應用於學習中的教學與學習原則，對於學習者的內在經驗感受影響甚大，因此，本研究旨在探討高中生的學習心流經驗，與建構取向學習以及幸福感間的關係；並進一步瞭解學習心流經驗與建構取向學習是否因科目不同而有所差異。 　　本研究以492 位高中學生為研究對象，研究工具包括：「個人生活感受量表」、研究者改編的「學習心流經驗量表」與研究者自編的「建構取向學習量表」。此外，本研究以因素分析、信度分析、t考驗、單因子變異數分析、皮爾森積差相關分析、典型相關分析、迴歸分析及共變數分析進行量表與研究假設的驗證。 　　研究結果顯示： 一、目前高中生在建構取向學習、學習心流經驗及幸福感上，皆呈現中等偏高的程度。 二、高中生學習心流經驗愈佳者，幸福感也愈高。 三、科目並非影響高中生學習心流經驗產生顯著差異的主要原因，建構取向學習才是。 四、建構取向學習愈常出現，高中生的學習心流經驗也愈佳。 　　為促使高中生學習心流經驗的提升，及增加運用建構取向原則於學習中，本研究根據上述研究結果，對高中教師提出幾點實務上之建議： (一)教師的角色－有效的協助者 (二)教師的態度－培養學生的自主性、耐心面對學習時的犯錯 (三)鼓勵師生、同儕間的互動 (四)增加教材、教法、評量、情境的多元性、善用校外資源 　　最後，並從研究議題、設計、對象及工具上等方面提出建議，作為後續研究之參考。

隨著網際網路的發展，許多商家紛紛將實體活動移至網路中，藉由網站平台提供服務。然而，網路環境變化快速，近年來Web2.0的概念興起，網路型態從單純讀取，逐漸成為開放與分享的平台，使用者從被動接受訊息的角色，轉換為內容主動提供者並且與之產生互動，許多互動性質強的實體活動，如KTV也漸漸移至網路上進行。在眾多互動性功能的網站中，如何吸引消費者繼續在該網站活動產生顧客忠誠度，即為當前重要的議題。因此本研究之目的在於探討Web 2.0網站環境中，「使用者感受之互動性、社會臨場感與心流程度之關係」、「產品涉入程度的干擾」，以及對「使用者信任態度、滿意度和忠誠度所產生的影響」。 本研究以實體活動中互動性質強的KTV活動為方向，選擇愛卡拉線上唱歌網站作為研究對象，歸納過去學者的理論架構(Bitner, 1990; Csikszentmihalyi,1975; Lin,2007; Luo,2002; Novak,1996; McKinney et al,2002; Short,1976; Monroe and Guiltinan,1975)，以及深入訪談之結果，提出一整合性架構。最後利用結構方程模式以及一般線性迴歸驗證本研究之假說。本研究結果發現: 1. 易用性、資訊系統品質以及感受到有用，三項網站服務品質子構念，對互動性及滿意度皆有正面的影響。其中，又以能夠符合消費者實際需求的「感受到有用」對其影響最大。 2. 互動性包含特性為主動控制、雙向溝通以及回應性，對社會臨場感以及心流皆有正面的影響，其中，又以雙向溝通最具解釋力。 3. 互動性以及社會臨場感皆對心流有正面的影響，其中，互動性必須透過心流影響使用者信任態度，進而影響其滿意度以及顧客忠誠度。 4. 產品涉入程度對心流有直接主效果的影響，且對社會臨場感與心流之間有強化作用。但對互動與心流之間的關係無強化的作用。 關鍵字：Web 2.0、互動性、社會臨場感、心流、產品涉入程度

本研究個案，乃處於電腦週邊產業環境巨變影響，持續成長失去動力，以及個案公司幾年前策略錯誤使成長停滯，陷入營運瓶頸，而個案公司在此環境前提下，如何運用豐富的資源要素，整合公司組織、能力、流程、資源以品牌及代工分進合擊，並在原個案公司獲利模式的組織架構下，研擬出七字訣的創新模式之成長策略，顧、能、組、流、通、資、利。 依環境條件目標前提下，資源發展應需要有創新模式： 1.對顧客的價值︰ 品牌經營(OBM)以顧客需求為價值流程的主軸及起始，結合客戶市場訊 息，規劃做法以Push及Pull雙向意見提供品牌產品滿足通路需求，以鞏 固市佔率，隨時掌握市場訊息以動態調整市場策略。 代工業務(OEM)，整合品牌及代工研發及產品資源，探索顧客需求承接委 託代工訂單，提供滿足客戶的價值主張。 2.自我核心能力︰ 檢視企業內部原已具備的核心能力，擴大發展相近產品線，使原有核心 能力藉由內部發展深耕技術，有利於個案公司持續成長。如未具備的核 心能力則以策略合作或合資方式取得，使核心技術由點的深耕形成面的 廣度擴大，才能在技術上居市場領先地位。 3.企業組織結構︰ 配合環境、條件、目標前提下，滿足客戶需求建構的企業組織。 4.企業核心流程︰ 強化原有自有品牌OBM核心流程，高度關聯性產品自行建構，委託代工 則以客戶及技術層面為策略成長方向。 5.通路調整管理︰ 品牌通路管理強化經銷商的關係服務並設立產品經理管理及回饋當地營 運訊息，委託代工則以建立客戶關係管理，以服務客戶需求為首要。 6.關鍵資源種類︰ 善用公司有形無形資源並擬定成熟及專業產品策略，採取散彈及集中策略 以提昇市佔率鞏固現有客戶，以符合快速成長目標。 7.獲利公式組合︰ 區分品牌及委託代工二種獲利模式，品牌以創新開發新產品以鞏固現有客 戶並有效管理確保利潤，委託代工則以生產品質、成本管控、建立客戶關 係管理，以人工效率為主要獲利來源。 關鍵字：品牌經營，核心能力，企業核心流程。 / This case study is in that computer peripherals industry is subjected to huge environmental changes to lose growth momentum, and the case company a few years ago of tactical errors, economic stagnation, into operational bottlenecks, and the case company in this environment under the premise of how to use the rich resources of elements, integration organization of the company, capacity, processes, resources, brand and OEM coordinated attack, and the organizational structure of the company's revenue model of the original