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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

台灣農會組織之研究提要

陳聰勝, DCHEN, CONG-SHENG Unknown Date (has links)
亞洲開發銀行於其一九六八年的亞洲農業調查報告中強調:開發中國家農業發展的要 素雖是(一)、有效的水利灌溉系統,(二)、良好的農田生產保證,(三)、積極 的農業推廣工作及(四)、有效的供銷設施等四項,但如何由農民組織團體予以運作 ,則為上述四項要素的先決條件。我國農民團體多種,但如就對台灣農民生活、農業 發展、農村繁榮及國家建設之貢獻而言,似應以農會最為重要。 本文共分八章,主要探討台灣農會的沿革、性質、組織及其對人員滿足與政治效果等 方面的影響。 第一章為緒論,第一節說明本文研究的動機、理論基礎與研究架構及方法三部分。第 二節探討台灣農會的沿革,由於光復前之農會係在不同政制下的農民組織,加上光復 前資料缺乏,搜集不易,故僅作溯源性的敘述,以明現今農會的前身及其背景。第三 節先就政治、法律及法會三方面探討其一般性質,次就較其他團體特殊之處,說明其 特徵。 第二章為農會的組織環境。組織理論的演展,系統論指出:任何團體組織均是大社會 中的一開放性次級系統,與外在的環境交互作用,相互影響。 第三章為農會的組織目標,共分三節,第一節析述農會的基本目標──農有、農治、 農享,乃是三民主義精神在農會的表現,也是農會改進發展的理想目標。第二節乃從 農會有關人員對營運目標的看法及現階段業務發展的重點兩角度,探討農會的業務營 運目標。第三節在瞭解農會二十項法定任務的執行情形,因為這是農會目標所由達成 的憑藉。 第四章為農會的組織結構,又分三節,第一節研析組織體制,第二節為組織形態,第 三節為農會的工作單位,探討其層級組織、控制幅度、農會內部單位的結構分化及其 職能專化,以及各單位現存問題的探討等事項。 第五章為農會人員,第一節研析會員的入會途徑、性質、未入會的原因,以及入會的 資格條件等事項。第二節乃分析農事小組長、會員代表、理事及監事的資格條件、任 期與限制,選舉的程序與選舉問題等。第三節為總幹事的遴聘,首述本制度的緣由及 內容,次言總幹事候聘人應具的積極、消極條件與有關限制,並對總幹事遴聘派代制 度的評價,作一問卷調查分析,結果顯示該制度獲得多數人的同意與支持。 第六章為農會的工作程序,旨在瞭解農會內部人員、單位及二者之間的互動關係,而 以領導、溝通與決策等三方面作分析。第一節析述組織領導,第二節為溝通與決策, 第三節是領導分別與溝通、決策的關係,發現兩者間乃有極顯著的關聯。 第七章為農會對政治的影響,亦即農會的政治效果之分析。第一節乃根據利益團體理 論析述農會爭取權益的活動方式,包括爭取民意機關支時、利用報章雜誌宣傳、運用 選舉的手段、應邀參與立法、利用政府委辦事項之機會、向政府陳情與請願、接近政 府人員及透過黨部反應等八種。第二節析述農會政治參與的情形,第三節為農會在政 治溝通上的角色,除瞭解農會有關人員對法令的反應態度、陳情案的內容外,並探討 政令消息的宣導與溝通的效果,發現農會在政府與農民間乃具有承轉的功能,而可協 助政府防範農民問題的發生。第四節為農會與國家整合,農會因執行國家政令,使中 央政府權力藉農會深入基層的組織體制而達到地方,有助於地域上的整合,而國家利 農法令與政策施行的結果,使得農民感激政府,而收向心力之效,此農會亦與有功焉 !第五節為農會與政治穩定,自國選舉的參與、對農村經濟發展的貢獻,以及對未來 前途的展望等方面,探討與政治穩定的關係,從問卷調查意見中,發現多數人認為土 地改革與農會是今日農村繁榮與安定的最大貢獻者。 第八章結論,第一節係將前述各章研究的結果,列述其重要者以為本文的結論,亦可 說是研究發現,部分似可作為進一步研究的假設。第二節乃就當前農會比較重要的幾 項問題提出檢討,並試提原則性的改進建議,以供有關當局參考。 /
12

