臺灣之證券及期貨市場及相關單位是否合併、如何合併，自2003年起便有相關的討論出現，期間也因許多因素使此政策一變再變，遲遲無法達成共識並實行。 　　整併是否必為正面效應，衡量之標準及時間並無標準，由不同的角度或時間觀之必有不同，因此本文將不著重在是否應整併及整併之利弊分析上，而是以既定之整併政策方向為前提，觀察他國整併實例，嘗試找出適合臺灣的整併模式及分工。 　　證券及期貨市場及相關單位的整併除了不同模式間之選擇問題外，更大的難題乃是在於整併時之法律問題及整併後面臨最大的難題－交易所之公益角色與營利目的之衝突；前者我國已有採取控股公司模式之定論，也為理論上較適於我國之模式，後者則是本文的討論重點──如何維護交易所之公益功能，包括相關法令規範的建置、交易所控股公司及旗下相關子公司之自律，以及政府之妥善監理等。

本研究主要是以「外匯報酬三因子模型」為基礎，故先檢視在本樣本期間內(1985/2至2016/10) ，以雙分類法將37國主流貨幣分為9個投組後，外匯超額報酬解釋力，是否會因加入動能策略因子形成之三因子模型，而較原本兩因子模型(市場因子、利差策略因子)來的強？最終測得三因子模型在判斷係數及殘差等適切度表現較佳。 接著利用逐步迴歸分析法(限制所有自變數均須於90%信心水準內顯著)嘗試尋找獲利成因，主要挑選出不同面向之11種經濟成因因子(股價指數波動、投機活動、流動性、貨幣波動、落後短期利率、落後股利率、落後期限利差、落後違約利差、)落後避險基金套利資本、工業生產量及通膨率因子)來檢測可否解釋三因子模型中獲取報酬之利差、動能策略因子，並利用Fama-MacBeth兩步驟橫斷面迴歸法評估模型市場定價能力。結果發現定價能力均顯著，而利差交易策略之成因為股價指數波動因子(△EVOL)，因其可能連動匯率波動而呈現負相關；動能交易策略成因則為股價指數波動因子(△EVOL)及落後期限利差因子(△LTS)，主要因動能交易主要來自於市場資訊反應不完全，前者成因因子提供更大的動量執行交易策略、後者則因投資人在不同景氣循環下而有不同的投資反應，如景氣擴張的過度自信與樂觀、景氣衰退下產生行為財務領域中的處置效果，使兩成因與動能策略因子呈現正相關。 / This paper is based on the model of three-factors foreign exchange returns. So we test whether three-factors FX model which adds the factor of momentum can have stronger ability to explain currency excess return than two-factors FX model in the sampling period of February 1985 to October 2016. And the 37 kinds of currency are sorted by double sort method and become 9 portfolios. Finally, no matter coefficient of determination or residual error, three-factors FX model performs well. Further, we use stepwise LS regression (independent variable should have statistical significance in 90% confidence interval) to find which factor we choose can cause carry and momentum strategy profit in three-factors FX model. Next, using Fama-MacBeth two-step regression to estimate the asset pricing ability. The results represent that all contribution factors which get from stepwise LS method are significant. Carry trade strategy and △EVOL are negative correlation, because volatility of stock index will influence volatility of FX. And there have the positive correlation between momentum trade strategy and two factors(△EVOL and △LTS). Just because the profit from momentum strategy comes from the incomplete reaction of market information and △EVOL give more motive force. Besides, there have different investment reactions in diverse business cycle. Investors are over confident and optimistic during the period of recession and have disposition effect during the period of boom.

