本論文旨在探討1990年後期興起的中國大陸鄉鎮選舉改革。四川省遂寧市市中區步雲鄉1998年的鄉長直選係全中國大陸首例。因此以步雲鄉鄉長直選為案例，探討其起源、歷程、困境及意義為何？特別是著重探究推動基層選舉改革的動因為何？本論文使用「次級資料分析法」與「案例分析法」為研究方法，進而分析中國大陸基層選舉制度的相關海內外文獻，另採用理性選擇制度變遷、自主性制度變遷及強制性制度變遷等理論，以及國家與公民社會研究途徑，以探析影響中國大陸基層選舉改革的因素。 / The theme of this thesis lies in probing into the reforms of China’s local election at Xiang/township level that was beginning to rise in late 1990's. The election of Buyun Xiang chief directly in the Shizhong District of Suining in Sichuan Province set a precedent for the first time at the end of 1998. So in order to regard Buyun Xiang as the case, probe into the origin, course, dilemma and meaning of the Xiang chief election directly? Especially understand emphatically what promote the incentive of the election reform at the basic level? The thesis uses “secondary materials analysis” and “case study analysis” as the research method, as to analysing about the relevant documents which study the Mainland China electoral system at the basic level both at home and abroad, and choose Rational Choice Institutionalism, Motivational and Compulsory of Institutional Transitions, complement it with research approach of State and Civil Society, do case analysis to the factor influencing electoral reform at the basic level.

隨著科技日新月異的發展，智慧型手機本身通訊與運算能力也隨著軟體和硬體的改善而不斷地增強，其便利性與高機動性的特色使得越來越多人持有智慧型手機，最後成為人們生活中不可或缺的部份。總觀來說，持有與使用率的上升，不知不覺的形成一種共享經濟與無所不在的行動運算網絡。 基於普及性與相對優秀的運算效能，我們設計與實作出Gnafuy，一個基於行動裝置下的分散式運算框架，希望借用世界上所有閒置行動運算裝置的資源來實行無所不在的運算。 我們發展出一套應用程式介面(API)供開發者依照自己的需求來撰寫自己的分散式運算程式，藉由遵循Gnafuy所制定的應用程式介面，開發者可只專注在演算法本身的開發，而不需要在意其演算法如何被分配到手機上以及待處理資料的分配情形。本篇文章還討論了Gnafuy所採用的分散式運算的程式模型，以及我們如何藉由一個手機應用程式將任務部署至自願者的智慧型手機中，我們發展出一套伺服器端的機制來增加訊息傳遞的成功率，以及偵測計算後回傳結果是否正確，排除被惡意程式污染的客戶端結果。

楊曉勛. / 本論文於1997年9月呈交. / 論文(博士)--香港中文大學音樂學部, 1998. / 參考文獻: p. 109-113. / 中英文摘要. / Ben lun wen yu 1997 nian 9 yue cheng jiao. / Available also through the Internet via Dissertations & theses @ Chinese University of Hong Kong. / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Mode of access: World Wide Web. / Yang Xiaoxun. / Lun wen (Bo shi)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue yin yue xue bu, 1998. / Can kao wen xian: p. 109-113. / Zhong Ying wen zhai yao.

都市的產業隨著都市的成長而呈現產業結構以及產業區位的改變，尤其以製造業的分布變遷最為明顯。由聚集經濟理論中，人口與產業受到聚集經濟與聚集不經濟交互作用的影響，人口或產業外移出市中心，而呈現出郊區化的情形。在郊區化的過程中，將會產生就業的聚集，相對於就業中心，形成一個或數個就業次中心，使產業的空間分布產生變化。本研究擬不分製造業類別，而從製造業總體面，以製造業就業密度作為製造業聚集的指標，探討製造業在65到85年20年間在都會區空間上分布及其變遷情形，並藉由實證分析影響製造業空間分布的因素，將結果配合經濟發展過程及政策，對於未來都會區的空間發展提供建議。 本研究分為六章：第一章為本研究的動機及架構；第二章為相關文獻回顧；第三章為模型的測試；第四章則由模型的測試結果分析三年的分布變遷情形；第五章測試製造業之變遷因素；第六章為結論與建議。本論文的中心研究部分首先以三次雲型模型測試三都會區製造業的分布情形是呈現單核心或是多核心分布，測試結果呈現台北都會區與台中都會區為多核心型態，而高雄都會區偏向單核心型態。第二部分則藉由就業密度與就業人口比，定位三都會區之製造業核心的分布並分析都會區製造業就業中心與次中心的變化，以了解製造業分佈的情形。台北都會區與高雄都會區製造業發展時程較早，就業中心及次中心的分布較為固定。台中都會區在研究時間內則呈現明顯的郊區化現象，就業次中心變動情形顯著。第三部份繼而進行影響空間中製造業分布變遷之因素。 綜合測試與分析的結果，本研究針對製造業產業用地，認為台北都會區應加強公共設施與交通的連結；台中都會區面對產業發展整體趨緩的情況下應避免產業用地的零星使用；高雄都會區則要注意中心都市的產業用地變更使用。然而工業區之設置除了因應疏導產業及人口的政策，也應注意空間中所隱含的聚集經濟因素。產業的郊區化使製造業在三都會區均呈現往西部濱海地區移動的趨勢，由此，對於濱海地區的用地開發應兼顧經濟發展與環保而有前瞻性的規劃。