非營利組織策略合作之研究-以台灣農會為例 / A Study of Strategic Cooperatoin Among Non-profit Organizations: Farmers' Associations in Taiwan

張榮農, Chang, Jung-nung Unknown Date (has links)
本研究以非營利組織策略合作為主題,以策略性思維,嘗試探索較能解釋非營利組織策略合作型式選擇決策之合作內涵特性,且以此發現為基礎,從較具解釋效果之合作內涵特性分析,進一步針對非營利組織策略合作之價值共創與關係管理機制,探索較具策略管理意涵之機制變數,以建構本研究所欲探討之非營利組織策略合作型式選擇模式,以及價值共創與關係管理機制之概念模式,並提出規範性之命題。   為此,本研究選擇了具有近百年歷史且經營模式獨特之台灣農會(會員導向之擬公法人商業-互益型非營利組織)作為研究對象,結合非營利組織與營利組織之相關理論及文獻,針對實務現象進行分析。由於所欲探討主題屬特定現象之初期探討,本文採質性多重個案研究設計,針對由三家(含)以上農會所參與組成之聯盟機構蒐集資料,並以聯盟機構或策略合作網絡之主導機構為主體之組織間合作關係為分析單位,進行資料蒐集及探索性研究。   首先,歸納文獻與實務現象觀察結果,本研究依非營利組織策略合作「是否共組獨立機構」及「是否採非營利性」兩項選擇決策,將聯盟機構歸納分類成四種策略合作型式:非營利性合營機構、營利性合資機構、非營利性聯盟及營利性聯盟,此項分類方式也作為本研究後續進行個案分析之基礎。   由於不同策略合作型式傾向採取不同之組織原理與思考邏輯,本研究認為非營利組織(農會)進行策略合作,若要持續共同創造所欲追求之價值並妥善管理組織間關係,應策略性地選擇較能發揮效能之合作型式,再據以設計其價值共創與關係管理機制。因此,本研究之個案分析分成兩個階段進行,第一階段個案研究主要嘗試從實務個案資料分析歸納較能解釋不同策略合作型式之合作內涵特性變數;第二階段個案研究主要聚焦探討「非營利性聯盟」及「非營利性合營機構」兩種非營利性質之合作型式,並以第一階段有關合作內涵特性變數之發現為基礎,進一步探索兩種合作型式之價值共創與關係管理機制變數。   本研究第一階段個案分析歸納發現,如果合作內涵涉及高度業務可切割性及高度關係專用資產投入必要性時,較宜採取共組獨立機構之合作型式;反之,如果合作內涵涉及低度業務可切割性或低度關係專用資產投入必要性時,較宜採取不共組獨立機構之合作型式。另外,如果合作內涵涉及高度投入共同性、低度投入可衡量性、高度產出共同性或低度產出可衡量性時,較宜採取非營利性之合作型式;然而,如果合作內涵涉及低度投入共同性、高度投入可衡量性、低度產出共同性或高度產出可衡量性時,較宜採取營利性之合作型式。   至於第二階段有關價值共創機制之個案分析發現,如果合作內涵涉及低度業務可切割性時,非營利性聯盟可以採取幾項價值共創機制:合作夥伴專業分工、合作夥伴選擇、任務小組負責人選派制度、合作夥伴創新能力、外部資源有效分配方式,以及外部專家專業諮詢;相對地,合作內涵涉及高度業務可切割性時,非營利性合營機構可以透過專業團隊經營、董(理)監事選聘制度、領導人甄選制度、創新經營模式、組織設計決策管理與控制分離政策,以及設立外部獨立董(理)監事等機制來營造彼此價值共創之氛圍。   如果合作內涵涉及低度關係專用資產投入必要性時,要有效利用合作夥伴既有資源及外部取得資源以共同營造合作網絡之綜效價值,非營利性聯盟可以採取幾項價值共創機制:任務小組負責人選派制度、資源有效利用方式、合作夥伴之資源與技術有效整合,以及合作夥伴網絡關係運用;相對地,合作內涵涉及高度關係專用資產投入必要性時,非營利性合營機構可以採取董(理)監事選聘制度、具體資源運用計畫、合營機構領導人組專業團隊之權力,以及有效專業服務平台等價值共創機制。   針對關係管理機制之探討,經個案分析發現,如果合作內涵涉及高度投入共同性時,兩種非營利性質之策略合作型式可以透過可接受之合作規範、建立共同標準、資訊對等溝通,以及能力不足補救措施來提升合作夥伴配合共同投入意願。合作內涵涉及低度投入可衡量性時,可以賦予投入較多之合作機構主導資源利用方向之決策權以維持其投入意願;涉及高度產出共同性時,可以透過共同品質控管、不符標準產出配套處理措施及外部誘因來提升合作夥伴配合共同產出要求之意願;至於涉及低度產出可衡量性時,可以透過目標達成度評核措施、外部專家專業認定及可接受之利益分配方式來協調合作夥伴關係。   過去文獻對非營利組織之合作關係,較少以策略性思維進行探討,本研究之發現可延伸應用並補強現有合作相關理論與文獻對非營利組織間合作有關實務現象之解釋,對未來有關非營利組織合作關係之研究,也提供另一個思考方向;加上組織間策略合作也是當前政府輔導農民團體因應台灣加入WTO後之政策加強重點,本研究配合組織思索轉型所需,實務上期能提供農會研擬組織間合作策略及政府推動農民團體輔導政策之參考。 / Strategic cooperation is taken as an alternative resort for solving problems facing non-profit organizations (NPO) which suffer a bottleneck in operations resulting from mounting resource scarcity and external threats. It is especially deemed so for farmers’ associations in Taiwan, which were closely associated with the development of agriculture on the island in the past century and have been seriously affected after Taiwan entered the World Trade Organizations(WTO)in 2002. Given this understanding, we conduct a two-phase study to observe the phenomena by studying farmers’ associations in Taiwan. Research 1 attempts to explore the cooperation characteristics which can most explain the decision on strategic cooperation types chosen by at least 3 farmers’ associations in each network. Research 2, based on the findings of Research 1, attempts to explore the value-co-creating and relation-maintaining mechanisms for such relations. As part of the methodology, we apply an exploratory multiple-case-study design and refer to NPO and PO (for-profit organization) literature for analytical induction. Prior to the case study, we first categorize the NPO strategic cooperation relations into four types: Non-profit joint operations, for-profit joint ventures, non-profit alliances and for-profit alliances. This categorization made in accordance with literature review and observed phenomena serves as a basis for our further research. In Research 1, we examine 5 theoretically sampled cases and find out 2 characteristics variables which can most explain the decision on whether to organize an independent institution, and 4 variables which can most explain the decision on whether to keep the cooperation for non-profit purpose or change it into