Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T17:13:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria Silva.pdf: 2571150 bytes, checksum: 8705049f77f44ee3325ee13d43e631d8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-08-14 / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-25T17:25:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Maria Silva.pdf.jpg: 1943 bytes, checksum: cc73c4c239a4c332d642ba1e7c7a9fb2 (MD5) Maria Silva.pdf: 2571150 bytes, checksum: 8705049f77f44ee3325ee13d43e631d8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-08-14 / The subject of this study is the relashionshp between the cultural word of the concepts, ideas and experiences of popular communties and the word of the sistematic knowledge developed on the scholar space. The author defends the idea that is possible to join the popular knowledge, to possibilite the building of the meaningful knowledge, on the ethnomathematical perspective. When we think about the social problems of our country, there is something of essential importance: the question of popular habitation. The popular habitations, usually, are built by the builder, a person who has competence to build houses but who received a few formal education. In our research, we tried to understand the mathematical concepts used by theses masters of this craft and we, join with our students, tried to make a study of their knowledges and skills, searching to integrate the scholar and popular mathematical knowledges. From the research carried through for pupils of 3º term (2º semester of 2006) of a public basic school, in São Paulo, next to builder we analyze and we identify to the mathematics apprehended by the formal and informal way gift in its craft. We search in the qualitative boarding elements for analysis of the activities made in classroom that had involved expositive lesson on the Ethnomathematical subject, organization and analysis of the data, identification of the mathematics in the craft of the builder, confection of plants and maquettes. We had as objective to work the subject Geometry and Measures considered for official documents that guide the pedagogical work in the public net, such as the PCNEM: National Curricular Parameters: Average Education and PCN+ Average Education: Orientation Educational Complementary to the National Curricular Parameters. Science of the Nature, Mathematics an its Technologies. The contributions of Vygotsky and Ubiratan D Ambrosio had given to the theoretical support for the reflections and elaboration of this research / O tema deste estudo é a relação entre o mundo cultural dos conceitos, idéias e experiências das comunidades populares e o mundo do saber sistematizado desenvolvido no espaço escolar. Defendemos a idéia de que é possível integrar o conhecimento popular e o conhecimento sistematizado para possibilitar a construção do saber significativo na perspectiva etnomatemática. Quando pensamos a respeito dos problemas sociais de nosso país, há algo de importância essencial: a questão da habitação. As habitações populares, usualmente, são construídas pelo pedreiro, uma pessoa que tem competências para edificar as casas, mas que recebeu pouca educação formal. Em nossa pesquisa, tentamos entender os conceitos matemáticos usados por estes mestres de ofício e juntamente de nossos estudantes procuramos fazer um estudo sobre os seus conhecimentos para integrar os conhecimentos escolares e populares. A partir das pesquisas realizadas por alunos do 3º termo A (2º semestre de 2006) de uma escola pública estadual, em São Paulo, junto a pedreiros, analisamos e identificamos a matemática apreendida por meio formal ou informal presente em seu ofício. Buscamos na abordagem qualitativa elementos para análise das atividades realizadas em sala de aula que envolveram aula expositiva sobre o tema Etnomatemática, organização e análise dos dados, identificação da matemática no ofício do pedreiro, confecção de plantas e maquetes. Tivemos como objetivo trabalhar o tema Geometria e Medidas, proposto por documentos oficiais que norteiam o trabalho pedagógico na rede pública, tais como o PCNEM: Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais: Ensino Médio e PCN+ Ensino Médio: Orientações Educacionais Complementares aos Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais. Ciência da Natureza, Matemática e suas Tecnologias. As contribuições de Vygotsky e de Ubiratan D Ambrosio deram o suporte teórico para as reflexões e elaboração desta pesquisa

Nous menons une enquête longitudinale dans un dispositif de pré-formation auprès des formateurs et des jeunes peu qualifiés et ainsi en difficulté d’insertion sociale et professionnelle. Nous relevons les marqueurs d’apprentissage et de développement des jeunes par l’analyse des interactions verbales et des entretiens. Les résultats montrent l’importance de la socialisation du jeune novice par son interaction verbale avec le formateur expert des situations sociales. Dans le sens de Vygotsky, l’interaction est considérée comme une « Situation Sociale de Développement » qui vise à ce que le jeune apprenne les situations par leur ré-interprétation par le formateur. Ce travail mène à la transformation de ses activités cognitive et opératoire nécessaires à la maîtrise des situations et à l’adoption appropriée des règles qui régissent les espaces physiques, sociaux et culturels, avec des personnes étrangères à l’environnement social habituel du jeune. / We conduct a longitudinal survey in a scheme for pre-training for trainers and youth with poor skills and thus in great difficulty of social and professional integration. We identify markers for young people’s learning and development of the verbal interactions and interviews. The results show the importance of socialization of young novice through his verbal interaction with the trainer who is expert with social situations. As discussed by Vygotsky, interaction is considered "Social Situation of Development" who aims to ensure that young people learn the situations through their reinterpretation by the trainer. This work leads to the transformation of young people’s cognitive and operational activities necessary for controlling situations and to the appropriate adoption of rules that govern the physical, social and cultural spaces, with people outside the usual social environment of young people.