本研究可分為兩部份，第一部份以CBD為中心，向外擴展之地價空間結構變化情形之測試，主要是方法上的應用。運用較富彈性且能符合多核心都市測試需要之三次雲形函數來測試台北市之地價空間結構。研究發現都市發展方向會影響地價空間結構之變化，而傳統單核心模型之單一核心之假設及無考慮方向性，並不能充份描述現代大都市之真實空間結構。 　　第二部份則為了解各核心對地價影響情形，及在空間上互動關係進行多核心模型之測試。研究發現地價為都市空間中多核心互動的結果。而相同屬性、規模的核心間有排斥效果，不同屬性、規模的核心間則有吸引效果。藉由多核心之分散健全發展，與交通建設之密切配合，將可使都市之地價及都市空間結構更加健全發展。 / This research is divided to two parts. First part is to test the structural variance of the land price which extends by CBD. The method, the cubic spline function, is flexible and it can match the need of the polycentric city. From the test, we find the different directions which will affect the spatial structural variance of the land price. But the factor of the direction isn't included in the hypothesis of the traditional monocentric model, and it can't be described the true spatial structure of modern city sufficiently. 　　Another is the test that to understand the land price variance situation by the different centers and the interactions of them.By this test, it shows that land price is the result of the polycentric interactions of urban spatial structure. We also find there is a repelling effect between the same character and scale centers; vise versa.

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This study attempts to investigate the issues of aging population in the context of Singapore through metaphorical approach and the potential of tapping on the collaborative characteristics of a health service cloud computing system to meet the needs in elderly care, hence allowing active aging. The use of electronic health records (EHR) in various countries, particularly the meaningful use of EHR in USA is examined to understand its current features and usage. By employing conceptual mapping and blending of metaphorical study, the concepts in cloud computing are probed to gain better understanding on the characteristics of the technology. Similarly, with concepts drawn from an eco-system blended with concepts in a health service system, the characteristics of EHR and finally the characteristics of a health service cloud computing system are illustrated. With understanding in aging population, present usage of EHR and potential of cloud computing in Singapore, multi-methods research consisting of intensive interviews and archival document collations are employed. Triangulation amongst the datasets collated using open coding via ATLAS.ti resulted in 6 issues of concern in aging population pertaining to the Singapore context to arise, namely (i) primary care, (ii) familial support, (iii) awareness in health maintenance and transparency in information, (iv) improved efficiency and accuracy in healthcare with seamless transfer of care and (v) intermediate care and (vi) collaboration between stakeholders. Further analysis of the results draws up the possibilities for enhancing meaningful use of health service cloud computing system for active aging, which criteria are: (i) empowerment and ownership, (ii) sustainable homecare and (iii) seamless transfer of care. Finally, a conceptual mapping of health service cloud computing system and the criteria for effective aging give rise to a model framework that is set for active aging. / This study attempts to investigate the issues of aging population in the context of Singapore through metaphorical approach and the potential of tapping on the collaborative characteristics of a health service cloud computing system to meet the needs in elderly care, hence allowing active aging. The use of electronic health records (EHR) in various countries, particularly the meaningful use of EHR in USA is examined to understand its current features and usage. By employing conceptual mapping and blending of metaphorical study, the concepts in cloud computing are probed to gain better understanding on the characteristics of the technology. Similarly, with concepts drawn from an eco-system blended with concepts in a health service system, the characteristics of EHR and finally the characteristics of a health service cloud computing system are illustrated. With understanding in aging population, present usage of EHR and potential of cloud computing in Singapore, multi-methods research consisting of intensive interviews and archival document collations are employed. Triangulation amongst the datasets collated using open coding via ATLAS.ti resulted in 6 issues of concern in aging population pertaining to the Singapore context to arise, namely (i) primary care, (ii) familial support, (iii) awareness in health maintenance and transparency in information, (iv) improved efficiency and accuracy in healthcare with seamless transfer of care and (v) intermediate care and (vi) collaboration between stakeholders. Further analysis of the results draws up the possibilities for enhancing meaningful use of health service cloud computing system for active aging, which criteria are: (i) empowerment and ownership, (ii) sustainable homecare and (iii) seamless transfer of care. Finally, a conceptual mapping of health service cloud computing system and the criteria for effective aging give rise to a model framework that is set for active aging.

