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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

數位學習產業新創事業資源演變歷程探討

曾威霖 Unknown Date (has links)
Peter F. Drucker在1985年提出「創業型經濟體系」概念,認為創新與創業精神應是今日組織、經濟及社會賴以存續的主要活動,此外根據中小企業處統計:台灣每年約有10萬家新成立的企業,而且中小企業佔台灣所有廠商數目比例達96%以上,因此中小企業一直是台灣經濟成長的重要支柱,本研究希望能透過瞭解新創事業之資源演變情形,得到一些對創業家有幫助的建議。 本研究以數位學習產業之新創事業為研究對象,個案公司有勝典科技、旭聯科技、天下趨勢、育□數位科技,研究上將新創事業之發展分成三階段,分別觀察個案公司在各階段之資源演變情形。本研究之研究發現如下: 1. 領導者的背景會影響其所看到的機會。 2. 新創事業第一、二階段之行為模式主要是不斷針對市場機會進行動態調整,努力抓住機會,因此在資源運用上較發散。 3. 新創事業在第三階段之資源運用上大都採用集中強化策略。 4. 新創事業在第三階段會因為之前所累積之資源狀況而影響其機會選擇。 5. 數位學習產業中新創事業最需要獲取的關鍵資源前幾名分別為「合作網絡」、「銷售人才」、「整合性人才」、「流程標準化」、「顧客開發能力」,這些都屬於無形資產或能力。 6. 數位學習產業中新創事業最需要獲取的關鍵資源很難取得,部分關鍵資源至今仍非常缺乏。 7. 數位學習產業中新創事業會與顧客共同演化。 8. 數位學習產業中顧客的固著性很高。 9. 數位學習產業中新創事業在第三階段時與主要合作伙伴間會有共同演化現象。 10. 雖然廠商選擇專注於平台領域之思考重點為以標準品方式銷售,但實際上平台產品客製化程度很高。 11. 在數位學習產業的專案中,平台業者常常是各內容提供廠商的統合者。 12. 數位學習產業廠商正逐步脫離「鴻溝」階段。 / In 1985, Peter F. Drucker brought up the concept of entrepreneurial economic system. He thought the entrepreneurial spirit is the inevitable essence of social and economic activities today. According to the statistic from the government, there are about 100,000 new venture established in Taiwan every year, and the proportion of small and medium enterprises to total companies is over 96%. Therefore, small and medium enterprises are always the essential strength of economic growing in Taiwan. This research hopes to provide some useful suggestions to entrepreneur by observing the resources evolvement in new ventures. The research observed four companies in e-learning industry. We divide the new venture developing duration into three periods. After researching, we had those discoveries as below. 1.When the leader discovers or judges the opportunity, his background is an importance influencing factor. 2.In the first or second period, the main acting mode is adjusting and trying to catch market opportunities, so the resources using in new venture are more diverse and dynamic. 3.In the third period, most new ventures use the focus strategy. 4.In the third period, new ventures’ opportunities choosing would be influenced by resources which they accumulate before. 5.In the e-learning industry, the key resources are “networking”, “sales talent”, “integrating talent”, “operation standard process making”, and “customer exploiting”. Most of them belong to intangible assets. 6.In the e-learning industry, it is hard to get for those key resources, and some of them are still lacking until now. 7.In the e-learning industry, new venture and his customer are evolving together. 8.In the e-learning industry, the customers are seldom to change their cooperating companies. 9.In the e-learning industry, new venture and his core cooperating corporate would evolve together in the third period. 10.Even thought the portico companies want to make their production standardization, the customer-designed degree in portico production is very huge. 11.In the e-learning industry, the portico company in projection often plays a resource integrating role. 12.The companies in e-learning industry are leaving the “huge gap” step by step.
12