for-profit relations. According to our findings, if cooperation involves high business separability and high necessity for relation-specific asset input, we suggest a choice for organizing another new independent institution (i.e. non-profit joint operations or for-profit joint ventures). If cooperation involves low business separability and low necessity for relation-specific asset input, we suggest a choice for not organizing an independent institution (i.e. non-profit alliances or for-profit alliances). In terms of the “non-profit or for-profit” decision, if cooperation involves high input commonality, low input measurability, high output commonality and low output measurability, we suggest a non-profit choice (i.e. non-profit joint operations or non-profit alliances). If cooperation involves low input commonality, high input measurability, low output commonality and high output measurability, we suggest a for-profit choice (i.e. for-profit joint ventures or for-profit alliances). For the second research, we focus our study on the two non-profit cooperation types and examine 8 theoretically sampled cases including 5 non-profit alliances and 3 non-profit joint operations. We explore the value-co-creating mechanisms by analyzing case data from the two characteristics variables which can most explain the “organizing an independent institution or not” decision in consideration that the two studied types take different cooperation forms and may apply different mechanisms for co-creating synergetic value in the network. Meanwhile, we explore the relation-maintaining mechanisms from the four characteristics variables which can most explain the “non-profit or for-profit” decision because the two studied types is of non-profit nature and involve high input commonality, low input measurability, high output commonality and low output measurability. It is of strategic significance to heighten partners’ will for continued cooperation in such non-profit relations. Our findings of the value co-creating mechanisms suggest 6 mechanism variables for the non-profit alliances and non-profit joint operations, respectively, depending on their levels of business separability. Analysis from the characteristics of necessity for relation-specific asset input, in similar manner, suggests 4 variables for the two studied types, respectively. In the exploration of relation-maintaining mechanisms, results suggest 4 mechanism variables for the non-profit types if cooperation involves high input commonality, 1 variable for relations involving low input measurability, 3 variables for relations involving high output commonality, and 3 variables for relations involving low output measurability. Although there may be many mechanisms which can help partners to co-create value and maintain relations in their cooperation, this research attempts to explore only the variables which can be of more strategic significance for the two focus types. Following our findings in Research 1 and 2, we provide normative propositions and build a decision-making model for the choice of strategic cooperation types and another integrative conceptual model of the value-co-creating and relation-maintaining mechanisms for non-profit alliances and joint operations. Farmers’ associations, which boast of a history of nearly 100 years in Taiwan, are unique in their business models as compared to other non-profit organizations. On top of that, NPO inter-organizational cooperation relations are seldom examined from strategic perspective. Theoretically speaking, findings of this dissertation can further extend and supplement the explanation and the application of present theories and literature to the phenomena in this regard. Implications and recommendations for managerial practices of inter-organizational cooperation among farmers’ associations are also discussed.
13