雲端運算和資料採礦已成為這二十一世紀的重要發展方向，綜觀現今各個生活層面，已漸漸的融合雲端計算的技術，故結合雲端運算已是一種趨勢。簡而談之，雲端運算是一種讓使用者更加地快速、便利又省成本的一種技術。而資料採礦方面，也已從先前的專門挖掘數字型態的資料，到現在多元的挖掘，像是文字、圖像採礦。資料採礦雖然比雲端運算發展的早，但是其功用是可以相輔相成的，有鑑於此，本研究係要發展出一資料採礦分析系統，使得使用者方便又簡易的操作。並針對特定的資料採礦分析方法-關聯規則及集群分析去研究，並利用Apriori 演算法及K-means方法，和Microsoft Excel VBA和R軟體共同結合出此資料採礦系統。

本研究針對半導體產業，提供一智慧型搜尋功能，讓使用者在大量資料中能快速及準確地搜尋。為達此目的，本研究中定義知識空間及其組成元素，並發展一組程式以產生該知識空間及知識空間搜尋機制，以提升使用者生產力。所使用到的技術包含：(1)建立知識本體，(2)計算兩詞彙同時出現頻率，(3)計算詞彙與文件關聯度，(4)發展知識空間搜尋環境。 / This study aims to provide an intelligent searching environment which users can search quickly and precisely from a large number of documents in semiconductor industry. In order to achieve the purpose, this paper defines a knowledge space and its composition elements to describe the knowledge of real world, and then develops a program to shorten the searching cost by providing the searching mechanism based on knowledge space. The techniques used in this study includes：(1) Construct 「Semiconductor Industry Ontology」(2) Compute the frequency of two terms appearing simultaneously (3) Compute the interrelatedness between terms and documents (4) Develop searching environment based on knowledge space.

由於電子化病歷逐漸取代了傳統的紙本病歷，在流通分享上面比傳統的紙本病歷更加來的方便及快速，另外電子病歷的整合性，也是比傳統的紙本來的有效。近年來雲端運算的發展，使得醫療系統在電子病歷上能夠更快速的發展，但是取而代之的是卻是雲端運算所產生隱私權的問題，在快速發展的雲端運算環境中，目前似乎無法完全確保資料的隱私性。即使現有的研究中可以讓資料擁有者表示自己的隱私偏好，卻因為設計時缺乏語意的考量，造成執行上有語意的落差。 本研究將探討電子病歷存放在雲端環境上，設計一套三層整合平台系統並使用語意化技術本體論整合來自多方的資料，達成在資料庫上使用OWL2作為整合的語言，並在此整合平台進行本體論整合，能夠讓使用者可以從多方的醫療中心快速查詢整合的資料，經由整合平台的改寫，到下層的規範擷取到上層平台進行管理與落實動作，最終在資料庫查詢資料，達成整合分享的目標，並同時能夠兼顧資料擁有者的隱私期待，完成在雲端環境上資料分享、整合、隱私保護的目標。 / The Electronic Health Records (EHRs) have replaced the traditional paper Health Records gradually and they are more rapid and more convenient in data sharing. Furthermore, the EHRs are also better than paper health records when health records need to be integrated on the computer. In recent years, the rapid development of cloud computing can help Health Information System to be more dynamic and provide a better service, but the problem of privacy is a critical issue. Although recent research can let data owner expresses his own personal privacy preference in to policy to protect privacy, it is lacked of semantics and that will result in the gap between the real meaning of personal privacy preference and of policy. In our research, we will using semantic technology to express personal privacy preference in to polices and also design the 3-layer integration platform to achieve semantics data integration so that polices can be enforced without loss of real meaning of personal privacy preference and polices will have interoperability with others when we are using semantic data integration.