資源對隔離程度之影響

廖采如, Liao, Tsai-Ju Unknown Date (has links)
組織如何佈置夥伴關係是近年來學者們熱烈討論的議題。對於出口商而言,阻礙夥伴間的溝通是否可以維持本身的居中地位呢?當全球競爭壓力日趨升高,部分出口商開始思考阻礙其所連結夥伴間的溝通,也許不是唯一的策略,而是應強調如何厚植實力、尋求生存利基。 本研究即是探討焦點廠(出口商)於建構夥伴關係時,可能採用隔離夥伴間溝通的策略或是降低隔離程度讓夥伴間互相溝通的策略呢?又隔離夥伴間的溝通對於焦點廠居中地位之影響為何?以及焦點廠之資源是否會影響隔離程度對於焦點廠居中地位之關係,使得焦點廠可以不需使用隔離程度,亦能維持其居中地位?此外,夥伴間的合作關係是為了共創價值,焦點廠資源是否會影響隔離程度與製造績效之關係? 本研究以焦點廠為中心,三方關係為分析單位(焦點廠與國外客戶、國內供應商的關係;焦點廠與兩家國內供應商間的關係),討論統治機制(隔離程度)應與資源配合,也就是隔離程度對焦點廠居中地位之影響,及焦點廠資源對隔離程度與居中地位、夥伴間關係滿意度、製造績效之關係的影響。 經由實證分析,本研究有下列推論:(1)隔離與居中地位(資訊利益、控制利益)有正向相關。(2)當焦點廠資源愈高,隔離與居中地位之正向關係愈低。(3)隔離與夥伴間關係滿意度有負向關係。(4)焦點廠資源愈高或供應商之技術愈內隱、複雜時,愈降低隔離程度,愈能增加製造績效。(5)焦點廠資源與居中地位、夥伴間關係滿意度、製造績效有正向關係。(6)焦點廠資源愈高且供應商之技術愈複雜時,愈降低隔離程度,愈能增加製造績效。
13

研究機構檢測與驗證服務的成長與核心能力建構之研究 / Growth and Core Competency-building in Testing and Certification Services of Research Institutes

周國村, Jou, Gwo Tsuen Unknown Date (has links)
隨著全球紡織品區域經濟與貿易障礙的崛起,研究機構檢測與驗證服務似乎已創造另一片新興市場,儼然成為另一股與國際知名商品檢驗公司如ITS, SGS, TUV等相互抗衡、分食全球檢測與驗證市場的勢力。研究機構的成立當初幾乎都是配合政府政策推動而投入策略性資源,運用高級研究人員,以執行相關計畫。惟隨著策略性計畫的結束,政府預算的刪減,研究機構不再繼續獲得政府經費的支援,必須藉由過去累積的核心資源與相關研究成果轉化為自主營運業務來源。尤其在檢測與驗證服務方面,研究機構基於所累積的能量,積極爭取認證授權成為區域經濟或政府單位指定的檢驗機構,如歐盟環保標章Oeko-tex 100與個人防護裝備(PPE) CE驗證。本研究旨在探討幾個研究機構轉型的案例,分析英國、法國、德國、日本聞名國際的紡織研究機構檢測與驗證服務資源與核心能力建置過程、成長策略與海外據點佈局,期盼這些機構的發展的經驗能夠作為我國財團法人研究機構紡織產業綜合研究所(簡稱紡織所)及亞太地區類似研究機構學習的典範。 本研究以文獻探討及個案研究方式進行。資源基礎建置主要依據Barney (1991)、Grant (1991)、 Peteraf (1993) 及Collis & Montgomery (1997)對於資源的論述,來分析個案研究機構如何建立其有形與無形資產,以及獨特專屬的核心能力;成長策略主要是依據Daniels (1983)之成長向量分析法,採取九種不同的策略與選擇,來分析四家國際個案研究機構與紡織所成長軌跡與策略。 四個個案檢測與驗證服務的共通特色與差異性進一步加以整理比較,成長軌跡與策略也嘗試一起作比較。此外,本研究並歸納整理研究機構的關鍵成功因素及營運績效衡量指標。經過以上研究機構分析與整體比較,本研究獲得結論如下: (一) 研究機構檢測驗證服務關鍵成功因素: 1. 公信力與知名度 2. 核心能力與關鍵技術的建立 3. 研發創新能力 4. 高階主管的經營能力與企圖心 5. 海外據點佈局程度 (二) 研究機構必須維持一定比例的研究計畫,以持續創新與研發能力。 (三) 研究機構的人才培訓是營運收入重要來源之一,研究機構具有一定程度的理論與實務應用,具有高學歷人才與豐富實務經驗,因此對於業界的實務應用幫助頗大,且提供訓練課程可維持固定收入。 (四) 研究機構必須具有高度檢測設備開發能力與主導國際規範制訂能力。 (五) 研究機構主管具有身兼研發與自主業務經營管理雙重功能角色。 (六) 國內穩定成熟檢測與驗證技術應開拓海外市場以創造剩餘價值。 (七) 研究機構必須開創自願性品質標籤或標章為目標。 研究機構檢測與驗證服務營運績效衡量指標主要有下列五項: (一) 營運收入中來自政府與業界比率。 (二) 單位人均產值。 (三) 國內與海外分部據點多寡。 (四) 主導國際標準項目。 (五) 自創品質標籤項目與推廣地區。
14