本論文共分為六章。第一章旨在概略介紹本論文之基本理念與架構，俾使讀者能初步瞭解本論文題目之爭點所在。 第二章針對內線交易在立法政策上應否予以禁止之議題，本章首先將釐清內線交易之基本內涵，並具體闡述內線交易對社會及經濟等各層面所帶來的影響與危害，以期對內線交易首先建立一個宏觀印象。進而分別從經濟與法律兩個不同層面，彙整不同學派提出之見解，並針對各種論調提出本文想法。最後說明我國對內線交易採取之立法政策及規範意旨。 第三章以美國法院判例之演變為討論中心，美國判例法下之內線交易理論歷經幾十年之建構與變動。最早在法制規範前，法院採取普通法下特殊情事理論作為禁止內線交易之論據；其次發展出「公開否則戒絕交易原則」，繼而逐漸延伸出「傳統信賴關係理論」、「訊息傳遞責任理論」以及「私取理論」，依據實際規範需要而對於內線交易行為主體範圍作適度地限縮與擴張。本章主要目的即在於，藉由詳細地分析美國判例法上深具代表性之案例，以及各種內線交易理論基礎之構成理由，進一步釐清內線交易行為主體之射程與規範現狀。另外亦將透過各種交易關係模式之分析，檢視理論之間的協調性，並提出本文意見。 第四章介紹「歐洲內線交易行為主體之規範」。1989年歐洲部長理事會頒佈《歐洲共同體內線交易協調指令》（89/592/EEC），此項指令列出內線交易規範之最低標準，要求其會員國在1992年7月1日前完成國內法之制訂，以實現指令規範內線交易之目標。2003年《內線交易及市場操縱之指令》（2003/6/EC），更針對現有內線交易指令進行修正，並新增市場操縱行為之規範，以取代89/592/EEC號指令。本章之目的，即在於介紹歐洲共同體針對內線交易行為主體之規範內容，進而探討內線交易之規範基礎。 第五章首先對於我國內線交易之規範作一概略性之介紹，並從規範架構探討我國內線交易理論之取向。第二節次就我國內線交易行為主體之規範範圍進行分析，並進一步探討理論與規範在實際應用上是否協調一致，抑或相互矛盾。第三節則歸結前兩節所論述之爭點，提出完整之規範建議。 第六章主要在於彙整前面各章之重點，並再一次強調本文立場與建議。

本篇論文主要在外匯市場建立市場投資組合、利差交易投資組合與動能交易投資組合，探討透過不同情境適當改變投資組合比重配置，是否能夠顯著提升交易策略的報酬表現。 以1999年1月至2015年10月為樣本期間，根據28個國家外匯市場資料建構市場投資組合、利差交易投資組合與動能交易投資組合等，之後根據三種投資組合報酬情況透過馬可夫情境轉換模型區分成三種情境。按三種情境的各種投資組合超額報酬表現，再利用馬可維茲的平均數-變異數投資組合模型配置各情境下各項交易的比重，再依據計算出的預期情境與相對應比重進行投資。其結果顯示在樣本期間內，本篇論文的交易策略相較於外匯市場投資組合、利差交易投資組合與動能交易組合有較佳的投資表現。 在樣本外測試部分，採用自2012年中開始的連續情境二資料進行分析。報酬方面，在其他交易型態呈現負報酬較多情況下，就本文交易策略而言，投資者隨時根據其各種交易平均報酬與共變異數進行交易比重配置，適時放空交易策略或投資無風險資產，產生正報酬。但從標準差可以推斷投資者面對未來的不確定，在整個樣本外期間歷時的34個月當中標準差亦無法有效降低，說明了投資者面對下一期總體環境的高不確定性。 / In this thesis, we mainly investigate whether it could improve the performance of currency portfolio by adjusting weights among carry trade, momentum and market return in foreign exchange market under different kinds of regimes. Based on a sample of 28 market currencies, we form three kinds of transactions in our portfolio, including carry trade, momentum, and market return. Under Markov switching model, we divide the sample period into three regimes, and then determine weights among carry trade, momentum and market return by parameters of each re-gime using Markowitz mean-variance analysis. Finally, we invest different weights among three transactions according to each expected regime. We find the result that although the return of the strategy is just a little higher than the carry trade, the risk is much lower compared to other transactions. In our out-of-sample testing, we analyze the performance by using the data of the regime two which begins September, 2012. With the respect to the return, most of other risky transactions have negative return, but we get positive return by adjusting the long position and short position according to the result of the mean-variance anal-ysis. However, we can not effectively reduce risk by using the strategy, and in the meantime it can explain the high uncertainty investors face toward the next period.

