social secretaries. To interpret this information former research results was studied and the meaning of the theoretical terms “room to maneuver” and “cooperation” was outlined. During the analysis four themes emerged. Person bound, knowledge and understanding of each other´s operation and inhibitory and promoting factors ofcooperation. The most important conclusions of the study were that in order for a good cooperation to take place, both parties needed to have a deeper understanding of each other’s operation. Moreover, the study showed that the lack of resources and effort from both parties complicated the partnership. Meanwhile displaying respect and commitment increased the likelihood of a good working relation.

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[pt] Esta pesquisa propõe um estudo com objetivo de validação clínica do Sistema Brasileiro de Avaliação Qualitativa da Figura de Rey (BRAS-ROCF). A partir de uma amostra total de 80 crianças e adolescentes foram verificados critérios quantitativos e qualitativos da cópia do teste Figura Complexa de Rey (ROCF), comparando o desempenho de dois grupos: (1) Grupo com diagnóstico prévio de TEA (GTEA) e (2) um grupo sem diagnóstico de TEA (GST). O primeiro estudo analisou os resultados quantitativos da ROCF, encontrando diferença significativa (t (77) = 3.457, p .037) entre os grupos. O segundo estudo analisou a validade clínica do BRS-ROCF sendo a estratégia de elementos idiossincráticos mais utilizada (21 por cento) pelo GTEA e uma das menos utilizadas pelo grupo GST (5 por cento). A estratégia de desenho com início por metades ou quadrantes foi mais utilizada (36 por cento) pelo GST. Comparando os dois grupos quanto a estratégia aplicada para cópia da figura de Rey foi detectada uma relação forte (r = .702, p < .001) entre os critérios de correção qualitativa da ROCF e os critérios propostos pelo BRS-ROCF. A partir dos achados, conclui-se que a análise qualitativa BRAS-ROCF tem utilidade clínica como medida de funcionamento executivo. / [en] This research proposes a study aiming to clinically validate the Brazilian System of Qualitative Assessment of the Rey Figure (BRAS-ROCF). From a total sample of 80 children and adolescents, quantitative and qualitative criteria of the Rey Complex Figure Test (ROCF) copy were verified, comparing the performance of two groups: (1) a group with a previous diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) (GTEA) and (2) a group without a diagnosis of ASD (GST). The first study analyzed the quantitative results of the ROCF, finding a significant difference (t(77) = 3.457, p .037) between the groups. The second study examined the clinical validity of the BRS-ROCF, with the idiosyncratic element s strategy being the most utilized (21 percent) by the GTEA and one of the least utilized by the GST (5 percent). The strategy of drawing with beginning by halves or quadrants was more utilized (36 percent) by the GST. Comparing GTEA and GST, a strong relationship (r = .702, p < .001) was observed in this modality between the qualitative correction criteria of the ROCF and the criteria proposed by the BRS-ROCF. From these findings, it is concluded that the qualitative analysis of BRAS-ROCF has clinical utility as a measure of executive functioning.