Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T19:31:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Angela de Campos Machado Vessoni Calderazzo.pdf: 2921338 bytes, checksum: 82c420b3f20e988e3b94b4423021ce8b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-11-03 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / By the immanent analysis of the libretti, scores and recordings of the operas La découverte du nouveau monde, Le devin du village, Daphnis et Chloé, Les muses galantes, Pygmalion, romances and motets, composed by Jean-Jacques Roussseau, our work s theme is the history of the Enlightenment society through the composer s critic to what he named tourbillon social. Such critic was built on the hypothesis of a state of nature foreseen to correct a turbulent and corrupt society. Our starting point is the idea that Rousseau s sensitivity, as an artist of the XVIII th. Century, explains a paradoxal world and expresses a contradiction which opposes the natural to the modern . It is an idealization that confronts nature with the corrupt society; that materializes, in music and text, a modern vision of world, which moved away from a state of nature idealized by the composer. A design about the bourgeois world of the XVIII th. Century, and about the way a woman behaved in that social dynamics / Pela análise imanente dos libretos, partituras e gravações das óperas La decouverte du nouveau monde, Le devin du village, Daphnis et Chloé, Les muses galantes, Pygmalion, romanzas e motetos compostos por Jean-Jacques Rousseau, nosso trabalho tematiza a história da sociedade iluminista pela crítica do compositor ao que denominou tourbillon social. Crítica construída com a hipótese de um estado de natureza previsto para corrigir uma sociedade turbulenta e corrupta. Partimos da idéia de que a sensibilidade de Rousseau, como um artista do século XVIII, explica uma paradoxalidade de mundo e expressa uma contradição que opõe o natural ao moderno. Uma idealização que confronta natureza e sociedade corrompida. Que materializa, em música e texto, uma visão de mundo moderna, que se afastou de um estado de natureza idealizado pelo compositor. Um desenho do mundo burguês do século XVIII e da forma como a mulher agia naquela dinâmica social

Ce travail vise à montrer que la pensée de Jean-Jacques Rousseau s'étend également à la santé en raison de son projet d'éducation naturelle développé dans l'Emile. En tenant compte, par exemple, des lignes directrices de soins pour la première et la deuxième enfance dans cet ouvrage, nous avons constaté que le philosophe exalte l'importance de l'allaitement maternel à un moment où le taux de mortalité infantile était très élevé en France à cause de la coutume, en vigueur à l époque, de laisser les enfants aux soins des nourrices. Tout d'abord, nous avons cherché à comprendre que le concept de santé chez Rousseau se rapporte à l'idée d'une proposition d'absence de vices dans la société, semblable à l hypothèse de l'homme à l état de nature, car préservé. Rousseau conçoit la première enfance comme une phase allant de la naissance à l âge de deux ans, considerée comme celle des besoins de l'enfant et des soins des adultes envers l'enfance. Dans cette phase, l'éducation naturelle aura le but de suivre le cours de la nature, c'est-à-dire observer le chemin du respect et de la compréhension des besoins réels, ce qui implique la valorisation de l état libre de l'enfant qui n a pas encore éte corrompu par l'action de l'adulte. Pour la deuxième enfance, comprenant la phase de deux à douze ans, l'éducation naturelle portera sur l'éducation par les choses, qui vise à renforcer le corps de l'enfant et le raffinement de ses sens, la nature et les adultes y jouant le rôle de précepteurs. L'éducation naturelle devient donc une solution possible de guérison pour la société, en empêchant les vices et la dégénérescence de l'homme. / Este trabalho teve por objetivo mostrar que o pensamento de Jean-Jacques Rousseau também se estende à área da saúde, devido ao seu projeto de educação natural desenvolvido no Emílio. Ao abordarmos, por exemplo, as suas orientações de cuidados às crianças da primeira e segunda infância nessa obra, constatamos que o filósofo exalta a importância do aleitamento materno num momento em que o índice de mortalidade infantil era altíssimo na França, pelo costume existente na época de se entregar crianças a amas de leite. Em primeiro lugar, procuramos compreender que o conceito de saúde, em Rousseau, se relaciona com a ideia de uma proposta de ausência de vícios na sociedade, semelhante ao hipotético homem em estado de natureza, visto que se preservou. Rousseau concebe a primeira infância como a fase que vai do