身心障礙者如同一般人，擁有獨立自主的人權，但因其障礙使然，如要達到自立生活，時常需要藉助外界的協助。障礙者自立生活已逐漸成為障礙者社會促進的制度典範，在如此的前提下，支援障礙者的自立生活的自立支援措施，應為如何的設計，應為障礙者社會促進措施的研究要點所在。本文旨在從日本與台灣的學界及實定法中，探尋障礙者福利措施的典範移轉，以及從「自立」於社會保障法上及障礙者社會促進中的意義，剖析障礙者自立支援措施的應有樣貌，並進而藉此檢視及分析日本與台灣身心障礙者法制中具體的障礙者自立支援措施，提出本文的比較結論，期待能對我國的身心障礙者社會促進法制未來的改革，提供比較法上的參考。本文研究架構如下： 第一章為緒論，介紹本論文的研究動機與目的、研究範圍、用詞定義、研究方法及研究架構。 第二章探討身心障礙法政策的典範移轉。本章將先針對身心障礙者社會福利法制的典範移轉進行論述，再介紹身心障礙者的自立生活運動的國際脈絡，其理念、內容、發源及於亞洲的擴散。 第三章探討「自立」及「自立支援」於日本社會保障法脈絡中的意義。本章將從日本學說及實定法進行剖析，目的為將對於「自立」概念論述較深入的日本狀況，引為參考標的。 第四章為探討日本障礙者自立支援法及障礙者總合支援法之法制。從其發展脈絡，到具體的法制內容介紹，使讀者一窺日本對於障礙者支援法制之中心─障礙者總合支援法之樣貌，並對本文後續章節之我國與日本制度的比較進行鋪陳。 第五章為將先針對我國身心障礙者權益保障法中與障礙者自立生活較有相關的個人支持服務進行介紹，再進行台日制度的比較分析。 第六章為本文結論，本文將於本章呼應本文研究動機及目的，提出結語。

多數人仰賴視覺做為探索世界的管道，連帶的視覺性符號或語言用法也成為人際互動最主要的溝通方式。視障者佔全台灣總人口數約千分之二的比例，在視覺型態的社會中，他們的生活經驗為何？如何看待自身的定位與外在社會環境？這些都是值得討論的問題。 基於此，本研究旨在探討台灣重度視覺障礙者個人的生涯發展，內容涵蓋重度視障者本身的自我概念、教育過程、就業過程等層面及其影響，此外，外在環境如社會態度、重要他人與相關就業政策等，亦是本研究所欲探討的主要範疇。 本研究係採質性研究方法，其中透過深度訪談了解視障個案之生命經驗、想法與感受，經由參與觀察實際接觸視障個案的生活，輔以相關文件做為參考，做為探討重度視障者生涯發展之基礎。根據上述資料彙整並描述五位視障個案的生命故事，簡潔言之，得到下列發現： 一、自我概念於視障者個人生涯中扮演的角色： 1.自我概念發展與社會互動有關，與生理障礙未必有直接相關；2.視障者亦有個別差異，不應以偏蓋全而加諸刻板印象；3.自我概念型態影響個人的生涯決定與發展方向。 二、教育和視障者個人生涯之關係： 1.學校的課程安排影響未來就業，其中缺少生涯輔導相關課程；2.視障者本身強調走讀教育與啟明學校的影響有所差異。 三、視障者求職就業的現況： 1.部分機構以刻板印象先行否定其就業能力；2.職業訓練經常是就業的前提；3.不同社會文化對於按摩工作的評價差異兩極。 四、外在社會環境和視障者個人生涯發展之關係： 1.外在世界由明眼人所支配，包括溝通之符號與言語用法皆以視覺做為基礎；2.與社會大眾之間缺乏相互理解而產生鴻溝；3.真正的需求和政策間存有落差；4.建設無障礙環境需以同理心為前提，兼顧視障者與非視障者的需求。 依據研究結果提供以下建議： 一、實務建議：1.進用視障者應由政府機構與教育單位先行做起；2.教育機構安排一般生體驗視障生活，增進對視障者的了解；3.透過廣播電台讓社會大眾重視視障者的需求；4.透過替代役的方式恢復視協員的制度；5.志工可依個人專長加以訓練。 二、對未來研究之建議：1.探討走讀與啟明不同教育背景對於視障者的生涯發展影響；2.探討不同城鄉地區視障者的生涯發展；3.探討從事不同職類之視障者的生涯發展；4.比較國內外重度視障者的生涯發展；5.攝影器材可以作為參與觀察之工具。 / Most people rely on their vision as the medium to explore the world; therefore, visual symbols or linguistic usages soon become the main communication way of human-to-human interaction. Whereas individuals with visual impairment in Taiwan represent approximately 0.2% of the total population, we would like to know what lives the visually impaired have experienced in this visual-type society? How they position themselves and what their perspectives are on the external society? These are issues worth discussing. Based on the foregoing, this research mainly discusses the career development of individuals with severe visual impairment, including various dimensions and influences such as their self-concepts, education processes, employment courses, and so on. Moreover, the public attitude, significant others and relevant employment policies related to the external society are also main points in this study. The study adopts qualitative research by conducting in-depth interviews with the visually impaired individuals to realize their life experiences, thoughts and feelings. Via not only participant observation and practical contact toward these cases, the researcher also applies related documents as the reference to be the foundation of discussing the career development of people with severe visual impairment. According to the collected information mentioned above and life narratives of five visually impaired cases, the main findings of study are summarized as followed: (1) The role self-concept plays in visually impaired individuals’ careers: 1. Self-concept of an individual with visual disabilities has concern with social interaction, but not necessarily directly relates to the physiological handicap. 