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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

我國統一發票制度實施績效之研究 / A study of the performance of the uniform invoice system in Taiwan

葉柔佐, Yeh,Rou Cho Unknown Date (has links)
統一發票及查定課徵營業稅,原只是在會計制度未上軌道前,因時制宜的交易憑證及課稅方式,但目前卻是徵納雙方倚賴甚深的制度。觀諸世界上其他實施加值稅之國家,無統一發票制度,交易時僅開立憑證作為記帳及計算損益的依據,我國現今教育普及,公司行號在設立前,應可制定健全之會計制度,故宜就統一發票制度稽徵效率加以了解,以求租稅課徵回歸於公平與中立,使營業稅稽徵效率提升並增加租稅收入,因此本文認為我國統一發票制度實施績效的優劣變動情形,實有深入探討之必要。 依據1990至2008年度的稅收資料,利用消費效率比值及迴歸分析,本文發現:(一)我國統一發票制度之實施,對於促進消費者購物索取統一發票,發揮了消費大眾協助監督稅捐稽徵之功能,讓營業人誠實開立發票、報繳稅捐,顯見其對於營業稅收增長甚有幫助。(二)我國近年修法中僅1988年規定降低逃漏稅誘因,將買受人為非營業人者,應將銷項稅額,由銷售額外加改為銷售額內含,及統一發票給獎辦法經費由全年營業收入總額1%,提高至3%,大為激勵使用統一發票制度實施績效。(三)其餘修法多增加免稅項目及降低罰鍰倍數,少見增加營業稅基及降低逃漏稅誘因,破壞租稅公平原則及租稅中性原則。(四)自2002年度起,進口貨物由海關代徵營業稅,此部份代徵營業稅收計入國境稅中,國稅統計資料營業稅收降低,若加回海關代徵營業稅部分,就稅收整體而言,仍是降低逃漏稅機會,提升稽徵效率。
2

電子發票應用於企業對消費者(B2C)交易之研究

陳威豪 Unknown Date (has links)
我國實施統一發票制度至今已數十餘年,統一發票是目前世界各國上非常特有的制度,因為統一發票不僅是商業用的會計憑證、交易憑證,更是台灣稅務稽徵的主要依據,企業以此申報營業稅,同時稅捐稽徵機關也以此作為查核之依據。而電子發票制度是為因應電子商務之發展,提供營業人可利用個人電腦,透過網際網路傳輸統一發票資料給消費者之作業。許多國家業已積極展開電子發票之推動,以降低紙本發票作業對電子商務所衍生之障礙與交易成本。 本研究以說明台灣特有的統一發票制度為開始,了解統一發票相關知識。接著說明已推動數年的B2B電子發票應用及B2C電子發票應用於虛擬通路發展情況。由於統一發票印製數量統計資料顯示,大部份發票產生來源為便利超商、大賣場、百貨商圈、加油站等實體通路產生之發票,得知B2C實體通路之應用是未來電子發票推動之發展重點。 利用資訊科技達成的電子發票作業模式與傳統紙本發票大不相同,因此許多以往不存在的問題會日漸產生。因此本研究以政府推行新制度應以不改變消費者習慣、提供多元化選擇帶來便利與降低社會資源成本為優先考量之要素,分析現行B2C電子發票應用於實體通路之作業模式,分別探討B2C實體通路電子發票之註冊與歸戶、開立、索取、查詢、兌獎、領獎與捐贈等方面之不足之處並以本研究觀點提出建議。 由於電子發票為利用資訊科技達成的創新,本研究也利用創新擴散理論中基礎概念,幫助思考推動B2C電子發票應用於實體通路時所需注意事項及建議策略做法,使之能成功推廣至社會中而讓消費者接受使用以發揮最大效果。 推動B2C實體通路電子發票可蒐集並分析之以往紙本發票難以利用的龐大資料,本研究也提出未來建議之多方面應用,在不違反個人資料保護情況下發揮其最大效用,達成對政府、營業人及消費者多贏之功效。
3

