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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

直銷成長的商業模式──以台灣賀寶芙的營養俱樂部為例 / A business model for growth in direct selling: the case of Herbalife’S nutrition club in Taiwan

許琇涵, Hsu, Stacy Unknown Date (has links)
直銷成長的商業模式──以台灣賀寶芙的營養俱樂部為例 / As the prominence of social networking and direct interpersonal means of communication have swept the modern Internet era, the means by which consumers are marketed to have dramatically changed. Currently, in Taiwan there is no shortage of products to consume or information about those products to understand. Therefore, the concept of the Herbalife Nutrition Club in Taiwan has prompted a dynamic shift in the way Taiwanese consumers are introduced to, learn about, consume, and become brand loyal to the health and nutrition products offered by the company. The foundation of the nutrition club concept is built upon the Direct Selling industry, which is an outgrowth of decades of studying customer value perception, product promotion localization, and recently social networking. This study explores the Herbalife Nutrition Club business model in Taiwan and how it is radically providing product and service experiences to customers to garner consecutive years of double-digit growth in Taiwan since 2006.
12

中國大陸鄉鎮長選舉制度改革之研究 / Studies of the reform of the electoral system for town and township heads in China

程家宜 Unknown Date (has links)
目前的中國大陸鄉鎮出現了一些狀況,如鄉鎮負債嚴重、幹部貪污腐敗、幹部群眾之間的緊張關係等,因此鄉鎮長的直接選舉改革是否真能解決中國大陸鄉鎮當前的問題呢?是否能因為村民委員會直選的成功逐漸推導出鄉鎮長直選也會成功呢?鄉鎮長直接選舉在中國大陸是否可行呢?基層直接選舉是否能擴大至全國鄉、鎮一級呢?這些的確是值得我們認真思考的大問題,也是引起筆者研究興趣之所在。
13

俄語「水」的語義場研究 / Semantic field of "water" in Russian

李佳駿 Unknown Date (has links)
水在各個民族、各個語義之中都扮演相當重要的角色,因此在詞彙量及隱含意義上都可找到豐富的語料進行研究。本論文從水語義詞下手,分析水語義詞的義素,歸納出六大類的詞組,再依其直義與轉義進行研究與歸納,整理出俄語當中水語義場的主要意義及形象,期能讓非俄語母語使用者更能了解水在俄語當中的意義與主要形象概念。
14

台港澳資本和外資直接投資之技術外溢效果比較-以中國大陸製造業為例 / An estimation of the technology spillover effect of foreign capital and capital from Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Macao-A Case Study of Manufacturing Sector of China

陳思婷, Chen, Szu Ting Unknown Date (has links)
外人直接投資(Foreign Direct Investment, FDI)的溢出效應是有關外資間接投資效應的一個重要課題,也是被視為一國推動國內經濟發展有效的管道。而中國自改革開放以來,即積極的使用外資來推動經濟,經過三十年來努力的產業升級和結構調整,經濟實力不容小覷。在全球化的思維下,世界就如同一個地球村,不僅縮小互通有無的距離,在經貿方面也彼此依存。依照中國大陸2007-2009年的統計資料顯示,外人直接投資占全社會固定資產投資約0.5%,所占比重雖然不大,對中國大陸的經濟發展卻有十足的貢獻度,在培育人才、創造工作機會、引進技術及擴大國內需求等方面都影響甚鉅。 本文以中華人民共和國國家統計局進行年度「工業企業數據庫」調查1998-2006年製造業廠商資料,運用STATA統計軟體進行跨時橫斷面分析,並將直接投資依照來源分為台港澳和外資兩個部份,研究其對中國製造業技術外溢的效應和比較。主要研究發現為整體製造業、輕工業、小公司與華北、華中、華南、西北、西南及東北地區中,台港澳有負面外溢,而外資有正面效應;在高技術產業和重工業中由於和外資技術差距太大導致外資負外溢,台資正外溢;化學工業和大公司裡台資和外資均有正外溢效果;在華東地區無論台港澳還是外資均有負面的技術外溢效應。不僅在產業裡存在差異,公司規模和經濟地理區位也都出現不同的結果。
15