2. The visual impaired also have individual differences so that we should avoid the so-called stereotype that may divide them into only a few categories. 3. Their own conceptual models about themselves do affect their decision of career and the direction they choose to develop. (2) The relationship between education and visually impaired individuals’ own careers: 1. Curriculum designs in school influence the future career, however, there is a lack of related career guidance. 2. Individuals with visual impairment themselves emphasize that the influence of inclusive education differs from that of school for the blind. (3) The recent employment status of people with visual disabilities: 1. Some institutions even deny the working ability of visually impaired people based on the fixed stereotype. 2. Job training is usually the prerequisite for them to obtain a job. 3. Different societies or cultures tend to see the massage job with extremely opposing opinions. (4) The connection between external society and personal career development of the visually impaired people: 1. People with vision dominate the outward world, so that symbols we communicate with each other and languages we use in daily life are all based on the “ sight ”. 2. Gaps appear between visually impaired individuals and the public due to the shortage of mutually understandings. 3. What people with visual impairment practically demand differs from our policies. 4. The barrier-free environment should be constructed under the prerequisite of empathy that look after both the visible and the invisible. Below are suggestions based on the results of this research: (1) For the practice: 1. Government apparatus and education institutes should lead the way to hire the visually impaired people. 2. Education institutes arrange normal people to experience invisible life to be acquainted with these visually disabled people more. 3. Arousing people to pay much attention to needs of this visually impaired individuals through the broadcaster. 4. By way of substituted soldiers we may bring the system of guide people back. 5. Volunteers can be trained according to their professional specialties. (2) For the oncoming research: 1.To explore how the two different educational backgrounds of inclusive education and school for the blind affect the career development of people with visual impairment. 2. To compare their career developments of towns and countries. 3. To enquire their career developments of various positions. 4. To compare the native career developments of visually disabled people with overseas. 5. To use photographic equipments can be used as tools for participant observation.