Cette thèse s’intéresse à la représentation écrite du « parler jeune » dans la bande dessinée. La représentation de la langue des jeunes dans la bande dessinée est intéressante pour diverses raisons : D’un point de vue sociétal, elle touche à la langue des adolescents qui depuis quelques années attire l’attention des sociolinguistes et du grand public. D’un point de vue linguistique, le « parler jeune » est représenté dans la bande dessinée qui est une forme d’expression très prisée en France, en comparaison avec le français standard et la norme de la langue française. Les résultats trouvés dans la recherche originale sont très importants en ce qui concerne le passage de l’oral à l’écrit. La recherche s’est faite sur le plan phonique en étudiant la manière dont la prosodie et l’intonation sont interprétées à l’écrit ; sur le plan lexical en examinant les mots du corpus ; sur le plan morphologique en analysant la formation des mots du corpus ; sur le plan syntaxique où le besoin d’être bref est présent mais aussi quelle richesse apporte l’utilisation des interjections et des onomatopées dans la bande dessinée. / This thesis deals the written representation of the youth language (slang) in comic books. The representation of the language of the young people in the comic books is interesting for various reasons: from a societal point of view, it relates with the language of the teenagers which for a few years has drawn the attention of the sociolinguists and the general public. From a linguistic point of view, youth language is represented in the comic books that are a form of expression very widespread in France, in comparison with standard French and the standard of French language. The results found in original research are very important with regard to the passage of the oral examination to the writing. Research was done at the phonic level by studying the way in which the prosody and the intonation are interpreted in written at the lexical level by examining the words of the corpus; on the morphological level by analyzing the formation of the words of the corpus; at the syntactic level where the need to be brief is present but also which wealth brings the use of the interjections and the onomatopoeias in the comic book.

Este trabalho objetivou verificar se a Metodologia Entre Jovens contribuiu para a construÃÃo de uma aprendizagem significativa em MatemÃtica, e como a SequÃncia Fedathi poderia colaborar na melhoria das estratÃgias didÃticas utilizadas pelos tutores-professores da escola selecionados para desenvolver o programa. A metodologia Entre Jovens à promovida pelo Programa Jovem de Futuro, desenvolvido por meio de uma parceria entre o Instituto Unibanco e a Secretaria de EducaÃÃo do Estado do CearÃ. Os sujeitos da pesquisa foram os alunos e os tutores das 2 sÃries da Escola Estadual de Ensino MÃdio Padre Saraiva LeÃo, localizada no municÃpio de RedenÃÃo, no estado do CearÃ. Para o desenvolvimento desta pesquisa, dividiu-se o processo analÃtico em cinco etapas. No momento inicial, realizou-se uma entrevista com os tutores e os alunos assistidos pela metodologia Entre Jovens; em seguida, houve um perÃodo de observaÃÃo das aulas ministradas pelos tutores; posteriormente, buscou-se promover uma oficina com os tutores aplicadores da metodologia Entre Jovens na referida escola; em outro momento, depois de vivenciar a nova proposta em suas aulas, os tutores foram novamente ouvidos, com o objetivo de verificar como foi a receptividade dos alunos à SequÃncia Fedathi; assim Ãltima etapa da anÃlise ocorreu trÃs meses apÃs o inÃcio da oficina, realizando-se um estudo comparativo, baseado na anÃlise documental dos simulados aplicados antes e depois da oficina e dos resultados obtidos pelos alunos participantes da metodologia Entre Jovens, nas avaliaÃÃes do SPAECE dos anos de 2013 e 2014, a fim de analisar se houve ou nÃo progressÃo no nÃmero de acertos e no grau de proficiÃncia dos alunos envolvidos no projeto. A partir dos dados obtidos, concluiu-se que a utilizaÃÃo da proposta teÃrico-metodolÃgica SequÃncia Fedathi durante as aulas do Entre Jovens promoveu maior interaÃÃo aluno-aluno e aluno-tutor, de forma que, essa maior interaÃÃo permitiu a ampliaÃÃo de discussÃes e questionamentos, o que, por sua vez, implicou em um processo mais conciso de aquisiÃÃo do conhecimento. As avaliaÃÃes internas mostraram, em seus resultados quantitativos, que, apÃs a utilizaÃÃo da metodologia Entre Jovens, houve aumento no nÃmero de acertos em relaÃÃo aos anos anteriores, quando o programa ainda nÃo havia sido implantado. O produto das avaliaÃÃes externas tambÃm indicou a melhoria dos resultados obtidos pelos alunos assistidos pelo Programa Jovem de Futuro.