case, to develop the seven innovative model of growth strategy: customer, core value, organization, process, channel, critical resource, profit formula. According to the target under the premise of environmental conditions, resource development should be the need for innovative models: 1.Value to the customer: Brand management (OBM) to customer demand for the spindle and the start of the value process, combined with market information, planning practice to provide two-way views of brand products to meet the pathway needs to consolidate market share, and keep abreast of market information to dynamically adjust the marketing strategy. OEM business, the integration of brand, ODM and product resources to explore customer needs to undertake commissioned OEM orders to meet customer value proposition. 2.Core competencies: View within the enterprise already have the core competencies to expand the development of similar product lines, so that the original core competencies through internal development of roots in technology, and is conducive to the case company continues to grow. If not have core competencies while strategic partnerships or joint ventures to acquire, the formation of the breadth of the surface to expand the core technology from the point of deep plowing, to be technically the market leader. 3.Organizational structure of enterprises: With the environment, conditions, and target under the premise of the construction business organizations to meet customer needs. 4.Core processes: OBM core processes to strengthen the existing own-brand products of high correlation self-constructed, commissioned a foundry while customer and technical aspects for the strategic direction of growth. 5.Product channel adjustment: Brand channel management to strengthen dealer relationships and the establishment of the management of the product manager and returned to the local operating messages, commissioned by the foundry while building customer relationship management, customer service needs paramount. 6.Types of critical resources: Use of tangible and intangible resources and the development of a mature and professional product strategy, decentralized and centralized strategy to enhance market share to consolidate existing customers to meet the rapid growth objectives. 7.Portfolio of profit formula: Distinguish between two kinds of the brand and contract manufacturing revenue model, the brand consolidate existing customers and effectively manage the development of innovative new products to ensure profits, commissioned by the foundry are produced quality, cost control, customer relationship management and labor efficiency as the main received profit source. Keywords: brand management, core competencies, core processes.

