19世紀末清日戰爭是日本於近代以來首次在國際間獲得絕對順利並取得殖民地的一場戰役。日本由馬關條約取得領有台灣的合法性，而由日方主導的條約內容與風格並非完全來日本自身的傳統或習慣，乃是借重明治維新的成果，取信於西方傳統。因此，欲討論馬關條約之所以出現國籍選擇去就條款勢必從19世紀之前的國際情勢談起。 本文溯及歐洲的法國大革命以及拿破崙戰爭，其影響下的民族主義與自由主義成為19世紀風潮，致令19世紀初期起的領土割讓條約通常規定個人有權選擇國籍的條款，以及賦予被割讓的領土內的居民透過選擇而能夠保持其原有國籍的條款。 日本在明治維新後大量學習西方化，而西方的自由主義與民族主義也逐漸被日本吸收而應用在國際外交上，馬關條約就是其中一例。馬關條約中明示台灣人在兩年內（1895～97年）可選擇放棄日本國籍、任其變賣財產離去，然台灣人最後卻僅有0.16%的人離去，相較於在割讓之初台灣民主國的激烈抗日，顯然有許多值得討論的空間。

汽車產業是僅次於房地產最大產業，去年(2016)全球小型車輛(Light Duty)新車銷售量已突破九千萬輛，來到九千零四十萬輛。汽車的發明使得人與人之間的距離縮短到極致。長期以來，汽車一直只是單純的交通工具，頂多就是將冷氣和音響裝到汽車上，讓駕駛較為舒適、不致無聊。然而，隨著資訊電子技術發展一日千里，資訊電子已快速取代以傳統機械為主的汽車零配件成為汽車提升性能、效率、安全，以及娛樂功能的最重要推動力，也使汽車愈來愈高科技化。如今，汽車各類電子已經廣泛應用在汽車上，這些電子晶片不只用來偵測車體行進時的狀態與傾角、引擎轉速與溫度調節、燃料噴射、自動變速、輪胎壓力等各項基本參數，其他像是讓倒車更安全的倒車雷達、不須要鑰匙就能開車門的指紋辨識防盜系統、即使在高速公路上奔馳也能上網的行動無線寬頻網路、以及車內多媒體影音娛樂系統、GPS衛星導航等等，都是靠電子零組件才能運作。 汽車電子化被認為是汽車技術發展進程中的一次革命，汽車電子化的程度被看作是現代汽車水平的重要標誌，是用來開發新車型，改進汽車性能最重要的技術措施。汽車業者增加汽車電子設備的數量、促進汽車電子化是奪取未來汽車市場的重要的有效手段。汽車電子產品市場將在汽車產業發展的保障下穩步發展，各類汽車電子產品在汽車中的普及率將持續提高，隨著未來汽車市場的快速發展和汽車電子的價值含量迅速提高，汽車電子產業將形成巨大的經濟規模效應，且汽車電子產品占汽車的成本亦將進一步提高。汽車電子會成為全球資訊業者矚目的焦點，在於電子零配件佔汽車生產成本比例日益升高以及全球汽車電子產業的高度成長。根據工研院IEK統計，2013年全球汽車電子產品市場約1,670億美元，預估到了2019年將倍增達3,011億美元。全球汽車電子產業持續加溫，再加上法規對節能、安全的日益要求、消費者對舒適、對信息娛樂的需求、電動車、無人駕駛等的崛起將大大地刺激對汽車電子未來的成長。這些數據顯示，隨著傳統 3C電子產業的成長逐漸趨緩之際，汽車已成為對電子零組件需求增加最快的一個產業。 長年以來，政府政策以及台灣廠商主要以3C電子代工市場為定位，享受經濟規模的好處，但產業發展已進入成熟期。高科技產業在高競爭壓力及低毛利的挑戰下，普遍壓縮了獲利的成長空間，電子代工業者紛紛陷入削價競爭的紅海，再加上中國政府對當地電子企業的支持，在資金、資源甚至法令上對當地企業有無比的助益，形成優勢，使得台灣電子產業在內外環境夾擊下更難擴展。汽車電子在台灣琢磨不多，乃是由於汽車電子經濟規模小，對技術、品質要求較一般電子高出甚多且進入門檻高，需要很冗長的開發與投資，是昔日造成台灣企業不願進入的主因。因此，台灣汽車電子產業在國際間是較為陌生的，大部份的技術都被國際大廠或原車廠所掌握。近年來台灣企業以及政府已慢慢了解到全球車輛電子化所帶來的商機，並可為台灣的電子產業於全球汽車電子產業上占有一席之地。車輛電子產業則為台灣3C 產業(Computer, Communication, Consumer Electronics)帶來了創造高利潤空間之曙光，成為另一令人矚目之第4C 產業（Car）。但是因車輛產業有其特殊的供應鏈生態，以及高安全可靠度要求，因此要如何跨足車輛電子，是台灣科技產業中最熱門的話題之一。 本論文著重在車輛電子零組件、模組產品並以台灣上櫃廠商A公司為例，如何進如嚴苛的汽車電子市場及其進入OE(Original Equipment)之策略，避免紅色供應鏈創造藍海市場及價值。A公司成立於1998年，從事車用電子二極體製造，全球市占率超過51%，第二、三、四名依次為德國BOSCH，日本日立(Hitachi)， 日本Sanken電氣。此四家已佔全球新車市場95%以上用量，形成寡占市場生態體系。在A公司未進入此市場前，車用二極體之霸主為德國BOSCH。然而，A公司創立不過十餘年，對汽車產業來說只是初生之苗，如何在短短十年內於嚴苛的車電市場中取得領先地位以贏擊國際大廠，其競爭優勢、戰略戰術策略、經營方向是本論文研究重點之一。再者，A公司近年著手於研發節能環保之新世代電子產品，以期更有效能的電子產品被開發出來。在未來新汽車電子市場中，A公司如何能再創新優勢，其是否能延續既有的競爭策略或有不同戰略作法與國際大廠一較天下，確實值得深入討論。藉由A公司經驗，以國際汽車環境、法規要求、技術、安全性、未來產品發展趨勢、環保節能等各個面向所採取的宏觀策略來提供或建議台灣廠商現有或新進入者如何能切入此汽車電子的利基市場，提出未來台灣汽車電子零組件產業發展方向、影響關鍵零組件主要因素之變化、產業可能面臨問題與解決對策等，以及其所要面對的問題與挑戰提供建議與策略，藉以提供政府相關單位或民間企業在做未來長期計劃政策訂定或商業決策時的參考，並期望能促進台灣廠商在汽車電子產業形成強而有力的供應鏈生態網。 / The automotive industry is becoming the second largest industry in the world. The new car sales of global small vehicles have exceeded 90 million, arriving to 90.4 million in year 2016. The invention of the automobile shortens the distance between people. The automobile has always been just a simple transport for a long time, and it just installs the air-conditioner and audio to the car to make driving more comfortable, not be boring. However, with the rapid development of electronics technology, it has been not only replaced the traditional mechanical-based auto parts but also become the most important driving force to enhance automobiles’ performance, efficiency, safety, and entertainment functions that is making more and