本研究主要針對於支持性就業服務模式中的重要相關人員，身心障礙者家屬、雇主、就業服務員，進行調查研究。以此三者角色不同的觀點來瞭解各自對支持性就業服務施行的看法，並以三者觀點找出影響身心障礙者就業穩定的因素，以及目前支持性就業服務實施的困境。研究者以台北市育成社會福利基金會為主要研究範圍，而從中發展出參與支持性就業服務之相關人員為研究選取對象，共有五名就業服務員、六名雇主同意進行深入訪談研究、以及有接受機構支持性就業服務之七十六名個案之家屬進行問卷調查。 研究結果為 (一)綜合三方之意見，可以發現就雇主、案家、就業服務員各方角度而言，對於支持性就業服務模式的實施的評價皆持正面、肯定的態度，一致對此項服務方案持認同的看法，認為支持性就業的實施是值得推廣的。(二)、歸納三方之觀點整理影響身心障礙者就業穩定之相關因素在身心障礙者本身方面是工作態度、工作技能、社會技巧、人際關係、體能狀況、穩定的情緒、以及個案之兩性交往處理得宜；在身心障礙者家庭方面是案家適宜的支持與配合；在職場方面是職場自然支持系統的建立、雇主願意提供就業機會給身心障礙者、職場雇主同事的包容與接納；在機構方面是就業服務員適宜的輔導策略、機構有良好的資源可運用；在政府方面是相關法令政策之徹底落實與推廣。(三)、歸納三方的觀點認為造成目前支持性就業服務推行的困境，在身心障礙者本身方面是說謊、遲到、隨意請假、偷竊、曠職、工作懶散、不積極、沒有工作動機、情緒不穩定、自尊心強、自我意識高、以及人際溝通能力弱、兩性交往問題、體能限制、健康狀況不佳、工作能力無法符合職場要求；在身心障礙者家庭方面是案家配合度不佳、過度保護或干涉、對個案就業期待過高、對個案就業狀況漠不關心；在雇主方面是對身心障礙員工不夠包容接納、對支持性就業服務內容的不瞭解、對雇用獎勵措施不清楚、對身心障礙者特性的不瞭解、不願提供工作機會給身心障礙者、提供給身心障礙者工作職種的限定、不願長期訓練身心障礙員工；在政府方面是雇用獎勵申請手續繁瑣、相關政策宣導不足；在機構方面是就業服務員本身服務知能與實務經驗不足，輔導技巧不夠純熟、與其他機構就業服務員間交流不足，無法做資源溝通與分享。

本論文關注世紀末台灣文學中的污名身體，試探文學研究的「身體轉向」可能性。在心靈為上肉體為下的現代文明中，「身體轉向」這個詞提倡將研究焦點從本來被尊崇的心靈轉向總是被邊緣化的肉體。本研究認為文學研究者除了重視文學中身體的寓意外，也要關注身體「自身展開的敘述及文本」（羅蘭・巴特語）。論文的主標題「身不由己」一詞，簡而言之，就是沒辦法「做自己」。本研究將透過台灣文學中的污名身體，揭露為什麼做自己好難。本論文試圖在結論統整污名身體的共有經驗，重新摸索一條「做自己」的路。 有鑑於高夫曼《污名》的啟發。本研究發現台灣文學中的污名身體，也時常採用高夫曼根據西方文獻中受污者的行為所歸納的各種方法抵抗污名。但是高夫曼大多分析西方社會的受污名者如何回應、隱藏於常人社會。不過本研究透過台灣文學的閱讀經驗，想要補充台灣的社會結構使受污名者發展不同的抵抗策略。海澀愛在〈污名的比較〉中指出，高夫曼並不批判造成受污名者處境的社會結構。而本研究指出，高夫曼所描述的種種情境，模糊了正常人與受污名者的界線。高夫曼正是透過模糊兩者之間的界線，鬆動看似穩固的社會結構。 這份研究力求擴大社會對於芸芸眾生的多元身體想像，並將分析下列三種污名身體：一、非主流審美觀的身體；二、愛滋的身體；三、跨性別的身體。本研究以這三種身體為例，除了因為他們都容易落入污名處境外，也因為這些身體都因特定的生理差異被邊緣化。本論文將這三種身體以污名身體一詞涵蓋，是受到海澀愛等國內外學者的啟迪。海澀愛表示，透過「污名」一詞能夠跨越連結不同的身分類別。本文探討的年代，以二十世紀末的文本為主。這是因為解嚴前後的社會運動發展蓬勃，許多邊緣弱勢的身體都紛紛站出來為自己發聲。他們的身體也因此被許多文學創作者記錄下來寫進文學。 