公私協力關係- 以企業對消費者(B2C)電子發票為個案 / Public-Private Partnership-A Case Study of Business to Citizen E-Invoice in Taiwan

李東旭, Lee, Tung Hsu Unknown Date (has links)
電子發票自2000年推行以來,多為企業對企業的相關研究,幾乎沒有文獻從政府與企業在電子發票政策中合作的角度進行研究。因此本研究以政府在2010年底才推動的企業對消費者實體通路電子發票試辦作業為個案,並以公私協力關係的角度,針對政府與企業的相關人員進行個別深度訪談。首先了解企業加入電子發票試辦作業的原因,接著描繪出電子發票試辦作業中,政府與企業的互動情形;再者,找出政府與企業合作的困難,據以提出政策建議,做為政府日後推動公私協力政策之參考,最後歸納公私協力關係的條件,以驗證、補充或強化公私協力關係的文獻。 企業加入電子發票試辦作業的原因包含高階管理者的支持、成本降低、提升企業形象、資訊化程度高,導入障礙低、關係企業的引介與同業競爭等因素。企業在加入電子發票試辦作業後,與政府形成水平互補之互動模式。研究發現高階管理者的領導與支持、共同且清楚的目標、公開、互相尊重與信任、明確且完善的法律規範、持續溝通協商、公平合作與彈性、關注利害關係人、長期穩定關係等是有利政府與企業協力合作的因素;與文獻不同的是,監測績效這項因素對政府與企業合作順利與否影響並不大。另外對電子發票格式的認知差距、法令規章不完備、行政規則制定太慢、電子發票格式規定變動頻繁、政策規劃不周、資訊壟斷於大型企業、服務品質降低等因素則是政府與企業合作所碰到的困難,其中政策規劃不周導致電子發票格式規定變動頻繁是本研究在文獻以外之發現。 基於以上研究成果,本研究提出相關建議,首先,讓更多中小企業改用電子發票,亦必須注意跨機關間的合作與協調,方能讓電子發票的使用更為普及與順利;而政府在推動政策前應有完善的政策規劃,如果有經費委請顧問廠商,在遴選上須更加嚴謹,使資源更能有效運用。本研究認為後續研究者可以以中小企業為主體,甚至比較不同行業之企業採用電子發票的情形,亦可以朝電子發票其他利害關係人,像是社福團體、資訊服務業者以及稅務代理業者等著手;另外,探討政府機關間的合作或是從企業對政府電子發票的角度著手,俾能對電子發票有更全觀的了解。 / Since 2000, most research about e-invoice has focused on the topic of business to business (B2B). Just few studied in connection with the cooperation of government and business (G2B) in e-invoice policy. This thesis attempts to understand the process of business to citizen (B2C) e-invoice pilot operation, from the perspective of public-private partnership (PPP). The author adopts in-depth interviews with government and enterprise related personnel.The purpose is, first, to find out the reasons why the enterprises participate in e-invoice pilot operation. Second, the thesis describes G2B interaction in e-invoice pilot operation process; and then to find out the difficulties in G2B cooperation as well as policy suggestions. Finally, the thesis trys to conclude with conditions of PPP as well as its verification and improvement. Based on the empirical data, the reasons why the enterprises join e-invoice pilot operation include: the support from top manager, cost down, promotion of corporate image, high degree of computerization, recommendation from conglomerate and relative competitive advantage. The G2B cooperation is horizontal complementary interaction model. The findings discover eight benefical factors for PPPs including (1) the leadership and support from top managers, (2) shared goals, (3) transparent execution process and mutual respect and trust, (4) well and clear legislation and standard, (5) the lasting communication, (6) a fair collaborationship and elasticity, (7) understanding of stakeholders, (8) long-term and stable relationship. The difficulties in G2B cooperation include: (1) the different opinions of e-invoice format between government and business, (2) slow formulation of administrative direction, (3) the e-invoice format instability, (4) the incompleteness of policy planning, (5) the information monopoly by big enterprises, (6) the reduction of service quality. Based on the previous findings, this thesis recommends government to make more small and medium enterprises (SMEs) adopt e-invoice. The e-invoice authority should also pay attention to coordinate with other government organizations, to plan for public policy more solidly, and to pick and choose consulting business exactly. The author anticipates that follow-up research may focus on SMEs, with comparision of different enterprises that adopt e-invoice. More studies are suggested to involve public welfare groups, information service providers, and tax agents. The future studies may also discuss the cooperation between governments and for the perspective of business to government (B2G) e-invoice.
4