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2018-03-26T12:28:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Vilma Santana dos Santos.pdf: 14675369 bytes, checksum: 9aad0029c3f29afab829421f119ac5ea (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-26T12:28:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Vilma Santana dos Santos.pdf: 14675369 bytes, checksum: 9aad0029c3f29afab829421f119ac5ea (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-22 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This study presents a research about the policy of the teachers’ training in the education of Young People and Adults (EJA) offered by the latu senso post-graduation course in the level of specialization in Professional Education Integrated to the Elementary one for Young People and Adults – specialization in Proeja, which took place in the network of schools of the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology. implemented by the Decree nº 5.840/2006. This is a pioneering policy in this educational field, developed by the Ministry of Education and Culture (MEC) through the Secretary of Professional Education and Technology (SETEC) in 2006.to consolidate actions of the National Integration Program for Young People and Adults (Proeja) instituted in 2005 by the Federal Government. The research examined the connection of the Specialization Course in Proeja with the professional practices of the teachers-students, egresses from the course, from their own perspective in relation to the challenging situations these professionals of EJA are used to facing in their daily life. To do that, the Specialization course in Proeja (CEP), at the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology in São Paulo – Campus São Paulo, was analyzed through a) documental mapping; b) questionnaire, applied to 20 (twenty) teachers-students graduated from 2007 to 2015 in CEP, that aimed at collecting data of the teachers- students of this course about the received education and its relation with their professional performance after the conclusion of the course; and (c) interview with the former coordinator of CEP at IFSPSP. The data collected were organized in summary tables of information and charts. The research had as basic support: (a) available bibliographic sources from scholars such as Arroyo, Andrade, Cury, Di Pierro, Haddad, Soares and Ribeiro; (b) authors related to the ongoing teachers’ education such as Canário, Barroso, Contreras, Giovanni, Malglaive, Marin and Nóvoa and (c) EJA and Proeja inherent documental sources: laws, decrees, decrees law, reports, administrative rules and resolutions. According to the protagonists of this study, the obtained findings confirm the existence of a connection between the theory delivered in CEP of IFSP-SP and the daily school practice of these teachers-students. The CEP at IFSP-SP enabled an unprecedented training model of EJA teachers in the city of São Paulo which in general and in different ways dignified EJA in the work places of the teachers – students. Besides that, the professional identity and the autonomy of the teachers-students, required to the development of their academic background, were mobilized / Este estudo apresenta pesquisa sobre a política de formação de professores da Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA), oferecida por meio do Curso de Pós Graduação Lato Sensu em nível de Especialização em Educação Profissional Integrada à Educação Básica na Modalidade de Educação de Jovens e Adultos – Especialização em Proeja, levado a efeito na rede de escolas do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciências e Tecnologia e implementado pelo Decreto nº 5.840/2006. Trata-se de política pioneira neste campo educativo, desenvolvida pelo Ministério da Educação (MEC), por meio da Secretaria de Educação Profissional e Tecnologia (SETEC), no ano de 2006, para consolidar ações do Programa Nacional de Integração da Educação Profissional com a Educação Básica na Modalidade de Jovens e Adultos (Proeja), instituído no ano de 2005, pelo Governo Federal. A pesquisa analisou a articulação do Curso de Especialização em Proeja com as práticas profissionais dos professores-alunos egressos dele, sob o olhar dos próprios egressos, face às situações desafiadoras, com as quais os profissionais da EJA costumam confrontar-se no seu cotidiano escolar. Para tanto, analisou-se o Curso de Especialização em Proeja (CEP), vigente no Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de São Paulo – Campus São Paulo (IFSP-SP), mediante: (a) levantamento documental; (b) questionário aplicado a 20 (vinte) professores-alunos egressos, formados entre os anos de 2007 a 2015 no CEP, visando obter dados sobre os próprios professores-alunos egressos, sobre a formação recebida e sua relação com a atuação profissional, posterior à conclusão do Curso; e (c) entrevista com o ex-coordenador do CEP no IFSP-SP. Os dados coletados foram organizados em quadros-síntese de informações e tabelas. Tomaram-se como apoios básicos para a pesquisa: (a) fontes bibliográficas disponíveis de estudiosos da EJA, como: Arroyo, Andrade, Cury, Di Pierro, Haddad, Soares e Ribeiro; (b) autores voltados para formação continuada de professores, como: Canário, Barroso, Contreras, Giovanni, Malglaive, Marin e Nóvoa e (c) fontes documentais inerentes à EJA e ao Proeja: leis, decretos, decretos lei, pareceres, portarias e resoluções. Os resultados obtidos confirmam, de acordo com os protagonistas deste trabalho de pesquisa, a existência de articulação entre a teoria ministrada no CEP do IFSP-SP e a prática desses professores-alunos no cotidiano escolar. O CEP no IFSP-SP viabilizou um modelo de formação de professores da EJA inédito no município de São Paulo que, em geral e de diferentes modos, dignificou a EJA dentro dos locais de trabalho dos professores-alunos. Além disso, foram mobilizadas a identidade e autonomia profissionais nos professores-alunos necessárias ao avanço de sua formação acadêmica

