愛滋感染者為深受社會烙印且處於社會邊緣的族群，在面對自身權力遭受侵犯時，往往難以看到該人口群為自己或社群發聲與行動，因此，本研究希冀瞭解愛滋感染者的權能表現以及可能的影響因素，藉此達致感染者權能的激發。 本研究採取問卷調查法，以目前台灣的愛滋感染者為主要的受訪者，抽樣方法為立意抽樣，主要透過非營利組織、監所等管道發放問卷，整份問卷主要由受訪者自填或訪員協助填答的方式進行，共回收379份有效問卷。而納入檢驗愛滋感染者權能表現的相關因素主要有個人基本資料、生活滿意度、愛滋內在烙印、參與類型、愛滋知識與服藥狀況；本研究透過獨立樣本T檢定與變異數分析檢驗自變項與依變項的雙變項相關，並透過多元迴歸分析的方式，進行多變項的檢定。 研究結果發現：一、愛滋感染者整體權能表現分布在尚可至中度，且社會政治權能表現最高，但實踐權能的參與行動卻偏低。二、愛滋感染者的生活滿意度位於稍微不滿意至中立的分配，且對於整體生活狀態滿意，但是不滿意過去的生命經驗。三、愛滋感染者的內在烙印程度較高，深受愛滋內在烙印影響者，權能相對較低。四、讓感染者自覺能夠影響他人者，權能表現相對較高。五、愛滋感染者對於愛滋知識的認識有助於權能提昇。六、多元迴歸分析當中，生活滿意度、社區代表參與、愛滋知識與服藥順從度為主要影響感染者權能的因素，共能解釋36％的變異量。 本研究依據研究結果，針對實務工作者、未來研究者以及愛滋感染者進行相關的建議。期許實務工作者能協助感染者權能提昇的執行，研究者能夠繼續探索相關影響因素，而愛滋感染者可以相信自己具有權能的能力。 / People living with HIV/AIDS(PLWHA) are marginalized by HIV social stigma, and we are hardly to see this population speak and act for their right, even through their right or power is violated. For this reason, I hope to find out the performances and the factors of empowerment of PLWHA. As the results, we can empower this population by the right strategies. The method to carry out this study was using a survey, which held by purposive sampling. People who infected HIV in Taiwan are the main sample size. The participation in this study was contacted by Non-government organizations, prisons and drug abuser center of correction agency, expecting to respond anonymously by them or interviewer. In the end, 379 questionnaires were analyzed. The instrument consist of six main parts, including demographic, satisfaction with life scale, HIV internal stigma, participation types, HIV/AIDS knowledge scale and reported compliance with medication. To address this issue, t-test and analyses of variance were used to detect bivariate analysis between dependent and independent variables. In order to clarify the explanatory power of variables, a multiple regression analysis was done. All research revealed, the total empowerment is moderate, and social-political empowerment is the highest, but PLWHA seldom participate in activities. Second, participation didn’t satisficate with their life, especially what they got in the past. Third, PLWHA had higher internal stigma score, which was negatively correlated with lower empowerment. Forth, PLWHA who can affect others had higher empowerment score. Fifth, HIV/AIDS knowledge was shown significant associated with empowerment of PLWHA. Sixth, multiple regression analysis shows that satisfaction with life scale, community participation, HIV/AIDS knowledge and reported compliance with medication were important factors of empowerment, accounting for 36% variance. Suggestions were given to pratical workers, future researchers and PLWHA: we hope pratical worker can help to raise the empowerment of PLWHA, researcher can keep finding more empowerment factors in the future, and PLWHA can believe they have empower ability to strive for their right.