more high-tech of automobile. Nowadays, all kinds of electronic vehicles have been widely used in the car, these electronic chips are not only used to detect the moving vehicle of its state and tilt, engine speed and temperature regulation, fuel injection, automatic transmission, tire pressure and other basic parameters. The other vehicle systems like reversing radar, fingerprint identification system, the Internet mobile wireless network on the highway, multimedia entertainment system, GPS satellite Navigation and so on are all relying on electronic components to operate it. Automotive electronics is considered a revolution in the development of automotive technology, it is seen as an important indicator of modern vehicle level, using to develop new models, improve the performance of the most important vehicle technical measures. It is an important and effective measure to increase the number of automotive electronic equipment, promote the automotive electronics by automobile manufacturers in order to seize the automobile market in the future. The prevalence of all types of automotive electronics products will continue to increase based on the rapid development in the future of auto market and increase of automotive electronics’ value. Automotive electronics will become the focus in the global information industry due to the increasing proportion of electronic components in automobile production costs, and high growth of the global automotive electronics industry. The auto electronics parts is estimated to account for $ 3,705 in 2015,and increases more than 65% in the total cost of production of an automobile. As for the overall market value is even more astonishing. The global automotive electronics market in 2013 is about 1,670 billion US dollars, and it is estimated to 301.1 billion US dollars according to IEK statistics. The automotive electronics will greatly growth in the future because of the continuing development of the global automotive electronics industry, regulation for energy efficiency and safety, consumer demand for comfort and entertainment, electric cars and unmanned driving, etc. These data show that the automobile electronic components has become the fastest growing industry. For many years, government policy and Taiwanese manufacturers is mainly to focus on 3C electronic foundry market, enjoying the benefits of economies scale, but this industry development has already entered a mature period. The electronic foundry industry has plunged into low-price Red Ocean competition because of the high pressure competition and low-margin challenges in high-tech industry, and with China government's support for local electronics companies. All of these factors make Taiwan electronics industry hard to expand it. Taiwan enterprises are unwilling to enter the field of automotive electronics due to the small size of the automotive electronics economy, technology and quality requirements are much higher than general electronic. In addition, it needs a long time to develop and invest because of high threshold entrance. Therefore, Taiwan's automotive electronics industry is relatively unfamiliar in the