La présente thèse propose une analyse et une systématisation de l’utilisation des réseaux sociaux en période électorale tant au niveau national que local. Ainsi seront étudiées les techniques numériques utilisées, les formes et les méthodes de communication politique « en ligne » au cours des campagnes présidentielles de 2012 en France et en Russie et les campagnes municipales à Bordeaux et à Moscou en 2014 et 2013. Seront donc comparés les ressorts utilisés dans deux pays différents et qui ont permis de transformer les grands réseaux sociaux tels que Facebook, Twitter, Instagram et VKontakte en outils de rassemblement politique attirant de nombreux jeunes à participer activement au processus de campagne.Des entretiens réalisés avec des responsables des mouvements politiques français de Gironde tels ceux des Jeunes socialistes, des Jeunes Populaires et ceux du Front National, il ressort que l’activité numérique en France relève d’un caractère constructif. Ils servent à attirer et mobiliser la jeunesse de moins de 30 ans autours des candidats et de leurs partis grâce à un support en ligne mais s’accompagnent d’un militantisme de terrain, dans la vie réelle.En revanche, il apparaît qu’en Russie, le niveau élevé et l’influence de ces jeunes sur Internet fournit un soutien pour les nouvelles institutions de la société civile. Le succès de la mobilisation des jeunes appartenant à la classe moyenne urbaine relève d’une combinaison de « citoyenneté » et de « massification » de la protestation sur le réseau.En 2013, la volonté et mobilisation active des jeunes dans le projet politique à permis l’émergence de l’opposant Alekseï Navalny, qui a réuni 27% des suffrages et atteint la seconde place aux élections municipales de Moscou. La quasi intégralité de sa campagne a été effectuée sur les réseaux sociaux. Si le fait est courant pour nombre de ses homologues occidentaux, il convient de relever que ce n’est pas habituel pour les politiciens russes. Cette campagne « révolutionnaire » d’A. Navalny a été rendue possible par le fort soutien des jeunes Moscovites qu’il a pu mobiliser sur le plus grand réseau russe : VKontakte. L’organisation de la campagne s’est presque entièrement fondée sur l’utilisation des réseaux sociaux, tant pour la distribution de tracts dans les rues, que la sensibilisation et les collectes de dons. / This thesis will focus on the analysis and systematization of the use of social networks in the presidential campaigns, both in France and in Russia in 2012, as well as in the municipal campaigns in Bordeaux and Moscow, in 2014 and 2013 respectively. The development of this thesis will also include the basic use of technologies, as well as the forms and methods of political online communication at the actual stage of their development.In this thesis, the examination of the political mechanisms used in France and Russia will be carried out in order to assess how social networks such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and VKontakte have developed into a powerful tool, with their main aim being to attract more and more young people to actively participate in the election campaigns as well as the voting process in general.Through the conduction of interviews with the chiefs of French Youth Movements, such as the Young Socialists (Gironde), the People’s Young (Gironde), and the Young of National Front (Gironde), we have found that these movements tend to have an overall peaceful nature in France. They aim to attract and mobilize young people (of up to 30 years old) to provide support both online and in the real world, for candidates of the major French political parties, namely the UMP, the Socialist Party and the National Front.In comparison, in Russia, the high level presence and influence of Youth Movements on the Internet provides support for new institutions forming in civil society. The success of the youth mobilization from the urban middle class can be explained by the combination of “civic consciousness” and “massive involvement”.In 2013, young Russians mobilized for active participation in the political life of Alexei Navalny, one of the leaders of the Russian opposition, who managed to obtain 27% of the votes in the municipal elections of Moscow, the equivalent to second place. His «revolutionary” electoral campaign was predominantly transmitted through social networks, notably through the use of VKontakte (the largest social network in Russia), in order to gain a large amount of support from young Moscovites. This action is deemed to be very uncommon among Russian politicians, and is more likely to be seen among Western homologues. Consequently, this led to the distribution of leaflets in the streets, in the subway, going door-to-door, as well as organizing the collection of donations for the campaign across networks.

