Submitted by (lucia.rodrigues@ufrpe.br) on 2017-03-10T14:20:09Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Eliane Mayumi Inokuti.pdf: 262975 bytes, checksum: 46e8a0576767e569d0817560c99aae40 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-10T14:20:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Eliane Mayumi Inokuti.pdf: 262975 bytes, checksum: 46e8a0576767e569d0817560c99aae40 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-07-30 / The fungi Rhizoctonia spp. is an important soilborne plant pathogen. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of baits to quantify the saprophytic activity of Rhizoctonia in soil and determine the relationship between saprophytic and pathogenic activities in order to fit an equation of pathogenic activity risk in soils for cowpea and common bean planting. In the evaluation of baits, soils from three locations were packed in trays and infested with an isolate of R. solani (50 mg colonized substrate kg-1 soil). After seven days, soil samples were transferred to gerboxes and sown six baits: beet, cowpea, maize and sorghum seeds, cowpea segment stalks and toothpick segments. After 48 h at 25 ° C, the baits were transferred to the Ko & Hora modified medium. The wood toothpick bait led to the detection of higher levels of saprophytic activity in all soils. The bait toothpick was evaluated against eight isolates and six inoculum densities of R. solani, demonstrating highly effective in all situations. In the analysis of the relationship between saprophytic and pathogenic activities, were used 12 soils collected in areas for cowpea and common bean planting. The saprophytic activity was evaluated using toothpick baits and the pathogenic activity was assessed by the distribution of soils in trays, planting of cowpea seeds and assessment of Rhizoctonia canker severity. There was a significant (P≤0.05) positive correlation (r = 0.7698) between the saprophytic (ATS) and pathogenic (ATP) activities. The regression equation ATP = 1 / (0.5822 to 0.0056 ATS) was estimated with high precision (R2 = 0.9930, P≤0.05), indicating that the risk of pathogenic activity of Rhizoctonia in soils for cowpea and common bean planting can be estimated from the analysis of saprophytic activity. / O fungo Rhizoctonia spp. é um importante fitopatógeno habitante do solo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficácia de iscas para quantificação da atividade saprofítica de Rhizoctonia no solo e determinar a relação entre atividade saprofítica e atividade patogênica, visando ajustar uma equação de risco de atividade patogênica em áreas destinadas ao plantio de feijão-caupi e feijão-comum. Na avaliação das iscas, solos de três localidades foram acondicionados em bandejas e infestados com um isolado de R. solani (50 mg de substrato colonizado kg-1 solo). Após sete dias, amostras dos solos foram transferidas para caixas gerbox e semeadas seis iscas: sementes de beterraba, feijão-caupi, milho e sorgo, segmentos de talos de feijão-caupi e segmentos de palito de dente. Após 48 h a 25 ºC, as iscas foram transferidas para o meio de Ko & Hora modificado. A isca de palito de dente de madeira propiciou a detecção dos maiores níveis de atividade saprofítica em todos os solos. A isca de palito de dente foi avaliada em relação a oito isolados e seis densidades de inóculo de R. solani, demonstrando elevada eficácia em todas as situações. Na análise da relação entre as atividades saprofítica e patogênica, foram utilizados 12 solos coletados em áreas destinadas ao cultivo de feijão-caupi e feijão-comum. A atividade saprofítica foi avaliada com iscas de palito de dente e a atividade patogênica foi avaliada pela distribuição dos solos em bandejas, plantio de sementes de feijão-caupi e avaliação da severidade da rizoctoniose. Houve correlação positiva (r = 0,7698) significativa (P≤0,05) entre as atividades saprofítica (ATS) e patogênica (ATP). A equação de regressão ATP=1/(0,5822-0,0056 ATS) foi estimada com elevada precisão (R2 = 0,9930; P≤0,05), indicando que o risco de atividade patogênica de Rhizoctonia nos solos destinados ao cultivo de feijão-caupi e feijão-comum pode ser estimado a partir da análise da atividade saprofítica.

