Inledning: Behovet av traumabehandling till flyktingar har ökat. Psykoterapeuten blir vittne till berättelser som handlar om lidande, rädsla och smärta. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur psykoterapeuter upplever sitt arbete med behandling av krigs- och tortyrskadade flyktingar. Frågeställningar: 1. Hur upplever psykoterapeuter arbetet med krigs- och tortyrskadade flyktingar? 2. Använder sig psykoterapeuter av bemästringsstrategier för att hantera sina upplevelser i arbetet med krigs- och tortyrskadade flyktingar? Om så är fallet, vilka? Metod: Kvalitativ metod med fenomenologisk, deskriptiv ansats valdes. Fem psykoterapeuter som arbetar med krigs- och tortyrskadade flyktingar intervjuades. Resultat: Studiens resultat har en manifest del och en latent del. ”Att pendla mellan vanmakt och skapande förändring” är ett tema som representerar det underliggande, latenta budskapet, d.v.s. det som sägs ”mellan raderna” och representerar den röda tråd som finns i samtliga intervjuer. Det manifesta resultatet visar att terapeuterna upplever sitt arbete som ett privilegium och som betungande. Terapeuterna använder medvetna bemästringsstrategier för att hantera känslomässig stress. Diskussion: Terapeuternas beskrivning av sitt arbete med krigs- och tortyrskadade stämmer väl överens med tidigare forskning. Terapeuternas upplevelse av sitt arbete kan förstås genom begreppen motöverföring, projektiv identifikation, vikarierande traumatisering, sekundär traumatisk stress och posttraumatic growth. / Introduction: The need for trauma treatment for refugees has increased. The psychotherapist testifies to stories that concern suffering, fear and pain. The purpose of this study is to investigate how psychotherapists experience their work in dealing with war and torture injured refugees. Research questions: How do psychotherapists experience the work of war and torture injured refugees? Are psychotherapists using coping strategies to handle their experiences in the work of war and torture-injured refugees? If so, which? Method: Qualitative method with phenomenological, descriptive approach was chosen. Five psychotherapists working with war and torture injured refugees were interviewed. Results: ”Oscillating between powerlessness and creative change" is a theme that represents the underlying latent message, what is said "between the lines" and represents the red thread found in all the interviews. The manifest results show that the therapists experience their work as a privilege and as burdensome. The therapists use conscious coping strategies to deal with emotional stress. Discussion: The therapists' description of their work on war and torture injured is in line with previous research. Therapists' experience of their work can be understood by the concepts of transference, projective identification, vicarious traumatization, secondary traumatic stress and posttraumatic growth.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-01T18:08:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_maria_helena.pdf: 3081569 bytes, checksum: 160e02182c3b78794b17dff901d45aaf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-04-27 / The research articulates Psychoanalysis and Education, approaches the teacher-teenager student relationship and discusses its importance for an effective learning. As a central theme, the process of transference and counter-transference is highlighted into the psychoanalytic perspective. The study of transference has as theorical reference Freud s writings in the evolutive context of his work. As the concept of counter-transference has been little explored by Freud, we resorted to some post-Freudian in order to base our study among them we highlight the contributions of Sandor Ferenczi, Paula Heimann, Pierre Fèdida and Luis Cláudio Figueiredo. The transference and counter-transference that con be observed in any interpersonal relationship, gains differentiated importance in the teacher-teenager student context. Based on the conviction that the management of transference and counter-transference in the teacher-teenager student relationship has a positive or negative impact on the learning process, we developed the current qualitative- nature research, by watching and listening teachers and students about their experiences into the school context. The locus of the research was the school of reference in High School Madeiros Francisco of Garanhuns (PE) in Magano neighborhood. As for reached results, according to the teacher s narratives, we found facts indicating positive relationships, based on respect, admiration and friendship bonds. The greatest difficulties pointed by the teachers to establish a good relationship with students were lack of respect, rebellion