幸福、快樂的人生，自古以來是人類所努力追求的目標，心流經驗(flow experience)以內在動機為基礎，闡述了透過心流經驗的正向感受，提升個體自我成長與生活品質的途徑。本研究主要目的以心流理論為架構，來探討休閒中之心流經驗、休閒體驗與身心健康間的關係，並進一步瞭解不同休閒活動種類間的差異。 本研究整理國內外有關心流經驗的文獻，編製「休閒心流經驗量表」與「休閒體驗問卷」，並藉由「身心健康量表」以瞭解互相間之關係，採便利取樣方式，對不同產業之541位上班族群進行問卷調查。研究結果發現，休閒心流經驗、休閒體驗與身心健康之間，互相存在顯著正相關。而「一致好」休閒心流經驗組型在休閒體驗的表現上，均顯著高於「高估」與「一致差」組型，且在身心健康上亦顯著高於「一致差」組型；然「一致好」組型在身心健康之「不利健康之因應行為」表現上，卻顯著較「高估」與「一致差」組型差。 此外，研究亦顯示「一致好」休閒心流經驗組型所從事的休閒活動，均屬戶外活動、運動、藝文嗜好與益智類主動式休閒，「一致差」組型則較屬視聽與休憩社交類被動式休閒；而從事戶外活動、運動、藝文嗜好與益智類主動式休閒，在休閒心流經驗與休閒體驗上的表現，較從事視聽與休憩社交類被動式休閒來得好。 最後根據研究分析所得結果，本研究討論其意義，並對後續研究、上班族群與相關實務工作者，提出研究方向及建議。 / This study revised the flow state scale(Jackson & Marsh, 1996) and the description of the quality of experience(Csikszentmihalyi & LeFevre, 1989) as the scale of flow experience in leisure and leisure experience questionnaire, respectively, to understand the relationship of flow experience, leisure experience and mental-physical health in 541 adult workers from different organizations in Taiwan. Results showed that significant positive associations between flow experience and leisure experience, flow experience and mental-physical health, also, leisure experience and mental-physical health. The patterns of flow experience in leisure are found something different on leisure experience and mental- physical health. The congruence/good pattern is significantly better than congruence/poor pattern on leisure experience and mental-physical health; and the congruence/good pattern is also significantly better than over- estimate pattern on leisure experience. Nevertheless, the congruence/good pattern is significantly worse than over-estimate and congruence/poor patterns on harmful coping behaviors subscale. In addition, results also presented that those who are categorized into the congruence/good flow pattern tend to choose active leisure(eg., outdoor activities, physical activities, hobbies, and mental activities); reversely, those who are categorized into the congruence/poor pattern tend to choose passive leisure(eg., television-viewing and shopping). Moreover, those choosing active leisure are better than those choosing passive leisure on flow experience and leisure experience.

