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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
241

董監事暨重要職員責任保險與資訊不對稱之關聯性分析 / Directors' and Officers' Liability Insurance and Information Asymmetry

黃隆建, Hwang, Long Jainn Unknown Date (has links)
本研究探討董監事暨重要職員責任保險(簡稱:董監責任險)與資訊不對稱之間的關係。過去文獻關於購買董監責任險所獲得的利益以及所需付出的代價有許多的辯論。其中一種觀點認為購買董監責任險可以提供公司治理的監督機制以降低資訊不對稱程度,因此對股東有利。但是另一種觀點認為購買董監責任險會以減少董監事面臨訴訟時自己必須負擔的損失,因而可能會出現管理者機會主義行為而導致更多的道德風險問題。本研究採用股票市場中的優勢資訊交易機率(probability of information-based trading,簡稱PIN)當成企業資訊不對稱程度的直接衡量,以了解購買監責任險與資訊不對稱之間的關係。以2008年至2013年台灣上市公司為樣本之實證結果發現,整體而言,有購買董監責任險的公司,有較低的PIN值(也就是資訊不對稱程度較低),基本上支持購買董監責任險確實可以提供公司治理的監督機制。然而在進一步比較有購買董監責任險公司以及沒有購買董監責任險的公司之後,結果顯示可能不太需要購買董監責任險的公司(以迴歸模型估計購買機率較低者)但實際上卻有購買時,相較於需要購買且實際上也有購買董監責任險的公司,會有相對比較高的PIN值(較高的資訊不對稱)。此結果顯示股票市場的PIN值確實會反應企業的投機行為,因此支持購買董監責任險依然會有出現道德風險問題的可能。本研究提供的證據顯示整體而言購買董監責任險具有公司治理的監督機制功能,但是道德風險問題還是可能會出現在某些購買董監責任險的企業。
242

都市計畫工業土地轉變使用交易成本之研究 / A Study of Transaction Costs from Conversing the Use of Urban Industrial Land

吳室滿 Unknown Date (has links)
全球化發展及產業結構轉型,造成都市計畫工業土地需求降低,導致工業土地閒置。再者,因都市地區快速發展,都會區住宅需求增加,房價高漲,致引發開發商對取得成本相對較低之都市計畫工業土地開發動機。土地開發過程中,自土地取得、規劃、興建等一連串交易行為所衍生之交易成本不容小覷。當交易成本為零的情況下,財產權得被清楚界定,故賦予財產權予任何人,資源分配結果均不會受影響,此時透過私下協商即可達最有效率之使用,無需政府干預。然在現實生活中,交易成本大於零,使得財產權界定困難度增加。土地使用分區管制界定了土地財產權,致開發商為尋求更大租利,而藉由尋租行為改變土地使用管制環境,進而影響土地使用分區管制決策與財產權結構。   本研究從交易成本理論探討開發商就都市計畫工業土地轉變使用開發架構選擇,藉由就新北市都市計畫工業土地轉變使用與交易成本分析,瞭解開發商就該等土地進行開發時,採取合法或違規轉變使用開發架構選擇及其交易成本暨交易特性。再自土地開發過程、財產權界定、尋租及交易成本理論等相關文獻回顧及所蒐集之新北市都市計畫工業土地轉變使用建案資料中,選取適當變數,建立Logistic迴歸模型。經實證測試結果,影響開發商就都市計畫工業土地轉變使用開發架構選擇因素為建案規模之戶數、總樓地板面積、交易特性中資產特殊性之開發時機及時間之存續時間。最後,依據本研究成果,提供政府機關於管制都市計畫工業土地轉變使用之參考。 / As a result of the development of globalization and the industrial restructuring, the demand of urban industrial land decreased, leaving the industrial land unused. Moreover, because of the rapid development in urban areas, the housing requirements in metropolis increased and the price rose highly, triggering off the motive for developers exploiting relatively low cost urban industrial land. During the process of land development, the transaction cost deriving from a series of trade behaviors including the acquisition of land, planning, construction is high. When the transaction cost turned zero, the property right should be defined obviously; therefore, the property right endued with anyone and the resource-allocation consequence won’t be influenced. Under this circumstance, it can reach the most efficient using via private negotiation, without the government’s intervention. However, the transaction cost is greater than zero in the real life, leading the definition of property right too difficultly. Zoning defined the land property right. In order to obtain more benefits, the developers change the regulatory environment of land use by rent seeking and then affect the decision of zoning and the structure of property right. This study discusses the developers’ choices for converse structure of the urban industrial land based on the transaction cost. According to the New Taipei City conversing use of the urban industrial land and the transaction cost, we could analyzed the developers adopted legal or illegal choices for conversing the exploitative structure and its transaction cost of trade characteristic. Furthermore, the study selects the appropriate variables to establish logistic regression models from the related literature reviews such as the process of land development, property right definition, rent seeking and transaction cost theory and the collected data of the New Taipei City. After actual proof, the factors influence developers’ choices for conversing the use of urban industrial land including the household scale of building project, total floor areas, the development timing and durations of asset specificity for trade characteristic. Lastly, this study will be a reference to provide government in controlling conversion the use of urban industrial land.
243

