Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T14:54:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Edson Coutinho da Silva.pdf: 1665295 bytes, checksum: 303e3f4a8db702c489f921a5df3657cf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-12-06 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The innovation in movement of regional coordination, cooperation and agreement which began in the 1990s in the Greater ABC composed of seven cities: Santo André, São Bernardo do Campo, São Caetano do Sul, Mauá, Ribeirão Pires e Rio Grande da Serra the region has been recognized around the country and started the rising of the process of the metropolitan governance in the region. In 2000 the public and civil society prepared a Regional Strategic Plan (RSP) with a prospect for ten years with seven Thematic Topics (TT). However, that study we will study one of them, the Social Inclusion TT (SITT). This research objective to describe the metropolitan governance in SITT: to understand the relationships among the seven cities and the São Paulo State and the other; to identify the implementation of the programs, projects and policies of social inclusion between 2000 2009; and to investigate the relationship and the consequence of the process of coordination between regional agents this period. We interviewed nineteen key-informants and documentary sources from the cities departments, civil society and Professors to help us to achieve these objectives. We have observed that the movement of metropolitan governance was active between 2000 2002, because of leaders like Celso Daniel and Mário Covas and the regional agents. Moreover, after the death of both in 2001 and 2002, respectively, not much has been achieved in accordance with the regional development; because of competition among cities; political-party conflicts; and lack of administrative synchronization, which has prevented the establishment common interest projects in Social Inclusion TT in the 2000s. We could see that changing the Greater ABC Intercity Consortium to Public Consortium, brought a new impetus to regional strengthening and metropolitan governance in the Greater ABC / A região que engloba Santo André, São Bernardo do Campo, São Caetano do Sul, Diadema, Mauá, Ribeirão Pires e Rio Grande da Serra, o Grande ABC é parte da Região Metropolitana de São Paulo (RMSP), é reconhecido no país pelo pioneirismo nos movimento de articulação, cooperação e pactuação regional, tendo início na década de 1990 e fez emergir na região o processo de governança metropolitana. No ano de 2000 foi elaborado um Plano Estratégico Regional (PER) com perspectiva para dez anos, que estabeleceu sete Eixos Temáticos (ET) de desenvolvimento, sendo que concentramos nosso estudo no ET Inclusão Social (ETIS). Os objetivos do estudo são, ao descrever a governança metropolitana no ETIS, buscar compreender as relações entre os sete municípios e o Estado e entre os próprios municípios; identificar os programas, os projetos e as políticas públicas de inclusão social implementados no período entre 2000 2009; e investigar as relações e os desdobramento do processo de articulação entre os atores regionais no período correspondente. Para alcançar esses objetivos do estudo, entrevistamos 19 informantes-chave, além de fontes documentais das secretarias municipais, sociedade civil e docentes da região. Pudemos observar que o movimento na direção da governança metropolitana causou esperança e entusiasmo nos atores regionais até o ano de 2002, devido as lideranças de Celso Daniel e Mário Covas; por outro lado, pouco foi realizado em termos regionais após a morte dos dois líderes políticos; muito em virtude da competição entre os municípios; dos conflitos políticospartidário e da descontinuidade administrativa, que inviabilizaram a constituição de projetos de interesse comum no ETIS na década de 2000. Vimos também que a mudança do Consórcio Intermunicipal do Grande ABC para Consórcio Público, trouxe um novo alento ao fortalecimento regional e a governança metropolitana no Grande ABC

A tese analisa os processos de conquista ecológica ao longo de um conjunto de unidades de conservação e suas áreas de entorno, envolvendo núcleos urbanos, rurais e territórios de comunidades tradicionais, como constituintes de ecofronteiras e sua relação com o desenvolvimento turístico, de forma a subsidiar perspectivas para o planejamento territorial em Mosaicos de Áreas Protegidas no Brasil. Buscouse refletir como as políticas de ordenamento territorial, condicionadas às políticas de proteção ambiental das redes ambientais, constituem estratégias geopolíticas de territorialização ecologizante, incapazes de compreender a abrangência do planejamento na região, produzindo territórios protegidos que não se viabilizam econômica, social e ambientalmente. Nosso percurso metodológico partiu da análise das ecofronteiras como categoria de leitura das formas espaciais e dinâmicas territoriais envolvendo áreas marcadas por valor estético e ecológico forte, onde coabitam tempos distintos, resultando inserções diferentes do lugar no sistema ou na rede global, bem como resultando diferentes ritmos e coexistências nos lugares. Como universo empírico de pesquisa escolheu-se o Mosaico Bocaina, situado na fronteira entre os estados do Rio de Janeiro e São Paulo, tendo como recorte territorial de análise os municípios de São José do Barreiro, Cunha, Paraty e Ubatuba. Os conflitos oriundos da expansão das ecofronteiras no Mosaico Bocaina e sua integração no âmbito do planejamento territorial em relação a outros processos paralelos de desenvolvimento territorial, como o turismo, permanecem até os dias atuais sem resolução. Os resultados aquém dos objetivos postos pela implantação do Mosaico Bocaina, desde sua criação, além de poucas perspectivas demonstradas para viabilização de uma gestão territorial integrada, nos faz crer que sua efetividade passa por mudanças que envolvam processos de governança mais abrangentes que trabalhem as lógicas zonais e reticulares das ecofronteiras constituintes de territórios-rede e seus processos de desenvolvimento. Tal constatação confirma nossa hipótese de que uma proposta de gestão integrada de áreas protegidas que transcenda os limites de um município necessita de mecanismos democráticos e abrangentes de governança que ultrapassem a esfera de domínio dos Mosaicos definidos pelo Sistema Nacional de Unidades de Conservação - SNUC. Frente ao cenário analisado, o planejamento territorial deve buscar a reconstrução das fronteiras das cidades nas quais se formam os núcleos de preservação que dão origem às ecofronteiras. Tornam-se necessários novos mecanismos de governança que englobem os territórios-rede das ecofronteiras dos Mosaicos, valorizando a participação social a partir da articulação de seus atores em diferentes escalas, no intuito de estabelecer projetos de desenvolvimento territorial menos excludente e desigual. / This thesis analyzes the processes of ecological conquest over a set of protected