Despite being the twelfth largest financial market in the world, approximately 90 per cent of the entire trading volume in the Taiwan stock market is accounted for by only a small, but widely dispersed, group of local investors actively participating in the local market during the 1995-1999 period (Barber, Lee, Liu and Odean, 2007); it is, however, also the case that these investors suffer from low levels of investor protection (La Porta, Lopez-de-Silances, Shleifer and Vishny, 1998). The discovery of a series of corporate scandals in Taiwan, between 16 June and 15 September 2004 (the event period), offers a unique opportunity to investigate the perceptions of investors on the value of corporate governance. The main line of reasoning in this study is that at times when news of scandals flows into the market, the perceptions of certain types of investors, particularly uniformed outsiders, will lead to a systematic change in their trading habits; thus, they may avoid trading in certain firms altogether, or their incentives to place aggressive orders may be considerably weakened, particularly where there is a likelihood of expropriation by controlling insiders. This dissertation undertakes a comprehensive analysis of trade and quote (TAQ) data for all investors on a sample of 94 firms listed on the Taiwan Stock Exchange (TSE), and provides evidence of extreme variations in the investment behavior of different types of investors. It is clear that during the event period, a substantial proportion of investors did cease trading altogether, with such cessation of trading even affecting their original non-scandal portfolios. This response was particularly discernible amongst small and medium-sized individual investors, who may often incur losses in firms with high cash-flow rights leverage. It seems that even the better-performed small-sized individual investors, who had previously enjoyed larger positive excess returns, tended to discard their previous trading strategy involving firms with no clear deviation between control rights and cash-flow rights. An examination of this deviation in trading behavior shows that most investors, with the exceptions of foreign institutions and large-sized individual investors, began to enter the market more passively during the event period, particularly in firms in which the ultimate controllers had separate control and cash-flow ownership. However, throughout the event period, the trading strategies of foreign institutions and large-sized individual investors involved more aggressive submission of orders for stocks in firms with strong cash-flow rights leverage. Finally, a direct test of the informativeness of aggressive orders placed by each category of investors, under different ownership structure portfolios, regardless of any order strategy, reveals that small-sized individual investors invariably performed badly during both the pre-event and event periods examined in this dissertation. Each line of our analysis shows that only foreign institutions and large-sized individual investors maintained acceptable returns; in comparative terms, these two groups of investors performed relatively well in portfolios with higher cash-flow rights leverage.

傳統上，從事金融交易所須面對的風險類型，大致可分為五大類：市場風險、信用風險、流動性風險、作業風險與法律風險。此種分類方式雖可詳細說明從事衍生性金融交易所可能涉及之風險問題，但實際上要利用此分類來辨別爭議事件之發生原因實不容易。理由在於，各類風險之間並非獨立存在，而有相互影響甚至放大之關係，此亦加深了我們去瞭解事件核心問題之難度。本文的研究目的，便在於希望能利用另一種更清楚焦距的分類方式，歸納出爭議事件所彰顯的關鍵問題，藉此觀察最需被注意之部份，並進一步檢視國際金融組織所提出之建議報告是否能被合理適用於防止爭議事件之發生。