網路拍賣之直接購買機制之探討

莊靜 Unknown Date (has links)
網路拍賣中有一項特別的機制稱為「直接購買價」。一旦買方選擇以「直接購買價」下標,則拍賣立刻結束,以「直接購買價」成交。本研究針對網路拍賣的「直接購買價」制度對於各項相關變數的影響作實證分析,分成四部分:「結標價」、「實際拍賣期間」、「預計拍賣期間」以及「提前結束」。實證結果發現「有無直接購買價」對於這四個變數都沒有顯著的影響力;若以「直接購買價價格高低」而言,則發現「直接購買價價格」越高,結標價會越高,但對於另外三個變數並沒有顯著的影響力。
16

褐炭直接液化プロセスの運転安定性および液化油生産性の向上に関する液化前処理技術の研究

井上, 聡則 23 January 2013 (has links)
Kyoto University (京都大学) / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第17264号 / 工博第3666号 / 新制||工||1557(附属図書館) / 30021 / 京都大学大学院工学研究科化学工学専攻 / (主査)教授 三浦 孝一, 教授 前 一廣, 教授 河瀬 元明 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当
17

鈷/鉑垂直磁化多層膜中結構對磁耦合及電性的影響 / Influence of structure on magnetic coupling and electric properties in cobalt/platinum multilayer with spontaneously perpendicular-magnetization

曾嘉裕, Tseng, Chia Yu Unknown Date (has links)
本論文主要在研究多層膜之垂直異向性結構組成及其介面特質,本實驗多層膜選取的材料為鐵磁性的鈷(Co)以及貴重金屬的鉑(Pt),並利用濺鍍(Sputtering)系統來製作(鈷/鉑)多層膜樣品,最初的實驗為尋找(鈷/鉑)多層膜結構組成最佳垂直易性發生之條件,所以分別變化鐵磁層鈷之厚度、一般金屬層鉑之厚度、(鈷/鉑)雙層層數及緩衝buffer layer層鉑之厚度,並利用震動樣品磁度儀(VSM)及超導量子干涉儀(SQUIDE)分別量測垂直及平行磁場方向之磁化強度M對磁場field H的關係,再由M-H圖進行判別其垂直異向性的程度。 在最初的實驗部分可了解如何得到最佳(鈷/鉑)垂直異向性多層膜之結構,並從中可得不同緩衝層鉑之厚度、(鈷/鉑)雙層層數及雙層內鉑之厚度的矯頑場有一趨勢存在,於第二部分的實驗即利用這些矯頑場之趨勢來製作一系列產生巨磁效應之三層膜結構,其中的鐵磁層由(鈷/鉑)垂直異向性多層膜取代,並對此結構做一系列量測,利用震動樣品磁度儀(VSM)量測其磁化強度對磁場的關係、利用LR700系統及物理低溫量測系統(PPMS)量測其異常Hall effect霍爾效應(EHE)現象和電阻對磁場的關係,再將這一系列的量測結果分析其中被一般金屬層鉑所隔開的上下(鈷/鉑)垂直異向性多層膜之間耦合程度。 / The topic of this thesis is about the property of the interface and structure in the multilayers with perpendicular anisotropy. The materials of this multilayers are ferromagnetic cobalt and platinum. We use sputtering system to fabricate cobalt/platinum multilayer with various thicknesses. The initial experiment is to search for the optimum condition that develop cobalt/platinum multilayer with perpendicular anisotropy. Then, the influenceof the buffer layer of platinum is studied. We use Vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) and superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometer to measure the magnetization vs. magnetic field relation by applied magnetic fields in both out of plane and in plane directions to distinguishe the degree of perpendicular anisotropy from the M-H figures. From the initial experiments we can understand how to get the optimum structure of cobalt/platinum perpendicular anisotrpy multilayer. There is a tendency exists in the coercivity depending on different thicknesses of the ferromagnetic layer cobalt, the normal noble platinum, the number of bilayers of cobalt/platinum, and the buffer layer of platinum. In the second part of this experiment we used the difference of coercivities to fabricate a series of trilayers structures that produce giant magnetoresistance effect. The individual ferromagnetic layer was cobalt/platinum perpendicular anisotropy multilayer. The structures was measured by VSM to study magnetization vs. field relation. A LR700 resistance bridge and a physical properties measurement system (PPMS) were used to measure the Anomalous Hall Effect (AHE) and resistant vs. field relation.
18