areas and their surrounding areas, involving urban and rural areas and traditional communities, as constituting \"ecofrontiers\" and its relation to tourism development in order to subsidize prospects for territorial planning in Mosaics of Protected Areas in Brazil. We reflected about how political territorial organization, conditioned to the environmental protection policies of environmental networks constitute geopolitical strategies of nature territorialization, unable to comprehend the scope of planning in the region, producing protected areas which do not enable economic, social and environmentally . Our methodological approach started from the analysis of ecofrontier as a category to study the spatial forms and territorial dynamics, involving areas with strong aesthetic and ecological value, where coexist different times, resulting in different inserts of place in the global network system, as well as different coexistences in places. As empirical research we chose the Bocaina Mosaic situated on the border between the states of Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo, with the territorial analysis focused on municipalities of São José do Barreiro, Cunha, Paraty and Ubatuba. The conflicts arising from the expansion of the ecofrontiers of Bocaina Mosaic and their integration in spatial planning in relation to other parallel processes of territorial development, such as tourism, remain to this day unresolved. The results not achieved in the implementation of Bocaina Mosaic, since its constitution, make us believe that its effectiveness undergoes changes involving broader governance processes working zonal and reticular logical of the network-territories and their development processes. These findings confirm our hypothesis that a proposal for integrated management of protected areas that transcend the limits of a municipality needs democratic and inclusive governance mechanisms that go beyond the sphere of the field of mosaics designed by National System of Conservation Units (SNUC). The background of socioenvironmental conflicts in the Bocaina Mosaic as a representative example of a national problem of territorial conflicts in a number of protected areas makes us believe that the territorial planning should seek to rebuild the city boundaries in which form the central core of preservation that give rise to ecofrontiers. Thus become necessary new governance mechanisms covering the network-territories of ecofrontiers in mosaics, valuing the social participation from the articulation of its actors at different scales, in order to establish territorial development projects less exclusionary and unequal.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-02T21:43:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Nara Kats.pdf: 1246877 bytes, checksum: fcc76b304bd11048a91818a0c6a5a120 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-02-04 / Esta pesquisa estuda a relação entre a gestão do ensino superior e a governança regional do Grande ABC. Trata-se de um estudo de casos múltiplos que objetiva analisar a implantação das Faculdades de Tecnologia FATEC s no ABC e sua relação com o Planejamento Regional Estratégico (PRE). Para tanto, foram estudados a trajetória e o contexto atual das universidades no Brasil; a história e a condição da região hoje; e o próprio Planejamento, concebido em 1999 2000, para contemplar um período de dez anos. Para a aplicação da pesquisa, foram realizadas visitas às unidades selecionadas (FATEC Mauá, FATEC Santo André, FATEC São Bernardo do Campo e FATEC São Caetano do Sul) e entrevistas com seus diretores. Tais entrevistas indicaram que a implantação das FATEC s no Grande ABC ocorreu, principalmente, devido ao plano de expansão do CEETEPS. Porém, através da pesquisa bibliográfica, é possível afirmar que a governança regional já discutia a chegada dessas unidades há anos, mencionando o projeto de implantação no PRE. O desconhecimento dos diretores entrevistados em relação ao PRE afirma a falta de continuidade do trabalho proposto pela governança. Portanto, a discussão política, ou de gestão consorcial da região, em torno do tripé ensino superior (FATEC), Grande ABC e desenvolvimento socioeconômico faz-se necessária e urgente, visando novas propostas para problemas como desemprego, desigualdade social, qualificação de pessoas e educação democrática fatores de desenvolvimento que merecem atenção da governança de uma região com alta expressão econômica e social no Estado de São Paulo e no Brasil.(AU)

A tese analisa os processos de conquista ecológica ao longo de um conjunto de unidades de conservação e suas áreas de entorno, envolvendo núcleos urbanos, rurais e territórios de comunidades tradicionais, como constituintes de ecofronteiras e sua relação com o desenvolvimento turístico, de forma a subsidiar perspectivas para o planejamento territorial em Mosaicos de Áreas Protegidas no Brasil. Buscouse refletir como as políticas de ordenamento territorial, condicionadas às políticas de proteção ambiental das redes ambientais, constituem estratégias geopolíticas de territorialização ecologizante, incapazes de compreender a abrangência do planejamento na região, produzindo territórios protegidos que não se viabilizam econômica, social e ambientalmente. Nosso percurso metodológico partiu da análise das ecofronteiras como categoria de leitura das formas espaciais e dinâmicas territoriais envolvendo áreas marcadas por valor estético e ecológico forte, onde coabitam tempos distintos, resultando inserções diferentes do lugar no sistema ou na rede global, bem como resultando diferentes ritmos e coexistências nos lugares. Como universo empírico de pesquisa escolheu-se o Mosaico Bocaina, situado na fronteira entre os estados do Rio de Janeiro e São Paulo, tendo como recorte territorial de análise os municípios de São José do Barreiro, Cunha, Paraty e Ubatuba. Os conflitos oriundos da expansão das ecofronteiras no Mosaico Bocaina e sua integração no âmbito do planejamento territorial em relação a outros processos paralelos de desenvolvimento territorial, como o turismo, permanecem até os dias atuais sem resolução. Os resultados aquém dos objetivos postos pela implantação do Mosaico Bocaina, desde sua criação, além de poucas perspectivas demonstradas para viabilização de uma gestão territorial integrada, nos faz crer que sua efetividade passa por mudanças que envolvam processos de governança mais abrangentes que trabalhem as lógicas zonais e reticulares das ecofronteiras constituintes de territórios-rede e seus processos de desenvolvimento. Tal constatação confirma nossa hipótese de que uma proposta de gestão integrada de áreas protegidas que transcenda os limites de um município necessita de mecanismos democráticos e abrangentes de governança que ultrapassem a esfera de domínio dos Mosaicos definidos pelo Sistema Nacional de Unidades de Conservação - SNUC. Frente ao cenário analisado, o planejamento territorial deve buscar a reconstrução das fronteiras das cidades nas quais se