nascimento até os dois anos, considerada a idade das necessidades da criança e dos cuidados do adulto em relação à infância. Nessa fase, a educação natural terá então como meta seguir a marcha da natureza, ou seja, seguir o caminho do respeito e da compreensão de suas verdadeiras necessidades, o que implica valorizar a natureza livre da criança ainda não corrompida pela ação do adulto. Já para a segunda infância, que vai dos dois aos doze anos, a educação natural terá o foco na educação pelas coisas, objetivando o fortalecimento do corpo da criança e o refinamento dos seus sentidos, com a natureza e os adultos na condição de preceptores. A educação natural torna-se, portanto, uma possível solução de cura para a sociedade, ao impedir futuros vícios e degenerações no homem. / Mestre em Filosofia

Orientador: Eduardo Ostergren / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Artes / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-16T23:58:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Bernardes_JoseAntonioBranco_M.pdf: 6682447 bytes, checksum: 0a76b37323e7c504fdb7e3d911a327d5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: Este trabalho procura tratar de questões práticas concernentes a uma realização historicamente informada dos recitativos do intermezzo Le Devin du Village de Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778). Não tem pretensão de responder todas as questões suscitadas pela partitura original, mas sim de proporcionar o máximo de subsídios ao artista competente - embora não especialista em música francesa de meados do séc. XVIII - que deseje conduzir (reger) esta obra. Os estudos sobre Rousseau têm privilegiado os aspectos teórico-musicais de sua obra. Neste estudo procurou-se estabelecer parâmetros de realização dos recitativos pertencentes ao Devin principalmente através da aplicação dos conceitos e práticas musicais defendidas por Rousseau e outros autores de seu tempo. Muito das sugestões propostas são fruto da aplicação dos tratados de época em apresentações de excertos de Le Devin du Village dirigidos pelo autor em 1997, 2003, 2004 e 2007. Uma performance ou realização historicamente informada deverá ser uma recriação idealizada a partir do conhecimento o mais profundo possível de seu Zeitgeist, o que a tornará necessariamente única e transiente, cada apresentação um novo acontecimento. A mera listagem e citação de fontes de época pouco pode provar por si mesma, o simples acesso a elas não seria garantia de veracidade absoluta. Vivência e experimentação artística são essenciais. Será através de erros e acertos na prática real, com posterior reflexão e ajustes, que consolidaremos uma real compreensão desse repertório. Afinal, o fazer artístico e o pesquisar acadêmico são ambos linguagens distintas e dificilmente comunicáveis e seria um grande engodo postular uma reprodução idêntica àquela ocorrida séculos atrás. De fato, não é possível abandonarmos nossa individualidade, que é realmente do séc. XXI. Compete-nos, através de um estudo profundo, adquirir a capacidade de atuar no estilo e pensamento de época como uma segunda natureza, unindo os diversos campos envolvidos em um todo coerente no atual contexto de realização artística. Enfim, o exercício do goût / Abstract: This work seeks to address practical issues concerning the performance of recitatives from Jean-Jacques Rousseau's (1712-1778) intermezzo Le Devin du Village from a historically informed perspective. There is no pretension in answering all issues raised raised upon examination of the original score, rather to offer musical, technical and stylistic subsidies to the competent musician - not necessarily expert on mid-18th century French music - when faced with the task of conducting this work. Studies about Rousseau have for the most part tended to favor the music-theoretical aspects of his works. In this study the author proposes to establish parameters for the performance of these recitatives mainly through the application of the concepts taken from historical music treatises and musical practices advocated by Rousseau himself and contemporary authors. Many of the proposed suggestions are the result of practical experiences acquired during the performances of excerpts from Le Devin du Village conducted by the author in 1997, 2003, 2004 and 2007. Several ideas discussed by in this dissertation will allow for an idealized re-creation of this intermezzo stemming from the deepest possible possible knowledge of its Zeitgeist, which will necessarily be unique and transient. The mere citation of historical sources nothing can prove by itself; direct access to these sources is no guarantee of absolute musical veracity. The artistic musicmaking and academic research are two distinct languages and of difficult intercommunicability. We are a "child of our time". It is our responsability, however, acquire a deeper historical knowledge for a keener insight into the style and thought of that epoch in order to develop the ability to act and perform as if it were one's own second nature. Hopefully it will unite the various fields of the art involved in making a coherent whole resulting in a new context of artistic realization. The exercise of bon goût at last / Mestrado / Musica / Mestre em Música

