Despite the apparent hegemony of vision in racial categorization, historically vocality has borne the brunt of as much racial presumption as physical appearance. This project explores ideas about Blackness, and how the voice in performance engenders conversations on racial authenticity within the United States. Broadly, the work examines how “sounding Black” functions within dramatic performance, and how wider concerns of racial identity adhere to a performer’s vocal choices. The contextualization of racialized sound presented in this project begins with an historical overview of how a “Blackness of tongue” has been framed in U.S. theatrical performance from the early 1800s through the 1960s. It then addresses the dynamics of voice and racial authenticity through two performance case studies: August Wilson’s The Piano Lesson and Adrienne Kennedy’s Funnyhouse of a Negro. These cases will be used to explore how issues of racial authenticity thrive in the space between vocal sound production and perception. As case studies based on specific productions of these two plays, text, directorial choices, and the vocal characteristics of the actors themselves occupy equal space at the center of each analysis. At a deeper level, this research seeks an understanding of the cultural assumptions that support the idea of a uniquely Black vocal sound, and what that sound purchases within American societies. In addressing both the phonological and the interpretive qualities of these performances, the central research concerns of this project attempt to pinpoint with more accuracy how voice, fore-grounded in performance, triggers different sets of assumptions that have been commonly identified as a significant component of Blackness / text

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 2007. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 78-89).

Em Vinte e zinco, o escritor moçambicano Mia Couto, recorrendo ao universo telúrico de seu país, tenta recuperar, ficcionalmente, um período cronológico que perpassa dias imediatamente anteriores e posteriores à Revolução dos Cravos em Portugal, quando se deu a queda do regime salazarista, no 25 de Abril de 1974, iniciando a narrativa em 19 de Abril e concluindo-a no dia 30. O escritor vale-se de recursos lúdicos inerentes à produção ficcional, somados às possibilidades estéticas oferecidas ao longo do processo de resgate sociocultural dos valores da terra. Assim, conta uma história em que elementos do maravilhoso são legíveis como comuns à realidade quotidiana. A narrativa apresenta a função da Casa dos Castro os integrantes da família e suas relações com África e das demais personagens que transitam ao seu redor seja na figura de negros, seja na de alguns brancos, estes, assimilados ao avesso ou não. Essas personagens juntas mesmo que estejam, em determinados momentos, em lados opostos caminham, como representação da dualidade colonial, em direção à apoteótica cena insólita em que se dão a ascensão do Napolo e a tempestade que cai ao final, manchando a terra às vésperas do 25 de Abril. Mia Couto, em um universo cercado de mitos, crenças e tradições, torna visível o invisível, espelhando, no plano da diegese, a realidade desse cenário, e recupera, pela via das trocas culturais ao longo dos séculos, estratégias de construção narrativa ficcional desenvolvidas nas literaturas latino-americanas a fim de representar Moçambique em sua obra. Assim, apropria-se dos preceitos do Real Maravilhoso, em sua vertente africana aqui chamada de Real Animismo miacoutiano para apresentar essa mestiçagem cultural com imagens plurivalentes do real / In Vinte e Zinco, the Mozambican writer Mia Couto, appealing to the telluric universe of his country, tries to reclaim, in fiction, a chronological period which spans the days right away before and after the Revolução dos Cravos in Portugal, when the salazar regime had fallen, on April 25th, 1974, beginning the narrative on April 19th and finishing on 30th. The writer makes use of ludic resources, peculiar to the fictional production, added to the esthetics possibilities offered along the sociocultural process rescue of land values. So, he tells a story in which the elements of Maravilhoso are as legible as usual to the everyday reality. The narrative presents the function of House of Castro- the members of the family and their relation to Africa and of the other characters who transit around them in the figure of black and of some white people; these last ones, reversely assimilated or not. These characters together even if they were, in some moment, on opposite sides they walk, like a colonial duality representation, going ahead to the apotheotic unusual scene in which happens Napolos rise and the storm falling at the end, defiling the land on the eve of April 25th. Mia Couto, in a universe surrounded by myths, beliefs and traditions, makes the invisible become visible, reflecting, on the diegesis plan, the reality of this scenery, and he reclaims, through the cultural exchanges along the centuries, fictional narrative strategies creation developed in the Latin American literatures, aiming to represent Mozambique in his work. So, he appropriates of the Real Maravilhoso precepts, on its African influences here called Real Animismo Miacoutiano to present this cultural miscegenation with multivalent images of the real

