This study focuses on the sense of self of adolescents when they are reintegrated into schools after dropping out. Dropout is a global phenomenon and yet very little research has been undertaken regarding reintegration and especially the successful reintegration of adolescents and how this reintegration affects their sense of self. The goal of the study was to determine how reintegrated adolescents experience their reintegration into schools, and how this has affected them in terms of how they see themselves. The research hoped to discover what personal difficulties the adolescents had overcome in their return to school as well as the motivating factors that would keep the reintegrated adolescents in school. The research was conducted from a phenomenological Gestalt, field approach and followed a qualitative research design within an interpretivist framework. This research design allows the participants to give meaning to their own experiences. A total of six adolescent boys between the ages of 13 and 17 were purposefully selected from the informal settlement of Groenheuwel, Paarl in the Western Cape. Five of the six adolescents had been reintegrated into schools in 2011 and 2012 by the Khula Development Group. One adolescent participant was a peer educator and although he had never dropped out, he contributed meaningful data on how reintegrated adolescents are experienced as seen from his role as a peer educator. Other participants in the research included the Headmaster of Groenheuwel Primary School and the President and Project leader of the Khula Development Group. The qualitative data were collected in the form of individual open-ended interviews with the adolescents, project leader and headmaster. The researcher’s objective was to understand and interpret the meanings the participants gave to their own experiences, which was further done through observation, member checking, and a reflective group discussion including the application of an art technique. The interviews were recorded on DVD. The reflective group discussion was held with the adolescent participants two weeks after the individual interviews. The group discussion included an art technique, where the adolescents were asked to create their experiences of their return to school in clay. This session was also recorded on DVD. Recordings were transcribed by the researcher to ascertain certain emerging themes and categories. Thematic data analysis was used to transform the transcribed data into meaningful information. The principles and strategies for enhancing the trustworthiness of the data were done through crystallisation. The findings of the study revealed the unrealistic expectations with which the adolescents view their sense of self. / Thesis (MA (Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013

Syfte: Syftet med denna studie var att beskriva och jämföra skattning av känslan av sammanhang och tilltro till sin egen förmåga hos patienter med stroke respektive kronisk njursvikt. Metod: Frågeformulären GSE och SOC användes för att mäta tilltro till sin egen förmåga samt känsla av sammanhang hos patienter med stroke (n=63) och patienter med kronisk njursvikt (n=54). Deltagarna valdes ut från diagnosregistret ICD 10 från ett landsting i Mellansverige. Resultat: Båda patientgrupperna skattade högst på delskalan SOC-begriplighet och lägst på delskalan SOC-meningsfullhet. Det fanns signifikanta skillnader mellan yngre och äldre patienter med stroke gällande skattning av delskalan begriplighet. Det fanns dock inga signifikanta skillnader mellan yngre och äldre patienter med kronisk njursvikt. Båda patientgrupperna skattade tilltron till sin egen förmåga ungefär lika högt. Slutsats: Resultatet av denna studie visar att äldre strokepatienter upplever sig ha större begriplighet än yngre patientervilket kan bero på livserfarenhet vilket stämmer överens med tidigare studier. Det fanns inga skillnader mellan hur patientgrupperna skattade tilltron till sin egen förmåga, så skattningen verkar bero på det kroniska sjukdomstillståndet snarare än den specifika sjukdomen. Det beskrivs även i tidigare forskning. Kunskap om hur patienter med kroniska sjukdomar använder sig av copingresurser kan leda till att sjuksköterskor blir bättre på att använda sig av patienternas inre och yttre resurser för att utveckla kvaliteten på omvårdnad. Nyckelord: Kronisk njursvikt, stroke, känsla av sammanhang, tilltro till sin egen förmåga, GSE, SOC / Aim: The aim of the study was to describe and compare the sense of coherence and self-efficacy of patients with stroke and chronic kidney disease. Methods: The questionnaires GSE and SOC was used to measure the sense of coherence and self-efficacy of patients with stroke (n=63) and patients with chronic kidney disease (n=54). The study groups were chosen from the international classification of disease (ICD-10) from a county in Central Sweden. Results: Both of the study groups rated highest on the comprehensibility sub-scale and lowest on the meaningfulness sub-scale. There were significant differences between younger and older patients with stroke regarding the comprehensibility sub-scale. There were no significant differences between younger and older patients with chronic kidney disease. Both of the studygroups estimated self-efficacy comparable the same. Conclusion: The result of this study shows that elderly stroke patients perceive to have greater intelligibility than younger patients, which may be caused by life experience which is consistent with previous studies. There were no differences in how patient groups estimated confidence in their own ability, so how they estimate appears to be due to chronic illness rather than a specific disease.It is also described in previous research. Knowledge of how patients with chronic diseases are using copingresources can lead to getting better at making use of patients ' internal and external resources to develop the quality of nursing care. Keywords: Chronic kidney disease, stroke, sense of coherence, self-efficacy, GSE, SOC / LVO-projekt