本論文關注世紀末台灣文學中的污名身體，試探文學研究的「身體轉向」可能性。在心靈為上肉體為下的現代文明中，「身體轉向」這個詞提倡將研究焦點從本來被尊崇的心靈轉向總是被邊緣化的肉體。本研究認為文學研究者除了重視文學中身體的寓意外，也要關注身體「自身展開的敘述及文本」（羅蘭・巴特語）。論文的主標題「身不由己」一詞，簡而言之，就是沒辦法「做自己」。本研究將透過台灣文學中的污名身體，揭露為什麼做自己好難。本論文試圖在結論統整污名身體的共有經驗，重新摸索一條「做自己」的路。 有鑑於高夫曼《污名》的啟發。本研究發現台灣文學中的污名身體，也時常採用高夫曼根據西方文獻中受污者的行為所歸納的各種方法抵抗污名。但是高夫曼大多分析西方社會的受污名者如何回應、隱藏於常人社會。不過本研究透過台灣文學的閱讀經驗，想要補充台灣的社會結構使受污名者發展不同的抵抗策略。海澀愛在〈污名的比較〉中指出，高夫曼並不批判造成受污名者處境的社會結構。而本研究指出，高夫曼所描述的種種情境，模糊了正常人與受污名者的界線。高夫曼正是透過模糊兩者之間的界線，鬆動看似穩固的社會結構。 這份研究力求擴大社會對於芸芸眾生的多元身體想像，並將分析下列三種污名身體：一、非主流審美觀的身體；二、愛滋的身體；三、跨性別的身體。本研究以這三種身體為例，除了因為他們都容易落入污名處境外，也因為這些身體都因特定的生理差異被邊緣化。本論文將這三種身體以污名身體一詞涵蓋，是受到海澀愛等國內外學者的啟迪。海澀愛表示，透過「污名」一詞能夠跨越連結不同的身分類別。本文探討的年代，以二十世紀末的文本為主。這是因為解嚴前後的社會運動發展蓬勃，許多邊緣弱勢的身體都紛紛站出來為自己發聲。他們的身體也因此被許多文學創作者記錄下來寫進文學。 一、非主流審美觀的身體散見於七等生〈灰色鳥〉、郭正偉《可是美麗的人（都）死掉了》，以及徐嘉澤《不熄燈的房》。本研究要藉這些文本，分析非主流身體與現代主義的糾葛；觀察「另類」的非主流身體的生存之道。還有非主流身體如何翻轉「勵志性」及「健全」主義的壓迫。 二、文學中愛滋的身體並不少見，不過本研究認為下列的文本較能呈現愛滋（防治）進程的歷史。本研究將探討李昂〈禁色的愛〉、林俊頴〈愛奴〉，以及汪其楣《青春悲懷》。本研究將透過分析敘事者與感染者的位置，以及文本中的男同性戀感染者。藉此分析官方愛滋政策下導致的歧視與偏見。本論文也要進一步分析寫作者如何透過寫作策略，抵抗愛滋污名。 三、最後，本論文要透過成英姝《人類不宜飛行》、吳繼文《天河撩亂》，以及林佑軒的〈女兒命〉討論跨性別者的身體部署與抵抗污名的策略。本研究注重文本中跨性別身體的物質性，並進一步分析跨性別身體如何抵抗污名與偏見。

本研究主要的目的是在探討不為社會一般人所知道與關心的HIV感染者，在感染之後適應疾病的過程，面臨的困難，需要的服務，以及生活適應的問題。進而提出社會工作專業幫助感染者度過生命黑暗期的可能策略。只有當感染者不再因為感染而感受到生死的糾葛，不再因為感染，而被社會道德的節勒得喘不過氣來，防制愛滋的蔓延，才有可能。 本研究總結對HIV感染者的觀察與深入訪談後發現，感染者在知道自己感染之後，最能夠在它們身上感受到的是對曝光的擔心；孤獨的感受；死亡的陰影；以及階段任務受阻等心理層面上的壓力與現實上生活適應的困難交織而成的生死結。 感染者普遍說來，都十分擔心曝光。而孤獨的感受對感染者來說，一是因為擔心曝光、自殘形穢的自我封閉而造成；一是因為感到社會的遺棄，缺乏規屬感所產生。而由於感染的必死性，讓感染者不論目前的身體狀況如何，都生活在死亡的陰影之下，而這樣的死亡陰影，亦會影響到感染者求生與求死的意念。階段性任務受阻的感受，人生的任務無法達成，則是感染者普遍的遺憾。 而在心理層面的擔憂之外，感染者難以避免的會遭遇到實際生活適應上的困難。一般說來感染者會產生生活水準降低的問題；醫療相關的問題；擔心發病；空間剝奪的問題；因擔心曝光或告知所產生的心理壓力問題。 但是生死結並非在所有感染者身上都能起相同的作用，換句話說，不同的感染者對生死結的感受，會隨著他們的感染途徑；自覺社會烙印；原本的社會地位；感染事實被知悉的範圍以及得知感染的時間等前置因素而有所不同。這些前置因素，因為影響到感染者對生死結的感受，進而也會影響到感染者所採取的因應策略。感染者所採取的因應策略大致可以區分為幾種：改變生活方式與態度；告知；死亡的準備；特殊化以及利他。 針對以上感染者的生活適應困境本研究提出以下幾點建議，提供相關單位與實務工作者參考。給相關單位建議的部分有：1、基本生活水準的維持；2、健全醫療服務網；3、專業藥師提供用藥諮詢；4、在相關醫療院所聘用專任涉工員；5、義工的訓練與督導；6、設立協談專線；7、跨部會的定期會議。而對提供社會工作直接服務者的建議是：1、非批判式的接納；2、避免特殊化；3、多傾聽。

none / Shanghai is one of China’s most developed cities; by 2006, the GDP per capita had reached US$7490, with the year-to-year economic growth exceeding 8% every year for the past decade. These results leave everyone impressed. Besides this factor, Shanghai is where the East meets the West, with a truly cosmopolitan cultural milieu. For these very reasons, many young Chinese come to Shanghai in search of their lucky pot of gold. But homosexual male-to-male sexual workers leave their hometowns for the big city, availing themselves of the chance to get rid of their family pressures, and to embrace new lives with their sexual orientation. So why do they instead choose to remain subject to the traditional Chinese way of thinking, being limited by the traditional Confucian precepts, seeing marriage as an absolutely essential element of life? What are the relations between economic development and social mores in terms of China’s male-to-male sexual workers (sex or sexual)? As the economy develops very rapidly, the concept of sexulization has begun to sprout in China, so how can male-to-male sexual workers (sex or sexual) envision themselves in light of these trends? From the traditional views of the subservient master-servant Confucian vertical social relations, to the present circumstance of transforming one’s body into a product for sale, does this help China’s male-to-male sexual workers (sex or sexual)to oppose the constraints of the traditional Confucian views, so that they can, like China’s female prostitutes, begin a quest for their equal human rights? These are among the many