台灣家族控制企業與私有資訊交易之分析:以融券放空為例 / Family-Controlled Firms and Informed Trading in Taiwan: Evidence from Short Sales

林淑鈴, Lin, Shu Ling Unknown Date (has links)
本研究在探討家族、非家族控制企業與私有資訊交易之關係,私有資訊交易是以當未預期盈餘為負時,在每季盈餘宣告前之異常融券放空為判斷依據。我們希望了解家族控制企業相對於非家族控制企業是否存在較多之私有資訊交易。實證結果指出當未預期盈餘為負時,在每季盈餘宣告前,家族控制企業相較於非家族控制企業確實存在較多異常融券放空之現象。另外,我們從實證結果亦發現當未預期盈餘為負時,則家族成員涉入經營程度愈高、家族盈餘分配權愈低以及股份盈餘偏離程度愈高之公司,在每季盈餘宣告前,其融券放空之行為相對於其他企業會比較多,由此推論出家族控制特性與所有權結構和隱含資訊之融券放空行為有關。此外,研究結果亦指出巨量融券放空可以用來預測股票未來之異常報酬,但家族控制企業之巨量融券放空相對於非家族控制企業並沒有提供較多有用資訊來預測股票未來之超額報酬。 / We investigate the relation between the information content of short sales and organization structure. We want to know that informed trading occurs more readily in family-controlled firms than in nonfamily firms. Our analysis indicates that family-controlled firms experience substantially greater abnormal short sales prior to negative earnings shocks than nonfamily firms. The analysis also indicates that family-controlled firms sustain marginally less abnormal short sales prior to positive earnings surprises than nonfamily firms. Supplementary testing indicates that characteristics of family control and ownership intensify informed short selling. Further analysis suggests that high short-selling tend to be informative in predicting future returns. However, we find that high short-selling in family-controlled firms do not contains more useful information in forecasting stock returns than nonfamily firms.
244

統計套利在台灣市場之理論與實證 / Theory and Empirical Research on Statistical Arbitrage in Taiwan Market

黃杏愉 Unknown Date (has links)
本文主要是為了瞭解統計套利中的配對交易策略是否可運用於台灣股票市場,並驗證此策略在台灣股市之獲利性及可行性,統計套利的優點很多,可以降低投資風險及提高投資交易獲利的機會,是一個能獲取超額絕對報酬率的交易策略。本研究並不考慮兩檔配對股票的任何基本因素變化或事件因素導向所產生的套利機會,只使用統計模型且考慮如股票間投資報酬率之相關性係數等研究方法,並扣除交易成本。 在實證部份,台灣五十成分股之金融產業表現都能達到不錯的結果。電子產業部分,其長期來看是會回到均衡的,所以績效表現也都能如預期般有良好的表現。電信業三雄不管任兩組配對也都能獲得穩定之報酬。最後,傳產業中部分表現差強人意,未來或許可利用其他模型來找尋其適合配對之模型。
245

可轉債交易策略實證研究 / The empirical study of convertible arbitrage

鍾明希 Unknown Date (has links)
可轉債套利,為避險基金常用的操作技巧。其操作方式,為買進一可轉債,賣出若干標的股票。若是放空標的股數計算正確的話,未來不論標的股價上漲或下跌,投資組合都會有獲利,而本文目的為計算出所需放空的標的股數。 本文使用CRR(1979) 和Derman(1994) 模型,在經過路徑相依條約調整後,使用OAS參數做校準,以求得所需放空標的股數。在實證方面,本研究選取鴻海一(23171)、聯強一(23471)、佳能一(23741)做研究,結果顯示經校準過後所計算出的避險參數值,效果可用於可轉債套利操作所需,且兩個模型的效果並沒有顯著的差異。此外,可轉債的流動性對於模型計算避險比率的精準度,也沒有顯著的影響。
246