高頻率交易在近年已漸成為全球趨勢，在世界各主要交易所的交易型態中都占有相當的比例。高頻率交易雖因係非僅有單一策略型態的套利行為，而目前尚未有明確之定義，然簡言之，其係指於毫秒等級的微小時間內，利用複雜的計算機運算系統挾帶速度優勢來進行迅速探測出市場上股票或期貨微小的價格差異並從中套利之交易模式。高頻率交易的特性是「交易頻繁，但每次獲利微薄」，且通常是當沖交易。然而，此種立基於快速撮合的逐筆交易制度以及資訊軟硬體設備進步而生之新型交易模式，除能帶來增加交易市場流動性、促進市場活絡等優點以外，亦藏有使股市因無意向成交而產生劇烈波動或造成市場秩序不公平等風險，如著名的美國2010年閃電崩盤即為一例。 我國證券市場的交易制度幾經更迭，現行所採之集合競價的撮合間隔時間一路從20秒降至現行的5秒，然仍遲未採行各國趨勢之逐筆交易制度。現任證交所董事長施俊吉對此也於2016年12月13日受訪時指出，集合競價交易方式已屬老式且落伍，逐筆交易已水到渠成，運作尚有賴券商業者大力配合。只要券商準備好即可隨時啟動。 證券交易市場首重公平性，此於我國證券交易法立法目的即可觀之。我國雖因未採行逐筆交易制度，目前尚未面臨高頻率交易之挑戰，然於可預見之未來，我國實施逐筆交易制度後，高頻率交易的產生以及比重無可避免地將有隨之增加之可能。此時我國證券交易市場所將面臨的，即高頻率交易究竟有無促進市場效率、抑或破壞市場公平性；以及我們又該如何將之規範以兼顧市場整體利益與投資人保護等考驗。 本論文以現行我國交易制度的發展動向為脈絡，並以未雨綢繆之角度初探高頻率交易此一議題，藉參考他國就此交易模式之制度與規範方向，自我國現行證券交易法之制度下進行檢視及討論，藉此試提出於我國推行逐筆交易後，發生高頻率交易時之相關配套建議以及對投資人的保護措施，做為我國日後實際推行逐筆交易制度與高頻率交易時之參考依據。 / High-frequency trading (HFT) has become a global trend in recent years. It accounts for a considerable proportion in the world's major exchanges. HFT is not only a single strategy for the type of arbitrage behavior; hence, there is still no clear definition of it. But in short, it refers to a type of algorithmic trading characterized by "frequent transactions with minute profit". Despite the benefit of increasing the liquidity of market and promoting market activity, it also has some disadvantages such as interfering the market order and the risk of unfairness. The well-known case, Flash Crash, of America in 2010 is so one example of HFT. The securities market trading system of Taiwan, Call Auction, has changed several times. The interval of the auction collecting and matching time has been all the way from 20 seconds down to the 5 seconds in current. But the final goal, Trade by Trade Matching transaction, has not yet been adopted so far. In December of 2016, the current chairman of Taiwan Stock Exchange said that Call Auction transaction is now old-fashioned and outdated, Trade by Trade Matching transaction has become a matter of course. Trade by Trade Matching transaction is just right around the corner, and it’s ready to launch as long as the brokers are ready. Fairness is the first priority in securities market. While Taiwan has not yet adopted the Trade by Trade Matching transaction and has not yet faced the challenges of HFT, Taiwan will no doubt implement it in the foreseeable future, and therefore the possibility of the appearance and the proportion of HFT in our market will be increasing. At the same time, HFT will be faced with whether it will promote market efficiency or undermine the fairness of the market. How should we regulate it and how to protect the interests of investors and the overall benefit of our market will also become our tests. This thesis takes the development trend of current trading system in Taiwan as a starting point and probes into the issue of HFT from the view of precaution. By referring to the trading system and regulations toward HFT of other countries, this thesis try to propose relevant suggestions and protection measures for investors and appropriate regulations of market after the implementation of Trade by Trade Matching transaction and the embracement of HFT in Taiwan.

近年來手機的普及率日漸增加，手機逐漸成為生活中不可或缺的工具，因此許多生活方式逐漸的偏向由手機端完成，例如:找路不需要再透過地圖,上網查資料不需要再透過電腦，人們逐漸地把實體錢包轉向利用手機支付的電子錢包，像是中國支付寶等支付系統。利用手機當作錢包已經是現今手機發展的主要方向，然而對於手機的安全支付議題也日漸重視，近年來有安全晶片的保護下使用者的手機安全也有一定程度的提升，但是在離線交易的情況下惡意使用者的操作依然是可以欺騙安全晶片並製造出雙重支付的問題。 2016年陳等人提出了一個基於NFC系統的匿名行動付款協定，然而該協定中必須要有銀行端的介入才能執行交易。在本論文中，我們基於陳等人的線上交易協定為基礎下發展了本篇論文的新交易協定，此交易協定可以適用於離線以及線上的環境。 離線環境下的雙重支付行為一直交易的過程中難以預防的攻擊，在本篇論文中我們透過安全晶片、符號化和本論文研究的雜湊鍊來預防雙重支付行為，且能保障使用者在交易過程中的匿名性。 / As the coverage of mobile phone has been constantly increased in recent years, the mobile phones have become an indispensable tool in life. Many ways of lives are gradually done through the mobile terminals, for example: No longer need to find the way through the map or search information through the computer, people have also gradually turned to electronic payment via e-wallets instead of paying via physical wallets, such as AliPay in China. Adopting the mobile phone as a wallet is nowadays the main development direction of mobile phones. Meanwhile, people are paying more and more attention to the topics on the security of mobile payment than before. In recent years, under the protection of secure element, the security of users’ mobile phone has been enhanced to a certain extent. In the case of off-line transactions, malicious users are capable of fooling secure element and making double spending. In 2016, Chen et al. proposed a NFC-Based anonymous mobile payment protocol. In that protocol the transaction can only be executed with the involvement of issuer. In this research, we introduce a new protocol which can support both on-line and off-line transactions. Our protocol is modified from that of Chen et al.’s idea. In our protocol, to prevent a malicious user, we use a secure element which stores sensitive information that cannot be altered by the user. In this way, the cheating behavior of a malicious user can be prevented. On the other hand, by using the token techniques, the anonymity of a user can be achieved from the view of a merchant. In this study, we focus on double spending which can make merchant a lot of cost at off-line transaction. We used hash chain to verify the correctness of transactions and prevent the double spending.