營業人加值型營業稅逃漏金額之決定因素—以內湖科學園區逃漏稅營業人為例 / Determinants of evasion amount of enterprises’ value-added Tax—Evidence from Taipei Nei-hu Science Park

王淑芳 Unknown Date (has links)
新制營業稅自1986年開始實施以來,就成為我國最重要的稅收來源之一。其課稅基礎主要係以銷售貨物或勞務行為的賣價超過買價之加值的部份加以課稅。以理論而言,因具有自動勾稽和自動追補的功用,所以逃漏稅應該不常發生。但實務上逃漏加值型營業稅的情形卻相當嚴重。稽徵機關如何以有限人力去防堵逃漏稅,特別是重大逃漏稅,為目前稽徵機關所需要努力的目標。 本研究蒐集自2003年至2010年,查獲內湖科學園區內非免予處罰之違章營業人實證資料,依據負責人性別、負責人是否為本國人、登記資本額、違章年度銷貨金額、違章年度進貨金額、加值率、有無欠稅紀錄、有無違章紀錄、有無代理人記帳、稅籍異動有無復業、是否採按月申報、是否為單一機構、稅籍資料是否異常及是否為連續留抵三期以上、營所稅採會計師簽證申報及2003年至2010年等23種變數,進行實證研究,希冀能夠增加稅捐稽徵機關更有效用的辦理查緝以及防堵相關重大逃漏稅之功效。 透過迴歸模型之實證方法,其結果發現稅籍異動有無為復業情形、稅籍資料為異常情事、是否採按月申報、加值率、欠稅紀錄、2007年及2008年等因素,具有相當之顯著水準,是造成內湖科學園區營業人逃漏加值型營業稅金額多寡的主要原因。
5

臺北市虛設行號販售統一發票金額之決定因素 / Determinants of uniform invoice sold by fictitious company in Taipei City

賈佐義 Unknown Date (has links)
新制營業稅自1986年開始實施以來,稅捐稽徵機關為防堵逃漏稅,維護租稅公平,除租稅宣導及鼓勵購物索取統一發票外,已投入大量的人力及相關資源去加強查緝,然而其中虛設行號販售統一發票金額所造成營業人惡意逃漏稅情形,卻始終不斷地被稅捐稽徵機關所查獲。除已嚴重侵蝕營業稅之稅基外,對於整個國家財政收入也產生了不利的影響。 本研究蒐集自2003年至2009年財政部臺北市國稅局所轄13個分局稽徵所中,經查獲營業登記設籍於臺北市,並由財政部臺北市國稅局刑事移送之營業人資料。依據營業地址設立是否登記於一類所、營業登記負責人性別、涉案期間、登記資本金額、有無退稅紀錄、有無欠稅紀錄、銷項筆數、進項金額、進項筆數、加值率、繳稅金額以及2003年至2009年等18種資料,進行實證研究,期盼能夠建立更有效用的預警選案模型,除能提供稽徵機關於查緝虛設行號外,亦能扼止營業人取得虛設行號所販售統一發票金額之惡意逃漏稅行徑。 透過迴歸模型之實證方法,其結果發現性別、涉案期間、銷項筆數、進項金額、加值率、繳稅金額與2009年等因素,具有相當之顯著水準,是造成臺北市虛設行號販售統一發票金額多或少的主要原因。
6

電子商務對於我國統一發票制度之影響 / The impact of E-commerce on the uniform invoice system in Taiwan

