隨著母乳哺育觀念的普及化，部份哺乳媽媽有多餘的奶水，希望有機會分享給他人，臺灣第一座母乳庫於2004年12月開幕以來至今已將近4 年，為使其早產兒能有源源不斷之捐贈母乳可享用，因此需靠這些捐乳媽媽能持續不斷的捐乳，故如何提升這些捐乳媽媽持續捐乳，這個議題值得深究。 本研究旨在了解捐乳媽媽捐乳動機、家庭支持及捐乳服務滿意情形，以質性研究之「半結構式深度訪談」方式，訪談12人。 本研究發現：一、助人行善，可積福報：捐乳媽媽的捐乳動機與是否為做善事行為有似乎有較大影響力。二、行有餘力，捐贈餘奶：家庭經濟好捐乳媽媽可專心哺餵母乳其泌乳量源源不絕，對於知識認知及教導的吸收度似乎會影響其執行率，更間接影響其再捐乳動機。親朋好友及網路訊息得到母乳庫可以捐乳可以引發捐乳媽媽捐乳動機。三、足夠訊息，引發動機：門診產檢及住院期間即作宣導可以增加捐乳量。四、親朋欽羨，激勵捐乳：家人對捐乳有正向看法並且捐乳活動全家能夠一起動起來，支持系統增強。五、宗教信仰支持助捐乳：宗教信念之支持，捐乳媽媽大都因有此概念更願意捐乳，分享愛給需要的寶寶。六、寶寶健康，泌乳量增：捐乳者的寶寶越健康似乎讓媽媽信心大增泌乳量持續增加會更願意捐乳。七、哺乳經驗，有助捐乳：第二胎、媽媽、姐妹有哺乳經驗者可支持捐乳媽媽捐乳。八、溫馨服務，以客為尊：捐乳媽媽對於捐乳服務很滿意，持續捐乳。九、捐乳時間，力求彈性：彈性開放時間讓上班族便利性增加，捐乳媽媽滿意覺得方便性是重要影響因素。十、捐乳滿意，推廣他人：服務滿意，更可讓捐乳媽媽有意願推廣他人來捐乳。 本研究根據提供以下建議：ㄧ、捐乳動機：增強宣導內容，以利捐乳：訊息宣導內容以幫助早產兒渡難關為主打主題再以助人行善幫自己寶寶積福報為理念，捐乳為舉手之勞更能夠有成就感；慎選對象，捐乳率高：宣導捐乳的對象首選社經地位高，經濟優渥學歷高之媽媽；訊息傳遞，產前開始：由門診產檢時或是在住院期間即作宣導。二、支持來源-家庭支持：家庭支持，組成團隊：母乳庫組成支持團體給予適時關心掌握捐乳家庭使之持續捐乳。三、捐乳服務滿意：親切服務，持續捐乳；增加車位，彈性時間：解決停車位的問題及開放彈性捐乳時間。 / With the popularization of the concept of breast-feeding, some nursing mothers with extra milk, and hope to have the opportunity to share to others, Taiwan's first breast milk bank opened in December 2004 has been nearly 4 years for it to have premature children steady flow of donated breast milk can enjoy, so be donated by the mother can breast milk continued to donate, how to improve these mothers continue to donate breast milk donation, the subject worth studying. This study was to donate breast milk donation mother, motivation, family support and service satisfaction donated milk cases to qualitative research "semi-structured interviews" approach, interviews 12. The study found that: first, to help others do good, be positive reward: milk donation mother's motives and whether the milk donated to charity behavior seems to have more influence. Second, any energy left, donated more than milk: milk donation families well breastfeeding mothers can concentrate on their milk yield inexhaustible knowledge of cognition and instruction for the degree of absorption seems to affect the rate of implementation, even indirectly affect donate another milk motivation. Friends and network information can be donated breast milk bank to donate breast milk can cause milk donation mother motivation. Third, sufficient information, cited Engine: hospital out-patient check-and that is to donate milk yield can increase public awareness. Fourth, gained the admiration of friends, encouraging milk donation: the family's donation has a positive view of milk and milk donation activities the whole family can work together to move, support system enhancement. Fifth, religious support to help to donate milk: religious beliefs, support, donor milk mother mostly due to the concept are more willing to donate milk to share love to the needs of the baby. 6, baby health, lactation increase in volume: donor milk more healthy baby who seems to have greatly increased the confidence of lactating mothers continued to increase the amount will be more willing to donate milk. 7, breastfeeding experience, help to donate milk: a second child, mother, sisters, can support other nursing mothers to donate milk to donate milk. 8, warm service, customer-oriented: to donate breast milk donation mother to a very satisfactory service, continuing to donate milk. 9, donated milk time, seek flexibility: flexible opening hours for the convenience of office workers increased milk donation mother satisfied that convenience is an important factor. 10, donated milk satisfaction, promote others: service satisfaction, but also the willingness to donate milk mothers to donate milk to promote others. This study offers the following suggestions: Your donations, milk motivation: increased content of propaganda, in order to facilitate donor milk: the message content of propaganda to help tide over the crisis in premature children to play the theme-based charity to help people help themselves and then the baby product reward for the idea of donation milk for the little things better to have a sense of achievement; carefully choose targets, high milk donation: the object of propaganda to donate milk the first choice of high social status, economic generous educated the mother; message delivery, prenatal start: from the clinic for check-ups or when during hospitalization or for advocacy. Second, sources of support - family support: family support, the composition of the team: the composition of breast milk library support group to donate milk to give timely concern to control the family continued to donate milk to make it. Third, donor milk service satisfaction: friendly service, continued to donate milk; increase in parking spaces, flexible time: to solve the problem of parking spaces and open flexible hours to donate milk.