and aggression. As for teenagers students affectivity permeates their relationship with the teacher and builds positive bonds of admiration, but there also those ones who set apart from the teacher due to the way they are treated and the suspicion provoked by this treatment. Most students show a better performance in subjects with which they have a good relationship with the teacher. The research also intends to contribute to the school community , by promoting a new understanding of factors that may contribute to a better efficiency of the learning process / A pesquisa articula Psicanálise e Educação, trata da relação professor-aluno adolescente e discute sua importância para a efetivação da aprendizagem. Como temática central, destaca-se o processo da transferência e da contratransferência na perspectiva psicanalítica. O estudo da transferência teve como referencial teórico os textos de Freud no contexto evolutivo de sua obra. Como o conceito de contratransferência foi pouco trabalhado por Freud, recorremos a alguns pós-freudianos para fundamentar nosso estudo; dentre estes ressaltamos as contribuições de Sándor Ferenczi, Paula Heimann, Pierre Fèdida e Luís Cláudio Figueiredo. Os processos da transferência e da contratransferência, que podem ser observados em qualquer relacionamento interpessoal, ganham importância diferenciada no âmbito da relação professor-aluno adolescente. Partindo da convicção de que o manejo da transferência e da contratransferência, na relação professor-aluno adolescente, tem um impacto positivo, ou negativo, sobre o processo da aprendizagem, desenvolvemos a presente pesquisa de natureza qualitativa, observando e escutando professores e alunos acerca de suas experiências no contexto escolar. O locus da pesquisa foi a Escola de Referência em Ensino Médio Francisco Madeiros, localizada no município de Garanhuns (PE), no bairro Magano. Quanto aos resultados alcançados, verificamos, nas narrativas dos professores, fatos que indicam relações positivas, alicerçadas no respeito, admiração e vínculos de amizade. As maiores dificuldades indicadas pelos professores para o estabelecimento de uma boa relação com os alunos foram a falta de respeito, a rebeldia e a agressividade. Quanto aos alunos adolescentes, a afetividade permeia suas relações com os professores e constrõe vínculos positivos de admiração, mas existem também aqueles que se distanciam dos professores devido à rigidez com que são tratados e à desconfiança que este tratamento provoca. A maioria dos alunos apresenta um melhor desempenho nas disciplinas com as quais mantêm um bom relacionamento com o professor. A pesquisa pretende também contribuir para a comunidade escolar, favorecendo uma nova forma de entendimento dos fatores que podem concorrer para uma melhor eficácia do processo de aprendizagem

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Clients diagnosed with Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) interact with healthcare professionals in compelling ways. By virtue of the symptoms that define BPD, it is likely that the client will challenge the therapist with regards to their theoretical approach or therapeutic style. In addition, clients with BPD are likely to project their need for a therapeutic interaction that is both genuine, empathic and at the same time, flexible. In light of this, it is not uncommon for healthcare practitioners to consider clients with BPD as “difficult” in some way or the other. This study explores how clinical psychologists in Gauteng conceptualise and manage a “difficult” client presenting with Borderline Personality Disorder. Further, coping strategies of the clinician will also be explored. The qualitative study, couched in a social constructionist paradigm, involved interviewing seven clinical psychologists practicing in Gauteng, South Africa. The transcripts of the semi-structured interviews were thematically analysed. The findings of the current study indicated that the difficulties experienced are reflective of the general criteria of the disorder. The picture of the difficult client is painted by personal experience, as well as stereotypes gained from interactions with colleagues and other healthcare professionals. It was further found that management of these patients were viewed and implemented based on the nature of the disorder. In addition, management by the clinician often included supervision and leisure activities. / Psychology / M.A. (Clinical Psychology)