Ce mémoire propose une analyse de la théorie de la volonté en relation avec le mal dans la pensée de Thomas d’Aquin. Le mal est une privation d’être et l’être est identique au bien. La volonté est une forme intellectuelle d’appétit, ainsi que la gouvernante des puissances inférieures, mais aussi de la raison qui est à la fois son principe. L’appétit est un mouvement vers ce qui est le bien d’une nature, il est donc difficile d’accepter que la volonté puisse élire son contraire qui est le mal. La thèse de Platon selon laquelle le mal n’est désiré que par ignorance est écartée, puisque le propos de Thomas est d’expliquer le consentement en faveur du mal connu. Or, si le mal peut être voulu, on ne peut le vouloir sans le référer au bien. Ainsi, le libre arbitre, bien qu’ayant Dieu pour principe, est le principe du premier mauvais choix. La compréhension de la problématique passe par la division de ce qui appartient à l’extérieur de la volonté et ensuite à l’intérieur. De soi, un acte extérieur peut être immoral, comme le vol, mais la volonté d’une intention bonne qui choisit cet acte devient mauvaise, bien qu’elle garde le mérite de sa bonne intention. Son choix mauvais est parfois dû à une certaine ignorance, mais, puisque nous n’ignorons pas toujours le mal, il faut attribuer une faiblesse à la volonté, car elle n’accomplit pas pleinement sa nature. Quand elle répète ses actes de faiblesse à l’égard du mal, elle se dispose à accueillir l’habitus de la malice, et alors elle cherche d’elle-même le mal. Aucun de ces principes, cependant, ne peut s’appliquer à l’homme originel ni au diable. Ceux-ci n’auront pour principe de leurs choix que l’orgueil dans le libre exercice de la volonté. / This paper proposes to analyse the theory of will in interaction with evil in Thomas Aquinas’s thought. Evil is a privation of being, and being is identical to good. The will is an intellectual form of appetite, as well as the governor of lower faculties and of reason, which is also its principle. Appetite is a movement towards the good of a nature; it is therefore difficult to accept that will could elect its opposite, which is evil. Plato’s thesis consisting of attributing the will towards bad to ignorance is discarded, because Thomas’s explanation concerns the consent towards evil witch is known. Now, if evil can be wanted, we cannot want it without referring it to good. In that way, free will, though having God for principle, is the principle of the first bad choice. The comprehension of the problem has to go through the division of that which belongs to the will’s exterior and to it’s interior. In itself, an exterior act can be immoral, like stealing, but the good intentioned will that choses this act then becomes evil, keeping nonetheless the merit of its good intention. The bad choice is sometimes attributable to ignorance, but since we do not always ignore evil, we have to accuse a certain weakness in the will for not being able to fulfill its nature. When it repeatedly acts weakly towards evil, it makes itself available for the mischievous habitus, and it then, on its own, searches the evil act. None of these principles, though, can apply to the original man or for the devil. They will not have any other principle for their choice than that of pride in the free exercise of their will.