隨著經濟狀況不景氣，失業率居高不下，社會治安日趨惡化。因此政府不斷進行各種維護治安、掃蕩犯罪組織專案工作，但從各種民意調查資料顯示，民眾對於政府在「治安」、「交通」施政滿意仍然未見上升。警察除了維持治安、疏導交通或處理一般民眾爭端，甚至還需要協助他單位執行公權力。在警力不足的情形下，往往必須犧牲家庭甚至個人身心健康，以貫徹治安使命。繁重的工作、身心健康及家庭生活難以兼顧，但並無相關配套鼓勵措施或者健全的福利制度，使得員警在工作崗位上負擔極大的壓力。部分員警家庭因此破碎，或鋌而走險、甚有自戕及從事違法犯紀之行為，造成警察形象為民眾所詬病的原因。 研究者自警察大學畢業迄今，已從事警察領導職務多年，經常接觸基層執行勤務員警。由於警察任務性質屬於全時及經常處於高度壓力的狀況下，相對地造成員警對於自己所從事的工作，有相當不同的工作意向。尤其警察工作經常於深夜服勤，生活方式日夜顛倒，與家人共處時間短暫，工作上面又臨績效壓力。在此種品質不佳的生活與工作條件下，家庭問題及婚姻生活與工作特性對於員警工作意向影響極大。 為瞭解員警治安意向、職場與家庭意識，本研究採問卷調查法針對治安、職場與家庭三大項目，調查ㄧ三六題次的問題，以確認受試者認為作好哪一項措施，對於治安之維護有重大影響力以及對該項措施的滿意程度。並在進行問卷調查後，再針對所得資料處裡，採取「理想型」之建構模式，進行質化分析。即以多元方法交叉檢視，採取「主─輔設計」方式，以質化的研究為主，以量化方式作為輔助之功能。 本研究發現如下： 壹、治安意向方面：其原因不外為重案緩判，影響治安（本研究發現員警認為法官對於飛車搶案量刑寬鬆，交保容易，再犯率偏高，使警方疲於奔命）；層級偏低，受制於人（警察組織層級偏低未能發揮整體治安決策及協調整合之功能）；升遷無望，難有鬥志（基層員警未能循序晉升至巡官以上職務，因升遷無望，喪失鬥志）；警力不足，裝備破舊（基層警力配置失衡，難以因應民眾需求，警察素質未能有效提升，難以發揮應有效能）；疊床架屋，浪費資源（受理案件表格無法有效整合、簡化。程序繁雜，文書未能有效數位化）；設計不良，品質低落（績效掛帥取向，只管移送不問起訴，案件草草移送，偵辦品質低落）。 貳、職場意識方面：其原因不外為超時工作，休息不足（職務代理制度未能有效落實）；關說干擾，升遷難平（升遷的公平性遭質疑，關說情形的存在，人事主導權遭侵蝕，影響升遷公平）；主管好惡，勞逸不均（往往有工作能力者承辦繁重之業務，資歷較深者承辦功奬多之業務等不公平現象）；工作不滿，投訴無門（大多認為長官會官官相護，將大事化小、小事化無，且對申訴處理人員欠缺信任）。 參、家庭意識方面：其原因不外為工作繁忙，身心俱疲（員警多半因勤務時間過長，休息時間不足）；勤休不定，難得相處（員警認為休假未能正常，不利夫妻溝通，影響家庭和諧）。 本研究建議如下： 其歸結之重點不外為適時修法，速審速決（建議對於該等案件速審速 決，提高交保的條件，從嚴量刑）；提高位階，預算獨立（建議提高 警政署位階，有效整合資源並將預算回歸中央統一編列）；增加警 力，提升裝備（建議增加警力，適當配置至基層單位服務並注重素質 控管）；減少文書、業務，縮短工時（推行E化作業，建構無紙辦公 環境以提高工作效率與效能）；改善評比，檢討績效（減少各項專案， 避免影響正常勤務運作，造成員警彈性疲乏）；升遷公開，勞逸平均 （升遷公開透明，競爭公平，擇優遴選）；建立核心，業務明確（確 立「治安、交通、為民服務」為警察工作核心並致力於主管業務，摒 除協辦業務）；暢通員警申訴管道（定期舉辦員警座談會，傾聽員 警心聲，秉持公平公正，嚴禁秋後算帳）；加強溝通，和樂相處（建 議員警同仁勤餘、休假，多與家人相處，唯有和樂的家庭是專心工作 的基礎）。 / In the advent of economic downturn, in addition to employment rate staying high, maintaining the law and order for the society is getting worse daily. Therefore, the government has been consistently in proceeding to various measures of protecting the law and order as well as conducting projects in fighting back the crime organization. Nevertheless, from various polls indicated that the general populace views on the governmental efforts in “law and order” and “traffic” categories, still remained to be low and needed to be enhanced as result. The police force, no matter whether in maintaining law and order, directing traffic or processing the resolution of disputes for the general public, may need to go out of its way to assist other organizations in executing the authority from the mandate at large. Under the constant lack of police manpower, they must confront the choices of sacrificing the family life, even worse, personal health so as to protect the law and order as demanded. Work loads and personal well-beings in addition to family life are difficult to manage all at the same time. This is a given, still other encouragement measures without proper planning and supports or comprehensive welfare system, these would create tremendous strains on the police forces at work. Portions of the police force member are suffering family breakups, or go-out-on-the-limb, even committing suicides as well as conducting behaviors of breaking the law and order instead, these all are responsible of creating negative images to the general populace. This researcher has been involved with the leadership role at the basic level of police forces since college graduation, with experiences of frequent contact with local law and order enforcement personnel. Since the mission of police force can be attributed as under constant high pressurized situations, relatively speaking, this caused significantly different job orientations for policeman when reviewing the jobs that they occupy. Especially for those police works that require serving throughout night, with upside down lifestyle to say the least, the short and precious moment sharing with the family in addition to facing the job performance stress from work, this is very demanding. As consequence, under conditions of lack of quality in both the lifestyle and work, family problems and marital lives in addition to work characteristics are casting great impacts on policeman in regards to the work preferences. Therefore, to understand the policeman orientation in maintaining law and order, job environment and family consciousness, this research adopted survey query method in regards to law and order, job environment and family as three main items, as well as surveying the 136 questions in the questionnaire, so as to confirm that the recognitions from the persons under survey