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T18:26:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marlene de Fatima Rosa.pdf: 636351 bytes, checksum: 9b3d3b1480a46d574e0d24295812e9d0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-12-12 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The present research paper has as an objective the investigation of the political power s legitimacy in the works of Jean-Jacques Rousseau. In his reflections Rousseau tries to understand the shaping of the political powers that took place in the West, recovering all of mankind s history in a hypothetical way to demonstrate how mankind s progress has contributed to put men in the condition of misery and servitude that they now live in. In his studies, the author expresses his way of interpreting the power that has been establishing and characterizing itself in the societies of his time. Rousseau shows that the construction of his thought towards the model of society was originated from many sources, from the observation of the political institutions of his time to the study of authors such as Grotius, Pufendorf, Hobbes, Montesquieu, Locke, Machiavelli and others. In his investigations, Rousseau innovates the kinds of political and social interpretation, indicating new perspectives to understand these areas. His analysis intends to show his understanding of man and society, having as a starting point, firstly, anapproach around the problem of inequality, and secondly, showing his notion towards the kinds of power that constituted themselves throughout mankind s history. Following this historical path, he presents these two characteristics and how they influenced each other.In other words, how the power constituted itself illegitimately through the existing inequalities since its constitution. Following his reflections, Rousseau describes how these illegitimate kinds of power can assume other setups and become legitimate through an administrative rule that allows the accomplishment of popular sovereignty. The comprehension of the legitimating elements of this new administrative rule is what we intend to investigate based on the arguments presented by Rousseau. / O presente trabalho de pesquisa tem por objetivo investigar a legitimidade do poder político em Rousseau. Em suas reflexões, Rousseau procura compreender a formação dos poderes políticos estabelecida no ocidente, retomando toda a história da humanidade de forma hipotética para demonstrar como o progresso da humanidade contribuiu para os homens atingirem a condição de miséria e servidão em que se encontram. Nesses estudos, nosso autor traz à tona em suas publicações a sua maneira de interpretar o poder que foi se estabelecendo e caracterizando as sociedades de seu tempo. Rousseau demonstra que a construção de seu pensamento em relação ao modelo de sociedade originou-se a partir de várias fontes, desde observação de instituições políticas de sua época e leituras de autores tratadistas como: Grotius, Pufendorf, Hobbes, Montesquieu, Locke, Maquiavel e outros. Ao fazer essas investigações, Rousseau inova as formas de interpretação política e social, apontando novas perspectivas para entendimento dessas esferas. Suas análises pretendem demonstrar seu entendimento sobre o homem e sobre a sociedade, tendo como ponto de partida, em primeiro lugar, uma abordagem em torno do problema da desigualdade; em segundo lugar, mostra a sua concepção sobre a origem das formas de poder que se constituíram ao longo da história da humanidade. Ao percorrer essa trajetória histórica, ele apresenta essas duas características e como elas se influenciaram mutuamente, ou seja, como o poder foi se constituindo ilegitimamente através das desigualdades existentes desde a sua constituição. Ao prosseguir suas reflexões, Rousseau descreve como essas formas de poder ilegítimas podem assumir outras configurações e se tornarem legítimas através de uma regra de administração que permita a realização da soberania popular. Esta compreensão dos elementos legitimadores dessa nova regra de administração é o que pretendemos investigar a partir dos argumentos apresentados por Rousseau.