一、非主流審美觀的身體散見於七等生〈灰色鳥〉、郭正偉《可是美麗的人（都）死掉了》，以及徐嘉澤《不熄燈的房》。本研究要藉這些文本，分析非主流身體與現代主義的糾葛；觀察「另類」的非主流身體的生存之道。還有非主流身體如何翻轉「勵志性」及「健全」主義的壓迫。 二、文學中愛滋的身體並不少見，不過本研究認為下列的文本較能呈現愛滋（防治）進程的歷史。本研究將探討李昂〈禁色的愛〉、林俊頴〈愛奴〉，以及汪其楣《青春悲懷》。本研究將透過分析敘事者與感染者的位置，以及文本中的男同性戀感染者。藉此分析官方愛滋政策下導致的歧視與偏見。本論文也要進一步分析寫作者如何透過寫作策略，抵抗愛滋污名。 三、最後，本論文要透過成英姝《人類不宜飛行》、吳繼文《天河撩亂》，以及林佑軒的〈女兒命〉討論跨性別者的身體部署與抵抗污名的策略。本研究注重文本中跨性別身體的物質性，並進一步分析跨性別身體如何抵抗污名與偏見。

本作品紀錄家人對患有腦性麻痺的弟弟無私的付出與照護，用影片呈現以阿嬤為首的家人，如何努力、認真地面對不幸與殘缺。創作過程同時作為自我療癒的實踐方式，本人藉此過程重新獲得勇氣與面對遺憾的信心。 在拍攝手法上，主要採取參與模式（The Participatory Mode）紀錄家人與弟弟相處的情形，呈現家屬努力不懈的奮鬥精神。期盼透過作品，觀眾能夠打破對身心障礙群體及其家屬單一且刻板的淒苦印象，肯定家屬們的努力，並且理解病患與家屬之間緊密、雙向與互助的情感聯繫。 本創作論述提供創作的背景與動機，關於敘事治療、疾病、照護、紀錄片類型的文獻探討，以及創作內容說明。 / This film records my family’s wholehearted devotion to my little brother with cerebral palsy. It reveals how my grandmother and family members fight with the misfortune and transcend it. As a practice of self-healing, I obtain courage and confidence to face the trauma that has been buried in my mind since my little brother became disabled through the whole process. I apply the“Participatory Mode”of documentary to record how my little brother and my family live their lives to reveal their unyielding spirit. I hope this film can change the stereotypical impressions of the disabled and their families in the society and let people truly understand the tight inter-subjective bonds between the disabled and their families. The thesis declares my motives and story background of this creation in the first part. It then reviews the literary writings about self-healing, cerebral palsy, family caregiving, and documentary directing. In the third part, I explain all the treatment of my film.