能力分配、國際分工與生產模式之研究

謝中興 Unknown Date (has links)
本論文由三篇相關的文章所組成,第一篇文章討論勞動能力分配如何影響國際分工的型態,可分割生產技術的採用對所得分配的影響,以及國際貿易在這當中所扮演的角色。第二篇文章分析開放體系下,廠商滿足大眾訴求的核心能力和生產模式間的關係。第三篇文章建構動態的產業調整模型,分析廠商的異質性在生產模式的變遷過程中所扮演的角色,以及國際貿易如何進一步影響產業的調整時徑。 第一篇文章以一般均衡的異質性勞動模型,探討國際垂直分工的比較利益來源,以及從整合生產到國際垂直分工的經濟效果。各財的產出受象徵知識與經驗的勞動能力所影響,異質性最終財的生產涉及勞動能力邊際生產力遞增,與線性技術兩種不同性質的生產任務。在整合生產,兩種任務需一起執行,勞動能力在不同任務間具有模組互補的現象;在可分割生產時,不同的任務可以獨立由不同的生產單位執行,因此可以分地進行生產。第一篇文章的主要結論是:1. 國際垂直分工的比較利益來自於兩國勞動能力的絕對差異,或分配上的相對差異,這與傳統資源秉賦理論的精神相符;2. 當生產技術由不可分割演進到可分割時,兩國的所得分配均更為惡化,國際分工進一步影響兩國的所得分配。 第二篇文章探討最終廠商在消費價值創造上所擁有的核心優勢強弱,與其最適生產模式的關係。最終財廠商將一單位的中間投入,輔以消費價值的創造,才能將所得到的最終財銷售給消費者,而消費價值的創造直接反映在消費的效用水準。對於中間投入,最終廠商需決定整合生產或委外分工,二者均需考慮南北的區位選擇。企業家在決定其生產模式時面臨以下兩難問題:首先,垂直分工的價值來自供應商的專業經營,但除不完全契約問題外,還需要額外的固定成本。其次,在區位選擇方面,南國的工資水準較低,但組織成本要比北國高。本文說明在創造消費價值創造上所擁有的專業能力不同,上述兩難問題的得失輕重也有所不同。此外,關於國際委外的組織成本下降如何影響國際委外活動之進行,以及對各階層所得的影響,本文也提供相當直覺的剖析。 第三篇文章建構動態的產業調整模型,分析廠商的異質性在生產模式的變遷過程中所扮演的角色,以及國際貿易如何進一步影響產業的調整時徑。當中,最終廠商在滿足大眾訴求的專業能力各不相同。廠商可以將生產工序標準化為可交易的中間財,並與專業供應商垂直分工。委外分工可以降低生產成本,但也存在隨時間遞減的調適成本,最終廠商要決定的是最適化的調整時點。這篇文章的主要結論是:1. 對消費大眾愈具吸引力的廠商,調整生產模式的時點愈早; 2. 國際貿易同時具有催化延緩產業調整時徑的作用,開放體系下,外銷廠商的調整時點較封閉體系早,內銷廠商較封閉體系晚;3. 互惠性的降低貿易障礙或技術進步所致的貿易成本下降,將使外銷廠商的調整時點提前,內銷廠商則延後。
19