Em Vinte e zinco, o escritor moçambicano Mia Couto, recorrendo ao universo telúrico de seu país, tenta recuperar, ficcionalmente, um período cronológico que perpassa dias imediatamente anteriores e posteriores à Revolução dos Cravos em Portugal, quando se deu a queda do regime salazarista, no 25 de Abril de 1974, iniciando a narrativa em 19 de Abril e concluindo-a no dia 30. O escritor vale-se de recursos lúdicos inerentes à produção ficcional, somados às possibilidades estéticas oferecidas ao longo do processo de resgate sociocultural dos valores da terra. Assim, conta uma história em que elementos do maravilhoso são legíveis como comuns à realidade quotidiana. A narrativa apresenta a função da Casa dos Castro os integrantes da família e suas relações com África e das demais personagens que transitam ao seu redor seja na figura de negros, seja na de alguns brancos, estes, assimilados ao avesso ou não. Essas personagens juntas mesmo que estejam, em determinados momentos, em lados opostos caminham, como representação da dualidade colonial, em direção à apoteótica cena insólita em que se dão a ascensão do Napolo e a tempestade que cai ao final, manchando a terra às vésperas do 25 de Abril. Mia Couto, em um universo cercado de mitos, crenças e tradições, torna visível o invisível, espelhando, no plano da diegese, a realidade desse cenário, e recupera, pela via das trocas culturais ao longo dos séculos, estratégias de construção narrativa ficcional desenvolvidas nas literaturas latino-americanas a fim de representar Moçambique em sua obra. Assim, apropria-se dos preceitos do Real Maravilhoso, em sua vertente africana aqui chamada de Real Animismo miacoutiano para apresentar essa mestiçagem cultural com imagens plurivalentes do real / In Vinte e Zinco, the Mozambican writer Mia Couto, appealing to the telluric universe of his country, tries to reclaim, in fiction, a chronological period which spans the days right away before and after the Revolução dos Cravos in Portugal, when the salazar regime had fallen, on April 25th, 1974, beginning the narrative on April 19th and finishing on 30th. The writer makes use of ludic resources, peculiar to the fictional production, added to the esthetics possibilities offered along the sociocultural process rescue of land values. So, he tells a story in which the elements of Maravilhoso are as legible as usual to the everyday reality. The narrative presents the function of House of Castro- the members of the family and their relation to Africa and of the other characters who transit around them in the figure of black and of some white people; these last ones, reversely assimilated or not. These characters together even if they were, in some moment, on opposite sides they walk, like a colonial duality representation, going ahead to the apotheotic unusual scene in which happens Napolos rise and the storm falling at the end, defiling the land on the eve of April 25th. Mia Couto, in a universe surrounded by myths, beliefs and traditions, makes the invisible become visible, reflecting, on the diegesis plan, the reality of this scenery, and he reclaims, through the cultural exchanges along the centuries, fictional narrative strategies creation developed in the Latin American literatures, aiming to represent Mozambique in his work. So, he appropriates of the Real Maravilhoso precepts, on its African influences here called Real Animismo Miacoutiano to present this cultural miscegenation with multivalent images of the real

Esta tese é uma investigação sobre a joalheria escrava na Bahia dos séculos XVIII e XIX, retrocedendo ou avançando no tempo quando necessário à melhor compreensão do fenômeno. Contribui para o aprofundamento e ampliação dos conhecimentos relativos à história do design no Brasil, no que se refere aos objetos classificados como afro-brasileiros, que são fruto da complexa relação senhor-escravo materializada na forma, na função e no significado do seu design. Adicionalmente, colaborou-se com os estudos da historiografia da escravidão em geral, com foco na participação negra no processo de formação da cultura materialbrasileira. / This thesis consists of an investigation about slave Brazilian jewelry in Bahia, in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth centuries. In order to provide the best understanding of the phenomena, it goes back and further in time, as it turns out to be necessary. It contributes to both deepen and widen the knowledge on the history of design in Brazil, in relation to the objects classified as Afro- Brazilian, which are an outgrowth of the complex relation between masters and slaves, materialized in the shape, function and meaning of their design. Moreover, it intends to contribute to the studies of slavery historiography in general, focusing on the participation of black people in the building process of Brazilian material culture.