本研究的主要目的在瞭解學校人員對無障礙校園環境的認知，並探討臺北市國民中學無障礙校園設施的運用、設計與問題，同時研擬具體可行之「臺北市國民中學無障礙校園環境檢核表」，作為行政機關及學校的參考。 為達上述目的，本研究採文獻探討、問卷調查、專家座談及實地觀察訪談等四種研究方法。首先透過文獻分析，探討無障礙環境的基本理念與法令、規章的發展概況，及臺北市無障礙校園環境的執行過程；其次，以文獻探討的結果及專家座談的建議，研擬具體可行的「臺北市國民中學無障礙校園環境檢核表」及編製「臺北市國民中學無障礙校園環境調查問卷」，進行問卷調查研究，並輔以實地觀察訪談，以瞭解學校人員對無障礙環境的認知，及臺北市國民中學無障礙校園設施的運用、設計與問題。 本研究的調查對象為臺北市國民中學之校長、總務主任、特教組長、教師及家長會長（或代表），共57所學校，計發出問卷285份，總計收回53所學校260份問卷，回收率為91.2﹪，實得有效問卷260份，並以SPSS 10.0 For Windows軟體進行問卷資料之統計分析；實地觀察訪談對象，依學校規模分大、中、小型（60班以上為大校、59班至35班為中校、34班以下為小校）三組，每組再依建校歷史，以民國79年「殘障福利法」修正公布為準，分新、舊兩組，各抽取一所學校，以該校總務主任為訪談之對象，該校為實地觀察之地點，共6人。 根據文獻探討、問卷調查、專家座談及實地觀察訪談的結果，獲得以下結論： 一、臺北市國民中學認為無障礙校園環境很重要，認知狀況普遍良好，其中以特教組長對無障礙校園環境的認知狀況最好。 二、臺北市國民中學無障礙設施的使用情形尚可，維護情形良好。 三、臺北市國民中學規畫最好的無障礙設施是「坡道及扶手」、「廁所、盥洗室」、「昇降機（電梯）」，最難規劃的無障礙設施是「昇降機（電梯）」、「觀眾席（如視聽教室、禮堂、演藝廳等）」等，尚須改善的無障礙設施有「觀眾席（如視聽教室、禮堂、演藝廳等）」、「昇降機（電梯）」、「避難層出入口」。 四、臺北市國民中學無障礙設施規劃設計上比較困難的因素是原有建築或空間及經費的受限，故臺北市政府教育局應提供協助以建構完善的無障礙校園環境，其中檢核表對臺北市國民中學無障礙校園環境的推動深具價值。 根據研究發現與結論，提出建議如下： 一、臺北市國民中學的無障礙校園環境應整體性規劃，其中特教組長應積極扮演協同的角色，並為師生辦理無障礙校園環境體認等多元活動。 二、臺北市政府教育局應利用儲訓或相關研習加強學校主管的無障礙校園環境理念與實務，對經費補助的方式則應先檢核評估學校整體無障礙環境並以整體規畫、專案補助為主，其中「觀眾席」、「升降機」、「避難層出入口」等設施的新建或修繕補助應列為第一優先，並應提供無障礙校園環境相關諮詢管道與一份完善的無障礙校園環境檢核表以供協助，同時建立各校無障礙設施之基本資料與執行績效評量制度，並對總務人員任期的人事法令予以鬆綁以為配套。 三、其他建議如：各大學院校相關系所應開設無障礙校園環境的相關課程；我國建築技術規則等相關法規應儘速修正並儘速建立人體工學資料。 / The main purpose of this study was to provide an insight into the understanding of staffs in schools of the barrier-free campus environment and to investigate the implementation, design and problems related to the barrier-free campus facilities in junior high schools in Taipei City. In addition, the researcher proposed an applicable “Checklist for the Barrier-Free Campus Environment in Junior High Schools in Taipei City” for the reference of both the authorities and schools. To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the researcher adopted the methods of literature analysis, questionnaires, seminars and field surveys in this study. First of all, through analysis, the researcher explored the basic ideals, the development of rules and regulations and the process of implementation of the barrier-free campus in Taipei City. Secondly, based on the results from the literature analysis and the suggestions from experts in various seminars, the researcher proposed an applicable “Checklist for the Barrier-Free Campus Environment in Junior High Schools in Taipei City,” designed a “Questionnaire on the Barrier-Free Campus Environment in Junior High Schools in Taipei City,” conducted questionnaire surveys and field surveys to get an insight into the understanding of staffs in schools of the barrier-free campus environment and the implementation, structure and problems related to the barrier-free campus facilities. The research subjects of this study were principals, directors of general affairs, chiefs of special education, teachers, and presidents (or representatives) of parent committee in junior high schools in Taipei. The researcher sent out 285 questionnaires to 57 schools. A total of 260 questionnaires from 53 schools were retrieved. The response rate was 91.2%. SPSS 10.0 For Windows was employed to analyze the 260 effective questionnaires; the subjects of field surveys were classified into three groups according to the size of school (schools of 60 classes or more are large schools, 