本研究以台灣北區的社區大學、國立空中大學、大學推廣教育三類學習者為研究對象，旨在探討三者於學術性課程上的「心流經驗」與「主動學習」是否有所差異，若有差異則可能的影響因素又為何？並分析心流經驗與主動學習兩變項間的關係。 本研究的樣本總數為729人，採用立意取樣，研究工具係參考前人改編之心流經驗與主動學習問卷一份，問卷中一併蒐集了關於三類學習者在機構中的學習經驗（包含：學習歷程的頻率、學習歷程的品質等），以期能夠在探討差異的同時，找出影響的可能原因。 資料分析方法採用了結構方程模型（SEM）以作為問卷之驗證性因素分析的方法，在確認了信效度後，以t考驗、單因子變異數分析、單因子多變量分析、共變數分析、積差相關、典型相關等統計方法輔助，以回答上述問題。主要結果發現： 一、「師生討論」、「同儕討論」、「做中學」、「田野調查」與「指導同儕」等學習歷程的頻率與心流經驗、主動學習皆有顯著正相關。 二、「互動品質」、「課程公共化」、「經驗學習」等學習歷程品質與心流和主動學習有顯著相關。 三、不同的「學習動機」會造成心流與主動學習的差異，當中以「取得學位」為動機的學習者之心流與主動學習較其他就讀動機者為弱。 四、三類機構在心流經驗與主動學習的差異依序是：社區大學 > 空中大學 >推廣教育。 五、主動學習中的「內在動機與熱情」是目前研究者發現三機構在心流經驗中差異的因素之一。 六、心流經驗中的「自發自足經驗」是目前研究者發現三機構在主動學習上有差異的因素之一。 七、心流經驗與主動學習兩者具有高度正相關。 / The purpose of this study is to compare community university, national open university and university extension education in northern Taiwan, which each refers to flow experience and active learning. This study is also attempted to investigate the possible factors among these organizations which may cause the differences. Another issue in this study is concerned with the relationship between flow experience and active learning. The data was collected from 729 adult learners by judgmental sampling, and the questionnaire was based upon a revised questionnaire concerning their flow experience, active learning, and learning experience (including the frequency of learning process and quality of learning process) in academic courses. The results of this study are as followings: 1. Flow experience and active learning were positive correlation with the frequency of learning process, which includs “teachers and students discussion ”, “peer-discussion”, “learning by doing”, “field work” and “peer-tutoring”. 2. Flow experience and active learning were positive correlation with the quality of learning process, which includs “quality of interaction”, “curriculum publication”, and “experiential learning”. 3. The different learning motivation affect the flow experience and active learning among learners in these three organizations, especially the learners who chose “learning for the academic degree” were averaged lower than others. 4. Comparing with three organizations about the flow experience and active learning performance: community university is better than national open university and university extension education. Moreover, the national open university is better than university extension education. 5. The“intrinsic motivation and passion” is one of the factors which affect flow experience. 6. The “autotelic experience” is one of the factors which affect active learning. 7. The flow experience is positive correlation with active learning.

本研究以日商在台子公司為個案，探討多國企業核心流程之動態演化與創新研究。分析個案子公司的演化與創新過程，本研究從子公司的組織、母子公司關係、子公司角色、以及其核心流程，發現以下五點： 一. 對子公司的組織管理，母公司運用彈性的管理導向，有助於發揮子公司資源與能力。 二、母公司與子公司互相依存的關係，得以讓母公司可善用地主國的優勢，提昇多國企業整體營運的績效；亦能減少多國企業管理上的困難，甚至有助於多國企業的創新速度。 三、子公司的領導統御的務實化與主動性，有助於專業化資源與能力的提高。透過角色的改變，可擴大國際職責的參與機會。 四、相對於各行其是的多國企業，具有整合執行能力的子公司，可以為多國企業創造價值，並成為知識流通的來源。 五、子公司的動態演化，有助於多國企業的當地知識來源及國際化的拓展。 / This thesis has used Japanese subsidiary in Taiwan as case to study the dynamic evolution and innovation through the core process of MNC. From the view point of the organization control of alleged subsidiary, relationship of parent-subsidiary, subsidiary role in MNC, and its core process of subsidiary, we conclude the major findings are： (1). For the purpose of organization management, Parent company of MNC has adopted the flexible managerial patterns to facilitate subsidiary’s capability and its resources accumulation. (2). Relationship between parent and its subsidiary is interdependence. This kind of relationship helps Parent company who can utilize the net ownership advantages of host country to increase the total operational performance of MNC. It also helps to reduce the management difficulty toward subsidiary of MNC and even helps to increase the speed of innovation. (3). Top management of subsidiary shows their management skill with realistic and takes initiative in helping subsidiary to increase its capability and resources. Through the change of charter or its strategic roles, subsidiary can expand its participation of international responsibility. (4). Compare with other MNCs, subsidiary which has the capability of global integration can generate value-creation activities for MNC. Subsidiary will become the source of knowledge flow for its parent company. (5). The core process of subsidiary with dynamic evolution provides MNC with domestic knowledge. This evolution also helps MNC in internationalization development.