formam os núcleos de preservação que dão origem às ecofronteiras. Tornam-se necessários novos mecanismos de governança que englobem os territórios-rede das ecofronteiras dos Mosaicos, valorizando a participação social a partir da articulação de seus atores em diferentes escalas, no intuito de estabelecer projetos de desenvolvimento territorial menos excludente e desigual. / This thesis analyzes the processes of ecological conquest over a set of protected areas and their surrounding areas, involving urban and rural areas and traditional communities, as constituting \"ecofrontiers\" and its relation to tourism development in order to subsidize prospects for territorial planning in Mosaics of Protected Areas in Brazil. We reflected about how political territorial organization, conditioned to the environmental protection policies of environmental networks constitute geopolitical strategies of nature territorialization, unable to comprehend the scope of planning in the region, producing protected areas which do not enable economic, social and environmentally . Our methodological approach started from the analysis of ecofrontier as a category to study the spatial forms and territorial dynamics, involving areas with strong aesthetic and ecological value, where coexist different times, resulting in different inserts of place in the global network system, as well as different coexistences in places. As empirical research we chose the Bocaina Mosaic situated on the border between the states of Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo, with the territorial analysis focused on municipalities of São José do Barreiro, Cunha, Paraty and Ubatuba. The conflicts arising from the expansion of the ecofrontiers of Bocaina Mosaic and their integration in spatial planning in relation to other parallel processes of territorial development, such as tourism, remain to this day unresolved. The results not achieved in the implementation of Bocaina Mosaic, since its constitution, make us believe that its effectiveness undergoes changes involving broader governance processes working zonal and reticular logical of the network-territories and their development processes. These findings confirm our hypothesis that a proposal for integrated management of protected areas that transcend the limits of a municipality needs democratic and inclusive governance mechanisms that go beyond the sphere of the field of mosaics designed by National System of Conservation Units (SNUC). The background of socioenvironmental conflicts in the Bocaina Mosaic as a representative example of a national problem of territorial conflicts in a number of protected areas makes us believe that the territorial planning should seek to rebuild the city boundaries in which form the central core of preservation that give rise to ecofrontiers. Thus become necessary new governance mechanisms covering the network-territories of ecofrontiers in mosaics, valuing the social participation from the articulation of its actors at different scales, in order to establish territorial development projects less exclusionary and unequal.

In the light of the on-going climate emergency and energy crisis, wind power has been described as a rapid pathway towards increasing the share of renewable energy as well as electricity production. However, time consuming and complex permitting processes has been a central obstacle for the transition to take place. Municipalities have a strong influence over land use planning in Sweden and despite the urgent need to increase renewable energy production, few wind power projects are permitted.  Previous research has underlined capacity building between local and regional levels as a pathway to strengthen local institutions and stimulate wind power developments. Following Arts et al. definition of ‘tiering’ as the deliberate, organized transfer of information and issues from one level of planning to another, collaboration between different tiers is described as fundamental for successful projects. By analysing data from interviews, documents, and observations, this study has investigated what role collaboration between tiers plays in the Regional Wind Power Analysis in Värmland, and how the project could lead to more effective planning processes for wind power. The results indicate that the Regional Wind Power Analysis can strengthen the planning process for wind power by raising awareness and stimulating knowledge building between important stakeholders, which consequently can make it easier to understand how and potentially where to engage in wind power planning. In line with previous research, the study also illustrates the potential governing role the County Administration Board can play for coordinating projects and building institutional capacity for inter-municipal and inter-regional issues, including wind power. Even though the project has been appreciated, if financial incentives remain scarce, there will not be enough reason to engage in wind power planning locally. / I ljuset av den pågående klimat- och energikrisen har vindkraft lyfts fram som en möjlig väg framåt för att snabbt kunna öka elproduktionen och ställa om till en förnybar energisektor. Trots det så har osäkra tillståndsprocesser blivit ett allt större problem för vindkraftsaktörer, vilket utgör ett tydligt hinder för att bygga fler vindkraftsparker. Kommunerna har med sitt planeringsmonopol ett stort inflytande över markanvändningen i Sverige, och trots behovet av en snabb och grön energiomställning så säger kommunerna allt oftare nej till vindkraft. Tidigare forskning har pekat ut kapacitetsstödjande åtgärder mellan lokal och regional nivå som en möjlig lösning för att bistå kommunerna i vindkraftsärenden och således öka vindkraftsproduktionen.  Med avstamp i Arts et al. definition av tiering som en medveten, organiserad överföring av information och frågor från en planeringsnivå till en annan har samverkan mellan olika nivåer beskrivits som en stöttepelare för lyckade planeringsprojekt. Genom intervju-, dokument och observationsstudier har denna studie undersökt vilken roll samverkan mellan olika planeringsnivåer spelar i den regionala vindkraftsanalysen i Värmland och vidare hur projektet kan främja vindkraftsplanering. Resultatet visar att den regionala vindkraftsanalysen kan stärka planeringen för vindkraft genom att öka medvetenheten och bygga upp en förståelse hos olika aktörer, vilket kan göra det lättare att förstå hur och potentiellt var det är lämpligt att utveckla vindkraft. I linje med tidigare forskning pekar denna studie också ut Länsstyrelsen som en viktig aktör för att leda projekt och bygga institutionell kapacitet där olika aktörer kan samverka för att hantera mellankommunala och regionala frågor, så som vindkraftsärenden. Trots att vindkraftsanalysen kan leda till ökad samverkan och är ett uppskattat projekt, så visar studien att bristen på ekonomiska incitament lokalt leder till få anledningar för kommunerna att vilja engagera sig i vindkraftsutbyggnad.