35-59 medium schools, and 60 schools or less small schools). In each group, 1990, the year in which the Welfare Law for the Handicapped and Disabled was revised, was set as the point of demarcation to divide these schools into two subgroups: old schools and new schools. The researcher chose one school from each subgroup and interviewed the director of general affairs from the chosen schools which were the sites for field surveys. A total of 6 people were interviewed for this study. Based on literature analysis, questionnaires, seminars and field surveys, the researchers reached the following conclusions: A. Junior high schools in Taipei City consider the barrier-free campus environment important. In general, staff at school have good understanding of the barrier-free campus environment, especially chiefs of special education. B. The way in which barrier-free facilities are used is acceptable; the maintenance of barrier-free facilities is satisfactory. C. The best planned barrier-free facilities are “ramps and handrails,” “bathrooms and lavatories” and “hoists (elevators).” The greatest difficulty in planning barrier-free facilities is in “hoists (elevators),” “audience seats (such as those in audio-visual classrooms, auditoriums and performance halls).” Barrier-free facilities which require improvements are “audience seats (such as those in audio-visual classrooms, auditoriums and performance halls),” “hoists (elevators)” and “entrances and exits to refuge floors.” D. The difficult part in structuring barrier-free facilities lies in the limitations of original architecture, space and budget. Therefore, Taipei City’s Department of Education should provide assistance to build up a complete barrier-free campus environment in junior high schools in Taipei City. The checklists are valuable to the promotion of the barrier-free campus environment in junior high schools in Taipei City. Based on these findings, the researcher proposed the following suggestions: A. The barrier-free campus environment in junior high schools in Taipei City should be planned as a whole. Chiefs of special education should play roles of active coordinators, and hold various activities to help teachers and students understand the barrier-free campus environment. B. Taipei City’s Department of Education should make use of various training programs and seminars to enhance the understanding and performances of directors at school. The whole barrier-free campus environment in each school should be evaluated before issuing subsidy. Subsidy should be planned as a whole and issued on a case-by-case basis. Moreover, the installment and repair of “audience seats,” “hoists” and “entrances and exits to refuge floors” should make the top priority on the list of special funds. A complete checklist for the barrier-free campus environment should be provided as support. At the same time, basic data of all the junior high schools in Taipei City and the performance evaluation system in each school should be established. Lastly, terms of staff in general affairs should be more flexible as a supplementary measure. C. Other Suggestions: related departments in every college should provide courses about the barrier-free campus environment; building Code and Regulations in Taiwan should be revised as soon as possible; Ergonomics data should be updated and established as soon as possible.