陳芬娟 Unknown Date (has links)
電子商務快速興起與普遍發展,商業交易方式有了很大的轉變,電子化使得資訊的傳遞既快速又低廉,對於企業處理帳務的方式也影響極深,尤其我國實施統一發票制度,雖然有效發揮交易憑證的作用,但紙本統一發票,一則營利事業開立使用上須耗費人力及時間,保存上佔據空間,二則大量使用紙張,更是觸及當今最熱門的環保節能議題。我國雖於2000年即展開企業對企業(B2B)電子發票應用的試辦,但使用的企業極少,直到2006年設置電子發票整合服務平台,開始大力推動電子發票,以期順應電子商務發展潮流,並達成無紙化及電子化之政策目標。復以,稅捐課徵業務向為政府施政之重點項目,而實施已久的統一發票制度的改進與革新,也成為稅務行政的重要課題之一。本研究藉由研究電子商務對於統一發票制度之影響,在統一發票制度簡化發票種類及電子化兩方面,提出幾點建議:一、全面檢討現行統一發票種類繁多之情形,考量發票種類整合的問題,不論採用何種方式開立,簡化成二聯式發票和三聯式發票即可。二、檢討相關稅法並配合電子簽章法,排除賣方開立電子發票之困境,以提昇電子發票使用率。三、B2C實體與非實體發展政策儘速整合,以符合企業「虛實整合」經營模式,並便利消費者兌獎。四、扶助加值服務中心及資訊服務業者發展,提供帳務憑證完全電子化的環境,政府可考慮給予專案補助或租稅優惠,創造三贏局面。
7

電子發票未來發展之研究

葉慧容 Unknown Date (has links)
財政部自2000年11月29日頒布「網際網路傳輸統一發票(簡稱電子發票)試辦作業要點」以來,僅有三千多家申請試辦,且應用面仍侷限在B2B 的發票和折讓單e 化,且買方和賣方都必須加入同一加值服務中心,和實務應用面仍有一段距離。 隨著電子商務快速發展,不論是B2B、B2C、或是C2C,均已具一定規模且持續蓬勃發展中,並在資訊流、物流和金流上都已先後導入e 化應用。但統一發票為整個供應鏈流程中的一段,却尚未導入e 化,導入電子發票有助於整個供應鏈的e化,並可以降低整體作業的運作成本。然而,電子發票之應用涉及財稅政策、會計師簽證、電子簽章、認證機制、個人隱私權、公司e化及公司稽核管控等等核心問題,這種種相關因素如何相互配合,才能發揮電子發票之最大綜效,值得進一步探討。 本研究係參考金財通導入捷盟公司的電子發票個案分析,及國內外電子發票之現況,研討電子發票對企業作業流程、加值服務中心之運作、網路安控機制、政府法令規章、稅務行政、會計師查核等等的挑戰,據以提出可能的作業模式與建議,以供相關單位未來推動統一發票全面電子化的參考。 / The e-invoice trial operations are only adopted by 3,000+ enterprises ever since the Ministry of Finance announced the trial operation law of e-invoice communication through Internet on 29 Nov 2000. The application scope is only within the B2B communication of invoice and allowance note between the enterprises and the value added service center. This is a big gap to implement in a multi-to-multi business environment. Transactions of B2B, B2C or C2C have been on-going grew to an economic scale along with the rapid growth of e-commerce development. Electronic techniques have been applied to the information flow, goods delivery flow and cash flow in the supply chain management. However, invoice is part of the supply chain but not yet integrated into the supply chain e-cycle. Implement e-invoice will integrate the electronic system for supply chain and will help to reduce the total operation costs. E-invoice application involves the core issues of such as government’s financial policy, accounting auditing, public key infrastructure, certificate authority, personal privacy, enterprise EAI system and internal auditing. How these factors incorporate with each other to maximize the most e-invoice benefit deserves further study. This study references the BankPro’s e-invoice implementation case and current e-invoice development situation in Taiwan, America and Europe. On such basis, we further discuss the challenges of e-invoice that will be brought to the enterprise operation flow, service value added center, Internet security control, government legal law, taxing administration and accounting auditing etc, so as to provide possible operation model and recommendations to the related units as the reference to implement e-invoice globally in the future.
8