questions addressed in this study. Therefore, the primary focus of this study is to understand the working milieu of the male-to-male sex workers (sex or sexual) in Shanghai, China, in appreciation of the background causes for underlying male-to-male sex work (sex or sexual) and perception of the entire process of their experiences. .An in-depth study on these male-to-male sex workers (sex or sexual?) in Shanghai, China, was conducted as to when they left their hometowns, and how they came to grip with their sexual orientation yet had to return to face the issue of forming a traditional family (by marriage). How could someone who has been living in a country and society steeped in patriarchy, go to work as a prostitute for the male? How strong are the forces of internal anxiety and external pressure upon these men’s inner world? These are the core issues this study intends to explore and follow up. After the research motivation for this study was specified and the author became acquainted with these men, one realized that each of these men worked as male-to-male sex workers had within their personal histories, some skeletons which they wish they had left alone in the closet. Their inner worlds are both bitter and complicated. This is also the reason why qualitative analysis was adopted in this study, to possibly penetrate the world of these men’s hearts, and to analyze their individual family backgrounds, living predicaments, interactions with the broader world and social pressures, and other aspects during the interview process. After interviewing with the 15 MB, the author has learned more from examining the circumstances of male-to-male sex workers (sex or sexual) who are willing to engage in the male-to-male sex trade and also willing to held a traditional marriage, from the three perspectives of their sexual orientation, economic status and overall social environment. (A) From the sexual orientation point of view. Among the male-to-male sex workers (sex or sexual) in this study with the exception of one participant who was a heterosexual, the majority of the participants in this interview were all homosexuals staying in the closet. And many of the MBs in the countryside share common formative sexual experiences with other boys, such as sleeping together and masturbation…etc. In the more densely populated countryside where living conditions are relatively poor, it is quite common to see many boys sleeping together in one room, thereby increasing the opportunity for the boys to develop intimate contact. Therefore in light of their formative experiences, the ways they grew up actually contributed to these MB’s acceptance of the male-to-male sex trade. (B) From the economics point of view. All of the research subjects had indicated that the main reason for becoming an MB was to make money. Money became the focal point of these MB’s lifestyles because they had grown up in very poor rural areas and suffered from the pressures of an impoverished environment and unfair society. For recently-graduated students from the rural areas, the education which they have received at great expense is still not comparable with those students graduated from the city. Moreover, China is a social-networking or so-called “guanxi” in Chinese. Rural families often find absolutely no connections to help them find jobs. As a result, graduation spells unemployment. And consequently under great economic pressures, many rural youths go to Shanghai in search of their fortunes. However as they run into brick walls and run out of resources, selling their bodies becomes an easy way to increasing