企業更名與實質交易關聯性之研究 / On the association between corporate name change and real earnings management

江永鈺 Unknown Date (has links)
公司名稱不僅僅是識別的代號,還具有深切的意義存在,且更名還需花費很大的成本、面對原有客戶流失的風險,故企業更名背後的真正涵義是值得深入探討的。 本研究旨在探討在CRSP有更名紀錄之美國上市公司,是否會透過實質交易或裁決性應計之方式進行盈餘管理。除了比較更名前後盈餘管理程度之差異,同時也以更名公司為實驗組,並選取未更名公司作為對照組,檢測在更名後,更名公司與未更名公司之盈餘管理程度是否有顯著差異。另外,為額外分析不同類型的更名原因,是否會採取不同的盈餘管理方式,依不同標準選取以下二類之更名公司:第一類為因業務範圍改變而更名;第二類為無原因之更名。 實證結果發現,更名公司在更名後,比起更名前及未更名公司,可能有以操縱銷貨來壓低現金流量、透過過量生產以降低銷貨成本的實質交易行為,進行裁決性應計項目之盈餘管理也較為嚴重。額外分析不同原因的更名公司之實證結果則發現,無原因之更名公司在更名後,進行實質交易之情形較業務範圍改變之更名公司嚴重。 / This study investigates the impact of corporate name changes on earnings management. We examine earnings management behavior in the period leading to the passage of name change effective year and in the period following the passage of name change effective year, focusing on both real earnings management and accrual-based earnings management. To make further investigations, we conduct analysis of firms that change name because of broader or narrower focus the firm’s scope of business versus firms that change name with no reason. The empirical results show that name change firms use more accruals and real earnings management after name changes when compared to similar firms. Furthermore, we also find that firms change name with no reason tend to adopt real earnings management when compared to the firms that change name because of broader or narrow focus.
247

臺灣產險業再保險交易與盈餘管理之關聯性 / The association between reinsurance transactions and earnings management in Taiwan property-casualty insurance industry

陳家琳 Unknown Date (has links)
再保險交易為國內產物保險業者經營業務及風險管理上不可或缺之工具,近年衍生融通資金及改善財務結構之財務面功能,並傳出國際知名保險業者不當運用之情事,而引起各國保險監理機關之重視,開始建立再保險完整之監理制度及詳細規範。就我國產險業而言,現行再保險交易分出業務之會計處理,可透過再保費支出、再保佣金收入、再保攤回賠款及提存未滿期保費準備減少數等會計科目,產生盈餘釋放數,進而操控公司財務報表。本研究擬探討我國產險公司是否會利用承作再保險交易從事盈餘管理。 本研究分別採用縱橫資料迴歸及分量迴歸兩種模型,以1994-2008年之國內12家產險公司為樣本,探討再保險交易量及再保險交易盈餘釋放數與盈餘管理動機之關聯。實證結果顯示我國產險公司,就資本市場動機而言,當期盈餘數愈低者,會避免虧損而從事愈多再保險交易或有愈高之盈餘釋放數,若當期盈餘低於前期愈多者,則有愈高之盈餘釋放數;就稅負動機而言,若為高稅負成本者,將從事較少再保險交易或有較低之盈餘釋放數;惟就監理動機而言,發現產險公司保單持有人盈餘與實收資本之45%的差距愈小者,反而從事愈少之再保險交易。 / Reinsurance is an indispensable tool for property-casualty insurers’ business operating and risk management. In recent years, reinsurance derived some financial functions such capital finance and financial structure improvement. Some of the world famous insurers had been found improper use of financial reinsurance, which caused regulators of various countries try to establish more supervisory systems and detailed standards to monitor such behavior. The present accounting procedures of reinsurance ceded-out business might release surplus through reinsurance premiums ceded, reinsurance commission earned, claims recovered from reinsures, and the decrease of unearned premium reserves, which release might give insurers to manipulate the financial reporting. Therefore, this research attempts to examine association between reinsurance arrangements and earnings management on Taiwan’s property-casualty insurers. This research applies panel data model and quantile regression model to test the reinsurance transactions and the surplus release associated with earnings management motivation. The data draw from12 property-casualty Taiwan’s insurers from 1994 to 2008. For capital market motivations, the evidence indicates that property-casualty insurers manage more reinsurance transactions or the higher surplus release to avoid losses, and manage the higher surplus release to avoid earnings decreases. For tax burden motivations, the result shows that the higher tax burden insurers have, the fewer insurers manage reinsurance transactions and the lower surplus release. However, for regulatory motivations, the empirical results indicate that the less difference between policyholders’ surplus and 45% of total capital has, the fewer reinsurance transactions are being managed.
248