in regards to which measurement must be carried out as intended, and this measurement does carry great weight in maintaining the law and order in addition to the satisfaction levels for this very specific measurement. Moreover, after the survey is conducted, this research focused on the datum gathered and processed these datum with adopting the constructs of “ideal type” to proceed further qualitative analyses. Then it is inspected and reviewed in crisscross fashion through multi-variable methods, and adopted “Primary-secondary design” approach which is primarily relied upon the qualitative research and supplemented with quantitative approaches as the secondary. The findings of this research are as follow: 1. The aspects of law and order intention: The main causes are more or less centered at the area of slow court process as well as prosecuting the major crimes, which heavily impact the law and order (This research findings indicated that, the policeman acknowledged the judge would sentence the motorcyclist robbing the pedestrians with the least sentencing possible, in addition to easy suspect bailout with crime recommitting rate relatively high. These are all frustrating the policemen in suspect arrests.) Policemen are at the low level status in the organization, and constantly under the constraints imposed by others. (The policeman organization level is rather low in the overall organization chart, and this results with unable to perform the functions of carrying out the law and order policies in addition to coordinating with other departments in integration efforts.) Hopeless in getting promoted, difficult in obtaining the fighting will. (The local policemen can not be promoted through rank and files as high as the patrolling officer. Since it is hopeless in promotion, therefore they all are lack of fighting will as result.); Lack of police manpower, outdated equipments and supplies(The manpower deployment at local level of police force is out of balance, it is difficult to meet the general populace demand, in addition, the police quality can not be effectively enhanced so as to perform as demanded); Overlapping in the sense of organization, waste of resources(Can not effectively integrate, simplify the forms for filing cases. Complex and redundant procedures, the paperwork can not be effectively converted into digital format.); Poor design with low quality demand (Performance driven in a worst sense, only transferring the apprehended and not caring about the prosecution probability. The caseloads are rated as finished when the transferred were processed with low quality in police detection. ) 2. In the aspects of job environment consciousness: And the causes are no exception, like overwork, lack of rest. (The substitute staff system has not been effectively implemented as desired.) Outside interference in human resource decision caused upheavals (The fairness of promotion was questioned, the outside interference still existed. The human resource leadership has been eroded as such which impacted the fairness in promotion); Preferences from the superiors caused unfair assignments. (Often is the case that those with capabilities would have assigned with heavier responsibilities in operation, those with more experience and seniority would be assigned with tasks with more awards and recognitions. These are the phenomenon of unfairness. ); When unsatisfied with the job, there is no channel to vent the frustration of dissatisfaction.(Majority of the superiors would protect themselves which entails with minimizing the effect of not-doing-anything at all. In addition, they do not trust those who processed the petitions.) 3. In the aspect of family consciousness: The causes are almost belonged to heavy work loads, both the mind and body suffer. (The policemen are almost all work too hard with long hours and lack of adequate rest); Irregular work and vacation schedules, it is difficult to get along. (Policemen all acknowledged that, irregular vacation schedule caused husband and wife not be able to communicate, and impacting the harmony of the family.) This research recommends as follow: The summarized focal points can be law and regulation amendments, speedy trials and sentencing.(Recommending the speedy trial and sentencing for these cases, in addition to raise the bailout conditions with heavier sentencing.); Raise the level of status with independent budgeting.