The aim of this study is to examine the meaning and the morality of suicide through the history of philosophy. To this aim, firstly, the historical evaluation of the concept of suicide is explained in detail. The effects of sociological and the religious transformations on the meaning of suicide are analyzed. Afterwards, the moral theories about suicide are discussed. The anti-suicide arguments about suicide in the history of philosophy are classified under three parts mainly. These anti-suicide arguments &mdash / that suicide is a violation of our duties to God, to the society and to the self &mdash / are handled and explained in detail with their counter arguments. Then, the problem of the permissibility of suicide is analyzed and whether suicide is morally permitted under some conditions or it is absolutely forbidden is discussed. Next, the philosophical meaning of suicide in literature is investigated by analyzing the meanings that are given to suicide by Dante iv and Dostoevsky. In the conclusion, a brief summary is given, and the moral theories about suicide are criticized. ,

《罪羊人》是一部獨立集資並用高畫質數位單眼反射相機 （HD-DSLR）所攝製而成的原創劇情短片，從發想編寫到後製完成共歷經了一年多的時間，內容取材自創作者二十多年的生命經驗，將人生中的喜好、痛苦、感動、疑惑給整理融合並壓縮提煉出來，主題是關於罪惡、宗教和寬恕，故事敘述一名因醫療疏失而入獄服刑的救護車司機，出獄後依然擺脫不了罪惡感，進而陷入信仰混亂的洗罪過程，在經過一連串的掙扎，最後仍舊無法逃離循環的枷鎖，人與神似乎都不是罪惡難題的完美解答。 在文獻探討部分，本片因借用義大利西部片的老電影片段來當作情感連結和隱喻，於是回顧了互文理論和電影類型，另一方面本片也觸及了心理學、哲學和宗教儀式的主題，所以在負罪感以及猶太新年贖罪期也有所著墨，並列舉了三部相關電影長片作品來作評析比較，分別是韓國李滄東導演的《密陽》、德國法提阿金導演的《天堂邊緣》和墨西哥阿利安卓崗札雷伊納利圖導演的《靈魂的重量》。在作品呈現部分，分別從敘事、類型、選角、場勘、美術、服裝、表演、攝影、燈光、剪輯、配樂、聲音，將每個環節重點敘述和分析一次，包含思維想法、製作過程等等皆會融合納入不同段落，以期忠實呈現創作者的心靈。 / The Teshuvah is an independently-funded original narrative short film, which is shot by HD-DSLR camera. The creator taps into his real-life experience over the past 20 years and more, aggregating and distilling all the love, fondness, pain, affections and confusions, with its theme is set on sin, religions and forgiveness. The story tells an ambulance driver, who serves for his sentence in prison as he was convicted of medical negligence, haunted by his feeling of guilt after he came out of prison. He eventually becomes trapped by a chaos of seeking redemption from religious belief. After all his struggling, he still cannot escape from the shackle of life`s circulation, and it seems that either human or God(s) could provide a perfect answer to the riddle of crime. As for Literature Review, Intertextuality and movie genres are covered since the film has borrowed from old spaghetti-western movie clips to function as a metaphor of affections bound, while other topics like psychology, philosophy, and religious rituals are also referred to; hence, the feeling of guilt and Jewish Ten Days of Penitence are also depicted. Three other relevant feature films are listed herein to serve the purpose of critical analysis and comparison. They are Secret Sunshine by South Korean director Lee Chang-Tung, The Edge of Heaven by German director Fatih Akin, and 21 Grams by Mexican director Alejandro González Iñárritu. In the respect of presentations of film works, this thesis goes through every essential phase, outlines and provides analysis on narration, genres, casting, location hunting, arts, costumes, acting, shooting, lighting, editting, original music, and sounds. It also indicates that mindsets, production process and so on are also incorporated into different chapters of a film to faithfully represent its creators mind.