<p>Предмет истраживања дисертације је друштвена група младих из руралних заједница, односно, анализа особености живота младих у селу и проблема са којима се сусрећу као чиниоцима њихове социјалне изопштености. Предмет истраживања проучаван је у контексту глобалних модернизацијских друштвених процеса и односа, уз уважавање локалних специфичности.&nbsp;<br />Основни циљ истраживања је утврђивање друштвеног положаја младих у локалној сеоској заједници, али и глобалном друштву чија је та заједница део, стицање увида у (не)постојање свести младих у селу о сопственом друштвеном положају, проблемима са којима се сусрећу као и могућностима за самоорганизовање и активирање у локалној сеоској заједници. Специфични циљ истраживања је идентификација индикатора и објашњење условљености социјалне изопштености младих у руралним заједницама и објашњење њихове међусобне повезаности. Тиме се анализира социјална изопштеност која представља један од узрока, али и одраз друштвеног положаја младих у руралним заједницама. Под социјалном изопштеношћу подразумева се неједнак приступ институцијама и услугама и/или онемогућеност остварења социјалне партиципације у групи или заједници и остварења грађанских права.<br />У дисертацији се полази од неколико основних претпоставки. Полазна претпоставка је да млади у руралним заједницама имају ограничене шансе за остварење бројних животних потреба у свом окружењу што их ставља у неповољнију позицију у односу на младе из градских средина. Истовремено је то један од основних разлога због којих млади људи напуштају сеоску заједницу у којој су одрастали (немају услова да у свом окружењу адекватно задовоље животне потребе као што су образовање, здравствене услуге, комуналне услуге, приступ тржишту рада и могућност избора радног места, културне потребе и др.). Дакле, претпоставка је да је социјална изопштеност младих у селу резиденцијално условљена као и да утиче на њихове миграционе тенденције.</p><p>Истраживање друштвеног положаја младих у руралним заједницама и димензија њихове социјалне изопштености обухвата теоријски и емпиријски део. Основу емпиријског дела истраживања чини полустандардизовани интервју са младима из руралних заједница на узорку од 500 испитаника, старости 18-29 година из 10 сеоских насеља на подручју АП Војводине.<br />Анализа резултата добијених емпиријским истраживањем, показује да на ризик од социјалне изопштености младих у руралним подручјима највише утичу образовање, незапосленост, породични ресурси, материјална депривација, незадовољство и ниска социјална партиципација.<br />Потврђено је да образовне структуре утичу на репродукцију неједнакости и акумулацију културног капитала. Материјални положај породице испитаника показао се статистички значајним за доношење одлуке о образовању, односно потврђено је да образовне структуре младих зависе од социоекономског капитала породице, односно, да нижи материјални статус носи веће предиспозиције за социјалну изопштеност као и значај културног капитала родитеља на одлуке младих везане за образовање.<br />Резултати истраживања показују да испитаници као највећи проблем младих људи на селу перципирају немогућност запослења, на другом месту проблем неусловности за реализацију друштвеног живота, а на трећем, проблем безвољности, неамбициозности и незаинтересованости младих. Незапослени из узорком обухваћених села имају повећан ризик од социјалног искључивања с обзиром на то да су у највећем броју случајева незапослени дуже од две године. При том изражавају спремност на миграције према урбаним средиштима. У њиховим локалним заједницама смета им малограђанштина, примитивизам и менталитет људи. Већина младих који су учествовали у истраживању сматрају да је положај младих у селу лошији од друштвеног положаја који имају млади у граду. Сматрају да млади у руралним заједницама имају мање могућности у свакодневном животу, мање могућности за запослење и лошије услове за реализацију друштвеног живота. У највећем броју случајева нису задовољни тиме како друштво решава проблеме младих људи на селу. Међутим, ма колико били незадовољни тренутним стањем и решавањем питања младих у друштву, испитаници нису показали велику спремност за социјални активизам и партиципацију у решавању проблема. Показало се да су испитаници са вишим степеном образовања спремнији на друштвени ангажман. Сматрају да би боља могућност запослења, као и стимулисање пољопривреде и обезбеђивање бољих услова живота у сеоским заједницама, утицало на смањење одласка младих из села у градове.<br />У анализи резултата истраживања у свим кључним показатељима социјалне изопштености утврђене су статистички значајне и јаке везе са сеоским насељима из којих испитаници потичу, чиме је потврђена резиденцијална условљеност социјалне изопштености. Притом се показало да је економска развијеност општине којој сеоско насеље припада&nbsp; и његов територијални положај значајнији него величина насеља.</p> / <p>Predmet istraživanja disertacije je društvena grupa mladih iz ruralnih zajednica, odnosno, analiza osobenosti života mladih u selu i problema sa kojima se susreću kao činiocima njihove socijalne izopštenosti. Predmet istraživanja proučavan je u kontekstu globalnih modernizacijskih društvenih procesa i odnosa, uz uvažavanje lokalnih specifičnosti.&nbsp;<br />Osnovni cilj istraživanja je utvrđivanje društvenog položaja mladih u lokalnoj seoskoj zajednici, ali i globalnom društvu čija je ta zajednica deo, sticanje uvida u (ne)postojanje svesti mladih u selu o sopstvenom društvenom položaju, problemima sa kojima se susreću kao i mogućnostima za samoorganizovanje i aktiviranje u lokalnoj seoskoj zajednici. Specifični cilj istraživanja je identifikacija indikatora i objašnjenje uslovljenosti socijalne izopštenosti mladih u ruralnim zajednicama i objašnjenje njihove međusobne povezanosti. Time se analizira socijalna izopštenost koja predstavlja jedan od uzroka, ali i odraz društvenog položaja mladih u ruralnim zajednicama. Pod socijalnom izopštenošću podrazumeva se nejednak pristup institucijama i uslugama i/ili onemogućenost ostvarenja socijalne participacije u grupi ili zajednici i ostvarenja građanskih prava.