(Recommending raise the level of National Police Agency and effectively consolidate the resources in addition to budgeting fallback to central government jurisdiction); Increase police force strength, enhance and upgrade equipments and supplies(Recommending the increase of police force with adequately dispositions down to the local level units in addition to focus on the quality control); Cut down the paperwork, operations with shorter work hours.(Promote ○e operations, construct no-paper work environment so as to elevate work efficiency and effectiveness); Enhance items being criticized and review performance afterwards(Cut down each and every project work load to prevent impact to normal operation which entails with policemen overwork );Bring visibility to promotion and equalize work assignments(Since the promotion has visibility and transparency, the competition would be fair with the best qualified personnel chosen as result);Establish core values with specific operation assignment (Reaffirm “law and order, traffic and serve the people” as the cores for police work in addition to dedication to jurisdiction operations and stopping coordinated operations); Smooth the channels for dissatisfaction petitioning(Conduct scheduled forums for policemen, listen to their concerns with fairness and justice. Absolutely no payback action is allowed.); Enhance communications with pleasant getting-along. (Recommending the policemen spending more time with the family during off hours and vacations. Only the happy and pleasant family life can be the cornerstone for work dedication. )。

本研究目的係為探討新移民母親參與親子共讀團體後，其在自我認同、親子關係，以及對家庭關係上之變化。本研究採質性為主，量化為輔的方法。質性研究以深度訪談和參與觀察方式；量化研究以前-後測之親子共讀問卷瞭解新移民母親在分數上的變化。九位受訪者以立意和滾雪球抽樣取得。主要研究結果如下： 在「原生家庭對新移民女性在教養子女的影響」方面：新移民女性作為孩子的主要照顧者，並非為全職家務工作者，且新移民女性與台灣先生、夫家和原生娘家的相處情形，會受到原生家庭中母親與父親及上一代公婆、娘家的互動模式影響；在「自我認同的轉變」方面：新移民女性渴望得到來自夫家或社會的認同，因此，她們對於養育或管教子女的自我要求極為嚴苛，孩子的成就代表她們人生的成功。並用真誠信任且開放的態度去面對團體中的領導者、協同領導者和其他團體成員時，其越能得到較多的社會支持與正向感受；在「提昇親子關係」方面，從質化與量化加以說明：質化方面：當新移民親子溝通和互動關係變好，在教養上就會順利許多。量化方面：研究採個人之自我分數對照方式，深入瞭解每位受訪者的改變。在「家庭關係和諧」方面：先生非常支持太太上課學習，並願意建立有效夫妻溝通模式，此也影響新移民女性跟夫家和娘家的互動關係。 最後，針對新移民女性及家庭的需求對實務工作、服務體系及未來研究等三方面提出相關建議，作為未來實務工作、政策制定以及研究之參考。 / Abstract The research discusses the change of self-recognition, parent-child relationship, and family relationship after new immigrant mothers join in the parent-child reading group. This qualitative research, deep interview and observation, is assisted with quantitative method, pre- and post- test parent-child reading questionnaire to understand the score changing of new immigrant mothers. 9 respondents were selected from judgment and snowball sampling. The main results are as follows: In the aspect of “the influence of original family on the new immigrant female when raising child”: new immigrant female is the main care taker of the child, not full time house chores doer. Also, the living situation of the new immigrant female with their husband, in-laws, and original family is affected by the interaction between their parents from the original family and the in-laws and the original family of last generation. In the aspect of “the changing of self-recognition”: new immigrant female long for recognition from the husband’s family or the society. Therefore, they are hard on themselves in raising or disciplining the child. The achievement of the child is their life success. When they face the leader, the co-leader, and other group members with sincere, trust, and open attitude, they can have more positive social support and feeling. We explain the aspect of “increasing parent-child relationship” qualitatively and quantitatively. In qualitatively, when the communication and interaction between the parent and child of the new immigrant is better, the raising and teaching will be smoother. In quantitatively, the research contrast personal scores and deeply understand the changing of each respondent. In the aspect of “family harmony”: the husband supports the wife to learn and is willing to build effectively couple communication model, which has also influence the interaction of the new immigrant female with the in-laws and the original family. Finally, we propose related suggestions on the need of the new immigrant female and the family in the aspects of practical works, service system, and future research as the reference for future practical work, policy stipulation, and research.