金融預警、合併監理與分級管理制度之研究 / A Study on Early Warning System, Unified Financial Supervision, and Classified Regulatory Principle.

鄭璟紘, Cheng, Ching Hung Unknown Date (has links)
本研究分析我國49家本國銀行、55家信用合作社、287家農會信用部及27家漁會信用部等四類金融機構之經營現況,並參照各國金融預警制度運作方式,選取適合的財務比率,運用SAS統計軟體及Z-score、Logistic等模型,分別找出造成各類金融機構經營失敗之顯著相關財務比率,評估各類金融機構之經營效率、失敗機率與模型之正確區別率,以建立預測金融機構失敗機率之預警模型。研究之樣本資料分別為:本國銀行49家、2001年第2季~2003年底共計11季25項財務比率,信用合作社55家、1998年底~2003年底共計21季26項財務比率,農會信用部287家1998年底~2003年底共計21季25項財務比率,漁會信用部27家1998年底~2003年底共計21季25項財務比率。 本研究之結論為: 一、彙整Z-Score模型對各類金融機構具有顯著性之財務變數,本國銀行有6項、信用合作社有7項、農會信用部有6項,漁會信用部有4項。 二、彙整Logistic模型對各類金融機構具有顯著性之財務變數,本國銀行、信用合作社各有6項,農會信用部有5項,漁會信用部有4項。 三、金融預警模型中,Logistic模型較Z-Score模型有較高的正確區別率。 / This research analyzes 49 domestic banks, 55 credit cooperative unions, 287 credit department of farmer associations and 27 credit department of fisherman associations above four kind of financial institution´s management situation, and refers the operation ways of various countries financial early warning system, selects suitable financial ratios , utilizes SAS statistics software and Z-score, Logistic models, it identifies the root cause of bankruptcy thus reveals finance of ratio the correlation, appraises management efficiency, the defeat probability each kind of financial institution if the correct difference rate. It appraises each kind of financial institution´s management efficiency, defeats probability and correct difference rate. It establishes early warning model that forecasts financial institutions failure rate. The research model and period: used 49 domestic banks from 2001 in 2nd season to the end of 2003 total 11 seasons and 25 items of finance ratio、55 credit cooperative associations from the end of 1998 to the end of 2003 total 21 seasons and 26 items of finance ratio、287 credit department of farmer associations and 27 credit department of fisherman associations from the end of 1998 to the end of 2003 total 21 seasons which used respectively 25 items of finance ratio. The conclusion of this research are: Firstly, it collects the entire Z-Score model to have significant financial indicator to each kind of financial institution, the domestic banks have 6 items, the credit cooperative associations have 7 items, the credit department of farmer associations have 6 items, and the credit department of fisherman associations have 4 items. Secondly, it collects the entire Logistic model to have significant financial indicator to each kind of financial institution, the domestic banks and the credit cooperative associations have 6 items respectively, the credit department of farmer associations have 5 items, and the credit department of fisherman associations have 4 items. Thirdly, in the financial early warning model, when comparing Z-Score with Logistic model , the latter appears to have a higher correct difference rate.

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