Percevoir signifie recevoir une information, la prendre en compte, la confronter aux données de notre mémoire et la traiter selon nos modes de raisonnement puis tirer de l’image ainsi formée une conséquence c’est-à-dire un acte. Pour approcher la perception de l’islam par les élites françaises entre 1830 et 1914 nous avons donc dans un premier Livre fait une compilation des présentations que les élites dites « d’érudition » : historiens, écrivains, religieux, linguistes, philologues, artistes, faisaient de l’islam ; des données qu’ils pouvaient recevoir de leur mémoire puisque l’on glosait sur l’islam depuis Pierre le Vénérable ; et des modes de raisonnement qui caractérisaient l’époque en étudiant l’évolution du sens des concepts de civilisation, de race, d’économie politique. Nous avons ensuite, dans un deuxième Livre essayé de comprendre comment et pourquoi l’image ainsi formée avait abouti à la colonisation de terres islamiques par des hommes politiques, leurs conseillers, leurs soutiens, des officiers, des industriels, des financiers, et des administrateurs. Enfin, dans un troisième Livre, nous avons tenté de suivre jusqu’à nos jours les jugements portés sur ces travaux orientalistes. Il nous semble que le traitement d’une image, au départ volontairement tronquée, par des hommes persuadés que les techniques - balbutiantes - des sciences de la nature pouvaient être appliquées aux sciences humaines a conduit à une incompréhension de deux mondes. / Perceiving means to receive an information, to take it into account, to compare this information with the data from our memory, to process it according to our ways of thinking and then to pull from the image thus formed a consequence, that is to say: an act. To approach the perception of Islam by the French elites between 1830 and 1914, we initially, in our first book, made a compilation of presentations that "scholarship" elites - historians, writers, religious, linguists, philologists, artists - made of Islam; of the data they could receive from their memory, since we talked about Islam since Peter the Venerable; and of these ways of thinking that characterized the era by studying the evolution of the meaning of concepts like civilization, race, and political economy. We then, in a second book attempted to understand how and why the thus formed image had resulted in the colonization of Islamic lands by politicians, their advisors, their supporters, officers, industrialists, investors and administrators. Finally, in a third book, we tried to follow to this day the judgements that are made about these orientalist works. It seems to us that the process of an image, deliberately, and from the beginning, truncated by men convinced that early techniques of natural science could be applied to human sciences has led to a misunderstanding of both worlds.

La question de la préservation et de la pérennisation du patrimoine documentaire des archives et des bibliothèques a toujours été au centre des préoccupations et des débats des professionnels en information-documention et intéresse maintenant de plus en plus les usagers. Ceci est lié à l’importance que nos sociétés attachent à l’histoire et à la mémoire. Ce retour vers le passé n’est souvent possible que si la preuve qui l’incarne (en l’occurrence les archives) est bien conservée et valorisée. La numérisation a ouvert de nouvelles perspectives pour la sauvegarde du patrimoine, surtout dans le contexte des pays du Sud où les conditions de conservation font défaut en raison d’un climat tropical défavorable et de moyens infrastructurels et matériels qui manquent souvent. Les solutions offertes par la numérisation pour la sauvegarde, la pérennisation et l’accès au patrimoine documentaire sont certes satisfaisantes, mais ne donnent pas toutes les garanties surtout quand il s’agit des documents historiques fragiles et précieux comme les fonds d’archives de l’esclavage et de la colonisation. [etc.] / The question of preservation and perennisation of documentary heritage of archives libraries has always been the mains worries and debates of professionals of information-documentation and now more than ever interests users. This is in line with the importance societies give to History and Memory. This return to the past is only possible if the relevant prove (mainly archives) is well kept and given value. Digitalization opened new ways to save the heritage, especially in the context of Southern countries where the conditions of conservation are challenging due to unfavorable tropical climate and due to the fact that infrastructure and material means are often lacking. The solutions offered by digitalization for the saving, perennisation and the access to documentary heritage are somewhat satisfactory, but they do not give all guaranties especially for the fragile and precious historical documents like the master copies of archives on slavery and colonization. [etc.]