由垂直整合至分工--以家電公司為例

黃功傑, Huang, Kung Chieh Unknown Date (has links)
企業的策略制定與執行並非一成不變的,必須依產業的變化、競爭的動態況、及本身的資源多寡,隨時檢視是否需要加以修正,如此才能讓企業立於不敗之地,達成永續經營。在產業的生命週期步入成熟期以後,單靠『產品創新』與『流程創新』均不足以維持企業的競爭力,必須藉由『策略創新』來接續企業的生命力,所謂的『策略創新』也就是重組價值鏈,傳統上,許多企業對於重組價值鏈的做法是進行『垂直整合』。但在核心能力(Core Competency)的觀念普遍化之後,管理的鐘擺又朝向了垂直分工,於是降低垂直整合反而成為風尚,企業開始更加注重專注、輕裝、簡捷,把競爭力的重點放在自己最為優勢的領域,對於非核心能力價值活動,企業改以外包的方式來取代。 關於垂直整合策略或分工策略的相關研究,過去雖有諸多文獻探討,但其研究方向多著重在策略形成的動機、效益、成本、影響因素及與經營績效的關係,對於垂直整合的關鍵成功因素,及垂直整合策略在執行過程,若面對外在環境的變化需要調整時,引發策略需要改變的內外在因素為何?如何進行策略調整?以及如何進行策略調整後的管理,這些在過去的文獻中則較少學者加以探討,因此,本研究擬以與民眾生活密不可分的小家電產業為研究對象,探討以下問題,並希望能為小家電產業帶來實質的貢獻。 一、 導致企業由『垂直整合策略』走向分工的因素為何? 二、 企業應如何由『垂直整合策略』調整至『分工策略』? 三、 如何進行分工後外包的管理? 本研究以文獻探討為基礎,進行研究架構的發展,而在個案公司應具有代表性的考量下,選擇全球最大的小家電供應商-燦坤集團的小家電部門為研究對象,透過個案分析與資料整理,本研究獲得如下的結論: 一、 導致企業由『垂直整合策略』走向『分工策略』的因素 (一)、內在因素:垂直整合項目若未掌握關鍵成功因素,尤其是背離了『在可以成為核心能力的價值活動進行整合』,在經歷一定時間後,將會導致文獻中所提及的垂直整合的成本,且不斷地升高。 (二)、外在因素:當『產業規模經濟』的良性循環所彰顯的利益超越企業進行垂直整合的利益時,企業將會將『垂直整合策略』調整至『分工策略』,改以外包取代自製。所以,企業進行外包的動機,從個案公司的研究中得知,除部分項目與文獻所提的不同外,其餘項目諸如專注於核心能力,將資源聚焦,避免或減少資本支出、減少材料的損耗,及降低無效率,以取得較低的成本,改進服務的績效等,均與學者Lomas (1997) 與 Mariotti (1996) 提出的企業進行外包的動機相符。 二、 企業應如何由『垂直整合策略』調整至『分工策略』? 關於企業由『垂直整合策略』調整至『分工策略』的方法,結合文獻與個案研究的結果,本研究認為應包含三個部分,第一是決定外包的標的,第二是遵循外包的流程,第三是掌握外包的關鍵成功因素。在選擇外包的標的上,企業應將非核心或無效率的值值活動予以外包;而在外包的流程上,有二十一項的程序必須加以遵循。 外包的流程與外包的關鍵成功因素,兩者為一體兩面。 三、 如何進行分工後外包的管理? 關於如何做好分工後外包廠商的管理,本研究獲致的結論包含兩大部分: (一)、中心思想:企業在進行分工後的管理,必須與供應商構築穩固的關係,經由更好的協調,共同降低價值鏈中的成本,同時持續加以管理。 (二)、具體作法:此包括兩個部分,第一個部分是『建立分工後的管理作業程序』,包括改善作業流程及建立標準作業規範、組織與工作權責調整;第二個部分是『建立中衛體系運作的管理模型』。包括成立外包廠輔導小組主動協助改善外包廠之體質,包括管理、財務、技術、製程、行銷等功能,並透過衛星工廠管理辦法之建立及以衛星工廠聯誼會為溝通平台,使中心廠與外包廠之間保持連繫,發揮互相依賴、庇護、相輔相成的作用。 最後,本研究對個案公司及其他小家電企業提出如下的建議: (一)、對個案公司的建議 1、慎選有競爭力的外包廠。 2、以平等地位對待外包廠,互相合作、共存共榮。 3、快速落實合約,及標準作業規範,縮短磨合期。 4、規劃導入中衛發展中心所建議的,分工後管理外包的作法。 5、朝OVM的模式發展,研發更高附加價值的產品,以更多的專利,建立競爭障礙。 6、在中國市場重塑並發展自有品牌。 (1)、增加研發資源,積極開發符合中國人消費特點的小家電產品。 (2)、以代理、借牌、併購等方式取得國際品牌,進入中國小家電市場。 (二)、對其他小家電企業的建議 1、當產業具有產業規模大、企業數目多的特徵時,企業採取垂直整合所達成的規模經濟可以藉由產業之間的分工來達成,因此,垂直合策略與分工策略的選擇上,採取『分工策略』是較佳的策略選擇。 2、若企業因公司整體策略的需要,必須進行垂直整合時,必須把握垂直整合的關鍵成功因素(如表5-1)。 3、原本採取『垂直整合策略』的企業,若需要調整為『分工策略』時,在作法上,企業必須審視自身在『產業價值鏈』的地位,找出『核心能力』所在,集中資源予以強化;對於非核心的價值活動,則適當予以『外包』,借由『產業規模經濟』提升效率、降低成本。而為了確保『外包』的作法能夠成功,企業必須掌握外包的關鍵成功因素,選擇優秀的供應商,以公平、對等的合約與供應商建立起長期而穩定的『夥伴關係』,代替過去的『競爭關係』;同時對外包後的供應鏈進行持續的管理,如此才能成功的達成策略轉折的目的。 / To ensure sustainable development of a company, the relevant business strategies should be reviewed and adjusted from time to time, taking into account changes in the industry, dynamic status of competition and the availability of resources. Once the industry has entered the maturity stage of its life cycle, “Product Innovation” and “Process Innovation” no longer suffice the needs of a company to maintain its competitiveness in the market. “Strategic Innovation”, therefore, would be the key to maintain the vitality of an enterprise. “Strategic Innovation” implies the restructuring of value chain. To achieve this purpose, many companies adopt the traditional approach, i.e., vertical integration. With the popularity of the “Core Competency” concepts, however, the management focus has been shifted to “Vertical Disintegration”. Business entities have since paid more attention to achieving a concentrated, efficient and easily-mobile organizational structure, endeavoring to build up the company’s competitiveness by enhancing its