探討企業分割策略之施行-以宏碁集團為例 / Spin-Off strategy: A Case study for Acer group

莊政達 Unknown Date (has links)
我國資訊科技產業自80年代起快速成長,企業組織亦同時朝向大型化及集團化發展,企業併購遂成為當時企業層級策略的主要選項。然而在企業聚焦核心事業以及修正多角化策略的浪潮下,企業分割已成為近來產業進行經營績效以及組織重整的重要策略工具。 分割策略提供企業「一而為多」的組織改造模式,有助企業進行專業化經營或建立退場機制,確立各事業之專業分工更可有使分割公司之價值提升之效果。本研究為補強學術上之論述,由資源觀點出發,擬透過了解新事業成長過程各階段資源發展、累積以及運用的情況,探究宏碁集團在施行企業分割策略時,各種資源流動以及分配的狀態。期待能歸納出企業在進行分割策略時,資源分配、流動以及母企業在後續資源連結之共通點。並試圖找出關鍵的影響因素。提供決策者有別財務績效外於可參考的指標。 / Taiwanese IT industry has grown by leaps and bounds since the 1980s and in the meantime, the entrepreneurs have turned themselves into large-size corporations or conglomerates. Thus, corporation’s merger and acquisition (M &A) gradually has become their major issue of strategy studies. However, while the increasing trend of business strategy is to focus on the corporation’s core business, the corporation’s spin-offs becomes the more important tool for generating profits and organizational restructuring. Spin-offs strategy offers enterprises with the so-called “one for all” model, enabling corporations to focus on their core businesses or divest from dog business. The spin-off strategy also ensures spun-out units can achieve individual performances and effectiveness. In order to complement current academic studies, this research based on resources perspective attempts to explore the status of resources allocation of Acer in the spin-off strategy. This study would like to observe how the resource flows and distributes when a spun-out company grows, in order to conclude similarities that firms might have.
15

從組織知識學習與資源觀點探討台灣自有品牌廠商的國際行銷通路建構模式 --以網通廠商為例 / The study on international marketing channel model of the Taiwanese own brand corporation by using organizational learning and resource based theory