Esta dissertação objetiva compreender a prática dos descimentos indígenas no Estado do Maranhão e Grão-Pará, entre os anos 1680 e 1750. Além de buscarmos entender de que forma esta política contribuiu para a expansão das fronteiras coloniais e para a inserção de mão de obra no Estado, analisamos a atuação e os interesses dos agentes envolvidos na realização dos descimentos, a saber: principais indígenas, missionários, funcionários régios, moradores, deputados da Junta das Missões e populações nativas / The aim of this dissertation is to understand the practice of descimentos in the state of Maranhão e Grão-Pará, between the years 1680 and 1750. Besides, this work also aims to understand how this policy contributed to the expansion of colonial borders and to the inclusion of labor in the state. Furthermore, we analyze the performance and the interests of the agents involved in the descimentos, such as: Indian leaders, missionaries, royal officials, settlers, members of the Tribunal da Junta das Missões and native populations

A ideia de que os brasileiros estabelecidos em Lagos elaboraram identidades cambiantes que se reformularam em resposta aos contextos apresentados ao longo do período de 1840 a 1900, constituiu o foco central desta tese. Neste sentido, proponho compreender os contextos em que os brasileiros de Lagos tiveram de ressignificar e atualizar os signos responsáveis por conferir identificação aos integrantes de seu grupo. Para isto, selecionei um conjunto de documentos formado por três tipos de fontes. Com o propósito de entender como os brasileiros eram representados por missionários anglicanos e metodistas, exploradores, oficiais da marinha e cônsules britânicos analisei as narrativas de viagem, relatórios enviados ao Foreign Office e artigos publicados em revistas mantidas por associações científicas da época. O segundo grupo de documentos corresponde a três jornais publicados em Lagos entre os anos de 1881 e 1900, a saber: The Lagos Observer, The Lagos Weekly Record e o periódico oficial do governo colonial britânico, The Government Gazette. A leitura destas fontes revelou aspectos importantes acerca da participação dos brasileiros na sociedade lagosiana da segunda metade do século XIX. O terceiro compêndio de fontes é formado por relatórios anuais elaborados pela administração colonial da cidade e reunidos sob a denominação de Blue Books. Este conjunto de registros trata dos mais diferentes assuntos relacionados ao governo britânico operado na cidade e constitui importante fonte para análise acerca da maneira como os brasileiros eram representados pelo governo colonial. A partir destes três conjuntos de documentos tornou-se possível perceber as formas como os signos de pertencimento que definiam as identidades dos brasileiros foram elaborados a partir do contato, das trocas e das disputas entre os demais componentes sociais existentes na cidade de Lagos oitocentista. / The Brazilians established in Lagos developed shifting identities which were reshaped in response to the presented contexts throughout the period 1840 to 1900, was the central focus of this thesis. In this regard, I propose to understand the contexts in which the Brazilian from Lagos had to reframe and update the responsible signs for checking identification to the members of their group. For this, I selected a set of documents composed of three types of sources. In order to understand how Brazilians were represented by Anglican and Methodist missionaries, explorers, officers of the Navy and British consuls, I analyzed the travel narratives, reports to the Foreign Office and articles published in magazines kept by scientific associations at the time. The second group of documents corresponds to three newspapers published in Lagos between the years 1881 and 1900, namely: The Lagos Observer, The Lagos Weekly Record and the official journal of the British colonial government, The Government Gazette. Reading these sources revealed important aspects concerning the Brazilian participation in Lagos society in the second half of the nineteenth century. The third compendium of sources consists of annual reports by the colonial administration of the city and gathered under the name of Blue Books. This set of records focus on the most different topics related to the British government based in the city and is an important source of analysis about the way the Brazilians were represented by the colonial government. From these three sets of documents it was possible to see the ways in which the belonging signs which defined the identity of Brazilians were prepared from the contact, exchanges and disputes between the other social components existing in the Lagos of the nineteenth century.