Syftet med studien var att undersöka om det gick att finna skillnader i förekomst av personlighetsdrag från den mörka triaden, det vill säga, machiavellism, narcissism och psykopati mellan studenter inom olika utbildningar på högskole- och universitetsnivå i Sverige. Tidigare forskning visar att studenter på utbildningar inom olika ämnen tenderar att uppvisa drag från mörka triaden i olika hög utsträckning. Data till studien samlades in genom att en enkät med självskattningstest Short Dark Triad (SD3) översatt till svenska skickades ut till totalt 22 olika ämnen och utbildningar vid 33 av Sveriges lärosäten. Totalt hade studien 1055 deltagare fördelat på 709 kvinnor och 346 män. Studiens resultat visade flertalet signifikanta skillnader gällande alla de tre personlighetsdragen mellan utbildningarna. Resultaten stämde i stora delar överens med tidigare forskning. Ett resultat som dock gick emot tidigare forskning var att ekonomistudenter inte fick högre poäng på machiavellism jämfört med studenter som läser juridik eller statsvetenskap. / The purpose of this study was to examine whether differences were found in occurrence of three personality traits from the Dark Triad, Machiavellianism, narcissism and psychopathy, in regard to students within different educations in universities and colleges in Sweden. Previous research and findings have shown that students with different educations tend to show traits from the Dark Triad of varying degrees. Data to the study was collected through a self-assessment survey named Short Dark Triad (SD3). The survey was translated to Swedish, then sent to 22 different educations at 33 Swedish universities and colleges. 1055 participants were gathered in the study with a distribution of 709 women and 346 men. The results were mostly supported by previous research, however a few results were not supported by previous research. For example, economy students did not get higher scores on Machiavellianism when compared to students at law and political science.

Background:  Over the years, traditional entrepreneurs started businesses due to either pull or push factors within their environments. Research has been carried out in profiling different types of entrepreneurs and their characteristics. The social media influencers are new forms of entrepreneurs who recently appeared due to changes in the technological environments. The existence of social media platforms has enhanced the possibility of entrepreneurial activities online. The platforms are available for everyone, but some have more entrepreneurial orientation or characteristics than others.  Purpose: The aim of this research is to measure the entrepreneurial orientation and the characteristics of social media users, compare social media influencers with other social media users, to determine if differences exist. Methods:       This research uses the Individual Entrepreneurial Orientation scale (Bolton & Lane, 2012) and the Individual Personality Traits measuring scale (Al Mamun, Bin Yusoff, & Ibrahim, 2018). This is a deductive study, testing the above-mentioned theories on social media users, and a quantitative study aided using data collected from online survey. Conclusion:   The results of this study show that Social Media Influencer have higher entrepreneurial traits than non-Social Media Influencers.  The result also supports the three-factor structure and satisfactory reliability of the IEO scales and subscales. Subsequently, I found out that non-SMIs do create online contents and carry out entrepreneurial activities online too.