國立大學預算制度變革之分析

高明裕 Unknown Date (has links)
我國國立大學預算制度,從過去公務預算時期政府「全額補助」,到目前校務基金預算制度下政府「部分負擔」,歷經極大的變革。什麼樣的壓力導致這樣的變革?變革的結果如何?本研究嘗試利用制度經濟學財產權和交易成本的分析架構,分析台灣國立大學從公務預算制度到校務基金預算制度,制度變革的過程及其成果。 首先,經由探究政府遷台之後,高等教育法規的重要沿革及教育政策的演進,建構出形塑整個高等教育發展的正式和非正式規則:從正式規則觀之,面臨外在環境的壓力,高等教育法規不斷地修正或制定;從非正式規則觀之,「經濟性的再製功能」與「意識型態方面的再製功能」,長久以來主導整個高等教育政策的演進。 對於整個外部環境脈絡有所瞭解之後,本研究進一步從「財產權」及「交易成本」的觀點切入。從財產權三要素(排他、可移轉、憲法的保證)觀之,公務預算制度下國立大學的經費特性均不符合,校務基金預算制度下則明顯較為契合,過去對於公務預算制度下經費使用的質疑,由此可得到新的詮釋觀點。從「交易成本」的角度觀之,本研究比較國立大學預算制度變革前後,國立大學運作成本(包括監督和管理成本)及制度變革成本(主要為設立成本及利益團體互動成本),發現採行校務基金預算制度之下,甚為可觀的交易成本在進行績效評估時,相當程度地被忽略了,這樣的忽視會造成在評估新制度的績效時的過度高估。 透過國立大學「財源結構」及「相關教育品質」的統計分析,證實在校務基金實施之後,國立大學的財源結構確實產生了顯著的改變,「多元、彈性、自主」的目標有所達成。然而這樣的成果付出怎樣的代價?相關的教育品質並不全然正面回應,也就是說,目標的達成很可能是以品質的犧牲為代價,本研究認為,這樣的後果相當程度是忽視交易成本所致。 本研究從制度經濟學的分析架構,檢視我國國立大學預算制度變革的過程及成果,雖然在分析中未能賦予交易成本一個「真正的數值」,藉由突顯交易成本的具體存在,彰顯在評估制度變革的成果時,交易成本扮演的重要性,以及忽視交易成本可能造成過度樂觀的後果。
249