<br />U disertaciji se polazi od nekoliko osnovnih pretpostavki. Polazna pretpostavka je da mladi u ruralnim zajednicama imaju ograničene šanse za ostvarenje brojnih životnih potreba u svom okruženju što ih stavlja u nepovoljniju poziciju u odnosu na mlade iz gradskih sredina. Istovremeno je to jedan od osnovnih razloga zbog kojih mladi ljudi napuštaju seosku zajednicu u kojoj su odrastali (nemaju uslova da u svom okruženju adekvatno zadovolje životne potrebe kao što su obrazovanje, zdravstvene usluge, komunalne usluge, pristup tržištu rada i mogućnost izbora radnog mesta, kulturne potrebe i dr.). Dakle, pretpostavka je da je socijalna izopštenost mladih u selu rezidencijalno uslovljena kao i da utiče na njihove migracione tendencije.</p><p>Istraživanje društvenog položaja mladih u ruralnim zajednicama i dimenzija njihove socijalne izopštenosti obuhvata teorijski i empirijski deo. Osnovu empirijskog dela istraživanja čini polustandardizovani intervju sa mladima iz ruralnih zajednica na uzorku od 500 ispitanika, starosti 18-29 godina iz 10 seoskih naselja na području AP Vojvodine.<br />Analiza rezultata dobijenih empirijskim istraživanjem, pokazuje da na rizik od socijalne izopštenosti mladih u ruralnim područjima najviše utiču obrazovanje, nezaposlenost, porodični resursi, materijalna deprivacija, nezadovoljstvo i niska socijalna participacija.<br />Potvrđeno je da obrazovne strukture utiču na reprodukciju nejednakosti i akumulaciju kulturnog kapitala. Materijalni položaj porodice ispitanika pokazao se statistički značajnim za donošenje odluke o obrazovanju, odnosno potvrđeno je da obrazovne strukture mladih zavise od socioekonomskog kapitala porodice, odnosno, da niži materijalni status nosi veće predispozicije za socijalnu izopštenost kao i značaj kulturnog kapitala roditelja na odluke mladih vezane za obrazovanje.<br />Rezultati istraživanja pokazuju da ispitanici kao najveći problem mladih ljudi na selu percipiraju nemogućnost zaposlenja, na drugom mestu problem neuslovnosti za realizaciju društvenog života, a na trećem, problem bezvoljnosti, neambicioznosti i nezainteresovanosti mladih. Nezaposleni iz uzorkom obuhvaćenih sela imaju povećan rizik od socijalnog isključivanja s obzirom na to da su u najvećem broju slučajeva nezaposleni duže od dve godine. Pri tom izražavaju spremnost na migracije prema urbanim središtima. U njihovim lokalnim zajednicama smeta im malograđanština, primitivizam i mentalitet ljudi. Većina mladih koji su učestvovali u istraživanju smatraju da je položaj mladih u selu lošiji od društvenog položaja koji imaju mladi u gradu. Smatraju da mladi u ruralnim zajednicama imaju manje mogućnosti u svakodnevnom životu, manje mogućnosti za zaposlenje i lošije uslove za realizaciju društvenog života. U najvećem broju slučajeva nisu zadovoljni time kako društvo rešava probleme mladih ljudi na selu. Međutim, ma koliko bili nezadovoljni trenutnim stanjem i rešavanjem pitanja mladih u društvu, ispitanici nisu pokazali veliku spremnost za socijalni aktivizam i participaciju u rešavanju problema. Pokazalo se da su ispitanici sa višim stepenom obrazovanja spremniji na društveni angažman. Smatraju da bi bolja mogućnost zaposlenja, kao i stimulisanje poljoprivrede i obezbeđivanje boljih uslova života u seoskim zajednicama, uticalo na smanjenje odlaska mladih iz sela u gradove.<br />U analizi rezultata istraživanja u svim ključnim pokazateljima socijalne izopštenosti utvrđene su statistički značajne i jake veze sa seoskim naseljima iz kojih ispitanici potiču, čime je potvrđena rezidencijalna uslovljenost socijalne izopštenosti. Pritom se pokazalo da je ekonomska razvijenost opštine kojoj seosko naselje pripada&nbsp; i njegov teritorijalni položaj značajniji nego veličina naselja.</p> / <p>The subject of the research in this thesis is a social group of young people from rural communities. More specifically, this is an analysis of the characteristics of the lives of rural youth and problems they encounter as factors of their social exclusion. The subject of the research was studied in the context of global modernization social processes and relationships, while respecting local specificities.<br />The main goal of the research was to determine the social position of young people in their local rural community, but also in the global society which this community belongs to, to gain insight into whether or not the youth is aware of their own social position, the problems they encounter and the possibilities for self-organization and activation in the local village community. The specific goal of the research was to determine the indicators and the explanation what social exclusion of rural youth depends on and to explain how these are interconnected. In this way, the thesis analyzes social exclusion, as one of the causes, but also one of the reflections of the social position of young people in rural communities. Social exclusion means that people have unequal access to institutions and services and/or are unable to socially participate in a group or community and enjoy civil rights.<br />The thesis starts from several basic assumptions. The starting assumption is that young people in rural communities have limited opportunities for meeting a number of their needs, which places them in a less favorable situation compared to young people in urban areas. At the same time, this is one of the main reasons why young people leave rural communities in which they grew up (they have no conditions to adequately meet their needs such as education, health services, utility services, access to the labor market and the possibility of choosing a job, cultural needs, etc.). Therefore, the presumption is that social exclusion of young people in villages depends on their place of residence, which also affects their migration tendencies.