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Denna kvantitativa studie har syfte att undersöka sambandet mellan individers upplevda arbetsmotivation och dess personlighetsdrag. Ökad kunskap inom området har visat sig möjliggöra förbättringar inom personalarbete, däribland ledning och rekrytering. Studiens syfte mynnade ut i tre hypoteser, varav en berörde samband mellan extern arbetsmotivation och personlighetsdraget neuroticism och en intern arbetsmotivation och personlighetsdragen extraversion, samvetsgrannhet och öppenhet. Den tredje hypotesen undersökte åldersskillnader i motivationsfaktorer vid arbete – där ett antagande fanns att skattning korrelerande med intern arbetsmotivation skulle ses bland deltagare med högre ålder. En kvantitativ enkätundersökning användes som metod i vilken två sedan innan validerade mätinstrument utgjorde den huvudsakliga delen av undersökningen. Multidimensional Work Motivation Scale (MWMS) användes för att undersöka upplevd arbetsmotivation och Ten Item Personality Inventory (TIPI) för att undersöka personlighetsdrag bland deltagarna. Resultatet analyserades med Spearman’s korrelationsanalys varpå ett antal korrelationer kunde ses. Studiens resultat kunde bekräfta två av hypoteserna – där ett samband dels kunde ses mellan intern arbetsmotivation och personlighetsdragen extraversion tillika öppenhet. Ett samband kunde även ses mellan ålderskategorierna och arbetsmotivationsfaktorerna, vilket visade på att deltagare med högre ålder i större utsträckning motiverades av interna arbetsmotivationsfaktorer i jämförelse med externa arbetsmotivationsfaktorer tillika amotivation. Sammanfattningsvis kunde studiens resultat visa på upplevd arbetsmotivation och dess korrelation med personlighetsdrag tillika ålder. / This quantitative study aims to investigate the correlation between individuals' perceived work motivation and its personality traits. Increased knowledge in this field has been shown to enable improvements in personnel work, including management and recruitment. The purpose of the study led to three hypotheses, one of which concerned the relationship between external work motivation and the personality trait neuroticism and one of which concerned internal work motivation and the personality traits extraversion, conscientiousness and openness. The third hypothesis examined age differences in motivational factors at work – where an assumption was made that internal work motivation would be seen among participants with older age. A quantitative questionnaire survey was used as the method in which two previously validated measuring instruments formed the main part of the survey. The Multidimensional Work Motivation Scale (MWMS) was used to examine perceived work motivation and the Ten Item Personality Inventory (TIPI) to examine personality traits among participants. The result was analyzed with Spearman's correlation analysis, whereupon a number of correlations could be seen. The results of the study were able to confirm two of the hypotheses – where a correlation could be seen between internal work motivation and the personality traits extraversion as well as openness. A correlation could also be seen between the age categories and the work motivation factors, which showed that participants with older age were motivated to a greater extent by internal work motivation in comparison to external work motivation as well as amotivation. In summary, the results of the study could show perceived work motivation and its correlation with personality traits as well as age.

Titel: Normal narcissism och personlighetsegenskapers inflytande i yrket som fastighetsmäklare – En fingervisning av de mest fördelaktiga egenskaperna hos svenska fastighetsmäklare  Nivå: Examensarbete på Grundnivå (kandidatexamen) i ämnet företagsekonomi Författare: Henric Mattsson och Louise PedersenHandledare: Dr. Jonas KågströmDatum: 2021 – Juni  Syfte: Många fastighetsmäklare väljer att sluta inom yrket de första åren, vilket bidrar till en stor kostnad för företagen. Normal narcissism har tidigare studerats som oberoende variabel till ett flertal organisatoriska faktorer, men få studier finns angående dess påverkan på motivation. Vidare används ofta personlighetsegenskaper för att förklara psykologiska faktorer inom organisationer. Syftet med denna C-uppsats är därför att mäta hur normala narcissistiska drag respektive personlighetsegenskaper påverkar motivation, prestation och avsikten att lämna arbetsplatsen hos svenska fastighetsmäklare.  Metod: Ett deduktivt tillvägagångssätt har applicerats på studien, där enkätundersökning är den valda datainsamlingsmetoden. Dataanalysen utfördes i statistikprogrammet “JASP”, där primärt bivariata korrelationsanalyser utförts. Populationen i studien är fastighetsmäklare inom Stockholms kommun.  