謝政樺, Hsieh, Cheng Hua Unknown Date (has links)
台灣資訊電子業自八零年代初期開始,憑藉著充沛且低廉的高素質勞動力,為歐、美、日等國際大廠從事OEM、ODM業務,為自身培育出堅強的製造與設計研發能力,並且為台灣創下經濟奇蹟以及獲得「電腦王國」的稱號。然而這種主要為滿足國際大廠需求而塑造出來的發展模式,使得台灣廠商習慣於接受客戶訂單要求的經營模式,對於廠商本身在定義產品、國際行銷、品牌發展以及通路經營等方面並未有長足進步。此外,近年來受到全球化、區域經濟整合以及新興市場國家的崛起,加上台灣已逐漸邁入已開發國家,勞力不再低廉、土地成本高漲、環保意識逐漸抬頭等,使台灣廠商過去所仰賴的競爭優勢已不復存在。施振榮先生提出「微笑曲線」,他認為台灣產業必須從過去附加價值低的製造代工的角色,轉型走向價值鏈兩端的研發設計與品牌經營。近幾年來,企業界和政府已經感受到品牌對於企業經營的重要性,以目前看來,已經有許多台灣自有品牌廠商在各自領域中大放異彩,並且在全球市場上占有一席之地。 過去對於台灣廠商在自有品牌經營的發展狀況,已有許多學者專家投入相關議題的研究。然而在研究上大多為探索台灣企業經營自有品牌成功的關鍵因素,或者是自有品牌的經營策略,對於自有品牌成功關鍵因素之一的行銷通路建構,其相關議題研究較少。因此,本研究將著重於影響企業經營自有品牌成功的關鍵因素中,被多數研究所認同的關鍵成功因素:「行銷通路建構」,進行深入探討,並且針對從創業開始便從事自有品牌經營的廠商進行研究,藉以充分瞭解廠商自有品牌建立的實務過程。本研究擬採用個案研究方式,以在網通產業品牌經營有成的D-Link友訊科技與A公司作為本研究的個案對象,期望將有助於其他有志發展自有品牌之企業作為其未來經營之參考依據。 本研究之研究問題有三:1.台灣自有品牌廠商的國際行銷通路建構型態與方式為何?2.台灣自有品牌廠商在國際行銷通路建構過程中對於不同市場特性、產品組合與通路商類型的因應方式與對策為何?3.影響台灣自有品牌廠商國際行銷通路建構的關鍵性因素與作法為何? 本研究先行針對相關文獻進行回顧,瞭解可作為通路建構模式的相關文獻,包括「自有品牌」、「行銷通路」、「組織學習理論」以及「資源基礎論」等相關理論,並透過個案訪談以及次級資料蒐集整理方式,獲得個案公司資訊,並分析個案公司的通路建構模式。本研究主要獲得以下結論: 1.自有品牌廠商在進入國際市場初期,地區代理商為其主要的行銷通路。然而經營主管對於通路經營理念上的差異,便會造成通路商數量選擇上的不同。此後,廠商便會針對通路商從事系統性的通路整合與管理,發展出整體行銷通路體系。 2.自有品牌廠商在各地區當地的業務主管與經營團隊成員對於其通路建構成功與後續通路管理扮演不可或缺的角色。 3.自有品牌廠商透過與通路商溝通以及提供通路商教育輔導,將有助於產品銷售以及減少通路衝突,強化彼此關係,創造彼此利益。 4.自有品牌廠商所提供的高品質、高效能的產品,將有助於廠商國際行銷通路之建構。 5.自有品牌廠商透過資源蓄積與組織外部學習方式,所建構出在資源面與能力面上的新策略性資源,將有助於廠商行銷通路建構。然而自有品牌廠商組織文化上的差異,將會造成通路建構策略與方式上的不同。 本研究對於實務上的管理建議為: 1.自有品牌廠商宜著重技術深耕與研發並且提供通路商高品質的產品與服務。 2.自有品牌廠商宜重視與授權在地化經營以增進在地經營團隊對於企業的認同感。 3.自有品牌廠商宜建立完善的組織學習機制。 關鍵字:自有品牌、行銷通路、組織學習、資源基礎論 / Taiwanese electronic companies are good at manufacturing and design, and take OEM/ODM business for the first-tier international electronic companies. However, in recently, the competitive advantages of Taiwanese companies gradually decline due to the booming of the the developing countries. Thus, industrial and government highly appealed the companies to develop their own brand, and hoped it will show good performances in the near future. Until now, some of the companies reveal outstanding results in their own industry, and become the global well-know enterprises. In the past, it had been many researches who did the relevant topics about the Taiwanese companies establishing their own brand. Neverethelss, most of the researches focused on discussion the successful factors of establishing own brand or the own brand business strategy rather than on establishing marketing channel, the key successful factor of establishing own brand. Thus, the study will focus on discussion the market channel establishment, and select to research the own brand companies which built their own brand from start-up in order to understand the practical procedure. The case companies are D-Link and A Corp., the first tier Taiwanese network communication manufacture company. Their remarkable performance can be the examples for the other companies to follow them. The main literature in this study includes own brand, marketing channel, organizational learning, and resource-base theory. The study takes case interview and collect the second-hand data to acquire the critical information of the case companies and analyze their marketing channel model. There are several conclusions from the study: 1.In the early stage of entry international market, own brand company’s main channel is local agency. However, the different channel management ideas between the leaders will induce to select differenct channels numbers. However, own brand companies will gradually conduct channel integration and management to develop their whole marketing channel system. 2.The local mangers and business teams of the own brand companies play the key players to establish marketing channel and their channel management. 3.Own brand companies who usually communicate with the channel members and provide education course for the channel parmters will bring benefits for their sales, reduce the conflicts, consolidate mutual relationship, and create mutual benefits. 4.Own brand companies who provide high quality and performance products will bring positive effects to establish marketing channel. 5.Own brand companies who accumulate internal resources and conduct external organizational learning will build strategy assets in assets and capabilities sides. Neveretheless, the organizational cultural difference will make a difference in the strategy and method of establishing marketing channel. In the study, the managerial suggestions for the companies who would like to develop their own brand include: 1.The companies have to focus on strengthen their R&D and provide high quality and performance products for their channel partners. 2.The companies have to empower the localization and promote the local business teams’ identity for the company. 3.The companies have to build a well-done organizational learning system. Key words: Own Brand, Marketing Channel, Organizational Learning, Resource Based Theory
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組織核心能力與競爭優勢-資訊科技之策略性運用 / Core Capability and Competitive Advantage: The Strategic Deployment of Information Technology