政黨認同是影響選民行為的重要變數，對於選民的投票決擇深具解釋力。家庭的政治社會化是子女習得政黨認同最初的管道，然而隨著子女年歲漸長，子女本身的政治態度可能逐漸削弱家庭的影響力，尤以甫屆投票年齡的「首投族」最易改變其認同。大學生恰為20 歲「首投族」的年齡層，研究其政黨認同對於政黨的政治版圖和選舉成敗皆有其重要性。因此，本研究試圖藉由大學生四年間的定群追蹤資料，探討大學生政黨認同在成年前後是持續穩定抑或發生變化？父母政黨認同與大學生的施政滿意度對其政黨認同又有何影響？ 　　研究發現，在2004年至2008年的各波訪問之間，政黨認同維持穩定者佔多數，有逾七成的大學生保持一致，而改變政黨認同的兩成大學生中，大多朝向泛藍移動，但泛藍認同者的增長主要是從中立者流入，泛綠認同者的流失則是向中立轉移，在藍綠兩極端之間轉移者並不多見。 　　進一步探究父母政黨認同與大學生施政滿意度的影響，則發現父母雙方的政黨認同是否一致，以及家庭的政黨色彩深淺，對於大學生的政黨認同傾向甚或改變與否，皆有不同程度的影響。若在政黨色彩愈濃厚的同質性家庭，大學生子女最易與父母政黨認同一致，也愈有可能成為穩定的政黨認同者；若為無特定政黨色彩的父母中立家庭，子女不但較有可能改變政黨認同，也很難持續認同某個政黨。另一方面，施政滿意度愈高的大學生，愈有可能認同執政的泛綠政黨，也愈有可能成為穩定的泛綠認同者，反之亦然。最後，本研究將父母政黨認同、大學生施政滿意度與其他變數一併放入模型時，兩者對大學生的政黨認同變化仍有顯著的影響，顯示家庭政治社會化與大學生自身的政治態度均為影響政黨認同持續與變遷的重要變數，政黨認同的形成不只是先天習得，亦可能為後天因素所改變。

本研究利用華人家庭動態資料庫（PSFD）分別於1999、2000及2003年針對台灣家庭所執行之第一波調查資料，探討台灣地區成年人家庭背景與手足結構對其教育、起薪及多年後工作收入的影響。由於過去台灣文獻探討有關家庭背景與手足結構對個人的影響時，大部分僅探討其對子女教育成就的影響，或是藉由家庭背景對個人教育成就的影響，探討教育報酬之高低，而非探討家庭背景對個人收入的影響。與過去文獻不同的是，本文除了探討家庭背景與手足結構對個人教育成就之影響力外，我們另外加入個人起薪及多年後的工作收入為研究對象，藉由將個人生命週期時間拉長，觀察家庭背景與手足結構變數隨著時間經過，對個人的影響是否有所不同。 對個人教育成就而言，我們發現家庭資源多寡主要受家庭背景變數所決定，手足人數越多，雖然會彼此競爭資源，不利個人取得較高的教育成就，但當手足互助激勵效果大於資源競爭效果，手足的存在可能反而對其教育成就的取得存在正向幫助。對個人起薪而言，家庭資源多寡仍為重要影響因素，但家庭背景變數的影響力已逐漸減弱，手足結構變數則決定個人在家庭資源的競爭上是否存在優勢，競爭失利者將提早離開學校進入職場，起薪相對較低。由於擁有支撐家庭經濟的能力及相同性別的威脅，我們發現女性擁有年齡差距大的妹妹對其起薪存在顯著負影響；男性則基於資源競爭效果，有年齡相近的姊姊對其起薪存在正向影響，有年齡相近的弟弟則對其起薪存在負向影響。 但隨著時間經過，個人工作收入不再受家庭資源多寡影響，家庭背景變數對個人收入的影響力幾乎皆不顯著，原本因手足人數眾多，而需互相競爭家庭資源的情況也不復存在，反而是在成長過程中透過手足互動所形成的個人特質，可能是在多年後手足結構變數仍對其工作收入存在影響性之原因。擁有年齡相近弟妹的兄姊，除了手足情感及互動關係較密切外，在成長過程中由於常被父母要求作弟妹榜樣及擔任弟妹的照顧者，可能因此形成習慣照顧別人，自我要求較高的個人特質，本文發現女性擁有年齡相近的弟妹對其收入存在正向影響，男性擁有年齡相近的妹妹對其存在正向影響；另外，由於哥哥一旦進入職場工作後，自然便成為家庭資源提供者，身為弟妹者可能因此較不需為家庭經濟狀況擔心，本文發現女性擁有年齡差距大的哥哥對其工作收入存在負向影響，男性則因有年齡相近哥哥對其存在負向影響。 雖然教育年數、起薪與多年後的工作收入皆可當作個人成就衡量標的，但從模型的結果來看，可發現其成因與影響方式並不盡相同，若僅用個人教育年數來衡量其未來成就，可能因而忽略家庭背景及手足結構對個人未來更長遠的影響。 再者，擁有高學歷並不代表能在職場上有好的表現，故納入不同時期的工作收入為衡量個人成就的另一指標，應可彌補單以教育程度來衡量的不足。 / This thesis investigates impacts of family background and sibling structure on the future achievement of individuals by the first wave of the Panel Study of Family Dynamics (PSFD) survey conducted in 1999, 2000, and 2003. We find that family resources determined by parents play an important role on children’s future achievement measured by educational attainment, initial earnings, and