Le dessin représente le moyen d'expression privilégié pour un enfant, notamment lorsqu'il est amené à s'exprimer devant à un groupe d'adultes et, de surcroît, lorsqu'il porte en lui plusieurs cultures, comme les enfants de migrants. La recherche qui fait l'objet de cette thèse s'appuie sur une revue de la littérature concernant l'approche psychologique du dessin d'enfant et l'approche transculturelle de l'enfant de migrants. Elle a une perspective complémentariste afin d'enrichir leur pluralité théorique, méthodologique et clinique. Notre recherche se centre sur le matériel créé par les enfants, les dessins produits au sein des consultations transculturelles du Professeur Marie Rose Moro, dispositif de psychothérapie familiale et groupale, des Hôpitaux Cochin (Maison de Solenn - Paris) et Avicenne (Bobigny). La population de notre recherche est constituée de soixante-trois dessins produits par cinq enfants durant les séances transculturelles. Nous avons analysé les productions graphiques et narratives des enfants en lien avec les interactions au sein du groupe. Le processus de co-construction, qui est au coeur du dispositif transculturel, émerge des interactions entre le signe et la parole, entre l'ici et l'ailleurs, entre le monde des enfants et le monde des adultes. Les résultats de nos analyses mettent en évidence l'aspect dialogique du dessin. La production graphique soutient le processus d'élaboration psychique et culturelle de l'enfant, véritable objet médiateur entre les langues, les langages, les cultures et les interactions. Le dessin tient donc une place centrale, non seulement signe de la créativité des enfants mais aussi d'une production narrative et transculturelle partagée et partageable. Notre discussion s'axe sur trois dimensions complémentaires. Premièrement, nous théorisons une lecture transculturelle du dessin d'enfant de migrants ainsi qu'une méthode originale d'analyse qui se structure sur un double axe : les contenus et les valences du dessin. Deuxièmement, nous affinons la compréhension des mécanismes de construction identitaire et de métissage spécifiques aux enfants de migrants à partir de leurs dessins, desquels nous dégageons plusieurs propositions conceptuelles : les mécanismes de clivage dans le dessin, l'objet culturel transitionnel dessiné, la narrativité transculturelle (le voyage symbolisé et l'histoire dessinée), la créativité figurée et l'affiliation culturelle précoce. Troisièmement, nous enrichissons le cadre thérapeutique élaboré en clinique transculturelle en définissant la place du cothérapeute auxiliaire dans une perspective complémentariste à la fois psychanalytique et anthropologique. En effet, l'analyse des mouvements transféro/contre-transférentiels autour du dessin met en évidence l'intérêt pour l'enfant de bénéficier d'une relation privilégiée au sein du groupe afin d'accompagner ses productions graphiques. Notre recherche témoigne des bénéfices tirés par le clinicien - dans la perspective de la rencontre de l'autre - de l'élaboration de la culture (Devereux), de l'altérité (Moro) et de l'enfant en soi, et ce afin de pouvoir accueillir les productions des enfants ''d'ici et de là-bas'' et de les accompagner dans l'élaboration d'un ''chez soi'' créatif et métissé. / Drawing is the preferred means of expression for children in particular when they are asked to express themselves in front of a group of adults, and moreover when it comes to children having multicultural backgrounds such as immigrant children. This thesis's research is based on a review of the available literature regarding the psychological approach of child's drawing as well as the transcultural approach of immigrant children. This complementary perspective aims to enrich their theoretical, methodological and clinical plurality. The research is focused on the material created by the children, the drawings imagined and produced during the transcultural consultations of Professor M.R. Moro, groupal psychotherapy for family, at Cochin Hospital (Maison de Solenn, Paris) and Avicenne Hospital (Bobigny). The research sample consists of sixty-three drawings produced by five children during the transcultural sessions. These drawings along with the narrative productions of the children have been analyzed in relation to the interactions within the group. The process of co-construction, which is at the heart of the transcultural approach, emerges from the interactions between sign and word, between cultures from here and from there, as well as between the children's world and the adult's one. The results of the analysis highlight the dialogical aspect of drawing. The graphical production supports the process of psychic and cultural elaboration of the child, therefore considered as the essential aspect of mediation between the speakings, the languages, the cultures and the interactions. Drawing thus holds a significant place: it is the sign of children's creativity, but also of the narrative and transcultural production experienced and shared. Our discussion