本研究以理性行為理論模型(TRA)探討台灣消費者在進行國內旅遊時，從旅遊網站上進行資訊蒐集過程並綜合實際體驗後的網站再訪影響因素。研究分別探討服務品質對網站滿意度、網站滿意度對網站使用使用意願，社群意識對於網站使用意願、離線體驗對於消費意願、網站使用意願對消費意願的影響，並將該旅遊網站收入的分類(亦即商業交易網站及非商業交易網站)作為干擾變數，探討離線體驗到消費意願間的路徑影響。 本研究以三次廠商深度訪談獲得網站使用者習慣的族群分類，並進行兩場針對不同目標族群的焦點團體訪談，搭配Google搜尋國內旅遊網站來找出研究對象的30個國內旅遊網站，本研究透過三項針對不同族群的管道來進行線上問卷發放，共回收309份有效問卷，以結構方程模型進行分析。研究發現旅遊網站的使用者行為符合TRA模型的整體架構，線上服務品質、滿意度以及主觀規範構面的社群意識都會影響消費者再度上該旅遊網站的使用意願，同時離線體驗對於網站的使用意願具有顯著影響，同時網站類別作為干擾變數探討離線體驗到消費意願的影響，研究發現無商業交易網站使用者對此具有顯著影響。基於以上資料分析，本研究提出相關管理意涵與建議，期望提供未來研究者進一步的參考。 / For the perpose of the research, Theory of Reasoned Action model (TRA) is executed for exploring the process of Taiwan online users’ domestic traveling information collection, from travel website info collection, actual journey experience to travel website reuse intention. The research probed into the influence of website service quality to website satisfaction, website satisfaction to website reuse intention, social norms to website reuse intention, offline experience to journey experience revisit intention, website reuse intention to journey experience intention and website reuse intention to actual website reuse behavior, respectively. Website income source is classified into e-commerce travel website and non-ecommerce travel website as a mediator in the research. The research assorted travel website user habit by three corporate deep interviews. Then the research performed two focus groups triggered at different target groups, integrated with google research results in order to discover 30 largest and most popular Taiwan travel website. By three platforms the research reached target user to launch online questionnaire, and eventually collected 309 effective questionnaires then analyzed through SEM method. The results showed that the domestic travel website users’ behavior well suited TRA model structure. Website service quality, website satisfaction and social norms influence website reuse intention, meanwhile offline experience have influence on users’ website reuse intention as well. For the path analysis from offline experience to journey experience revisit intention, non-ecommerce website users as a mediator have well impact on it. According to the results above, the research brings up business suggestions for future research progress.

本研究應用雲端分散式的架構來建置與佈署一個處理大量使用者交易需求的高頻交易投資策略服務平台，此平台有以下特色： 1. 系統後端採用雲端SOA架構，將整個龐大的交易系統切割佈署到雲端叢集之上，並提供單一的Façade介面供外部使用者呼叫；系統前端畫面的設計遵循Yahoo UI嚴格的MVC架構規範，並保證前端的View與Model與後端的資料達成同步。 2. 不斷接收來自外部的即時報價訊息，並產生海量的即時市場狀態資訊，包含多種技術分析指標、買賣規則…等，以供高頻交易的策略作為買賣的依據。 3. 利用Java Message Service將大量的即時市場狀態資訊快速、非同步的派送給分佈在雲端叢集各節點的系統模組，並採取Publisher-Subscriber的模式來維持分散後各系統模組之間的鬆散關係。 4. 多樣化的統計演算法模型可供使用者作為產生優良的個人化投資策略之依據。產生的新策略可馬上投入即時的模擬交易環境下監控與評估其策略績效。