本研究焦點為身心障礙者之多元化管理，而在我國《身心障礙者權益保障法》中，以第四章規範及引導政府、民間企業一同促進就業。但身心障礙勞工，無法只仰賴政策保障，緩不濟急，其需透過特殊職業訓練來融入社會，並渴望有一個機構能作為和雇主、政府間的橋樑。在新的全球治理觀念下，這個要角當為非營利組織，該等組織除了在國內蓬勃成長外，還拓展至其他國家。而在台灣推動身心障礙者之多元化管理，當中翹楚就屬伊甸社會福利基金會，該基金會並把台灣經驗傳遞到如馬來西亞、越南、中國四川等地區，其中馬來西亞的双福殘障自強發展協會是伊甸的第一個海外姐妹會。 本研究區分出多元化管理的學術內涵：人力資源層面、組織建制層面、文化價值層面，和實務內涵：法案政策層面，即美國發展的四階段—平等就業機會、弱勢優先、重視差異性、多元化管理。運用文獻分析法、深度訪談法、個案研究法，分析我國目前身心障礙者之多元化管理政策，包含：個別化職業重建服務、支持性與庇護性就業服務、定額進用政策、設置與運用身心障礙者就業基金、視覺功能障礙者之工作權優先保障等。並以伊甸社會福利基金會作為個案主體，觀察其推動國內及跨國身心障礙者之多元化管理的各層面策略、現況、困境，跨國部分以馬來西亞双福殘障自強發展協會為代表。 本研究發現：一、我國多元化管理的學術及實務內涵仍待更多文獻及研究補充；二、我國身心障礙者之多元化管理法令精神和政策發展與國際接軌，雖然腳步較美國緩慢，但已從「重視差異」邁向「多元化管理」階段；三、政策需仰賴更密集人力資本的投入來從事推廣；四、政策單從公部門角度思考籌劃有其侷限性，缺乏創意與彈性；五、伊甸基金會的職業與能力訓練計畫，是整合身心障礙者生活與就業服務的全方位體系，從該計畫所呈現的人力資源策略、組織建制策略、文化價值策略、法案政策創建策略中均發揚出多元化管理的精神；六、伊甸基金會推動身心障礙者之多元化管理，對身心障礙者、雇主、政府均有正面影響力，但資源困窘與補助縮減讓服務工作變得吃力；七、馬來西亞双福發展協會以伊甸的基督教精神與服務模式立基並傳承延續；八、馬來西亞双福發展協會揉合台灣經驗與馬來西亞本土特色，發展出嶄新的身心障礙者之多元化管理策略，不同分會自主運作落實在地深化服務；九、馬來西亞欠缺保障身心障礙者的完整政策法案，政府對非營利組織的態度，還有對相關福利的重視程度，是未來多元化管理發展能否漸臻成熟的關鍵；十、多元文化與族群是馬來西亞最珍貴的資產，但也加深推動身心障礙者之多元化管理的挑戰性。 依據上述研究發現，茲歸納本研究建議如下：一、未來相關多元化管理研究，可針對其他多元化表徵、身心障礙者政策、研究主體、國家地區做研究；二、期許我國政策，應追求實現各層面環境的無障礙化，並確保不同障別之身心障礙者，皆能獲得資源使用、就學機會、生活及職業重建、輔導創業等服務；三、伊甸基金會在國內應加強輔導身心障礙者、雇主的心態調適，還有倡議改革社會福利資源的配置；四、伊甸基金會在國外可參考扶植双福發展協會的做法，讓其他海外分會各自成長獨立；五、双福發展協會可藉由與其他鄰近國家非營利組織的交流與合作，聚合成積極鞭策政府的力量，並累積資源，朝專業化組織發展，成立更多分會以服務到不同地區的身心障礙朋友。

隨著身心障礙者資訊素養的提升，「網頁可及性」成為各國發展電子化政府服務必須關注的議題，政府對身心障礙者(Government to the Disabled, G2D)的服務在近年逐漸受到重視。由於不同類型身心障礙者的電子治理需求和網路使用方式互異，行政院研究發展考核委員會參考WCAG 1.0，並參照各國在制訂無障礙網頁相關政策和推廣策略，以及國內近年來在身心障礙者保護政策等相關措施，於2002年6月訂定「無障礙網頁開發規範」，建立具體的無障礙網路推廣目標與策略，並自2003年6月展開「無障礙網路空間服務推廣」。 本研究欲瞭解無障礙網路空間計畫對身心障礙者的使用影響，經由電子化政府評估和網站服務品質評估等文獻檢閱，結合Heeks (2006)電子化政府價值鏈模型與DeLone & McLean (2003)資訊系統成功模型，建構以使用者為中心的無障礙網路空間計畫成效評估因果模型，以行政院研考會2010年委託研究案「電子治理成效指標與評估：G2A與G2D」為次級資料，驗證模型各構面間的因果關係暨群組分析。 研究結果證實本研究之無障礙網路空間計畫成效評估因果模型具相當程度的解釋力，同時根據研究結果提出無障礙網路空間計畫未來發展暨後續研究之建議。整體而言，政府現階段應加強計畫行銷推廣，全面優化網站品質，以提升使用效益與滿意度，循序漸進地引導無障礙網路空間計畫長期影響的正向發展。 / In the development of e-government system, Government to the Disabled (G2D) e-service and the issue of web accessibility have becoming gained much attention in many countries all over the world in recent years. Based on the international Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 1.0 (WCAG 1.0), Research, Development and Evaluation Commission (RDEC) has launched a Web Accessibility Initiative Program to improve the web accessibility for disabled users in Taiwan since 2003. In the study, we propose a demand-side causal model consisting of web quality, program quality, and project impacts based on the e-government value chain model (Heeks, 2006) and the information system success model (DeLone and McLean, 2003). The data analysis is obtained from questionnaire collected in the program “Constructing and Evaluating an Assessment Framework for E-Governance Impacts on Association and Disabled”. Many causal assumptions in the model we propose are verified and some suggestions for the development of Web Accessibility Initiative Program and future research are made. To promote benefit and satisfaction and further enhance public trust as a long term objective, the government should emphasize more on marketing strategy and overall optimization of web quality at this stage.