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-19T18:15:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Adriana Lima dos Reis Costa.pdf: 384922 bytes, checksum: cadf2a371d3a4b2bf8adfc2bd54febf6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-10-02 / Objective: To study the colonization with group B streptococcus (GBS) in pregnant women near or in time for delivery. Methods: Vaginal and rectal cultures of 201 pregnant women were collected in the Marly Sarney Maternity in São Luís Maranhão, Brazil. The samples had been inoculated in Todd- Hewith selective media and then subcultured in plates of Agar-blood. The CAMP test was used for identification of the EGB. There were studied some demographic variables, obstetric antecedent and perinatal outcomes. The positive samples for EGB had been submitted to testing of sensitivity for antibiotics. Results: The prevalence of the maternal colonization with GBS was of 20.39%. There were not found association between the demographic variables and obstetric antecedents with higher presence of colonization with the EGB. There were two infectious outcomes between the newborns of colonized mothers however the hemocultures had been negative. Raised taxes of resistance for following antibiotics had been found: clindamicina 25.45%, eritromicina 23.63% and ceftriaxona 12.72%. Conclusion: The evidences point the presence of high taxes of maternal colonization with GBS that would indicate the systematic research of this agent among the pregnant women. / Objetivo: Estudar a colonização pelo estreptococo do grupo B (EGB) em gestantes em pródromos ou em trabalho de parto. Métodos: Foram colhidas culturas vaginal e retal de 201 gestantes atendidas na Admissão/SPA da Maternidade Marly Sarney em São Luís MA. As amostras obtidas foram inoculadas em meio seletivo de Todd- Hewith e, posteriormente subcultivadas em placas de ágar-sangue. O teste de CAMP foi utilizado para identificação do EGB. Foram estudadas as variáveis sóciodemográficas e antecedentes gineco-obstétricos e desfechos perinatais. As amostras positivas para EGB foram submetidas a teste de sensibilidade para antibióticos. Resultados: A prevalência da colonização materna pelo EGB foi de 20,39%. Não foi encontrada associação entre as variáveis sócio-demográficas ou antecedentes gineco-obstétricos com a maior presença de colonização pelo EGB. Houve dois desfechos infecciosos entre os recém-natos de mães colonizadas, porém as hemoculturas foram negativas. Foram encontradas taxas de resistência elevadas para os seguintes antibióticos: clindamicina 25,45%, eritromicina 23,63% e ceftriaxona 12,72%. Conclusão: As evidências apontam para a presença de altas taxas de colonização materna pelo EGB que indicariam a pesquisa sistemática deste agente entre as gestantes.

This thesis is a study of colonialism and the university, and the relationship between knowledge, imperialism, empire and domination. It is influenced by those who have written on and lived through decolonisation, principally, Sylvia Wynter. The first chapter examines the history of the Westernised university as a Eurocentric narrative. It also considers the evolution of the discipline of the humanities as an imperial science of the human. The second chapter reflects on the effect of an imperial education on an individual’s relationship with their communities. Reading texts written during and after anti-colonial struggle, I consider how writing begins the process of communitarian ethical repair. Chapter 3 explores what it means to be included in the imperial university, and the cost of assimilation. The chapter focuses on texts from ‘outsiders’ to Oxford University who write back to an imperial centre. Chapter 4 revisits Wynter’s analysis of the Westernised institution in the context of 1968 Jamaica to reflect on the Westernised university’s internationalisation agenda. The chapter looks at the history of educational institutions in settler colonial plantations. The fifth chapter examines the evolution of the Westernised university as a site and agent of border control. It reviews the Tier 4 visa regime and Prevent legislation, examining the colonial history of the university as border control. In turning to the work of writer Leila Aboulela, the chapter explores how the creative imagination interprets the university, border control, race and emergent authoritarianism. The conclusion to this thesis is a dystopian short story. The narrative follows the journey of an international student at the University of Glasgow in 2050. Lecturers and books have been abolished. The violent collusion between university and state forces the protagonist into a choice. This thesis is intended as a sustained reflection on participation in Westernised higher education. The decision to conclude with a dilemma is a strategic one.