international market because most of the technologies are possessed by international automakers or the original equipment. In recent years, Taiwan enterprises and the government have gradually understood the global automotive electronics will bring some business opportunities, and it would hold a portion of global automotive electronics for Taiwan's electronics industry. The automotive electronics industry not only creates another road for Taiwan’s 3C industry but also becomes the 4C industry (Car). However, the automobile industry has its special supply chain ecology as well as high security and reliability requirements, so how to cross the automotive electronics is one of the most popular topics in Taiwan's technology industry. The emphasis of this research paper is on the automotive electronics components and modules, using A Technology Corporation, an OTC company as an example, explaining how to enter into the strict automotive electronics market and the strategies to enter the OE automotives, in order to prevent Red Oceans in supply chain and create values in Blue Oceans. A Technology Corporation was established in November, 1998. Its main product automotive diode stands more than 51% global market share, followed by Germany’s Bosch, Japan’s Hitachi, and Japan’s Sanken. These top 4 suppliers monopolize above 95% of all diodes globally in this oligopoly market. Germany’s Bosch had stood above 50% market share before A Technology Corporation entered the market. With merely 10 years in the auto industry, A Technology Corporation could still be considered as an infant. Another key of this research paper is to explain how A Technology Corporation obtained the leading position, winning over international well known manufacturers, achieving competitive advantage through effective strategy, methodology, tactics, and operations. Furthermore, over recent years A Technology Corporation has been focusing especially more on the development of advanced electronics applications for the new generation in environmental protection and new energy technology for better efficiency. In the future of the new automotive electronics market, how A Technology Corporation can re-invent and re-innovate to create new advantages through current competitive strategy or different strategic approach to compete with other international manufacturers, is a topic worthy of discussion. With A Technology Corporation’s experience in automotive regulatory requirements, technology, security, product trends, environmental protection and energy conservation, A Technology Corporation can help offer recommendations to other Taiwan manufacturers or new entrant on how to enter this niche market. A Technology Corporation can also provide advice and strategic directions on future development of the automotive electronics to government agencies and private enterprises, including the impact of change on key components and the challenges this industry faces and potential solutions, for long-term policy planning or decision-making, in turn, promoting Taiwan manufacturers in the automotive electronics industry to form a strong supply chain and network.