La Turquie, pays candidat à l'Union européenne, est confrontée à une pression européenne pour l'adaptation de ses structures administratives et de ses cadres institutionnels aux règles et aux critères européens concernant la mise en œuvre des fonds structurels. A cet égard, dans le contexte de processus de préadhésion à l'UE, l'Etat turc s'amène à reformuler sa politique de développement régional. Dans ce sens, la réforme majeure entreprise par l'Etat turc est celle de la création des Agences de développement dans les vingt-six régions statistiques de NUTS II. Parallèlement, il s'agit de la mise en place d'un processus de décentralisation. En effet, ces réformes renvoient à une européanisation de la gestion publique territoriale. Cependant, les changements qui sont en œuvre ne dépendent pas exclusivement des recommandations de l'UE. De plus, il est nécessaire de prendre en considération la dimension territoriale du processus d'européanisation. Quels sont les différents facteurs et les diverses dynamiques qui déterminent le changement dans les politiques de développement régional ? Dans quelle mesure peut-on imputer le changement à la conditionnalité européenne ? Comment l'Europe procède pour inciter l'Etat turc à reformuler ses politiques régionales ? Quel est le rôle du niveau infranational dans le changement ? Autant de questions auxquelles cette étude essaye de fournir des éléments de réponse / Turkey, a candidate for the European Union, faces European pressure to adapt its administrative structures and institutional frameworks of its rules and European standards concerning the implementation of structural funds. In this respect, in the context of pre-accession process to the EU, the Turkish state is coming to reformulate its policy of regional development. In this sense, the major reform undertaken by the Turkish state is that of the creation of development agencies in the twenty-six statistical regions NUTS II. Meanwhile, it is also the establishment of a decentralization process. Indeed, these reforms refer to Europeanization of territorial governance. However, the changes that are implemented do not depend exclusively on EU recommendations. Morever, it is necessary to consider the territorial dimension of the Europeanization process. What are the different factors and the various dynamics that determine the change in regional development policies? To what extent can we attribute the change to the EU conditionality? How Europe proceeds to urge the Turkish government to reformulate its regional policies? What is the role of sub-national level in the change? These are the questions that this study attempts to provide some answers. So our goal in this work consists on the one hand, to understand the logical adaptation of Turkish state with the recommendations of Europe indicating the junction of different dynamics of change, on the other hand, identify the change through the articulation of different levels of public action, from local to Europe

2010年12月25日在臺灣的地方自治史上產生了前所未有的重大變革，也就是五大直轄市的形成，同時也使馬英九總統在2008年總統大選期間，所提出的「三都十五縣」的政見破局。但這樣的結果，對改制前的臺北縣而言，可說是完成追逐了30年，但卻仍遙不可及的夢想，也結束了長期淪為次等公民的不平等待遇。 升格後的新北市與臺北市在地方自治的體制上雖可說已是並駕齊驅，但是就兩者的發展歷史而言，新北市目前仍處於初始的立基階段，尤其是新北市的29個行政區，起源於改制前臺北縣29個鄉鎮市的自治體。在改制之初29個行政區，除了在人口密度、土地面積上有相當大的差異之外，最主要的是地理環境的先天條件，使得29個行政區呈現不同的城鄉風貌。 新北市首要面臨的課題，就是進行29個行政區的重整工作，在過去臺北縣發展一鄉一特色的基礎上，各行政區原具有社區產業的發展條件，但在過去鄉鎮市自治時期，難免因為各自政治立場的不同而分立，形成政治地理，以致造成政府當局資源整合不易。再者，原有的行政區疆界雖因為都市開發，產生地域疆界不明的現況，但在過去鄉鎮市自治時代，行政區域調整容易引發藩籬割據的疑慮，所以新北市行政區歷經了40年未曾調整。 升格後的新北市在五都之中，是人口最多的直轄市，在區域經濟崛起及國際城市競爭的氛圍中，各直轄市無不致力發展各自潛能，期以提升國際能見度。然而城市發展首重基礎的建設，行政區劃是新北市行政資源分配的基礎，各行政區發展皆屬新北市政府全權統籌規劃，如何以最適的行政區劃調整藍圖，勾勒未來新北市發展的願景與區域發展特色，是市政府重要的課題。行政區劃調整工作需有妥善完整的規劃與配套，應考量民意的趨勢，要有一次劃定，革除行政區界劃定不明的決心。 本研究指出根據公共選擇理論，以及區域治理、公共服務及廣域行政的概念，新北市應以現有公務機關服務轄區分布現況、市議員及立委選舉區劃分、生活圈、歷史、地理環境等現況來研擬未來新北市行政區藍圖，並探索最適的行政區劃藍圖，供市政府做為行政區劃時的參考，更有助於新北市行政區劃調整共識的形成。 / A revolutionary change of local self-governance in Taiwan history has occurred since December 25, 2010; that is the formation of five municipalities. This formation broke President Ma Ying-Jeou’s policy of “three cities fifteen counties” raised in Presidential Election of 2008. However, to pre-reformed Taipei County, the formation made its reachless dream which had been pursued for thirty years realized. The formation also ended the long-term unfair treatment of being the second-grade citizens. Upgraded New Taipei City is running neck to neck with Taipei City in terms of local self-governance. Regarding the histories of the two, however, the former is still under the fundamental stage, especially the 29 administrative areas of New Taipei City, which used to be 29 regional municipalities of the townships of pre-reformed Taipei County. In the beginning of the reformation for the 29 administrative areas, it was the precondition of geography that made them have different countryside landscapes in addition to a big difference of population density and land area. The first lesson New Taipei City will undergo is the work of administrative area adjustment for the 29 administrative areas. Upon “one township one feature” policy on which pre-formed Taipei County had made an effort, each administrative area had its own strength of developing community industry. During the past self-governance period of the townships, nonetheless, it was inevitable to see the area separation due to political diversity. Political geography had thus occurred and made it more difficult for the government to make resource integration. Furthermore, although there was boundary ambiguity in the original boundaries of the administrative areas on account of urban development, to avoid the problem of opposition to the splittism