This study, Death shadowed by life: Accountability in popular interpretations of suicide in Sweden 1850–1900, draws inspiration from the perspective of new cultural history, exploring ideas of accountability and the relationship between life and death in interpretations of suicide in late 19th century rural Sweden. The sources used in this study consist of records of popular belief and practice that were collected in the early 20th century. In historical writings suicide is often treated as an isolated act which was by default morally condemned. In this work the perspective is broadened, analysing the self-killing act in relation to understandings of the self-murderer’s earlier life as well as to related types of death. I argue that the definition of suicide, in the context here examined, had less to do with the intention and agency of the person who killed themself than with the context of the person’s earlier life. The main aspect when classifying deaths, both accidental and intentional, as suicides was the presence of sinful acts in the past. Furthermore, suicide was part of an even wider category of deaths caused by sinful acts in life. However, as opposed to these other kinds of death, suicide was understood as the ultimate proof of sinful behaviour. Finally, I suggest that sin in this context had a pragmatic facet that intertwined with, but did not depend on, moral judgment. This study thus sheds new light on the stigmatization of suicide.

Hadriaan Beverland (1650-1716) was banished from Holland in 1679. Why did this humanist scholar get into so much trouble in the most tolerant part of Europe in the seventeenth century? In an attempt to answer this question, this thesis places Beverland's writings on sex, sin, Scripture, and scholarship in their historical context for the first time. Beverland argued that lust was the original sin and highlighted the importance of sex in human nature, ancient history, and his own society. His works were characterized by his erudite Latin, satirical style, and disregard for traditional genres and hierarchies in early modern scholarship. Dutch theologians disliked his theology and exegesis, and hated his use of erudition to mock their learning, morality, and authority. Beverland's humanist colleagues did not support his studies either, because they believed that drawing attention to the sexual side of the classics threatened the basis of the humanist enterprise. When theologians asked for his arrest and humanist professors left him to his fate, Dutch magistrates were happy to convict Beverland because he had insolently accused the political and economic, as well as the religious and intellectual elite of the Dutch Republic, of hypocrisy. By restricting sex to marriage, in compliance with Reformed doctrine, secular authorities upheld a sexual morality that was unattainable, Beverland argued. He proposed honest discussion of the problem of sex and suggested that greater sexual liberty for the male elite might be the solution. Beverland's crime was to expose the gap between principle and practice in sexual relations in Dutch society, highlighting the hypocrisy of a deeply conflicted elite at a precarious time. His intervention came at the moment when the uneasy balance struck between Reformed orthodoxy, humanist scholarship, economic prosperity, and patrician politics, which had characterized the Golden Age of the Dutch Republic, was disintegrating, with unsettling consequences for all concerned. Placing Beverland's fate in this context of change provides a fresh perspective on the intellectual environment of the Republic in the last decades of the seventeenth century.

Submitted by Noeme Timbo (noeme.timbo@metodista.br) on 2017-01-25T13:38:43Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Paulo Cruz.pdf: 1065817 bytes, checksum: c89d4c886e6d9f4f04095b666ec92c44 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-25T13:38:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Paulo Cruz.pdf: 1065817 bytes, checksum: c89d4c886e6d9f4f04095b666ec92c44 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-18 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This paper presents a study on C. S. Lewis’ Space Trilogy — that embraces Out of the Silent Planet, Perelandra, and That Hideous Strength. We analize the theological concepts used by the author, specially the Original Sin doctrine and its relations with the concept of moral imagination, developed by the american thinker Russell Kirk. / O presente trabalho apresenta um estudo da obra Triologia Cósmica de C. S. Lewis — composta pelas obras Além do Planeta Silencioso, Perelandra e Essa força medonha —, analisando os conceitos teológicos utilizados pelo autor, sobretudo a doutrina do Pecado Original, e suas relações com o conceito de Imaginação Moral, desenvolvido pelo filósofo americano Russell Kirk.