獨立董監制度與關係人交易關係之研究

張正源, Chang, Cheng-yuan Unknown Date (has links)
關係人交易向為我國上市公司常見之交易型態,關係人交易雖具內部交易利益,但交易對象存在特殊關係有助於「利益輸送」或「盈餘操縱」之操作,故有論者認為關係人交易乃控制股東侵佔其他股東財富之重要工具。而台灣獨特的家族型企業結構及其所衍生的不健全公司治理架構,可能是近年來我國資本市場關係人交易弊案頻傳的主因。 台灣證券交易所於2002年2月22日起,要求首次申請上市公司至少須設置二席獨立董事及一席獨立監察人,企望藉此改善上市公司之內部治理架構。儘管過去研究顯示,董事會獨立性是董事會功能能否發揮之重要因素,然各界對此制度仍有所疑慮。因此,本研究以多元迴歸分析及單變量檢定,探討獨立董監制度及關係人交易之關係,分析獨立董監制度對上市公司之實質效益。實證結論如下: 1.相較於未引進獨立董監制度公司,引進獨立董監制度公司在關係人進貨、關係人應付融資及關係人其他支出等可能具有內部利益之關係人交易型態,關係人交易比率較高,而這可能也是獨立董監制度積極監督之正面效應。 2.相對於未引進獨立董監制度公司,自願及非自願引進公司之關係人應收融資比率較高,代表獨立董事、獨立監察人對內部利益明顯的關係人應付融資交易,能扮演著積極推動並消弭歧見的角色。 3.相較於非自願引進獨立董監制度公司,自願引進公司具有較低之關係人背書保證比率。顯示自願引進公司藉獨立董監之監督,能有效減少不利公司績效之關係人背書保證交易。 4.適用獨立董監條款之新上市公司上市後第二年度關係人銷貨及關係人應收融資顯著低於上市前第二年度之水準,代表獨立董監制度的實質監督效果可能須經兩年以上時間才得以顯現。 基於上述結論,本研究對我國獨立董監制度提出下列建議:一、擴大獨立董監制度之適用範圍;二、考慮獨立董監實質效益之顯現時程,對其任期加以規範;三、積極建構完善的市場機制,迫使控制股東自發地強化公司治理機制。 / The related-party transaction is the general transaction mode in Taiwan. Although the related-party transaction brings internal transaction profit, the clients with special relationship could help earnings management or the interest conveyance so the related-party transaction is considered as the significant tool to keep the shareholders from invading other’s fortune. Besides, the malady of the related-party transaction happened frequently in the capital market in Taiwan, and this condition could be refer to the unique structure and the unsound governmence of the companies run by the family members. Taiwan Stock Exchange Corporation(TSEC) claimed the qualification for the first time to apply to be the listed company that from Feb. 22, 2002, there should be at least two independent directors and one independent supervisor. By this way, TSEC hope to make an improvement on the governmance of the listed companies. The former research shows that the characteristic of independent directorate is the leading factor to decide if the directorate could be into full play, but we still doubt for this system. Therefore, this research adopts the Multiple Regression Analysis, T-test and Wilcoxon Sign Rank Test to illustrate the relations between the system of independent directors and supervisors and the related-party transaction, and to analyze the real effect which the system of independent directors and supervisors makes on the listed companies. The results are as follows, 1. Compared with the companies without the system of independent directors and supervisors, the companies with the system of independent directors and supervisors possess higher ratio of related-party transaction because the related- party have the internal transaction profit on merchandise, payables and other expenses. This condition could express that the system makes the positive effect on supervising. 2. Compared with the companies without the system of independent directors and supervisors, the companies voluntarily or involuntarily using the system of independent directors and supervisors possess higher ratio of the payables. This situation means that the independent directors and independent supervisors play the significant role on promoting the transactions and eliminating the diversities when the related-parties make payables transaction. 3. Compared with the companies without the system of independent directors and supervisors, the companies voluntarily using the system of independent directors and supervisors possess the lower ratio of the assurance of related- party. This condition illustrates that the system of independent directors and supervisors could reduce the adverse transaction of assurance. 4. The second year of the IPO companies which adopt the system of independent directors and supervisors have lower related-party sales and payables than before being listed companies in their second year. This fact tells us the real effect might take more than two years to carry out. In conclusion, this research offers the suggestions of the systems of independent directors and supervisors in Taiwan as below. First, the qualification of the system of independent directors and supervisors should be broadened. Second, the terms of the directors and supervisors should be made the reasonable consideration because the real effect might take time to carry out. Finally, the market mechanism should be more complete to force the blockholder to enhance the governmace of the company.
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遺傳規劃應用於國際金融巿場交易策略之研究

許江妹, Hoi , Kong Mui Unknown Date (has links)
本文應用遺傳規劃交易程式來檢驗八個國家的股票指數和外匯巿場的表現,採用移動視窗的方法,測試三組獨立的期間,重新檢驗較早期的研究結果,並繼續延申探討,包括交易報酬與交易行為。實證結果顯示,不論在股票還是外匯巿場,若訓練期間的資料選擇不當,遺傳規劃的獲利表現會不理想。資料形態不但會影響遺傳規劃交易程式的獲利性,同時也決定了程式本身的一些觀察特性。我們另外分析了交易程式的複雜度、演化時間、交易頻率和一致性。交易程式的複雜度和演化時間有正向的相關性,但複雜度和報酬、以及演化時間和報酬之間都只有很弱的關係。這些發現可以讓我們更了解遺傳規劃演化交易策略的過程,有助往後更進一步的研究。

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