</p><p>Studying of the social position of young people in rural communities and the dimensions of their social exclusion includes both the theoretical and empirical aspects. The basis of the empirical part of the research is a semi-standardized interview with young people from rural communities on a sample of 500 respondents, aged 18-29, from 10 villages on the territory of AP Vojvodina.<br />The analysis of the results obtained by the empirical research shows that the risk of social exclusion among rural youth is mostly affected by education, unemployment, family resources, material deprivation, dissatisfaction and low social participation.<br />It was confirmed that educational structures affect the reproduction of inequalities and accumulation of cultural capital. The material status of a respondent&#39;s family proved to be statistically significant for making decisions about education, i.e. it was confirmed that the educational structures of young people depend on their family&rsquo;s socioeconomic capital. In other words, lower material status implies higher predisposition for social exclusion, while their parents&rsquo; cultural capital is important for making decisions related to education.<br />The results of the research show that, according to the respondents, the main problem of rural youth is that they cannot find a job. It is followed by the problem that young people lack the conditions to enjoy good social lives, while the third problem is young people&rsquo;s dejection, lack of ambition and lack of interests. The unemployed young people from the studied villages have an increased risk of social exclusion, since in most cases they have been unemployed for more than two years. At the same time, they express readiness to migrate to urban centers. They are bothered by provinciality, primitivism and mentality of the people in their local communities. Most of the young people who participated in the research believe that the position of young people in villages is worse than the social position of young people in the cities. They are of the opinion that young people in rural communities have fewer opportunities in their everyday lives, fewer employment opportunities and worse conditions to enjoy good social life. In most cases, they are not satisfied with how society deals with the problems of young people in the villages. However, regardless of their dissatisfaction with the current situation and with the ways of dealing with these problems, the respondents did not show great readiness for social activism and participation in problem solving. It was found that the respondents with a higher level of education are more willing to engage in social activities. They think that providing better job opportunities, stimulating agriculture and providing better living conditions in rural communities would lead to a decrease in the outflow of young people from rural to urban areas.<br />The analysis of the research results showed that in all key indicators of social exclusion there were statistically significant and strong links with rural settlements from which the respondents come from, which confirmed that social exclusion depends on the place of residence. It also proved that the economic development of the municipality which the village belongs to and its territorial position is more important than the size of the settlement.</p>

Sexuality is one of the most fundamental values of life as it affects our behaviors, thoughts and emotions. Young people are an especially essential group for promoting sexual health as it is during adolescents the base for our sexuality is created. The aim of this study was to examine Chinese male and female medical university student’s knowledge and ideas of sexual behavior at Chongqing Medical University in Chongqing, China. An explorative quantitative survey study was conducted at place in Chongqing. The survey study’s result showed that ideas of sexual behavior were seem to be permissive and love-based, and also bi- and homosexuality to be mainly acceptable. The Internet, books and friends were seemed as important sources for knowledge whereas few believed to have received adequate knowledge from school. It was also seemed to be a major lack of knowledge regarding STD’s and how to protect yourself as “safe periods” was believed to be an important contraceptive method. The relationship between contraception and the protection against STD seems to be obscure. / 性行为是生活中最基本最重要的要素之一，它影响着我们的行为，思想及情感。年轻人是一个特别有必要促进健康性行为的群体。这项研究的目的是为了检测中国的重庆医科大学的男性，女性大学生对于性行为相关知识的认识及看法。于是在重庆进行了这项探索性的定量的调查研究。这项调查研究的结果表明被调查群体的性行为看似是以爱和自由为基础的，当然双性恋及同性恋也是被广泛接受的。性相关知识的大多数来源于网络，书籍以及朋友，而不是来自于学校。被调查的样本中大多数样本提示他们缺少对性病的认识，以及认识到在安全期保护自己是一项非常重要的避孕手段。所以他们对避孕以及保护自己远离性病之间的关系看起来是比较模糊的。 / Sexualitet utgör en av de mest grundläggande värden i livet då de påverkar såväl våra beteenden, tankar som känslor. Unga utgör en viktig grupp för främjande av sexuell hälsa då det är under denna tid grunden för vår sexualitet skapas. Studiens syftade till att undersöka manliga och kvinnliga kinesiska medicinstudenters kunskap och idéer om sexuellt beteende vid Chongqing Medical University i Chongqing, Kina. En explorativ enkätstudie genomfördes på plats i Chongqing. Studien visade på att idéer om sexuellt beteende verkar vara tillåtande och kärleksbaserande, med en övervägande acceptans för bi- och homosexualitet. Internet, böcker och vänner verkade utgöra viktiga källor till kunskap gällande sex samt preventivmetoder då få ansåg sig ha fått tillräcklig kunskap från skolan. Det verkade även finnas en stor brist gällande STD kunskap och hur man skyddar sig då ”safe periods” ansågs vara en viktig preventivmetod. Relationen mellan preventivmedel och skydd mot STD’s verkar vara otydlig.