La presente investigación busca responder algunas preguntas que plantean las dos foto-novelas de Mario Bellatin: Shiki Nagaoka: una nariz de ficción (2001) y Demerol: sin fecha de caducidad/El baño de Frida Kahlo (2008). Parto de que la problematización de la representación realista ha sido un eje vertebral a lo largo del proyecto narrativo de Bellatin, como se ha estudiado ya, para sostener que ambas foto-novelas complejizan dicho problema, al explorar, específicamente, los dispositivos de la biografía que la construyen como un discurso. En el primer capítulo, analizo cómo Shiki Nagaoka promete ser una biografía y estudio crítico acerca de un escritor, pero, a su vez, deshace esta promesa al tener un personaje imposible que nunca llega a mostrarse ni con la foto ni con el relato: su nariz, demasiado grande para ser real, lo marca como un cuerpo grotesco velado en las imágenes y desplazado constantemente por el narrador. En el segundo capítulo, me ocupo de Demerol como un libro-objeto que radicaliza aún más las posibilidades de representación del sujeto, al hilvanar dos secciones aparentemente inconexas a partir de la fragmentaria representación de un cuerpo espectral. En resumidas cuentas, ambos textos, a través de la fotografía y el lenguaje escrito, exploran los dispositivos de la representación y sugieren nuevas posibilidades de imaginarla. / Tesis

Este estudo tem por finalidade analisar as representações relacionadas ao feminino durante o período medieval averiguando a existência ou não de uma associação entre as características atribuídas às mulheres e o pecado da luxúria. Neste intuito, a pesquisa utilizará fontes variadas a fim de contextualizar a concepção sobre o feminino, valendose especialmente do “Livro das Confissões” de Martin Perez, compilado por monges do Mosteiro de Alcobaça em 1399. A preocupação com o pecado permeia o imaginário medieval e se traduz em uma série de discursos que visam orientar as relações sociais e explicar a realidade. O pensamento e as práticas identificadas durante o medievo sofrem uma série de transformações com o passar do tempo, sendo um exemplo o estabelecimento da confissão auricular, bem como as modificações existentes na apresentação dos pecados capitais. Assim, para a adequada compreensão do feminino e do masculino neste momento histórico é fundamental a reflexão sobre o pecado, suas possibilidades de manifestação e as formas de evitá-lo, uma vez que a reflexão sobre este permite a proposta de determinados modelos de pensar e agir. A realidade feminina em suas diferentes esferas de atuação, especialmente nos âmbitos do matrimônio e da maternidade, e sua vinculação ao pecado sob a análise de gênero, permite compreender mais profundamente as sociabilidades, bem como aspectos políticos, econômicos e culturais aos quais estavam submetidos os sujeitos que vivenciaram o período medieval. / This study aims at analyzing representations related to the feminine in the mediaeval period, searching for the existence or not of some association between characteristics given to women and the sin of luxury. With this aim, the research uses different resources in order to contextualize the conception of the feminine and it also takes advantage, mainly, of “Livro das Confições” (Book of Confessions) of Martin Perez, organized by monks of the Alcobaça Monastery in 1399. Worries concerning sin passed through the mediaeval imaginary and were made up of a range of discourses which intended to guide social relationships and apply the reality. Thought and practices identified along the mediaeval context suffered a number of transformations as time passed by. An example of this is the institution of the auricular confession and also modifications observed in the presentation of capital sins. Thus, for an adequate understanding of the feminine and the masculine in that historic moment, it is fundamental to make a reflection about sin, its possibilities of manifestation and ways of avoiding it, in that the reflection about it allows the suggestion of certain models of thinking and acting. The feminine reality, with its diversified range of action, especially marriage and motherhood, and its connection with sin, under gender analysis, allows a deeper understanding of social behaviors as well as well as political, economical and cultural aspects to which were submitted the subjects who lived in that period.