current earnings. However, the importance of family background decreases gradually. For example, family background has relatively few effects on individual’s current earnings. On the other hand, sibling structure has persistent impacts on individuals because family resources each child gets decrease with the number of siblings and sibling structures determine how children compete for family resources. We also find that the impacts of sibling structure on current earnings may be due to the personal characteristics built by sibling interactions. Though educational attainments, initial earnings, and current earnings can be measurements of future achievements, most studies in Taiwan only investigate how educational attainments are affected by family background and sibling structures. The thesis can shed some new light on the impacts of family background and sibling structures on initial earnings and current earnings.

国立情報学研究所で電子化したコンテンツを使用している。

本研究從我是不是一個好社工的自我懷疑開始，以自我敘事為研究取向，探索：（一）社會工作教育如何建構好社工的樣貌？（二）在家庭經驗和社會工作教育的交織下，我成為了一個什麼樣的社工？（三）如何安放我對好社工的焦慮，找到解放自己的可能性？ 透過閱讀、對話與書寫，梳理過去作用在我身上主流的「專業」社工框架，那些對於好的想像，小心翼翼的姿態，一步步抽絲剝繭，如撥雲見霧般看見整體的樣貌，那些小心翼翼源自於自己在原生家庭裡求生存的姿態，在看懂自己身上所烙印對於好的印記後，我開始試著正視它，並直接回到家庭現場面對它，進而面對自己、接納自己的樣貌，讓那些過往為我助人工作的養分，並試著在助人樣貌裡，漸漸展露出自己，成為「我」的特色，而，這也是我所追求一個好社工的樣貌。 / This thesis starts from my self-doubt – Was I a stereotypically good social worker? By means of self-narrative, I will explore: 1st : How our social work education constructs the image of a good social worker? 2nd : What kind of a social worker I have become under the influence of my family experience and the social work educational system? 3rd : How can I release my anxiety of being a good social worker and find out the possibility to unchain myself? Through reading, conversation, and writing, I wish to understand how the mainstream stereotype of a professional social work makes impact on me to see the whole picture of my social worker career. After progressively going over my family circumstances back in the days when I was young, I try to face it, and accept who I am now. Hopefully, these past experiences can be beneficial to let me be my true self while helping others, which is my ultimate goal for being a self-defined good social worker.