This thesis combines two burgeoning fields – New Institutionalism and migration studies – to explain the process of institutional change. It tests six hypotheses drawn from a hybrid theoretical framework drawn from Historical Institutionalism, Rational Choice Institutionalism, and Sociological Institutionalism, identifying concrete mechanisms of reproduction and sources of endogenous and exogenous change. It applies this framework to changes in access to citizenship in the form of citizenship and naturalisation policy in the United Kingdom and Germany between 2000 and 2010. Its greatest contributions lie in a more comprehensive explanation of endogenous factors and incremental changes, two aspects of institutional change that have received inadequate theoretical attention and empirical investigation. Testing economic, power-based, and ideational explanations for change, it concludes that each of the New Institutionalisms makes an important contribution to a complete understanding of the process of change and the dynamics of this policy area in two very different European countries.

Even 24 years after the Fall of the Berlin Wall, modern day Germans are still preoccupied with the contentious dynamics of the post-Wall unification process. Concern with geo-political fractiousness is deeply rooted in German history and the reason for Germany's desire to become a unified nation. The Fall of the Wall, and the subsequent rejection of socialism, was a chance to recover and unify what was perceived to be an "incomplete" nation. Yet, despite these actions, social unity between East and West Germans has never occurred and the Wall still persists as a metaphorical barrier in the minds of German citizens. Thus, the unification process should be critically evaluated so that the lingering (social) disunity between East and West Germans may be better understood and potentially remedied. This thesis examines how two post-Wall films, Good Bye, Lenin! (2003) and Berlin is in Germany (2001) reveal patterns that explain the lingering disunity between East and West from an underrepresented lens: an East German perspective. I do so by investigating whether these films offer insights into the culture of the former GDR, which was ideologically, institutionally, and socio-economically divided from the West for over 40 years. This argument is supported by an analysis of how Good Bye, Lenin! and Berlin is in Germany confront the audience with a new (East German) hero who has to navigate a "foreign" terrain and is expected to adapt to and embrace this entirely new culture. Both films allude to the East German sentiment of longing for GDR culture and values as an attempt to maintain an East German identity while being threatened by overpowering "colonization" by the West.

This thesis is an analysis of the production of assimilation discourse, in terms of Aboriginal people’s and white people’s social relations, in a small selection of popular fiction texts from the 1950s and 1960s. I situate these novels in the broader context of assimilation by also undertaking a reading of three official texts from a slightly earlier period. These texts together produce the ambivalent white Australian story of assimilation. They illuminate some of the key sites of anxiety in assimilation discourses: inter-racial sexual relationships, the white family, and children and young adults of mixed heritage and land ownership. The crux of my argument is that in the 1950s and early 1960s the dominant cultural imagining of Australia was as a white nation. In white discourses of assimilation to fulfil the dream of whiteness, the Aboriginal people – the not-white – had to be included in or eliminated from this imagined white community. Fictional stories of assimilation were a key site for the representation of this process, that is, they produced discourses of ‘assimilation colonization’. The focus for this process were Aboriginal people of mixed ancestry, who came to be represented as ‘the half-caste’ in assimilation discourse. The novels I analyse work as ‘conduct books’. They aim to shape white reactions to the inclusion of Aboriginal people, in particular the half-caste, into ‘white Australia’. This inclusion, assimilation, was an ambivalent project – both pleasurable and unsettling – pleasurable because it worked to legitimate white colonization (Aboriginal presence as erased) and unsettling because it challenged the idea of a pure ‘white Australia’.