is focused on three complementary dimensions. Firstly, we theorize a transcultural reading of the drawings of immigrant children as well as an innovative two-axis analysis method: the contents and the valences of a drawing. Then, we refine the comprehension of the mechanisms of identity-building and interbreeding specific to immigrant children thanks to their drawings. Based on these, several abstract propositions are highlighted: the mechanisms of splitting in the drawing, the transitional cultural object drawn, the transcultural narrativity (the symbolized journey and the history drawn), the figurative creativity and the precocious cultural affiliation. Finally, we enhance the transcultural therapeutic setting by defining the place of the auxiliary co-therapist in a complementary perspective, both psychoanalytic and anthropologic. In fact, the analysis of the dynamics of transfer/countertransference around the drawing enlightens the interest for the child to benefit from a privileged relationship within the group in order to accompany its graphic productions. This research aims to highlight the benefits and advantages taken by the clinician -in the perspective of other one' meeting -in the elaboration of the culture (Devereux), of the otherness (Moro) and of the child in itself, and after all to welcome the productions of the children « from here and there » and to accompany them in the elaboration of a « own world » creative and crossbreed. / Il disegno rappresenta il mezzo espressivo privilegiato per un bambino, soprattutto quando è tenuto a esprimersi in un gruppo d'adulti e, ancor più, quando viene da altrove e porta in sé differenti culture. La ricerca che è al centro di questa tesi di dottorato in psicologia, poggia le sue basi sulla letteratura esistente riguardo sia l'approccio psicologico del disegno infantile sia l'approccio transculturale dei bambini delle famiglie migranti. L'obbiettivo del nostro lavoro è di associare questi due approcci in una prospettiva complementarista per arricchirne la pluralità metodologica, clinica e teorica. La nostra ricerca si fonda sul materiale creato dai bambini, in particolar modo i disegni prodotti durante le consultazioni transculturali della Professoressa Marie Rose Moro, dispositivo di psicoterapia familiale e gruppale, degli ospedali Cochin (Casa degli Adolescenti -Maison de Solenn- di Parigi) et Avicenne (Bobigny - Parigi). La popolazione della ricerca è costituita da sessantatré disegni prodotti da cinque bambini durante gli incontri transculturali. Abbiamo analizzato le produzioni grafiche e narrative dei bambini in relazione alle interazioni gruppali. Il processo di co-costruzione, strumento principe del dispositivo transculturale, emerge dalle interazioni tra segno e parola, tra qui e altrove, tra mondo infantile e mondo adulto. I risultati delle nostre analisi evidenziano l'aspetto dialogico del disegno, che è, in effetti, fondamentale al processo d'elaborazione psichica e culturale del bambino poiché funge da oggetto mediatore tra le lingue, i linguaggi, le culture e le interazioni. Il disegno assume quindi un ruolo centrale; non solo è segno della creatività dei bambini ma anche della produzione narrativa e transculturale condivisa e condivisibile. La nostra discussione concerne tre dimensioni complementari. Innanzitutto, teorizziamo una lettura transculturale del disegno del bambino di famiglia migrante e un metodo originale d'analisi che prende la forma di una tabella a doppia entrata: le valenze del disegno da un lato, e i contenuti dall'altro. In secondo luogo, affiniamo la comprensione dei meccanismi propri alla costruzione identitaria e al métissage specifici dei bambini di migranti partendo dai loro disegni per declinare diverse proposte concettuali: i meccanismi di scissione visibili nei disegni, l'oggetto culturale transizionale disegnato, la narratività culturale (il viaggio simbolizzato e la storia disegnata), la creatività figurata e l'affiliazione culturale precoce. Per finire, arricchiamo il setting transculturale definendo il ruolo del coterapeuta ausiliario in una prospettiva complementarista tanto psicoanalitica che antropologica. Effettivamente, l'analisi dei movimenti transferenziali e contro-transferenziali rispetto al disegno evidenzia la necessità per il bambino di poter beneficiare di una relazione privilegiata che accompagni le produzioni grafiche nel gruppo terapeutico. La nostra ricerca mostra i benefici, utili ad ogni terapeuta nell'incontro con l'altro, sollevati dall'elaborazione della cultura (Devereux), dell'alterità (Moro) così come del bambino in sé, per poter accogliere le produzioni dei bambini "di qui e di laggiù" e per accompagnarli nell'elaborazione d'un ''sé'' meticcio e creativo.