雲端運算服務導向架構電子發票加值平台XML-based訊息轉換器與資料中心之研究

曾世傑 Unknown Date (has links)
財政部於2006年底建置完成的電子發票整合服務平台,提供不同產業間之買賣雙方一個具有公信力的交易稽核平台。企業在此可利用電子發票向銀行進行貸款,完成融資服務,由於貸款跨越企業與銀行,而各個不同組織間,其流程中會有金、商流共同所需之資訊,但是彼此所需的資訊格式的不同,讓整個流程無法一氣喝成。 本研究提出一個以雲端運算為基礎的服務導向架構電子發票加值平台,透過此平台企業可將原本的發票融資,轉換成利用電子發票進行線上融資,再透過XML-based訊息轉換器將企業端電子發票XML格式轉換為處理帳務之XBRL格式,以及銀行端之金流訊息FXML格式,並利用雲端運算服務作為資料儲存與呈現的基礎,而服務導向架構提供了完成此跨組織金、商流活動所需的平台一個良好架構。 在電子發票加值平台中,處理電子發票加值服務時會運用發票上的金流與商流資訊,基於安全性的考量,所以不能將資料都儲存於雲端運算的資源中,本研究的資料中心利用分散式資料儲存方式,將機密的資料儲存於企業端,減少企業使用服務的疑慮,並透過分散式資料擷取/儲存機制對不同的資料庫存取服務所需之資料,讓企業可以更放心且便利的使用服務。 / Ministry of Finance, R.O.C builds a reliable E-Invoice platform in 2006, to provide buyers and sellers a credible audit platform. Through E-Invoice platform, companies could complete loan service. Because loan service crosses the banks and enterprises, they will need the same information in loan process. However the information to each other is different formats, so that the whole process can not complete straight through. This study proposed a Service-oriented architecture E-Invoice value-added platform which based on cloud computing services. Through this platform, companies can change invoice loan service into E-Invoice on-line loan service. In this platform, they not only can use a XML-based message converter to convert business XML format to financial information XBRL format and cash flow information FXML format but also can use cloud computing services to store and present data. However Service-oriented architecture can provide this cross-organizational activity a suitable architecture. In E-Invoice value-added platform, E-Invoice on-line loan service will handle the information of cash flow and business flow, but based on security considerations, we can not stored all the data in the cloud. However this study use decentralized data center to store confidential information in the enterprise client to solve this problem and use some mechanism to extract/store data from different data center. Therefore Companies can reduce their concerns of using services and use services conveniently.
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以區塊鏈技術為基礎之電子發票平台研究 / A study of e-invoice system based on Blockchaintechnology

苗華斌, Scott Miau Unknown Date (has links)
目前,因應不同需求與應用情境的各式電子發票系統已被建立。儘管電子發票系統、區塊鏈技術與其相關的文件及平台已經存在,許多研究學者及廠商仍希望推展此技術並應用於其它領域。 本研究的目的在以區塊鏈技術為基礎建構電子發票平台,希望提出一種區塊鏈技術的新應用情境。首先,透過資訊計量學的方法分析980篇電子發票及區塊鏈的相關文獻以了解電子發票及區塊鏈的發展;接著,探討比特幣(Bitcoin)與區塊鏈(Blockchain)間的重要觀念與技術;最後,利用區塊鏈技術中的一種以太坊(Ethereum)來建立電子發票平台。 本研究中六項建構電子發票系統的需求如資料完整性、可驗證性、可用性、可稽核性、不可否認性與可溯源性可被達成。此架構不僅適用於發行一般的消費性電子發票更適用於向企業提供短期資金借貸如發票融資的應用情境。未來,在不同的實作需求下,將可探討整合區塊鏈另一項技術開放鏈(Openchain)以建立混合公開與私有節點的應用。 / Different e-invoice systems are designed to meet different needs and application scenarios. Although these systems areuseful and readily available, researchers and businesses hope to be able to expand the coverage of e-invoice systems using Blockchain technologies. This study proposes an e-invoice system based on Blockchain technologies which shows anotherapplication scenario of Blockchain technology and e-invoice system. First, a review of about 980 publicationson e-invoicing and Blockchain was carried outwithinformetrics used for further analysis so as to better understandthe development of e-invoice and Blockchain technologies. Second, the concepts and mechanisms of Bitcoin and Blockchain technologies were reviewed. Finally, an e-invoice system based on Ethereumwas proposed. The proposed system meets the six needs of an e-invoice system: integrity, authenticity, availability, auditability, non-repudiation and traceability. It is not only suitable for issuing general invoices but also can play a role in further invoicing applications such as invoice financing as well as agri-food supply chain traceability. In the future, Openchain or hybrid Blockchain infrastructure that combines public and private nodes can be consideredfor use in this proposed e-invoice system.
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統一發票制度之評估研究 / An Evaluation of the Uniform Invoice System