Denny Roy describes the current political situation in Taiwan as both “peculiar and intriguing.” Roy also uses the terms “beautiful” and “beleaguered” to define Taiwan. These oxymoronic terms are natural reactions to the political turmoil and the economic success that characterize this island. The island itself appears harmless enough, yet it remains an indirect military threat to the world’s two most powerful nations: China and the US. At the heart of this threat is the question of Taiwan’s political status. Is it a sovereign nation in its own right or is it a part of mainland China? Taiwan believes it is sovereign and entitled to recognition as a sovereign state. China believes Taiwan is merely a renegade state and will eventually return to mainland China. The US is torn between foreign policies and relationships with both Taiwan and China and takes a rather ambiguous position. The result is decades of diplomatic wars between Taiwan and China with the US quite often caught in the middle. The purpose of this research study is to analyze and trace the origins and developments of Taiwan’s “peculiar and intriguing” circumstances and the consequences for world peace. This will require a detailed examination of the relations between Taiwan, China and the US and how foreign policy strategies and world politics have steered this triangle and the legal developments that have emerged. Certainly, conflict in the Middle East is a threat to world peace and security. However, no conflict or political impasse exists with the threat of war between the world’s two superpowers juxtaposed against one another as does the situation in the Taiwan Strait. A war between the US and China over Taiwan’s legal status may or may not happen. However, the mere prospect of such a war shapes and steers Taiwan’s domestic and international affairs. The focus on the colliding interests in and over the Taiwan Strait, automatically follow from the current status quo. For the second half of the 20th century each of the parties involved have gravitated toward largely incompatible goals. China takes the position that there is only one China and Taiwan is a part of China. Taiwan originally believed just as vociferously in the opposite contention and declared Taipei rather than Beijing as China’s legitimate capital. In recent years Taiwan has pursued autonomous status and international recognition. However, the greatest part of Taiwan’s population favors the status quo: rejecting independence and Chinese control all at once. The US is similarly positioned: acknowledging China’s one-China policy without expressing or demonstrating acceptance of it. Meanwhile the US has legally bound itself to providing military and economic assistance to Taiwan. These are the peculiar and intriguing circumstances surrounding the situation in Taiwan that motivate this study. / Denny Roy describes the current political situation in Taiwan as both “peculiar and intriguing.” Roy also uses the terms “beautiful” and “beleaguered” to define Taiwan. These oxymoronic terms are natural reactions to the political turmoil and the economic success that characterize this island. The island itself appears harmless enough, yet it remains an indirect military threat to the world’s two most powerful nations: China and the US. At the heart of this threat is the question of Taiwan’s political status. Is it a sovereign nation in its own right or is it a part of mainland China? Taiwan believes it is sovereign and entitled to recognition as a sovereign state. China believes Taiwan is merely a renegade state and will eventually return to mainland China. The US is torn between foreign policies and relationships with both Taiwan and China and takes a rather ambiguous position. The result is decades of diplomatic wars between Taiwan and China with the US quite often caught in the middle. The purpose of this research study is to analyze and trace the origins and developments of Taiwan’s “peculiar and intriguing” circumstances and the consequences for world peace. This will require a detailed examination of the relations between Taiwan, China and the US and how foreign policy strategies and world politics have steered this triangle and the legal developments that have emerged. Certainly, conflict in the Middle East is a threat to world peace and security. However, no conflict or political impasse exists with the threat of war between the world’s two superpowers juxtaposed against one another as does the situation in the Taiwan Strait. A war between the US and China over Taiwan’s legal status may or may not happen. However, the mere prospect of such a war shapes and steers Taiwan’s domestic and international affairs. The focus on the colliding interests in and over the Taiwan Strait, automatically follow from the current status quo. For the second half of the 20th century each of the parties involved have gravitated toward largely incompatible goals. China takes the position that there is only one China and Taiwan is a part of China. Taiwan originally believed just as vociferously in the opposite contention and declared Taipei rather than Beijing as China’s legitimate capital. In recent years Taiwan has pursued autonomous status and international recognition. However, the greatest part of Taiwan’s population favors the status quo: rejecting independence and Chinese control all at once. The US is similarly positioned: acknowledging China’s one-China policy without expressing or demonstrating acceptance of it. Meanwhile the US has legally bound itself to providing military and economic assistance to Taiwan. These are the peculiar and intriguing circumstances surrounding the situation in Taiwan that motivate this study.