我國的無障礙環境推動雖已提升至憲法保障層級，惟目前無障礙交通人行環境之營造甚少納入永續經營的概念。依據本文所蒐集國內外的相關文獻中，亦未單以無障礙交通人行環境的角度，來探討是否合乎永續發展的理念。 因此，本文嘗試以經濟合作與發展組織（OECD）於1996年所定義「永續運輸之9項發展原則」，來分析美國、英國、日本之無障礙交通人行環境推動是否符合永續發展理念。再以前揭3個國家之經驗，以及永續運輸之9項發展原則等角度，來研擬我國無障礙交通人行環境營造之相關法令修正、政策與相關配套、設計規範等建議。本文即希望透過這種開創性的連結，重新賦予無障礙交通人行環境營造的契機，使之具備永續發展的精神，也希望帶給後續研究者一種新的思考方向。 本文之研究範圍界定為交通人行環境中之人行道部分，但完整之無障礙環境範圍含括生活輔具、建築設備、建築物、交通運具、大眾運輸設施等，所以除了本研究範圍外，其他相關範疇仍需後續研究之努力，使完整的無障礙環境均能具備永續發展的精神。 / Though the implementation of barrier-free environment on Taiwan has been up to and assured by Constitution, the concept of sustainable development still seldom showed in the construction of barrier-free environment for the pedestrians. Moreover, in all domestic and foreign literatures conducted and analyzed in the study, it does not discuss whether the construction is consonant with the concept of sustainable development solely through the viewpoint of pedestrians’ barrier-free transit environment. Therefore, the study adopted the nine principles put forward by the NRTEE concern to explore whether the promotions of a barrier-free environment for the pedestrians by the U.S., U.K., and Japan are consistent with their sustainable development policies. Subsequently, the study tried to give suggestions on pedestrians’ barrier-free environment related laws, regulations, policies, and programs through examining the experience of previous 3 countries as well as the principles of OECD. The study hoped to realize the constructing concept of a barrier-free environment for pedestrians through an innovative link and to make pedestrian transport sustainable. Hopefully the study could lead researchers a new way of thinking. The research scope of the study is limited only in the sidewalks in pedestrian transport. The whole barrier-free environment, however, involves assistance facilities, buildings, construction facilities, vehicles, and public transport. Therefore, more endeavors on in-depth studies in previous related fields should be done to create an integral barrier-free environment with sustainable development spirit.

The development of mobile services in the exhibition industry has become a popular issue in a mature internet environment. To successfully implement mobile services in the exhibition industry, exhibitors must be adequately involved in the unprecedented innovation activities. However, for exhibitors to buy into the service, it is essential for them to perceive the value of the service and actually achieve that level of value. With this in mind, this research aims to explore the value of mobile service investment and related value barriers from the perspective of exhibitors. We use the limit-to-value framework to examine the valuation process for mobile services in the context of the exhibition industry and focus on exhibitors in particular. This study can help us to understand the critical value-discounting factors and the valuation process for exhibitors as they consider adopting and using innovative mobile services in the exhibition industry.