key advantages. Value activities which do not involve the core competencies, therefore, are outsourced. From the existing literature, we can find that a lot of research has been done on both vertical integration and disintegration strategies. Less literature was found, however, about the key success factors for vertical integration, the internal/external factors necessitating strategic adjustments due to relevant changes in the external environment, methodologies for such strategic adjustments, as well as the management direction after the strategic adjustment, etc. In this research, therefore, we shall probe the following issues, focusing on the small home appliances industry: 1. What are the factors causing the shift of business focus from the “Vertical Integration Strategies” to the “Disintegration Strategies”? 2. Methodologies for companies to make strategic adjustments from the “Vertical Integration Strategies” to the “Disintegration Strategies”. 3. Outsourcing management after the disintegration process. By means of case studies and information integration, we have reached the following conclusion: I. Factors causing the shift of business focus from “Vertical Integration Strategies” to the “Disintegration Strategies”. (I) Internal Factors: Vertical integration may lead to a higher integration cost if the company failed to grasp the key success factors in the integration process, particularly if it failed to conduct the integration “within the scope of value activities which may develop into core competencies of the company”. (II) External Factors: Once the profit generated from the positive cycle of the “industrial economy of scale” has exceeded the profit resulted from the vertical integration, the company will adjust its business direction from the “vertical integration strategy” to the “disintegration strategy”, i.e., outsourcing of business rather than self-manufacturing. II. Methodologies for companies to make strategic adjustments from the “Vertical Integration Strategies” to the “Disintegration Strategies”. Based on results of documentation review and case study, we conclude that the strategic adjustments involve three parts: (1) Determine the business items for outsourcing, (2) Follow the procedures for outsourcing, (3) Grasp the key success factors for outsourcing. III. Outsourcing management after the disintegration process. Based on the results of our study, successful supplier management for outsourced business involves two major aspects: (I) Key Business Philosophy: To achieve successful management after disintegration, the company should build up a solid relationship with its suppliers and, through better coordination and mutual efforts, achieve a cost reduction for the value chain. Continuous efforts should be made in managing the outsourced business. (II) Specific Measures: This also involves two parts: (1) Establishing the “Post-disintegration Management Procedures”, including improved work flow, establishment of standard operational procedures and adjustment of organization and job contents, (2) Building up a management model for the corporate synergy system (CSS). Finally, we have the following recommendations to the target companies of our case study, as well as other small home appliances companies: (I) Recommendation to the target companies of our case study: 1. Carefully select the outsourced suppliers, ensuring their competitiveness in the market. 