their wealth and a means of survival. (C) From the social environment point of view. Chinese people have stepped away from communism due to the development of capitalism. The emergence of the commodity economy society enables people to pursue a material life and leave virtues of contented living behind. Now with the formation of a capitalist society, wealth has become one of the standard measures for things. The impact of the worship for mammon on Chinese people now results in people using the amount of money as a criterion for interaction. Such a society gradually develops a positive attitude towards prostitution. Sensations, attitudes and affinity distance are all determined by the amount of wealth. Prostitution becomes a means of pursuing money. According to the results from this study, respondents indicated that they have agreed that the sale of body is a tool or method for making money, and have repeatedly emphasized that money is the main factor of becoming MBs. Instead, sex trade was triggered by socio-economic oppression and self-expectations or expectation in sudden success (Structural tension theory, Merton). Furthermore, due to unequal social opportunities, for examples, most of the MBs have not attained good schools; neither does their family have good social relations, which results in a consistent and normal behavior of prostitution among the MBs. For this reason, MBs are in need of social and public concern, while nonetheless such efforts cannot be completed through a group. The society should subvert its current social standards and the value classification, evaluate human values and needs with an attitude of non-judgmental awareness, and seriously look into each individual and his or her work. By understanding and helping those people in need, consequently we will develop a happy world in prosperity.

在中國國家社會關係變遷趨勢的三個重要焦點是NGO的發展、社會抗爭力量的出現，以及國際行動者在中國社會事務中的角色；而在愛滋NGO的發展過程中，提供了同時觀察這三種相關現象的機會。在議題範疇的視野下，本文聚焦於以華北愛滋問題作為共同關注焦點而類型各異的NGO，討論來自跨國、全國與地方三種空間層次的組織的互動與連結，以及愛滋NGO的活動對於既有國家社會的互動模式形成何種衝擊。 在理論觀點上，本文從「組織場域」的角度出發，援引組織制度論提供的多層次分析策略，以便同時在社會系統、組織場域與組織行動者三個層次觀察愛滋NGO的發展動力與演進軌跡。此外，本文進一步針對研究現象的性質提出「跨界組織場域」與「場域層次的社會自主性」兩項概念，以便具體說明全球在地化的制度擴散歷程，以及此一過程如何可能推動國家社會關係的變化。在經驗分析中，本文指出在華北愛滋問題的範疇中出現的NGO，已經在跨國、全國與地方三種空間層次間形成制度化的跨界組織場域，而此一跨界場域的型構、運作與影響，形成了國家力量未能充分掌控的社會活動空間，並且在提升愛滋NGO組織化程度的同時，也使其呈現出「社會運動產業」的性質。 / The rising of NGO, social resist, and Foreign actors involved in domestic affairs are new dynamics in the transition of state-society relation in china. All these three trends can be observed in AIDS NGO. In the view of issue domain, this dissert study variety of NGO which act at transnational, national, and local level and involve in AIDS governance related to Henan and other adjoin province, where HIV/AIDS diffused in former blood donors. And, this dissert focus on how these NGOs interact, connect and how they change the giver institution arrangement that state sets to limit social forces. Institution theory about organizational field offer rice theoretic tools and analysis strategies to understand the loci and effects of interaction and connection between AIDS NGOs. Beyond organizational field theory, this dissert develop two concepts to explain related phenomenons: “trans-border organization” and “social autonomy of field constructing” In experience, this dissert point out an institutional field which members include IO, INGO and rural organization have emerged. And, the construction, operation and effect of this trans-border organizational field not only promote NGO’s ability to work without state admit, but make their collective action appear the character of “social movement industry”. Key word: state-society relation, golcalization, HIV/AIDS, NGO, organizational field