Resultat och slutsats: Data samlades in från 204 respondenter. Resultatet visar starka relationer mellan normal narcissism och alla typer av motivation. Big Five- egenskaperna å andra sidan kan endast förklara inre motivation. Inga samband återfinns till vare sig prestation eller avsikten att lämna arbetsplatsen. En viktig slutsats i studien är att normal narcissism är fördelaktigt i yrket som fastighetsmäklare.  Examensarbetets bidrag: Teoretiskt bidrar studien till att normal narcissism har en stark inverkan på inre- och yttre motivation hos svenska fastighetsmäklare. Praktiskt bidrar studien till kunskap som är användbar för främst ledare inom branschen, där det är viktigt att låta fastighetsmäklarna vara autonoma och få chans till att utvecklas inom yrket.  Förslag till vidare forskning: Eftersom personlighetsegenskaper har en låg förklaringsgrad till fastighetsmäklares motivation, prestation och avsikten att lämna arbetsplatsen - bör andra oberoende variabler undersökas. Ett förslag är därför att undersöka kulturen på kontoret, och hur denna påverkar motivation.  Nyckelord: The Big Five, personlighetsegenskaper, normal narcissism, inre motivation, yttre motivation, prestation, avsikten att lämna arbetsplatsen, fastighetsmäklare / Titel: The influence of normal narcissism and personality traits in the profession as a realtor - A hint of the most beneficial characteristic of Swedish realtors Level: Student thesis, final assignment for Bachelor Degree in Business Administration Authors: Henric Mattsson and Louise PedersenSupervisor: Dr. Jonas KågströmDate: 2021 - June  Aim: Many realtors choose to quit the profession in the early years, which is a great cost to companies. Normal narcissism has previously been studied as an independent variable to several organizational factors, but few studies exist regarding its impact on motivation. Furthermore, personality traits are often used to explain psychological factors within organizations. The purpose of this thesis is therefore to measure how normal narcissistic traits and personality traits affect motivation, performance and turnover intention on Swedish realtors.  Method: A deductive approach has been applied to the study, where a survey is the chosen data collection method. The data analysis was performed in the statistical program “JASP”, where primarily bivariate correlation analyzes were performed. The population in the study is realtors in Stockholm County.  Result and conclusion: Data were collected from 204 respondents. The results show strong relationships between normal narcissism and all types of motivation. Personality traits, on the other hand, can only explain intrinsic motivation. No correlations were found to either performance or turnover intention. An important conclusion in this study is that normal narcissism is beneficial in the profession as a realtor.  Contribution of the thesis: Theoretically, the study contributes to the fact that normal narcissism has a strong impact on intrinsic- and extrinsic motivation among Swedish realtors. In practice, the study contributes to knowledge that is useful mainly for leaders in the industry, where it is important to let realtors be autonomous and have a chance to evolve in their profession.  Suggestions for future research: Since personality traits appear to be a poor predictor of the dependent variables in this study, other independent variables should be investigated. One suggestion is therefore to examine the culture in the office, and how this affects motivation.  Key words: The Big Five, personality traits, normal narcissism, intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation, performance, turnover intention, realtor

[pt] Considerando-se que traços de personalidade impactam em muitas variáveis e contextos, a presente tese teve como objetivo verificar o poder preditivo do bemestar subjetivo sobre o comportamento de compra por impulso e sobre a escolha de itens de compra, controlando-se o efeito da personalidade. Para tanto, foram realizados quatro estudos, cujos dados foram coletados por meio de questionários disponibilizados em plataforma na internet. O primeiro estudo teve o objetivo de buscar evidências de validade da escala Hedonic Shopping Motivations. Verificaram-se evidências de validade satisfatórias para o instrumento. A mensuração desse construto testou padrões correlacionais e de predição das motivações hedônicas sobre variáveis de compra, e os resultados revelaram uma rede nomológica que favorece formulações teóricas mais robustas sobre comportamento do consumidor. O segundo estudo consistiu na busca por evidências de validade da escala Short Affect Intensity Scale (SAIS-BR) para o contexto brasileiro. Esse segundo instrumento adaptado mensura a intensidade com a qual uma pessoa experimenta emoções, concentrando-se na consistência das reações afetivas