2. Treat the suppliers fairly. Build up a good partnership to achieve mutual prosperity. 3. Implement the contents of agreements and standard operational procedures speedily and effectively to shorten the period of mutual adaptation. 4. Introduce the methodologies for outsourcing management as recommended by the CSS Development Center. 5. Shift the business direction to the OVM model; make R&D efforts on high-value-adding products; build up barriers to competition by acquiring more patents. 6. Rebuild the brand image and develop self-owned brands in the China market. (1) Increase R&D resources. Aggressively develop small home appliances that can fully meet consumer demand in the China market. (2) Access to the small home appliances market of China through alliance with international brands, by means of distributorship, license-borrowing or acquisition, etc. (II) Recommendations to other small home appliances enterprises 1. For industries featured by large scope and number of companies, an “Economy of Scale” can be achieved by disintegration, rather than the conventional way of vertical integration. Between the options of vertical integration and disintegration, therefore, “disintegration” is a better strategy. 2. In the event that a company needs to adopt the vertical integration strategy to meet its overall strategic requirements, the company should ensure that the key success factors for vertical integration are fully grasped (Table 5-1). 3. For an enterprise contemplating a shift from the “vertical integration” strategy to “disintegration strategy”, it should first review its own position in the industrial value chain and identify its core competencies. The company should then focus its resources on enhancing its core competencies and outsourcing the value activities which do not involve core competencies, wherever deemed appropriate. In other words, the company should endeavor to improve its efficiency and lower costs by achieving an “industrial economy of scale”. To ensure the success of outsourced business, the company should also grasp the key success factors for outsourcing, select high-quality suppliers and build up a long-term and stable “partnership” with the supplier by means of a fair and equally-positioned agreement, instead of the “competitive relationship” in the past. Continuous efforts should be made to manage the value chain after the outsourcing to ensure a successful strategic change.
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台商赴中國大陸投資經營績效的決定因素:海、內外整合所扮演的角色 / The Performance Determinants of Taiwan Manufacturing Industries Investing in China: the Role of Integration between Parent Company and Overseas Subsidiaries

王小慈, Wang, Hsiao Tzu Unknown Date (has links)
本研究以經濟部2007年「製造業對外投資實況調查」問卷資料赴中國大陸地區投資採垂直整合及水平整合共計1, 194家廠商為研究對象,利用OLS多元計量模型進行實證分析,並以勞動生產力作為衡量經營績效的指標,首先欲探討「廠商特性」、「投資動機」與「整合模式」對勞動生產力的決定因素,進而分析不同整合模式下的「廠商特性」與「投資動機」對勞動生產力的影響。整體實證結果發現「垂直整合」對台商赴中國大陸投資勞動生產力具有顯著影響,「資本密集度」、「國際化程度」與「政策因素」之垂直整合廠商,亦均對勞動生產力具有顯著影響。就廠商特性而言,「廠商規模」、「研發密集度」、「資本密集度」是影響台商赴中國大陸投資勞動生產力的決定因素;當廠商不考慮「研發密集度」因素時,「資訊電子工業」及「國際化程度」方為影響勞動生產力的重要因素。而投資動機方面,僅「政策因素」是影響勞動生產力的決定因素。

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