Submitted by JÚLIO HEBER SILVA (julioheber@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-05-29T17:08:54Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Thiago Cancelier Dias - 2017.pdf: 4983250 bytes, checksum: 5ee2dfb316d2bf4994f552224fde9554 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-05-30T10:37:52Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Thiago Cancelier Dias - 2017.pdf: 4983250 bytes, checksum: 5ee2dfb316d2bf4994f552224fde9554 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-30T10:37:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Thiago Cancelier Dias - 2017.pdf: 4983250 bytes, checksum: 5ee2dfb316d2bf4994f552224fde9554 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-31 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The present thesis investigates the indigenous agency, especially that realized by military interpreters (línguas), in Goiás (1721 to 1832). Investigated indigenous nations Karajá and Javaés; Akroâ, Xacriabá and Xavante; Bororó; Kayapó do Sul. There were eleven villages organized by Portuguese governors, with the presence of sertanista, jesuits, pedestrian troops, directors and priests, as well as indigenous chiefs, pajés, corridors, singers, warriors and military interpreters. The role of military interpreters in indigenous and indigenist politics and in the miscegenation between indigenous world management and Portuguese territorial practices were investigated. / A presente tese investiga a agência indígena, em especial a realizada por línguas, no período de 1721 a 1832 em Goiás. Pesquisa-se, principalmente, os contatos, descimentos e os aldeamentos das nações indígenas Iny (Karajá e Javaés), Akwén (Akroâ, Xacriabá e Xavante), Boé (Bororó) e Paraniá (Kayapó do Sul). Foram doze aldeamentos organizados por governadores portugueses, com a presença de sertanista, jesuítas, tropas de pedestres, diretores e padres, assim como, maiorais, caciques, índios principais, pajés, corredores, cantores, guerreiros e línguas. Investigou-se o papel do língua na politica indígena e indigenista, e na mestiçagem entre manejo de mundo indígena e práticas territoriais portuguesas.

Silvio Romero foi um importante escritor brasileiro da Geração 1870 que pensou o Brasil a partir dos preceitos científicos da Europa e do Liberalismo dos EUA. Influenciado pelos parâmetros do meio e da raça, fatores somados à idéia de evolução e à lei dos três estados (Positivismo), o polígrafo constatou o atraso do país devido à inferioridade das raças formadoras da sociedade brasileira. Nos mais variados segmentos, o atraso brasileiro era visível. Para superar esse atraso, Sílvio pensava que a mestiçagem racial (também biológica) era a singularidade do novo Brasil almejado pela elite econômica e intelectual da época. Pensando um novo Brasil, o ensaísta analisou a contribuição de índios, negros e portugueses para a formação do país, salientando a extrema importância do mestiço, a singularidade brasileira. Bacharel pela Faculdade de Direito do Recife, Romero pensou o Brasil tendo em vista os princípios da Biologia e foi muito influenciado pela idéia de evolução, pela Escola de Le Play e acima de tudo, pelos pensadores que usavam o argumento da raça. A nação brasileira seria pensada tendo por modelo um organismo vivo e a questão racial e cultural seria uma das variantes para compreender o novo Brasil republicano e liberal que estava surgindo. / Sílvio Romero was an important brazilian writer of the 1870 Generation. His theoretical references was an important brazilian writer of the 1870 Generation. His theoretical references were European scientific principles and U. S. Liberalism. This polygrafhs thought was influenced by the environment and race parameters, factors add to the concept of evolution and the law of the three stages (Positivism), and he explained the backwardness of the country due to the inferiority of races comprise Brazilian society. He said that Brazilian delay was visible at various sectors. To overcome the reason for the delay, Romero proposed that racial miscegenation (which was also organic and cultural) was the uniqueness of the new Brazil pursued by economic and intellectual elite of the time. Thinking about a new Brazil, this pursued by economic and intellectual elite of the time. Thinking about a new Brazil, this essayist analyzed Indian, African and Portuguese contribution to the formation of Brazil, stressing the utmost importance of the mestizo, the Brazilian singularity. Bachelor of Laws by 11 Recife Faculty, Romero thought in view of the principles of Biology and was much influenced by the concept of evolution, the Le Play School and foremost, by the thinkers who used the argument of race in explaining human societies. The Brazilian nation would be designed modeled as a living organism and race and culture for the bachelor would unquestionably the main variants to understand new liberal and republican Brazil that was emerging.