against administrative area adjustment, the administrative areas of New Taipei City had not been adjusted for forty years during the past self-governance period of the townships. Upgraded New Taipei City is the one with the highest population among the five municipalities. Affected by the rise of regional economic and international urban competition, none of the municipalities slacks on developing its potential in an attempt to enhance its international visibility. With respect to urban development, infrastructure is firstly emphasized and administrative division is considered to be the fundamental work to New Taipei City when administrative resource allocation is being made. It is New Taipei City government that has full authority to make an overall plan of the development of each administrative area. Therefore, the question “how to sketch the forthcoming version of the development of New Taipei City and the features of regional development on the most appropriate blueprint of administrative division?” becomes an important issue to the city government. The work of administrative division adjustment needs to be well planned and go with corresponding measures. Public opinion should be taken into account and the determination of “once only” and eliminating boundary ambiguity is also required. This study points out that, based on public choice theory and the concepts of regional governance, public service and cooperative administration, New Taipei City should make a blueprint of forthcoming administrative areas according to the present distribution of the service districts under jurisdiction of official departments, the division of the constituencies of city councilors and legislative committees, living domains, histories, and geographical surroundings. Meanwhile, to provide as references for the city government to make administrative division, the most appropriate blueprint of administrative division needs to be sought. It also helps on coming to a mutual understanding of the administrative division adjustment for New Taipei City.

Since formal instruments of spatial planning in Germany have turned out to be too inflexible to govern regional development, new ones are being implemented. One of them is Regional Land Management (RLM), which can be described as an application of regional management. A RLM comprises various aspects of planning, development and use of sites for industrial purposes, housing, recreation, open space et cetera. The complexity of tasks requires the cooperation between public and private actors ("public private partnership"), for instance municipalities and firms as well as different lobby groups. In most cases a Regional Development Concept contents the necessary guidelines, objectives and steps. This process has been analysed in the Municipal Network of "Saalebogen", which consists of Rudolstadt, Saalfeld and Bad Blankenburg and is situated in East Thuringia. Like elsewhere in Thuringia the "Landesentwicklungsgesellschaft Thüringen", i. e. the state development corporation, has taken considerable measures toward the revitalisation of industrial areas by acquisition, clearing, development and commercialisation. Thus, it was explored to what extent the participating municipalities undertook activities in terms of mutual coordination of industrial areas and public projects on existing sites referring to different functions within the Municipal Network. This has to take into account especially the decline of population due to the volatile economic performance of the region. The overall question is whether and how it can be managed to stimulate a development from the bottom of the region. The method of research chosen is threefold: Based on a new understanding of communicative and cooperative planning and a general concept for an RLM, the respective elements in the "Saalebogen" were defined as they can found in the urban and regional development plans and concepts. Interviews should show the motives, objectives and actions of planners, local politicians and entrepreneurs who are more or less involved in the RLM. Moreover, data on several industrial sites are evaluated in order to reflect the actual results. In the conclusion the implications of the RLM for regional planning and governance are formulated as well as improvements concerning planning system, spatial arrangement and organisation. / Die Raumplanung hat in der jüngeren Vergangenheit einen deutlichen Paradigmenwechsel vollzogen. Zunehmende Umsetzungsdefizite von formalen Plänen haben informellen Planungsinstrumenten einen erheblichen Bedeutungszuwachs beschert. Dazu gehören v.a. Regionale Entwicklungskonzepte (REK), die zur Behandlung einzelner Themenschwerpunkte bzw. Teilräume unter Einbeziehung der jeweils relevanten Akteure erstellt werden. Gerade in Ostdeutschland hat es sich als sinnvoll und notwendig erwiesen, nicht nur formale Rechtspläne in einem aufwendigen Verfahren zu erstellen, sondern im Vorgriff darauf bzw. parallel dazu Entwicklungskonzepte zu erarbeiten. Der zu untersuchende Raum des Städtedreiecks am Saalebogen stellt einen Städteverbund, bestehend aus Saalfeld, Rudolstadt und Bad Blankenburg, dar und wurde inhaltlich in einem REK verankert. Der dabei gewählte Ansatz eines Regionalmanagements umfasst zahlreiche Akteure auf den verschiedenen Ebenen (Land, Region, Kommunen, Unternehmen etc.). In diesem Zusammenhang sind planerische Überlegungen nicht zuletzt von Fragen der Flächenentwicklung (Revitalisierung, Nachnutzung, Neuerschließung) bestimmt. Nachdem die Landesentwicklungsgesellschaft Thüringen (LEG) erhebliche Leistungen in der Entwicklung gewerblicher Standorte sowie im Projektmanagement