兒童的依附品質就如同樹木的根基和莖葉，是身心健全成長的關鍵；然而，並非每一個家庭皆能滿足兒童的依附需求，特別是當家庭遭逢風險事件。本研究旨在探究高風險家庭中兒童之依附品質。 研究目的有三項，包含探究高風險家庭中兒童與主要照顧者之依附品質；風險因子對兒童依附關係所產生的衝擊；社會工作者（以下簡稱社工）對於兒童依附關係修復之處遇方式。本研究採質性研究之深度訪談法，訪談主體為社工，係以臺北市五間高風險家庭承辦單位之督導與社工為選樣對象，一共徵得二位督導、七位社工同意受訪。研究結果茲分為四面向，敘述如下： 一、高風險家庭兒童的依附對象多元，兒童除透過主要照顧者獲得依附滿足外，亦會向他人尋求情感連結。其中，兒童的依附行為包含正向的、矛盾的，以及負向的依附行為。 二、本研究參考相關文獻，以「照顧品質」、「信任關係」、「溝通品質」、「親疏遠近」四面向為主軸以探究兒童的依附品質。研究結果顯示風險因子會直接或間接地影響兒童的依附品質；其中，風險因子對「照顧品質」、「親疏遠近」的衝擊最大。 三、風險因子可能為不安全依附的預兆。本研究結果顯示家庭中經濟困難、婚姻關係不佳與物質濫用等風險因子，對兒童的依附發展有很大的衝擊。 四、高風險家庭社工對於兒童依附關係的修復，除透過直接服務外，社工亦會尋求替代性資源作為兒童的安全堡壘，以修復其依附關係。 最後，本研究亦針對高風險家庭兒童的依附修復策略和未來研究方向提出相關建議，以作為未來實務工作和更進一步研究之參考。 / The attachment quality of children is like the roots and leaves of tree, which is the key to complete well-being and optimal development of children. However, it is unfortunate that not every family can satisfy the attachment need of children, especially when one is struck by risk events. The research focus on children attachment quality in high-risk families. The three purposes of the research are as follows: analyzing the attachment quality between children and primary caregiver in high-risk families; probing into the impact incurred from the risk factors to the children attachment; exploring the practical intervention of the social workers adopted to fix the children attachment. The study conducted the method of qualitative research, utilizing in-depth interview to the social workers. The research recruited two supervisors and seven social workers from the five agents of high-risk families in Taipei City. The results of the research can be presented in the four following prospects. 1.The attachment figure of children in high-risk families can be diversified. They might seek affectional bond from people other than primary caregivers for their special family background. To find the attachment satisfaction, their attachment behaviors might include positive attachment behavior, ambivalent attachment behavior, and negative attachment behavior. 2.The research referred to related literature and established four prospects, "Care Giving Quality", "Trust Relationship", "Communication Quality", and "Intimacy Nurturing" to explore the children attachment quality. The results point out that the risk factors might influence the children attachment quality directly or indirectly. Among all of prospects, the risk factors can cause greatest influence to "Care Giving Quality" and "Intimacy Nurturing". 3.The appearance of risk factors might cause the insecure attachment. Especially economic difficult, crisis in marriage, and substance abuse can greatly influence the children attachment quality. 4.Social workers can provide direct services or seek alternative resources as secure base to fix the children attachment in high-risk families. Lastly, the research proposes attachment fix strategies for children in high-risk families and points out the potentialities of the topic, hoping the results of the research may enrich the related understanding and serve as a reference for practical fieldwork and future studies.

「未成年子女會面交往服務」乃是透過社工人員協助，在確保安全之前提下提供高衝突家庭親子會面。本研究旨探討家暴相對人進入未成年子女會面交往服務後，接受服務的經驗及改變內涵，並分析其中影響相對人改變之因素。本研究運用質性研究深度訪談法，採用半結構式訪談大綱，訪談了五位參與服務之家暴相對人及四位社工。運用主題分析法進行資料之分析，研究結果如下： 1.接受服務之經驗：相對人明確指出了會面服務的助益及社工協助的重要性，正向經驗的累積成為循環；負向經驗來自會面中的挫折，也看見相對人面對家暴指控及社工預設立場的掙扎與無奈。 2.家暴相對人的改變內涵：相對人自述的改變包含人際互動、復原力、自我成長及親子互動的提升；社工則觀察到親子關係提升、與同住方關係提昇、專業關係提昇、自我成長等改變內涵。子女和同住方也因會面而受益。 3.影響改變之因素：影響因素可分為兩大類：促進改變與阻礙改變。分析相對人訪談資料，促進因素為社工專業關係及維繫親情的動力；阻礙因素為聚焦於衝突及怨懟、父母雙方衝突及司法訴訟。社工則認為促進因素為社工專業關係、維繫親情的動力、相對人狀態的改變及支持資源；阻礙因素為過度聚焦於負面想法、同住方的阻礙、司法訴訟及自身侷限。 研究結果證實會面服務有助於相對人同理心及親子關係的促進且利於復原力的發展，形成正向循環。維繫親情的情感連結及身為父母的責任感是激發改變的基礎，社工的工作技巧運用在改變過程中佔有一定的影響力。過度聚焦於衝突及怨懟則阻礙改變動力的形成。最後，研究者依據本研究之結果提出實務與政策上之建議。 / The Supervised Visitation Program (SVP) provides parent-child meetings for high-conflict families with social workers’ help to ensure safety on the premises. This study addressed batterers’ experiences with SVP services and the changes they experienced because of the SVP services through an analysis of the factors that influenced those changes. In-depth qualitative interviews with five batterers and four social workers involved in SVP were conducted using a semi-structured interview schedule. This study analyzed the interview data in a thematic analysis. The research findings are summarized as follows. 