呂春熹 Unknown Date (has links)
統一發票制度是政府課徵營業稅之主要工具,實施期間長達50多年。在此期間我國營業稅制從主要的總額型發展演進到加值型營業稅制,而此徵收工具迄今仍受重視,其應有獨特之處,值得評估研究。本研究主要是從兩個方向著手,第一部分是就統一發票制度之性質、制度內容及執行,評估其達成租稅政策目標之程度;第二部分係比較國際間實施加值稅國家的經驗,檢視此一工具之重要性,以及其改進空間或有其他可行的替代工具。本研究根據政策工具理論,從政策內容、執行組織、標的團體及環境之層面,及政策工具性質,從效能性、效率性、公平性、易用性及社會支持性之指標,予以評估,認為作為營業稅徵收工具的統一發票,以其高強制性及直接性,低自動性及可見性,其徵收效率並未比其他稅目之徵收工具高,容易造成稽徵人員依賴,另外其取得外界之支持亦呈現不定。至於加值稅實施之國際經驗比較部分,經考量經濟開發成長情形及資料取得之難易性,選取新加坡、英國、澳洲作為比較對象,並由各國稅制規劃、稅收統計,以及稽徵成效作相對性比較之基礎。評估結果顯示以新加坡及英國實施成效最佳,而統一發票作為加值稅稽徵工具之我國績效最低。研究總結,發現統一發票制度在稅收成長雖有助益,然因執行低效率,以及租稅減免過多,破壞中性原則,未能達成確實課稅之宗旨,惟仍具改進空間,是以本研究最後提出從制度簡化及加強執行兩方面之具體改進建議。 / The Uniform Invoice System (UIS) has been a main instrument for the collection of business tax in the last fifty years. Present research on an evaluation of this system has taken two major directions. The first is to evaluate the nature, design and execution of the local system, according to its achievement of the goals of tax policy; the second is to compare international experience in the imposition of Value-Added Tax. The purpose of the research on the local system is to examine the necessity of UIS, and see whether there is still room to improve it or if there are any alternatives. The research uses indexes such as effectiveness, efficiency, equity, usability, and social support to survey the following aspects of the system: policy, administrative agencies, target group, and environment. The conclusion from this part shows that the UIS, with its nature of high coerciveness and directness, but low automaticity and visibility, has failed to operate to a high degree of efficiency as other taxes, and it has not been easy to obtain support from society. In addition, the success of the UIS has led to inertia on the part of the competent authorities, and less active auditing. The purpose of as research of international experience is to make a comparison between Singapore, UK, Australia, and Taiwan, focusing on the design of collection mechanism, tax revenue, and efficiency of administration. The results show that Taiwan, with UIS peculiar to itself has not produce a better performance. The conclusion of the research of local and international systems indicates that the performance of the UIS did not meet the goals as the government expected, owing to its low efficiency and an erosion of the tax base from too much tax exemption. Finally, the research suggests two ways to improve the system: simplification and strengthening of the enforcement.

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