erbracht hat, stellt sich die Frage, inwieweit die beteiligten Kommunen ihrerseits eine abgestimmte, koordinierte und kooperative Flächenentwicklung betreiben. Elemente hierfür sind etwa die Bevorzugung gemeinsamer Standorte und die Rücknahme einzelner Flächen. Weiterhin soll anhand der Arbeit untersucht werden, wie mit den Rahmenbedingungen der Schrumpfung umgegangen wird. Dies betrifft v.a. die (interkommunale) (Um-) Nutzung bestimmter Standorte bzw. Flächen im Rahmen eines Bestandsmanagements. In Anbetracht der organisatorischen Form der Zusammenarbeit ist am konkreten Beispiel insgesamt von Interesse zu untersuchen, ob mit "weichen", kooperativen Instrumenten der Regionalentwicklung "harte" Standort- bzw. Flächennutzungsentscheidungen getroffen werden können. Als normative Grundlage zur Beurteilung kann dabei das Postulat einer nachhaltigen Raumentwicklung herangezogen werden, aus dem sich Kriterien einer ressourcensparenden und nutzungseffizienten Flächenentwicklung einerseits sowie einer kontinuierlichen Beteiligung von Akteuren bzw. Institutionalisierung der Zusammenarbeit andererseits ableiten lassen. In einer theoretischen Einführung werden die sich wandelnden raumplanerischen Funktionen allgemein erörtert sowie die Instrumente REK und Städtenetze im Besonderen vorgestellt. In einem nächsten Schritt erfolgt eine Begriffsbestimmung "des" regionalen Flächenmanagements anhand einzelner Elemente der Planung und deren Umsetzung bzw. Nutzung. Nach einer Beschreibung des Untersuchungsraums stehen konkrete Rahmenbedingungen (REK, Städteverbund), bisherige Aktivitäten und zukünftige Vorhaben eines regionalen Flächenmanagements im Mittelpunkt der Arbeit. Um dies differenziert beurteilen zu können, werden der (zeitliche) Vergleich von Raumordnungsplänen und REK, Gespräche mit regional bedeutsamen Akteuren sowie die Auswertung von Strukturdaten durchgeführt. Mit dieser empirischen Vorgehensweise verbunden sind neue Erkenntnisse über Entscheidungsprozesse in der Regionalentwicklung unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Flächenentwicklung. Außerdem werden Vorschläge für die Weiterentwicklung des RFM im Städtedreieck und allgemein erarbeitet. Damit liegt der Schwerpunkt der Untersuchung auf planungspraktischen sowie umsetzungsbezogenen Fragestellungen.

Since formal instruments of spatial planning in Germany have turned out to be too inflexible to govern regional development, new ones are being implemented. One of them is Regional Land Management (RLM), which can be described as an application of regional management. A RLM comprises various aspects of planning, development and use of sites for industrial purposes, housing, recreation, open space et cetera. The complexity of tasks requires the cooperation between public and private actors ("public private partnership"), for instance municipalities and firms as well as different lobby groups. In most cases a Regional Development Concept contents the necessary guidelines, objectives and steps. This process has been analysed in the Municipal Network of "Saalebogen", which consists of Rudolstadt, Saalfeld and Bad Blankenburg and is situated in East Thuringia. Like elsewhere in Thuringia the "Landesentwicklungsgesellschaft Thüringen", i. e. the state development corporation, has taken considerable measures toward the revitalisation of industrial areas by acquisition, clearing, development and commercialisation. Thus, it was explored to what extent the participating municipalities undertook activities in terms of mutual coordination of industrial areas and public projects on existing sites referring to different functions within the Municipal Network. This has to take into account especially the decline of population due to the volatile economic performance of the region. The overall question is whether and how it can be managed to stimulate a development from the bottom of the region. The method of research chosen is threefold: Based on a new understanding of communicative and cooperative planning and a general concept for an RLM, the respective elements in the "Saalebogen" were defined as they can found in the urban and regional development plans and concepts. Interviews should show the motives, objectives and actions of planners, local politicians and entrepreneurs who are more or less involved in the RLM. Moreover, data on several industrial sites are evaluated in order to reflect the actual results. In the conclusion the implications of the RLM for regional planning and governance are formulated as well as improvements concerning planning system, spatial arrangement and organisation. / Die Raumplanung hat in der jüngeren Vergangenheit einen deutlichen Paradigmenwechsel vollzogen. Zunehmende Umsetzungsdefizite von formalen Plänen haben informellen Planungsinstrumenten einen erheblichen Bedeutungszuwachs beschert. Dazu gehören v.a. Regionale Entwicklungskonzepte (REK), die zur Behandlung einzelner Themenschwerpunkte bzw. Teilräume unter Einbeziehung der jeweils relevanten Akteure erstellt werden. Gerade in Ostdeutschland hat es sich als sinnvoll und notwendig erwiesen, nicht nur formale Rechtspläne in einem aufwendigen Verfahren zu erstellen, sondern im Vorgriff darauf bzw. parallel dazu Entwicklungskonzepte zu erarbeiten. Der zu untersuchende Raum des Städtedreiecks am Saalebogen stellt einen Städteverbund, bestehend aus Saalfeld, Rudolstadt und Bad Blankenburg, dar und wurde inhaltlich in einem REK verankert. Der dabei gewählte Ansatz eines Regionalmanagements umfasst zahlreiche Akteure auf den verschiedenen Ebenen (Land, Region, Kommunen, Unternehmen etc.). In diesem Zusammenhang sind planerische Überlegungen nicht