This research examines problematic and taken for granted issues in Scottish Secondary Education, from a critical community psychological perspective. Young people are positioned as central to the research, in particular young people experiencing exclusion being the most disempowered group in education, and to fully understand problems they experience the thesis develops a standpoint with young people. Methodologically the research is grounded in a particular approach to praxis. Critical reflection, action and knowledge construction all influence one another cyclically in complex relationships, at times conflicting and at others developing together dialogically and these relationships are embraced and reflected upon carefully. Power and knowledge are viewed as being inextricably linked and knowledge, what is legitimated within a certain frame of reference as ‘truth’ or ‘reality’, is viewed as being constructed by dominant groups with the power to do so. Ethnography was carried out in three educational settings: a mainstream High School; a Special School in a city centre catering for young people experiencing exclusion; and a Youth Project where permanently excluded young people were on an alternative curriculum. Qualitative methods were used in a varied and tailored way for each setting and group of people and included Participatory Action Research and group work with young people, interview and group work with teachers, active participation in settings leading to fieldwork notes, and collection of textual information. Analysis involved careful examination of a wide variety of material, drawing on various methods of discourse analysis. The research material was analysed for the ways in which education made possible and placed limits on legislation, social practices, ways of speaking and ways of being. The assumption that adults must be in control of young people in education was found to be absolute and pervasive, stemming from societal ideas of young people, but also perpetuating them. This emerged throughout my research, from practices in mainstream school to ways of speaking available to adults and young people. Inclusion, while often spoken of in relation to equality and social justice, in practice is often conditional, and is re-positioned in this thesis as a form of control. School exclusion is often described in education as being expelled or suspended, but is repositioned in this research more generally as being excluded from learning and peers, and is argued as inherently problematic. Problematic, institutional, educational discourse is constructed as often placing limits on ways of speaking, such that critical reflection and action within secondary education becomes very difficult for adults and young people. Ways of speaking available to young people are examined and demonstrate that while education imposes particular ways of speaking and being, young people find opportunities to resist and reconstruct. Ways of being are examined, between adults and young people in educational settings, and an account of performance of resistance and compliance between young people and adults is developed. This research draws on a complex and multi disciplinary use of theory, literature, methodology and methods, and in doing so constructs an account of young people’s experiences in education that is based on a standpoint with young people. By grounding the research in the interests of young people, particularly those experiencing school exclusion, it challenges assumptions of dominance and control that have implications for education as a whole and all those operating within.

This study examines the link between the individual and social network, what social forces and social mechanisms involved in the interaction between individuals and groups and how we can explain and consider this relationship with the aim of understanding this connection. Through qualitative interviews, based on interviews of six active members in the organization Young KRIS (Young Criminal’s Return in the Society) examines the active social processes that the young members undergo, and motivates those who have been outside the expected conformed and regular society, to be included in the regular community and how this can be explained. The study shows that the organization through high availability, openness, knowledge of the needs of young people, good treatment, range of meaningful activities, has created a great venue for the young to develop and thus regain their place in the society. / Denna studie undersöker kopplingen mellan individ och sociala nätverk, det vill säga vilka sociala krafter och sociala mekanismer är verksamma i mötet mellan individen och gruppen, och hur man kan förklara och se på denna relation med målet att förstå denna koppling. Genom den kvalitativa metoden, baserad på intervjuer av sex medlemmar inom organisationen Unga KRIS, undersöker vi de verksamma sociala processer unga medlemmar genomgår och som motiverar dem som har befunnit sig utanför det förväntade, konforma och reguljära samhället, att komma att inkluderas i det reguljära samhället och hur detta kan förklaras. Studien visar att organisationen genom hög tillgänglighet, öppenhet, kunskap om ungdomarnas behov, gott bemötande och utbud av meningsfulla aktiviteter, har skapat en trygg arena för att unga medlemmarna ska kunna utvecklas och därmed återfinna sin plats i samhället.