1.Experiences receiving the SVP services. The batterers explicitly pointed out the helpfulness of the SVP services and the importance of the social workers’ assistance. Positive experiences were cyclically accumulated. The negative experiences were accumulated from the sense of frustration present during the meetings and their psychological struggles and helplessness related to the accusations of domestic violence and the perspectives and opinions of the social workers. 2.Changes experienced by the batterers: The batterers stated that the changes they experienced included improved interpersonal interactions, ability to recuperate, personal growth, and parent-child interactions. The changes observed by the social workers included the batterers’ personal growth and improvements in parent-child relationships, relationship with roommates, and professional relationships. The batterers’ children and roommates also benefited from the SVP. 3.Factors that influenced the changes: The influencing factors were classified as promotive factors or obstructive factors. The analysis of the batterer interview data found that the promotive factors included the social workers’ professionalism and motivational influences on maintaining family affections. The obstructive factors included overemphasis on conflicts and resentments, inter-parental conflicts, and judicial litigations. In the social workers’ opinions, the promotive factors included the social workers’ professionalism, their motivational influences on maintaining family affections, changes to the batterers’ states, and their supportive resources; the obstructive factors included excessive negativity, obstructions by roommates, judicial litigations, and the batterers’ personal limitations. The results found that SVP was beneficial for promoting the batterers’ sense of empathy, parent-child relationships, and for developing the ability to recuperate, thus creating a positive cycle. Family affections and a sense of parental responsibility were the basis of stimulating the batterers’ changes, and the social workers’ professional expertise exerted an influence on the process of the changes. In contrast, overemphasis on conflicts and resentments obstructed the formation of motivational influences for change. Suggestions for practice and policy are presented based on the study’s results.

隨著智慧家庭技術及物聯網的裝置大幅度地成長，智慧家庭的網路流量亦隨之升高。當大量成長的智慧家庭流量造成網路壅塞時，可能使緊急服務的警告機制失效，或是造成某些應用服務品質低劣而不堪使用。這些問題恐阻礙智慧家庭未來的發展性。 為改善上述問題，本文提出創新的物聯網智慧家庭頻寬配置管理架構。以ISP業者管理數以千計的物聯網智慧家庭為情境，針對智慧家庭多樣化的應用服務，利用具前瞻性的軟體定義網路，提供ISP業者對智慧家庭外部網路頻寬做最佳化的配置。 本研究依改良後的3GPP LTE QoS Class Identifier (QCI)，分類智慧家庭的服務，並考量服務的優先權及延遲程度，提出BASH演算法。透過本研究，ISP業者能依定義好的服務類別，將匯集後的智慧家庭服務流量藉由配置訊務流(traffic flow)的權重，計算出不同服務的最佳頻寬分配量，達到提升QoS及使用者QoE的目的。 為確認本論文所提出之方法的有效性，實驗設計是利用Linux伺服器架設OpenvSwitch、Ryu控制器及Mininet模擬器，建構SDN網路環境。實驗結果顯示，本研究所提出的BASH與ISP所用的傳統頻寬分配方法相比，能有效提高30%的throughput，降低159%的delay time及967%的 jitter time。 / With the increasing number of IoT (Internet of Things) devices and advance of smart home technology, the network traffic of smart home is also raising rapidly. When network congestion occurs due to massive traffic, some emergent alert mechanisms might become invalid or cause some application services performance degraded. All kinds of these will dramatically hamper the future development of smart homes. In order to resolve these problems, we propose an innovative bandwidth allocation smart home management framework for IoT enabled smart homes. The application scope of this research assumes a scenario that an ISP (Internet Service Provider) should support thousands of IoT enabled smart homes for a variety of services. The proposed bandwidth allocation framework is based on the promising software defined networking (SDN) architecture and is responsible for optimizing bandwidth allocation on external Internet traffic. We modify the 3GPP LTE QoS Class Identifier (QCI) to adaptive to the services suitable for smart homes. The proposed bandwidth allocation smart home (BASH) algorithm considers service priority and delay at the same time. With this framework, ISP is able to optimize bandwidth allocation by aggregating thousands of classified services of smart homes and thus effectively enhance Quality of Service (QoS) and user experience (QoE). In order to verify the proposed methods, we implement a SDN environment by using Linux Ubuntu servers with Mininet, Open vSwitch and Ryu controller. The experiment results show that BASH outperforms ISP traditional method in increasing the throughput by 30%, reducing delay and jitter by 159% and 967%, respectively.