zuletzt von Fragen der Flächenentwicklung (Revitalisierung, Nachnutzung, Neuerschließung) bestimmt. Nachdem die Landesentwicklungsgesellschaft Thüringen (LEG) erhebliche Leistungen in der Entwicklung gewerblicher Standorte sowie im Projektmanagement erbracht hat, stellt sich die Frage, inwieweit die beteiligten Kommunen ihrerseits eine abgestimmte, koordinierte und kooperative Flächenentwicklung betreiben. Elemente hierfür sind etwa die Bevorzugung gemeinsamer Standorte und die Rücknahme einzelner Flächen. Weiterhin soll anhand der Arbeit untersucht werden, wie mit den Rahmenbedingungen der Schrumpfung umgegangen wird. Dies betrifft v.a. die (interkommunale) (Um-) Nutzung bestimmter Standorte bzw. Flächen im Rahmen eines Bestandsmanagements. In Anbetracht der organisatorischen Form der Zusammenarbeit ist am konkreten Beispiel insgesamt von Interesse zu untersuchen, ob mit "weichen", kooperativen Instrumenten der Regionalentwicklung "harte" Standort- bzw. Flächennutzungsentscheidungen getroffen werden können. Als normative Grundlage zur Beurteilung kann dabei das Postulat einer nachhaltigen Raumentwicklung herangezogen werden, aus dem sich Kriterien einer ressourcensparenden und nutzungseffizienten Flächenentwicklung einerseits sowie einer kontinuierlichen Beteiligung von Akteuren bzw. Institutionalisierung der Zusammenarbeit andererseits ableiten lassen. In einer theoretischen Einführung werden die sich wandelnden raumplanerischen Funktionen allgemein erörtert sowie die Instrumente REK und Städtenetze im Besonderen vorgestellt. In einem nächsten Schritt erfolgt eine Begriffsbestimmung "des" regionalen Flächenmanagements anhand einzelner Elemente der Planung und deren Umsetzung bzw. Nutzung. Nach einer Beschreibung des Untersuchungsraums stehen konkrete Rahmenbedingungen (REK, Städteverbund), bisherige Aktivitäten und zukünftige Vorhaben eines regionalen Flächenmanagements im Mittelpunkt der Arbeit. Um dies differenziert beurteilen zu können, werden der (zeitliche) Vergleich von Raumordnungsplänen und REK, Gespräche mit regional bedeutsamen Akteuren sowie die Auswertung von Strukturdaten durchgeführt. Mit dieser empirischen Vorgehensweise verbunden sind neue Erkenntnisse über Entscheidungsprozesse in der Regionalentwicklung unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Flächenentwicklung. Außerdem werden Vorschläge für die Weiterentwicklung des RFM im Städtedreieck und allgemein erarbeitet. Damit liegt der Schwerpunkt der Untersuchung auf planungspraktischen sowie umsetzungsbezogenen Fragestellungen.

Depuis son introduction en santé publique en 1978 et son intégration en promotion de la santé en 1986 avec la Charte d’Ottawa, la gouvernance intersectorielle (GI) est devenue une des stratégies les plus utilisées en santé publique et en promotion de la santé pour aborder les déterminants sociaux de la santé. La GI met en relation des acteurs de différents secteurs avec des intérêts divers qui décident de travailler ensemble dans le but de réaliser un objectif commun. La réalisation de cet objectif nécessite que les acteurs harmonisent leurs intérêts organisationnels pour aboutir à un intérêt collectif mutuellement bénéfique. Il a été démontré que la conciliation des intérêts est un des facteurs déterminants de l'efficacité des processus de gouvernance intersectorielle. S’il est traditionnellement reconnu que dans un processus de gouvernance intersectorielle les acteurs concilient leurs intérêts organisationnels et collectifs, à notre connaissance, l’étude des stratégies d’influence déployées par les acteurs intersectoriels pour aligner leurs intérêts est un peu négligée. Cette thèse se propose de combler cette lacune. La thèse porte sur un cas de gouvernance intersectorielle aux niveaux régional et local à Montréal : l’Initiative montréalaise pour le développement social coordonnée par un comité de quatre partenaires provenant de quatre secteurs différents. Nous nous intéressons plus précisément au processus de révision du Cadre de référence de l’Initiative montréalaise (IM) qui a été marqué par une crise et qui a eu de grands impacts sur le fonctionnement et la dynamique du processus de gouvernance de l’IM. L’objectif principal de la thèse est d’identifier les stratégies d’influence développées par les acteurs intersectoriels pour concilier leurs intérêts organisationnels et collectifs dans un processus délibératif. Plus spécifiquement, nous nous proposerons i) de retracer et de décrire les évènements critiques qui ont marqué le processus délibératif de révision de l’Initiative montréalaise de 2011 à 2015 ; ii) de caractériser les évènements critiques du point de vue des acteurs de chaque secteur afin de reconstruire les stratégies d’influence déployées pour concilier leurs intérêts et d’examiner les conditions d’utilisation des stratégies d’influence. Pour atteindre nos objectifs, nous avons mobilisé la théorie de l’acteur-réseau (TAR) combinée au modèle conceptuel de Dewulf et Elbers (2018) et de l’approche de Heckscher (2013). Pour la collecte de données, nous avons eu recours à la recherche documentaire, la technique d’incidents critiques, des entrevues semi-structurées et des groupes de discussion. Les résultats révèlent que pour reconstruire à postériori un processus de gouvernance intersectorielle à l’aide d’évènements critiques, il est important d’identifier les évènements en lien avec les controverses survenues au cours de son déroulement. Concernant les stratégies d’influence, l’étude montre que les secteurs ont déployé deux grandes catégories de stratégies que nous avons qualifiées de stratégies intersectorielles et de stratégies intra sectorielles. Les premières