柯文珍, Ke, Wen Jane Unknown Date (has links)
由於科技的進步與國際化的趨勢,企業正面臨著充滿競爭、多變與相互結盟的經營環境,組織必須跳脫出過去沈重而僵化的運作體制,在組織結構與經營模式上加注更多的彈性與應變能力,資訊科技對於大量資料的處理、儲存、傳遞功能使得現代企業日益重視此項工具所能帶給組織的高附加價值。   本研究主要是探討資訊科技與組織競爭優勢的因果關係,研究的目的在於了解「資訊科技應如何與組織所擁有的核心能力相配合,以創造組織的競爭優勢。」,並在此目的下深入探討以下三個問題:資訊科技與核心能力之間的配合型態所代表的涵義以及企業界實際的作法為何?資訊科技與核心能力的最適搭配是否會因組織的特性而有所差異?核心能力與資訊科技之間的配合型態對競爭優勢的影響為何?   本研究屬於探索個案研究,主要是藉由實地訪談國內電腦化績效卓越的公司,配合國內外相關文獻,以探討資訊科技的功能特性與組織核心能力的各種搭配型態,並進一步討論在不同的組織價值目標引領下,資訊科技與組織核心能力的最適配合型態與競爭優勢的因果關係。   經由理論與實務的印証,本研究發現透過資訊科技的收集、處理累積與分享傳遞的功能,能大幅降低企業流程的溝通協調成本,組織藉由知識與經驗的累積而能發揮「社會記憶」的功能,並經由不斷地對顧客進行深入的了解與探尋使組織比競爭者更有能力去滿足客戶的需求,如此組織便能以更具效率的運作程序及更高的顧客化程度來達成其所欲追求的競爭優勢。
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流行產業核心資源與國際化策略之研究 / The Core Resources and Internationalization Strategy in Hit Industry

王美雅, Wang, Mei Ya Unknown Date (has links)
本研究動機在以有系統的方式來探討產品生命週期相當短暫的流行產業,即唱片、服飾、出版、電影及電視遊樂器等五項產業;同時由於此類產業產品生命週期短暫的特性,傳統的產品/市場分析方式已不再適用,作者擬以新興的資源基礎論的觀點來分析流行產業,同時在國際化風潮盛行的今天,國際化是一不容忽視的議題,延續上述說明,本研究將以資源基礎的觀點來討論企業國際化策略之選擇。本研究目的如下:   1.建構適當的分類構面,對流行產業做適當分類,以獲取更多資訊   2.找出流行產業核心資源。   3.研究核心資源與國際化策略之對應關係。   在研究方法上,本研究係屬於探索性之研究,目前理論仍在發展階段,並無十分完整的理論架構。因此本研究擬採個案研究法進行。首先本研究根據次級資料的蒐集與實務現象的瞭解,認為「唱片業」與「服飾業」是流行產業中風格殊異的兩類產業,故選擇此兩產業為主要研究之產業代表樣本。另外,本研究的觀念架構包括核心技術類型、核心資源組合、核心資源特性,以及國際化策略四大變項,藉由選取唱片與服飾業中代表性的廠商A、B、C、D公司,深入訪談該企業之核心技術類型、核心資源與國際化策略,據以分析其間關係。   在研究結論方面,整理結果如下:   一、流行產業可區分為「流行主體專屬性高者」與「流行主體專屬性低者」,兩者之關鍵成功因素有別。   二、流行產業中有三種不同的核心技術類型,即「掘井型」、「汲水型」,及「配送型」。   三、唱片業與服飾業中,核心技術類型間交易標的物、交易商品獨特程度、交易頻次不同,故統治方式不同。   四、流行產業中核心資源組合決定於其核心技術類型。掘井型者核心資源組合應為契約網路、非契約網路、行銷能力、企業文化、個人專業技術能力,及個人人際網路。汲水型者核心資源組合為設備與調配能力。配送型者的核心資源組合為配銷通路的蜜集程度與陳列位置優列、促銷能力與品牌。   五、企業擁有不同核心資源組合,由於核心資源特性有別,應採用不同的國際化策略。   六、不同核心技術類型者,由於核心資源組合、核心資源特性不同,應採用不同的國際化策略。
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台灣電腦系統廠之轉型策略–以智慧型手機為例 / Turnaround strategies of Taiwanese PC companies:A transformation to smartphone