À l’origine de cette recherche se trouve un débat taxinomique opposant deux points de vue différents sur l’œuvre et l’appartenance ethnique de l’écrivain Marie NDiaye. Sa filiation franco-sénégalaise et sa couleur de peau ont poussé certains critiques à intégrer ses écrits à la littérature noire francophone, alors que la romancière a principalement vécu en Europe et se dit modelée par la mentalité et la culture occidentales. Pourtant, dans ses deux derniers romans, l’Afrique est un élément essentiel de la diégèse. Notre curiosité a été suscitée par ces différents positionnements. Afin de trancher entre la fascination pour un endroit exotique auquel la romancière est souvent associée et une appartenance sans équivoque au champ littéraire de l’Afrique francophone, nous avons mené une étude sur trois niveaux. Le point de départ a été de relever les influences les plus marquantes qui ont façonné les œuvres de Marie NDiaye et de situer les romans du corpus dans une tradition littéraire évidente. La deuxième partie interroge les dimensions narrative et descriptive de Trois femmes puissantes et Ladivine afin de déceler des signes de métissage. Le dernier fil conducteur creuse les figures de l’imaginaire et relie les deux œuvres étudiées surtout aux mythes et aux symboles issus de l’Antiquité gréco-romaine et du catholicisme. Au terme de notre thèse, nous pensons avoir réussi un travail rigoureux dont les conclusions prouvent que la filiation littéraire de Marie NDiaye est du côté de la littérature française. / At the origin of this research is a taxonomic debate between two different views on the work and the ethnicity of the writer Marie NDiaye. Her Franco-Senegalese descent and skin color have determined some critics to integrate her works within the Francophone black literature, while the novelist lived mainly in Europe and said she was shaped by the Western mentality and culture. Yet in her last two novels, Africa is essential for the diegesis. Our curiosity was aroused by these different positions. To distinguish between the fascination for an exotic location to which the novelist is often associated and an unequivocal belonging to the literary field of Francophone Africa, we conducted a study on three levels. To distinguish between the fascination for an exotic location to which the novelist is often associated and an unequivocal belonging to the literary field of Francophone Africa, we conducted a study on three levels. The starting point was to meet the most important influences that have shaped the works of Marie NDiaye and to find the place of the novels of the corpus in an obvious literary tradition. The second part examines the narrative and descriptive dimensions of Three Strong Women and Ladivine in order to detect signs of miscegenation. The last thread studies the figures of the imaginary and connects the two works with myths and symbols derived from the Greco-Roman antiquity and the Catholicism. At the end of our thesis, we think we have achieved a rigorous work which proves that the literary lineage of Marie NDiaye is on the side of the French literature.

Contemporary Canadian literature and drama that features racial hybridity represents the racially hybrid soma text as a unique form of embodiment and pays particular attention to the power of the racialized gaze. The soma text is the central concept I have developed in order to identify, address, and interrogate the signifying qualities of the racially hybrid body. Throughout my dissertation, I use the concept of the body as a text in order to draw attention to the different visual "readings" that are stimulated by this form of embodiment. In each chapter, I identify the centrality of racially hybrid embodiment and investigate the power of the racialized gaze involved in the interpellation of these racially hybrid bodies. I have chosen to divide my study into discrete chapters and to use specific texts to illuminate my central concepts and to identify the strategies that can be used to express agency over the process of interpellation. In Chapter One I explain my methodology, define the terminology and outline the theories that are central to my analysis. In Chapter Two, I consider the experiences of mixed race people expressing agency by self-defining in the genre of autobiography. In Chapter Three, I explore the notion of racial drag as represented in fiction. In Chapter Four, I consider the ways in which the performative aspects of racial hybridity are represented by theatrical means and through performance. My analysis of the soma text and racialized gaze in these three genres offers critical terms that can be used to analyze representations of racial hybridity. By framing my analysis by way of the construction of the autobiographical voice I suggest that insight into the narrative uses of racial hybridity can be deepened and informed by a thorough analysis of the representation of the lived experience of racial hybridity in a given context. My crossgeneric and crossracial methodology implicitly asserts the importance of the inclusion of different types of racial hybridity in order to understand the power of the racially hybrid body as a signifier in contemporary Canadian literature and drama. / Arts, Faculty of / English, Department of / Graduate

Critical work on popular American women's fiction still has not reckoned adequately with the themes of interracialism present in these novels and with interracialism's bearing on the sentimental. This thesis considers an often overlooked body of women's popular sentimental fiction, published from 1860-1865, which is interested in themes of interracial romance or reproduction, in order to provide a fuller picture of the impact that the intersection of interracialism and sentimentalism has had on American identity. By examining the literary strategy of "miscegenated narration," or the heteroglossic cacophony of narrative voices and ideological viewpoints that interracialism produces in a narrative, I argue that the hegemonic ideologies of the sentimental romance are both "deterritorialized" and "reterritorialized," a conflicted impulse that characterizes both nineteenth-century sentimental, interracial romances and the broader project of critiquing the dominant national narrative that these novels undertake.