comprennent les stratégies communes et les stratégies de médiation. Les stratégies intra sectorielles regroupent les stratégies unilatérales créatives, les stratégies de pouvoir et les stratégies multilatérales. Les deux catégories de stratégies se différencient principalement par leurs objectifs, leur lieu de déploiement et par leurs mécanismes de base. Pour ce qui est des conditions d’utilisation, la recherche indique que : i) le contexte interne de la gouvernance intersectorielle caractérisé par l’existence ou non de conflit entre les intérêts sectoriels et collectifs; ii) les contraintes organisationnelles définies par les valeurs, missions et objectifs de l’organisation d’appartenance des acteurs et iii) les atouts qui désignent les ressources matérielles, la légitimité et l’autorité dont disposent les secteurs constituent les principales conditions dans lesquelles les stratégies d’influence sont utilisées. À noter également que les différents secteurs ont eu recours aux mêmes stratégies d’influence - exception faite des stratégies de pouvoir - dans les mêmes conditions. Ces résultats apportent un nouvel éclairage au fonctionnement interne de la gouvernance intersectorielle pour la santé. Ils mettent en évidence l’importance des stratégies d’influence des acteurs dans la conciliation des intérêts et du même coup dans la dynamique interne de la gouvernance. À ce titre, nous pensons que les chercheurs gagneraient à inclure le concept de stratégie à la liste des facteurs qui favorisent ou qui entravent le fonctionnement de la gouvernance intersectorielle régionale/locale en promotion de la santé. / Intersectoral governance (IG) has become one of the most widely used strategies in public health and health promotion to address the social determinants of health since its introduction into public health in 1978 and its integration into health promotion in 1986 formulated/highlighted in the Ottawa Charter. Intersectoral governance brings together actors from different sectors with diverse interests to work together to achieve a common goal. Achieving this goal requires that actors align their organizational interests to achieve a mutually beneficial collective interest. It has been shown that the reconciliation of interests is one of the determining factors in the effectiveness of cross-sectoral governance processes. While it is traditionally recognized that actors in an intersectoral governance process reconcile their organizational and collective interests, to the best of our knowledge, the study of strategies deployed by intersectoral actors to align their interests is somewhat neglected. This thesis proposes to fill this gap. The thesis focuses on a case of intersectoral governance in Montreal: the Montreal Initiative for Social Development coordinated by a committee of four partners from four different sectors. Specifically, we focus on the process of revising the Montreal Initiative's (MI) Terms of Reference, which was affected by a crisis and had major impacts on the functioning and dynamics of the MI's governance process. The main objective of the thesis is to identify the strategies developed by intersectoral actors to reconcile their organizational and collective interests in a deliberative process. More specifically, we will propose to a) reconstruct and describe the critical events that marked the deliberative process of revising the Montreal Initiative from 2011 to 2015; b) characterize the critical events from the point of view of the actors in each sector in order to reconstruct the strategies deployed to reconcile their interests and to examine the conditions of use of the strategies. To achieve our objectives, we mobilized the actor network theory (ANT), using the conceptual model of Dewulf and Elbers (2018) and the approach of Heckscher (2013). For data collection, we conducted literature review, critical incident technique, semi-structured interviews, and focus groups. In terms of critical events, our results reveal that it is important to identify events related to controversies that occurred during the process. Regarding influence strategies, the study shows that the sectors have deployed two main categories of strategies including, intersectoral strategies and intra-sector strategies. The former includes joint strategies and mediation strategies. The latter, intra-sectoral strategies consist of creative unilateral strategies, power strategies and multilateral strategies. The two categories of strategies differ mainly in their objectives, their place of deployment and their basic mechanisms. Regarding the conditions of use, the results indicate that: i) the internal context of intersectoral governance are characterized by the existence or not of conflict between sectoral and collective interests; ii) organizational constraints are defined by the values, missions and objectives of the organization that the actors belong; and iii) assets, which refer to the material resources, legitimacy and authority available to the sectors, constituting the main conditions under which influence strategies are used. It should be also noted that the different sectors used the same strategies - except for power strategies - under the same conditions. These results shed new light on the internal workings of intersectoral governance. This study highlights the importance of the actors' strategies in reconciling interests and, at the same time, in the internal dynamics of governance. As such, we believe that researchers would benefit from including the concept of strategy in the list of factors that promote or hinder the functioning of intersectoral governance in health promotion.