楊娟娟, Yang, Chuan Chuan Unknown Date (has links)
本研究以國內系統領導廠商轉型為主要研究議題。使用個案研究法,探討其跨入智慧型手機產業之可行性。藉由文獻探討及產業領域知識(domain knowledge)等資訊來源,降低人為主觀偏見,選擇客觀的研究變項定義,發展研究架構,並進行個案公司訪談,彙整分析轉型策略及成功關鍵因素,期為企業進行轉型之參考依據。由研究結果顯示,影響台灣電腦系統廠轉型的關鍵因素,綜述如下:(一)企業轉型之購併策略,若忽略組織文化磨合期,反增加學習成本;(二)企業轉型之品牌策略鴻溝,其解決之道在於「創新」與「品質」;(三)企業轉型之採購策略制定,應配合企業整體目標,並視為企業競爭力之發展重點;(四)企業轉型之目標設定,為跨足新領域時,不能冀望過去成功模式可全然複製於新產業價值鏈,否則將影響決策擬定及業務執行之方向;(五)企業轉型之資源配置,應審思運用於企業核心能力之培育,並配合政府產業政策,以取得更多輔助資源,降低企業資源投入成本及創造利潤之壓力。 關鍵字:智慧型手機、企業轉型、產業價值鏈、資源基礎理論 / In this study, we apply the method of “case study” for the transformation of computer companies into smart phone industry in Taiwan. Using literature review and domain knowledge to reduce the individual bias, the study variables are defined, and the research framework is also proposed. Through interviewing with those companies, the strategy of transformation and critical success factor are analyzed in order to provide the references of business transformation in the future. As the result of study, the critical success factors are concluded as following:(1) It will increase the cost of learning curve if to ignore the integration between organizations during the transformation and merger. (2) “Innovation” and “quality” are the critical strength to fix chasm for brand strategy in the turnaround. (3) To formulate the strategy of procurement, it should be tied in corporation goal and regard it as the core competence. (4) A corporation abandons itself to former successful model during transformation into new industry, which will affect the frame of strategic direction and its business execution. (5) For the placement of organizational resource for turnaround, corporation should deeply consider for the cultivation of core competence in corporation. Besides, to obtain more assistant resource inputs from government to reduce the organizational pressure of return of investment. Keywords: Smartphone, Corporation Transformation, Turnaround and resource-based Theory.
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國際拍賣公司在台營運策略之研究 / Operational Strategies of International Auction Companies in Taiwan

鄧傳馨, Teng, Chual Hsin Unknown Date (has links)
華人藝術市場的主要區塊是台灣、香港、及中國大陸,然而三者的發展背景、時間和模式都不同。其中,台灣因為保留了最完整的中華文化與人文素養,使得台灣成為最早發展華人西畫藝術的地方,也是發展最成熟的地方,幾乎主導了「二十世紀華人藝術」項目的市場走向。 八零年代開始台灣經濟起飛,各項商業活動蓬勃發展,藝術市場也欣欣向榮。國際知名拍賣公司—蘇富比(Sotheby’s)洞見先機,1981年便來台設立辦事處,1992年台灣正式成為拍賣中心,於3月22日舉辦台灣首拍。競爭對手佳士得(Christie’s)則於1991年成立台灣辦事處(太古佳士得台灣分公司),1993年10月10日在台舉辦首場拍賣。這兩家在當時獨佔全球藝術拍賣市場的國際公司來台舉行拍賣會,帶動了台灣拍賣產業與國際接軌,更發展台灣成為華人西畫藝術最重要的成熟市場。 本研究的目的是比較九零年代兩大國際拍賣公司進入台灣市場的營運策略,梳理其策略觀點與資源基礎之分析,探討哪些異質性資源決定了企業競爭力的差異、影響持久競爭優勢之形成,及如何充分運用差異性機會追求成長。由於大多數台灣本土拍賣公司的規模與優勢較小,面對亞洲市場的成長和外國拍賣公司的潛在競爭,期望本研究結果有助於台灣本土拍賣公司在經營華人藝術項目的拍賣策略與經營方向的擬定。 本研究發現,蘇富比與佳士得在台獲致成功的營運策略核心是調適策略—因地制宜且熟悉地主國文化之地主國導向調適;而有關進入對台灣拍賣產業帶來之影響,本研究發現,兩大國際拍賣公司不僅幫助台灣藝術拍賣產業奠定各項規範,使台灣正式與國際接軌,也帶動畫廊、藝術博覽會等相關藝文產業升級,成功的拍賣會更擴大帶動周圍其他產業(如旅館業、餐飲業、會展業、精品業等)的發展商機。 ※ 關鍵字:資源基礎,佳士得,蘇富比,二十世紀華人藝術。 / The main areas of Chinese art market are Taiwan, Hong Kong and Mainland China; however, the developing background, time and model in each area are quite different. Among the three, Taiwan is the earliest and the most developed market for Chinese oil paintings because of its full preservation of Chinese culture and humanities. Taiwan almost dominates the market trend of “20th Century Chinese Art”. In 1980s, the economy in Taiwan was booming and commercial activities were very active which lead to thriving art market. Sotheby’s foresaw the opportunity to carry out auction business in Taiwan. Therefore, the company established Taiwan branch office in 1981 and upgraded the branch to auction center in 1992, holding the first auction in Taiwan on March 22nd in the same year. Its competitor, Christie’s, established Taiwan branch in 1991. Unlike Sotheby’s, Christie’s formed a joint venture to enter Taiwan. It established “Christie’s Swire” Taiwan in 1991 and started its first auction in October 10th, 1993. The two global auction companies coming to Taiwan to hold auctions drove Taiwan’s art auction industry to be geared to international standards. Furthermore, Sotheby’s and Christie’s coming has transformed Taiwan to become the most mature art market of 20th Century Chinese Art. The purpose of this thesis is to compare the operational strategies of Sotheby’s and Christie’s in Taiwan in the 90s. By analyzing their strategies and resource bases, we can understand how heterogeneous resources affect their competitiveness, sustainable competitive advantages, and pursuing of growth opportunities. Because most Taiwanese local auction houses are small and have less competitive advantage, facing the strong growth of Asian art market and potential competition of foreign auction houses, I hope that my research findings can help their strategic thinking and strategy formation to capture the business opportunities in 20th Century Chinese Art. This research finds that the core strategy to make Sotheby’s and Christie’s successful in Taiwan art market is “adaption”, which is a poly-centric adaption in which the companies are pretty familiar with local conditions and culture of the host country. As for the impact these two companies have on Taiwan art auction industry, this research finds that Sotheby’s and Christie’s coming not only help Taiwan settle the norms of auction and make Taiwan to be geared to international standards, but also drive galleries, art fairs and other related art industries upgrading. The successful auctions in Taiwan have also stimulated the development of other industries, such as hotels, restaurants, conventions, exhibitions, and luxury industry. ※ Keywords: Resource-based view, Sotheby’s, Christie’s, 20th Century Chinese Art.
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資源基礎、跨組織間知識共同演化行為與創新績效之研究 / The study of Resource Base, Inter-organizational Kowledge Co-evolutionary Behavior and Innovation Performance