que ela costuma ter diante de estímulos emocionais. O instrumento adaptado mostrou satisfatórias evidências de validade. As diferenças individuais na intensidade afetiva foram associadas a personalidade, frequência de afetos e satisfação de vida, ampliando o conhecimento a respeito de como afetos são experimentados e sobre os impactos da intensidade afetiva no cotidiano. As correlações encontradas entre fatores da SAIS-BR e dimensões do bem-estar subjetivo reforçaram a ideia de que a dimensão emocional do bem-estar subjetivo refere-se tanto à frequência de sentimentos e emoções, quanto à magnitude de suas expressões. O terceiro estudo testou o poder preditivo do bem-estar subjetivo, da intensidade afetiva e da personalidade sobre a tendência de comprar por impulso. Além de corroborar achados anteriores sobre poder preditivo de afetos negativos, os resultados também mostraram o papel dos fatores de personalidade nessa predição, gerando novas evidências empíricas sobre compras por impulso e bemestar subjetivo no Brasil. O quarto estudo verificou o poder preditivo do bem-estar subjetivo e da personalidade sobre a preferência por compras experienciais e materiais. Os resultados mostraram a ausência de poder preditivo da frequência de afetos sobre a variável desfecho, além de indicar que algumas variáveis sociodemográficas e traços de personalidade podem predizer tais preferências dos indivíduos. No geral, os achados tiram das emoções parte da carga de responsabilidade sobre comportamentos de compra, indicando impacto leve do bem-estar sobre impulsividade nas compras e sobre escolhas de tipos de produtos. Uma importância fundamental desta tese é a produção de conhecimentos aplicáveis tanto para o campo do comportamento do consumidor quanto para o campo da psicologia positiva, destacando-se a relevância da interdisciplinaridade e da pesquisa transformativa do consumidor no Brasil. / [en] Considering that personality traits impact many variables and contexts, the present thesis aimed to verify the predictive power of subjective well-being on impulse buying behavior and on the choice of purchase items, controlling for the effect of personality. To this end, four studies were carried out and data were collected through questionnaires made available on an internet platform. The first study aimed to seek evidence of validity of the Hedonic Shopping Motivations scale. There was satisfactory evidence of validity for the instrument. The measurement of this construct tested correlational and predictive patterns of hedonic motivations on purchase variables, and the results revealed a nomological network that favors more robust theoretical formulations on consumer behavior. The second study consisted of searching for evidence of validity of the Short Affect Intensity Scale (SAIS-BR) for the Brazilian context. This second adapted instrument measures the intensity with which a person experiences emotions, focusing on the consistency of the affective reactions that they usually have when faced with emotional stimuli. The adapted instrument showed satisfactory evidence of validity. Individual differences in affective intensity were associated with personality, frequency of affections and life satisfaction, increasing the knowledge about how affections are experienced and about the impacts of affective intensity on daily life. The correlations found between SAIS-BR factors and dimensions of subjective well-being reinforced the idea that the emotional dimension of subjective well-being refers to both the frequency of feelings and emotions and the magnitude of their expressions. The third study tested the predictive power of subjective well-being, affective intensity, and personality on the tendency to buy impulsively. In addition to corroborating previous findings on the predictive power of negative affects, the results also showed the role of personality factors in this prediction, generating new empirical evidence on impulse buying and subjective well-being in Brazil. The fourth study verified the predictive power of subjective well-being and personality on the preference for experiential and material purchases. The results showed an absence of predictive power of the frequency of affections on the outcome variable, in addition to indicating that some sociodemographic variables and personality traits can predict such individual preferences. Overall, the findings remove part of the burden of responsibility on purchasing behaviors from emotions, indicating a mild impact of well-being on impulsive buying and on product choices. A fundamental importance of this thesis is the production of knowledge that is applicable both to the field of consumer behavior and to the field of positive psychology, highlighting the relevance of interdisciplinarity and transformative consumer research in Brazil.