本文以全球化為前提、全球治理為架構以及多層次治理為分析理論下，探討現今全球愛滋病治理。本文的論點為現今的全球愛滋病治理實為多層次之治理，原因為資助團體的資助方式造就了多層次治理結構。資助團體，包跨世界銀行、美國總統緊急愛滋病資助方案以及全球對抗愛滋病基金的資助方式使得非政府組織蓬勃發展，但未受資助之區域組織卻無法彰顯任何的功能，造成了區域性的空洞化。本文亦探討全球化對於愛滋病之影響，其中交通的快捷造成了愛滋病迅速蔓延，而通訊技術的發展，讓國際組織與非政府組織擁有協調合作的工具，提供快速的打擊愛滋病方案。

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本論文藉由艾德蒙．懷特<已婚男人>愛滋書寫裡、對男同志性愛/死亡在愛滋年代的辨證關係，探討愛滋文學所能扮演的文化功能。第二章、利用傅柯式圓形監獄概念衍生下主體自我內化規訓，討論男同志性愛原先具有的顛覆本質，如何隨著80年代、HIV病毒出現，在生物醫學論述下對男同志進行”再次病理化”的辨證關係。 第三章參考喬瑟夫．凱迪在1993年發表的文章、 分類愛滋書寫為深刻書寫和反深刻書寫，討論<已婚男人>裡愛滋深刻書寫裡、藉由呈現詭異疾病身體來製造驚嚇感、引發讀者對於愛滋議題另一層次的反思。第四章、則是探討<已婚男人>呈現無病徵的衣櫃身體、其造成主體／客體在視覺上/心理上、介於有病/無病的模糊詭譎狀態，可以被視為愛滋文學、一種提供讀者在愛滋年代裡、在絕望中仍可懷抱希望的正面力量。透過以上探討、艾德蒙．懷特＜已婚男人＞豎立愛滋書寫之中、呈現男同志文化與愛滋病複雜關係的傑出作品。 / This study discusses Edmund White’s AIDS writing in his The Married Man, a fiction that depicts the issue of gay sex and death in the age of the Epidemic. In chapter two, I intend to discuss about how biomedical discourse of HIV/AIDS fosters a Focauldian apparatus of panoptical surveillance and self-discipline in relation to gay sex. With the advent of HIV virus, the once subversive lifestyle of gay sex becomes more problematic. In chapter three, I attempt to employ Joseph Cady’s definition of AIDS writings as either immersive or counter-immersive, and argue that Edmund White’s The Married Man should be viewed as an immersive AIDS writing wherein the ugliness of the grotesque body is used as a literary weapon to engender its readers a sense of shock. In chapter four, I contend Austin’s HIV asymptomatic/closet body in The Married Man should be viewed as an ambiguous symbol by which a dialect between hope (future) and despair (no future) is discussed. To conclude, Edmund White’s The Married Man, a subversive text as it is, thus stands as a masterpiece of AIDS writing not only explicitly depicts the history of HIV/AIDS of the 1990s but that promises its gay readers a potentiality of hope for the misty future.

偏見不只影響遭受者的身心健康，也違背社會正義，為了改善這樣的狀況，研究者們致力於發展降低偏見的方案。不過這些降低偏見的方案通常針對種族或性別群體，卻甚少關心肥胖者與愛滋感染者。肥胖者、愛滋感染者不僅受研究社群忽視，他們在生活中亦不受重視（如醫療體系），因此本論文著眼降低人們對肥胖者、愛滋感染者的偏見。研究一發展降低偏見方案，透過撰寫支持肥胖者或愛滋感染者的短文，引發人們言行不一的認知失調感，可能進而改變其原本對肥胖者或愛滋感染者的偏見。研究一的結果顯示，只有撰寫愛滋主題的參與者其愛滋偏見分數低於其他組別，也就是說他們的行為違反本身對愛滋感染者的既有態度而產生認知失調，透過降低愛滋偏見來化解認知失調之不適感。不過，撰寫肥胖主題的參與者，其肥胖偏見分數則與各組無異，也就是說這種降低偏見的方案對肥胖者的偏見無影響。預試二發現，相對於愛滋感染者，肥胖者通常被視為較可控制自己身屬於該社會群體的命運（可控制性），且其較需為自己的遭遇負責。為了檢視人們認為肥胖者與愛滋感染者可控制性的差異，是否影響偏見方案的效果，研究二除了改良研究一的降低偏見方案外，更操弄可控制性的高低。研究二發現可控制性會調節降低偏見方案的效果－當人們認為成為愛滋感染者是自己可以控制時，降低偏見方案的效果較弱；反之，若人們認為成為愛滋感染者是自己不能控制的，則降低偏見的效果較強。不過，撰寫肥胖主題文章的參與者則無此效果。這樣的差異或許是因為人們對肥胖者與愛滋感染者的熟悉程度有所不同。相較於愛滋感染者，人們對肥胖者較為熟悉，對其態度不容易改變，不論是接受高可控或低可控的訊息操弄，都無法改變人們對肥胖者的想法。根據本論文結果，認知失調適合降低人們較不熟悉與視其較為不可控的社會群體，如愛滋感染者，不適合應用在人們較熟悉的社會群體，如肥胖者。本論文進一步討論降低偏見方案執行困難的原因，並提出可能的建議與後續的研究方向。 / Prejudice and discrimination may have negative consequences on subordinate group members’ physical and mental health, and prejudice and discrimination also violate social justice. To deal with these problems, researchers have dedicated to develop various interventions to counter prejudice and discrimination. However, most of these interventions focus on racial and gender minorities, and researchers largely ignore people with obesity and people with HIV/AIDS. The purpose of this thesis is to develop an intervention that could reduce prejudice against people with obesity, as well as to reduce prejudice against people with HIV/AIDS. According to cognitive dissonance theory, when people’s attitudes and behavior are inconsistent, they feel uncomfortable and in turn change their attitudes