方亮淵, Fang,Liang-Yuan Unknown Date (has links)
從理論而言,本論文企圖從生態演化的觀點,針對組織與組織間,或事業體與事業體間,觀察組織是否具有同生物物種間共同演化的現象,並從組織知識與學習的觀點,探討組織與組織間知識共同演化的行為機制與其對創新績效的關係。過去的文獻中,針對組織或事業體間之策略與績效間的關係,多數均從多角化的觀點出發,探討組織、市場或產品間的相關度,來預測績效的成果,但從資源基礎的角度觀察實務的現象,組織間的資源基礎,並非均可在組織間自由的流動或轉移,組織亦非只單純依賴於相關度高的其他事業組織才足以創造績效。因此,組織如何與其他的事業體組織進行資源的移轉以創造策略績效,特別是對於創新績效相關的知識資源,在現今的理論及文獻中,並沒有特別的加以探討。本研究針對此一研究的缺口,乃試圖利用生態學說之共同演化的觀點,奠基於Eisenhardt and Galunic(2000)之共同演化策略的文獻作出發點,來探討組織與組織間知識共同演化的行為機制,以及其對組織創新績效的影響。 經由文獻的探討與先導個案的觀察,本研究提出了主要的研究架構,在資源基礎構面上,本研究觀察了自我組織與其他對偶組織間三種資源:實體設備資源、技術知識資源、網絡關係資源;而在知識屬性構面上,本研究提出了領域相似性及功能互補性二個子構面,而在應變數創新績效上,本研究則觀察組織的創新件數、創新件數變動率及創新產業競爭力;創新績效類別上則觀察組織四種創新類型:產品創新、製程創新、技術創新以及市場創新等四個組織績效。而針對調節變數上,本研究則著由文獻歸納及個案觀察發展出組織間知識共同演化的四個行為構面:交互學習吸收、自我學習強化、相關變異適應與共有例規保留。藉由此四個構面所發展出的行為子構面題項問卷,本研究可以觀察組織與組織間知識共同演化行為的強度,以作為影響組織間資源基礎與組織創新績效關係的調節變數。 本研究藉由質性之個案研究法之先導個案─長興化工的觀察,發展出量化之問卷調查法之研究問卷,並針對潤泰企業集團之營建事業體與紡織事業體共十四個事業組織,二十八位受訪者進行實證研究,調查此十四個事業組織間所構成之364個對偶關係之組織關係,一一進行問卷調查及記錄。並依據此十四個事業組織受訪者問卷,進行數值分析及多變量分析工作。本研究係採用SPSS統計分析工具。 經由問卷統計分析的結果,本研究得到研究成果及結論如下: 1. 從資源基礎論的觀點,對於組織的創新績效,除自我組織的實體設備、技術知識及網絡關係資源有正向助益效果外,組織的資源亦可跨越組織疆界的概念,延伸至組織生態系統中其他對偶組織之資源基礎的層次。 2. 組織與其生態系統中其他對偶組織間的知識共同演化行為活動愈強,對偶組織之實體設備資源、技術知識資源及網絡關係資源,愈有助於組織之創新績效表現 2-1.自我組織與其他對偶組織間的交互學習吸收行為愈強,對偶組織之資源基礎愈有助於組織創新績效表現。 2-2.自我組織與其他對偶組織間的自我學習強化行為愈強,對偶組織之資源基礎愈有助於組織創新績效表現。 2-3.自我組織與其他對偶組織間的相關變異適應行為愈強,對偶組織之資源基礎愈有助於組織創新績效表現。 3. 組織與對偶組織間之知識屬性不同,其彼此間之知識共同演化行為的強度亦有所不同。知識領域相似性愈高,功能互補性愈高的組織,其知識共同演化的四個構面(交互學習吸收、自我學習強化、相關變異適應及共有例規保留)行為強度均較強。 4. 具有深度知識共同演化行為的事業部組織,其在創新的件數及創新的產業競爭力上,表現均會較其他中度知識共同演化或低度知識共同演化的事業部組織來得佳,且在新產品創新、新製程創新及新技術創新等方向上,與其他事業部具有深度知識共同演化的事業部組織,其創新績效較佳。 / The research, based on the evolutionary theory, tries to find is there any kind of the co-evolution relationship between organizations or business-units. Starting from the organization knowledge management and organizational learning, the research studies the co-evolution behavior mechanism between dyad organizations and also studies the impact of the knowledge co-evolution behavior on innovation performance. Reviewing the research which study the strategy and performance mechanism between organizations or business units, lot of them use the diversification point of view to propose the market relatedness or the product relatedness are important on estimating the performance of organization, especially the new market that organization will enter. The researcher finds there is a theatrical gap between the resource transferability of dyad organizations and innovation performance creating. However, based on the research of Eisenhardt and Galunic (2000), the research will use the evolutionary theory to study how organization adopting the knowledge resource from another organization to create organization innovation performance. The research concept structure proposed by the research will have four constructs. The first one, in resource based construct, this research propose three kinds of resource in self-organization and dyad organization: (1) tangible resource and asset in practice facility; (2) intangible resource and asset in technical knowledge; (3) network resource and asset between organizations. The second construct is the knowledge attribute. This research proposes two kind of attribute between organizations, (1)similarity of field knowledge and (2) complementarity of functional knowledge. In the dependent construct, the research proposes innovation performance in innovation success cases, innovation growth and competence of product innovation, technical innovation, process innovation and market innovation. In the final construct of moderator variable, the research propose four dimensions of the knowledge co-evolutionary mechanism: (1) knowledge learning and absorbing; (2) knowledge combining and creating; (3) knowledge adapting on relative variance; (4) practicing on mutual organization routine. The methodologies of the research are case study and questionnaire interview and analyze. We review 14 organizations of textile division and civil engineering divisions of Ruentex Group. After analyzing the questionnaire of 28 interviewers, the research generates four conclusions as below: (1) From the resource-based view, not only the resource of self-organization could have positive benefit on the performance of organization innovation, but also the resource from dyad organization could contribute on innovation performance. The concept of organization resource could break through the organization boundary and extend to the dyad organization in the same organizational environment. (2) The more knowledge co-evolutionary behavior, the more benefit of inter-organizational resource will have on innovation performance. A. The more knowledge learning and absorbing on co-evolutionary behavior, the more benefit of inter-organizational resource will have on innovation performance. B. The more knowledge combining and creating on co-evolutionary behavior, the more benefit of inter-organizational resource will have on innovation performance. C. The more knowledge adapting on relative variance on co-evolutionary behavior, the more benefit of inter-organizational resource will have on innovation performance. (3) The knowledge attribute of the two dyad organizations will effect on the degree of the knowledge co-evolutionary behavior. The higher the similarity of field knowledge and complementarity of functional knowledge, the heavier the inter-organizational knowledge co-evolutionary behavior. (4) The innovation performance of the organization which have heavier knowledge co-evolutionary behavior will better then the ones have medium or lighter knowledge co-evolutionary behavior, especially on the product innovation, process innovation and technical innovation performance.

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