This paper sets out from Taiwan and China’s overseas students’ numbers, countries and majors, and is aimed at the return situation and the contribution of overseas return students for further study and comparison. The research is of the opinion that because the rise of China and the reformed opening-up, the Chinese Government even places more importance on studying abroad students. Similarly, those students are even more patriotic feeling and sense of missions for their motherland. So they hope in the future they are able to return home after graduation to contribute what they had studied. Because of this, the China studying abroad students and overseas return students are increasing every year. In recent years, because Taiwan Institutes for enrollments have a substantial increase; thus, the number of Taiwan studying abroad students is far less than the number of China studying abroad students. Taking the international advanced technology, culture and management knowledge and experience back to their countries is the largest contribution to the study of education. Therefore, in the face of Taiwan students to choose to stay at home study, in fact, it will have a negative impact on Taiwan’s international competitiveness in the future. The research shows that if the number of Taiwanese studying abroad remains in the doldrums, then, the cultivation of international talents of Taiwan might occurred the fault.

University of Macau / Faculty of Education

University of Macau / Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences

1980、90年代是台灣原住民族自覺的關鍵，亦是台灣「民族化」運動的開端。長達20年的時間脈絡下，台灣原住民族知識份子藉著政策反思而批判時政；控訴社會歧視而喚起民族運動；為維護山林生態而力抗強權；更為延續民族文化而重現主體。如此的發展明顯呈現出「第四世界」原住民族的自覺意識。 本論文試著透過「民族自覺」的代表性素材—「民族文學」，結合國家發展政策演變與歷史演進之脈絡，以「國家政策—民族自覺—民族文學—民族運動」多層關係探討台灣原住民族的民族自覺脈絡、基本自覺模式、影響層面與自覺「實踐」強度等，並試圖建構其理論，進而分析台灣原住民族與其他民族相異同之處。 本論文章節安排除緒論與結論以外，共分為五章。第一章著重於研究素材之討論，定義與界定台灣原住民族的文學特色與創作風格。第二章探討「民族自覺」的背景因素，醞釀自覺之因，以及黨外運動所扮演的角色等。第三章分別就時代下的文學特色，探討民族權益自覺萌芽的諸面向與其脈絡，並試圖理出民族自覺的模式雛形。第四章著重探討民族文化、歷史、語言等權益還「原」的現象，分析此時自覺意識所代表之時代意義。第五章則分別理出「族語書寫文學」、女性覺醒意識以及重建部落等的主體復「原」意識，並針對此時自覺意識之發展論述其意義與特殊性。 本研究結果發現，台灣原住民族的民族自覺脈絡呈現出「社會反思」、「權益抗爭」、「根基還『原』」與「主體再現」四項過程。其模式包括「受刺激」、「事件反思」、「文字抒發」、「自覺實踐」與「自覺目的」此五項因素，彼此間不斷進行循環的發展。此外，自覺的位置可發現由城市逐漸移往部落，自覺的意識也由1980年代的個體（知識份子）自覺逐漸發展至1990年代以後的整體（原住民族）覺醒。至於，民族自覺的關鍵則是分析出與國府政策、政府回應、文學輿論、民族運動有關，其中國家政策扮演刺激民族自覺出現之主因，而民族自覺則是化作帶動國家政策發展之源頭。本論文的主要研究貢獻在於為台灣原住民族自覺建構理論化之論述，並初步理出民族自覺的基本模式。

本文從日據時期殖民地媒體檢閱制度的要素，來觀察台灣左翼文學的發展，試圖對前行研究指出台灣左翼文學於發展歷史中所呈現的特點，作一補充性論述。首先，針對當時台灣檢閱制度來龍去脈和殖民地前期媒體實際概況的論述，我們可以看到，檢閱制度如何作為當時日本帝國殖民地特殊政策的一環，在媒體環節上發揮嚴苛於內地的箝制作用。這種影響不僅使得由殖民地台灣人自辦的刊物直至1920年才出現，而且能發展的空間在總督府密切關注下也一直相當有限。這種情況在1927年台灣政治運動的突破(分裂)局勢中獲得了轉機，一些具左翼色彩的刊物藉由「出版物」的合法型態取得發行機會，替台灣左翼文學打開了契機。但相對來說，檢閱制度因應著殖民地文化空氣的轉變，也提升了媒體檢閱工作的細膩度和專業度，其中特別是針對這個時期開始增加的中國輸入出版品。在檢閱制度下，原本這些期待能運用出版物合法型態來推動左翼思潮的刊物也一一面臨查禁停刊的命運，使得台灣左翼文學被迫走入一種最低程度的左翼文學類型。1931年日本侵略中國的局勢，進一步內縮了台灣的媒體空間，台灣左翼文學開始在文學領域中尋求與右翼文人的聯合，但這種聯合卻也曝露出路線不明確、或自我淡化左翼色彩來保住發言權的現象，左翼文學必須受限於種種掣肘，最終在1937年中日戰爭全面升級後再也無法堅持下去。

Talent management comprises an organization’s efforts to attract, select, develop and retain high-potential employees, as well as the identification of key positions in multinational companies (Stahl et al., 2012). Taiwanese talent management differs greatly compared to western practice based on the sociocultural difference between countries (Varma & Budhwar, 2013). Many dissimilarities in the HR practices between Taiwanese and western firms can be led back to the significant alteration of individualist and collectivist perspectives and characteristics. However, many talent management differences in Taiwan as opposed to Western countries can also be connected to Confucianism and to influences of Taiwanese culture – which is unique due to Taiwan’s democratic laissez-faire market economy mixed with a pinch of Chinese characteristics. For Western companies seeking FDI in Taiwan or planning to set up a subsidy it is crucial to form a deep understanding of these differences which is essential to the firm’s hiring success. This study focuses on exploring the differences between Taiwanese and Western Talent Management approaches and draws on deeper psychological research (MBTI) to analyze cultural and psychosomatic dissimilarities with regards to behavior.

Transmedia Storytelling is an often-discussed buzz word in entertainment circles, but currently there are very few cases of it in Taiwan’s television market. Furthermore, there is very little literature or research done addressing this field in a way that would enable would-be producers to design a transmedia production to meet their targets successfully. The aim of this study was to gather empirical data on how likely consumers of television programs in Taiwan are to interact with transmedia content for their preferred TV programs. This information should prove useful to producers to have a reference of what types of transmedia extensions to put time and money into and which platforms to target for maximum audience engagement. Additionally, any researchers that are interested in audience-side information on transmedia consumption and engagement in Taiwan should find this study of interest. This study employed the use of survey data and to generate some meaningful data about this topic. Now that the data has been gathered and analyzed, a clearer picture of audience engagement with possible transmedia productions in Taiwan has been shown.