to eliminate the inconsistency (Festinger, 1957). Following the basic ideas in cognitive dissonance theory, in Study 1, I randomly assigned participants to write presumably counter-attitudinal essays, in which they write about people with obesity or people with HIV/AIDS (to advocate allocating more resources to them), or school policy change (a control group). The results showed that after writing about people with HIV/AIDS, participants displayed significantly lower prejudice against people with HIV/AIDS than participants in other conditions. However, after writing about people with obesity, participants’ prejudice against people with obesity remained at similar levels as participants in other conditions. According to findings in the second pilot study, the diverging findings in Study 1 may be due to that people with obesity were considered having more controllability and responsibility than people with HIV/AIDS. To further explore the effects of levels of controllability on intervention, I revised Study 1’s intervention and added a manipulation of controllability on people with obesity or on people with HIV/AIDS. The findings showed that controllability manipulation moderated the intervention effect on people with HIV/AIDS, but had no effect on people with obesity. Because participants were more familiar with people with obesity than with people with HIV/AIDS, it is possible that attitudes toward a familiar social group are more difficult to be changed than the attitudes toward an unfamiliar social group, The results suggested that interventions based on cognitive dissonance principle have effects on unfamiliar social groups, such as people with HIV/AIDS. Obstacles with prejudice reduction interventions were further discussed; suggestions and future research directions were offered.

近來，由於詐領人壽保險死亡保險金之情況甚為嚴重，使得政府及保險人不得不對人壽保險人免責事由之規範加以留意。而此亦為本文撰寫靈感來源。 故本文乃試從保險法及保險學之角度，對人壽保險人免責事由之意義及內容加以界定，進而於提出各國立法例後，探究目前我國人壽保險人之法定免責事由，並以人壽保險單示範條款為意定免責事由之中心，探究相關之法令規定。 對於人壽保險人免責事由之主要問題乃出自保險法第一百零九條及第一百二十一條，雖現行人壽保險單示範條款第十四條之規定亦源自於此二法條而來。然而，對於其中之爭議點，人壽保險單示範條款仍未加以解決。此外，本文亦兼論有關戰爭、內亂及其他類似的武裝變亂和核子反應造成之損害，保險人是否得以免責。 最後，對於前述之問題，本文建議除了從我國保險法第一百零九條、一百二十一條、第三十二條之內容加以修正之外，亦可從保險犯罪防制中心之成立，進行危險控制之工作。 / Defrauding death benefits of life insurance has become more and more serious recently, so the government and insurers must keep their eyes open about the liability exception of life insurers. This is also the inspiration source of this essay. This essay tries to describe the definition and contexts of the liability exception of life insurers from the insurance law and insurance theories points of view. After bringing the cases and laws in different countries forward, the writer will proceed to the next step: to investigate into the statutory liability exception of life insurers; and then, to center on Model Provisions of Life Insurance Policy, studying the related regulations about the exceptions or exclusions of life policy. The main issues of the liability exception of the life insurers arise from Sections 109 and 121 of the Insurance Law of R. O. C.. Although the Model Provisions of Life Insurance Policy S.14 also came from these rules, the main issues still remain unsolved. Moreover, this essay will also discuss about whether or not the insurers should be liable for the insurance events caused by the wars, civil strifes, other armed forces and nuclear reaction. Finally, this essay suggests amending the Insurance Law of R.O.C., S.109, 121, and 32 to solve the issues mentioned above as well as establishing the Crime Prevention Center of Insurance Institute to carry out the work of risk control.