Объектом исследования является интеллект как психологическая характеристика личности. Предметом исследования особенности интеллекта представителей различных типов MBTI. Магистерская диссертация состоит из введения, двух глав, заключения, списка литературы (91 источников) и приложений, включающих в себя бланки применявшихся методик, данные по ранним исследованиям. Объем магистерской диссертации 128 страниц, на которых размещены 7 рисунков и 23 таблицы. Во введении раскрывается актуальность проблемы исследования, разработанность проблематики, ставятся цель и задачи исследования, определяются объект и предмет исследования, формулируется основная и конкретизирующие гипотезы, указываются методы и эмпирическая база. Первая глава включает в себя обзор иностранной и отечественной литературы по теме исследования: описание основных понятий и их характеристики. Подробно рассматриваются следующие психологические конструкты: интеллект, тип личности, академическая успеваемость. Выводы по первой главе представляют собой итоги по изучению теоретического материала. Вторая глава посвящена эмпирической части исследования. В ней представлено описание хода исследования и интерпретация полученных результатов. На основе полученных данных продемонстрированы разработанные модели интеллекта и успеваемости. Выводы по главе 2 включают в себя основные результаты эмпирического исследования. В заключении в обобщенном виде изложены результаты теоретической и эмпирической частей работы, а также выводы по выдвинутым гипотезам, обоснована практическая значимость исследования. Результаты исследования были апробированы на XVI Региональной научно-практической конференции «Психология: от теории к практике» и представлены 3 публикации в сборниках материалов всероссийских и международных научно-практических конференций. / The object of the study was intelligence as a psychological characteristic of personality The subject of the study was the intelligence features in different types of personality MBTI The master's thesis consists of an introduction, two chapters, conclusion, a list of literature (91 sources) and applications, including forms of applied techniques, the classifier of associative connections, early research data. The volume of the master's thesis is 128 pages, on which are placed 7 figures and 23 tables. The introduction reveals the relevance of the research problem, the development of the problem, the purpose and objectives of the research, the object and subject of the research, the main hypothesis are formulated, the methods and the empirical base are specified. The first chapter include a review of foreign and domestic literature on the topic of the study: a description of the basic concepts and their characteristics. The following psychological constructs are considered in detail: intellect, personality type, academic performance. The first chapter include a review of foreign and domestic literature on the topic of the study. Conclusions on the first chapter are the results of the study of theoretical material. The two chapter is devoted to the empirical part of the study. On the basis of the obtained data, the developed models of intelligence and performance are demonstrated. The conclusions of chapter 2 include the main results of the empirical study. In conclusion, the results of the theoretical and empirical parts of the work, as well as conclusions on the hypotheses put forward, the practical significance of the study. The results of the study were tested at the XVI Regional Scientific and Practical Conference "Psychology: from theory to practice" and presented 3 publications in collections of materials of all-Russian and international scientific-practical conferences.

Объектом исследования является удовлетворенность учебной деятельностью. Предметом исследования стала связь удовлетворенности учебной деятельностью с чертами личности. Магистерская диссертация состоит из введения, двух глав, заключения, списка литературы (70 источников) и приложений, включающих в себя методики, применявшиеся в ходе исследования. Объем магистерской диссертации 125 страниц, на которых размещены 10 рисунков и 6 таблиц. Во введении раскрывается актуальность проблемы исследования, разработанность проблематики, ставятся цель и задачи исследования, определяются объект и предмет исследования, формулируются гипотезы, указываются методы обработки данных. Первая глава включает в себя обзор иностранной и отечественной литературы по теме удовлетворенности учебной деятельностью, чертам личности и их влиянии на успешность деятельности психолога. Выводы по первой главе представляют собой итоги по изучению теоретического материала. Вторая глава посвящена эмпирической части исследования. В ней представлено описание организации и методов проведенного исследования, а также результатов, полученных по всем использованным методикам: пятифакторный личностный опросник «Большая пятерка», тест-опросник удовлетворенности учебной деятельностью, анкета «Мотивы получения психологического образования». Выводы по главе 2 включают в себя основные результаты эмпирического исследования. В заключении в обобщенном виде изложены результаты теоретической и эмпирической частей работы, а также выводы по выдвинутым гипотезам, обоснована практическая значимость исследования. / The object of the study was satisfaction with learning activities. Communication of learning satisfaction and personality traits. The master thesis consists of an introduction, two chapters, conclusion, list of references (70 sources) and applications, including the techniques used in the course of the study. The volume of the master's thesis is 125 pages, on which are placed 10 figures and 6 tables. The introduction reveals the relevance of the research problem, the development of the problem, sets the goal and objectives of the research, identifies the object and subject of the research, formulates hypotheses, specifies the methods of data processing. The first chapter includes a review of foreign and domestic literature on the topic of satisfaction with learning activities, personality traits and their impact on the success of a psychologist. The conclusions of the first chapter are the results of the study of theoretical material. The second chapter is devoted to the empirical part of the study. It presents a description of the organization and methods of the study, as well as the results obtained using all the methods used: the Big Five five-factor personality questionnaire, a test questionnaire of educational satisfaction, a questionnaire on the “Motives for obtaining psychological education”. The conclusions of chapter 2 include the main results of an empirical study. The conclusion summarizes the results of the theoretical and empirical parts of the work, as well as the conclusions of the hypotheses put forward, the practical significance of the study is substantiated.