Doctorat en philosophie et lettres / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Il codice SLUB Dresden, Mscr.Dresd.F.107 preserva una copia mutila della Cortona convertita del padre Francesco Moneti (1635–1712). Il contributo ripercorre le tappe che hanno portato all’individuazione delle carte mancanti, date per disperse e invero rilegate insieme a materiale di varia natura nel ms. SLUB Dresden, Mscr.Dresd.P.102. Data una descrizione puntuale dei due manufatti, si è tracciato un percorso storico-catalografico del testimone sassone della Cortona convertita.

Titre de l'écran-titre (visionné le 8 février 2024) / Derrière l'école se cache la question des finalités éducatives. Et ces finalités, à travers les époques, témoignent immanquablement d'idéaux axiologiques propres à une aire géopolitique et culturelle donnée. L'histoire de l'éducation occidentale a été caractérisée par plusieurs éléments de continuité, mais aussi, à d'autres moments par quelques moments de rupture. Ce fut notamment le cas dans l'Europe du XVIIIᵉ siècle, où la pensée philosophique des Lumières, marquée, entre autres, par des idéaux d'égalité, d'émancipation et de raison, et par la volonté claire d'abolir l'Ancien régime, influencera grandement la pensée éducative contemporaine. Afin de mieux comprendre comment la conception éducative des penseurs des Lumières est teintée par des considérations sociopolitiques sous-jacentes, nous avons tenté de répondre à la question suivante : Quel type d'individu l'éducation doit-elle tendre à former ? Pour y répondre, nous avons analysé la pensée éducative de Diderot, de Kant et de Rousseau, telle qu'elle peut respectivement être circonscrite dans l'*Encyclopédie, Réflexions sur l'éducation* et l'*Émile*. Si leur conception éducative est teintée d'idéaux qui leur sont propres et que, par voie de conséquence, chacun envisage l'éducation selon des finalités spécifiques, ils s'entendent tous sur le fait que l'éducation devrait préparer le terrain pour la mise en place d'un nouveau contrat social, dans lequel chaque citoyen contribue à l'établissement d'une meilleure société. / Behind the school lies the question of the purposes of education. And, through the ages, these purposes automatically attest to axiological ideals of a given geopolitical and cultural area. The history of Western education has been characterized by several elements of continuity, but also by moments of disruption. This was particularly the case in 18th-century Europe, where the philosophical thought of the Enlightenment--known for its ideals of equality, emancipation and reason, as well as the clear desire to abolish the Old Regime--would greatly influence contemporary educational thought. In order to better understand how the educational design of the Enlightenment thinkers was coloured by the underlying sociopolitical considerations, we have attempted to answer the following question: What type of individual benefits from education? In response, we have analyzed the educational concepts of Diderot, Kant and Rousseau as described in l'Encyclopédie, *Lectures on pedagogy* and *Emile*, respectively. Even if their views differ due to ideals which are specific to each, they nevertheless agree on the fact that education should lead to the establishment of a new social contract, where every citizen contributes to a better society.

Schlüsselfaktoren der bemerkenswerten mechanischen Eigenschaften von Knochen sind seine komplexe hierarchische Struktur und chemische Zusammensetzung. Ziel dieser Dissertation war die simultane Untersuchung von Materialkomposition und 3D Struktur in Relation zu lokalen elastischen Eigenschaften von Knochengewebe unter Verwendung von neuen hochauflösenden experimentellen Konzepten. Im ersten Teil wurde polarisierte Raman Spektroskopie (PRS) eingesetzt um gesunden humanen kortikalen Knochen zu analysieren. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass sich PRS eignet, um sowohl die chemische Zusammensetzung als auch die 3D Organisation der Kollagenfasern in einer Messung aufzuklären. Dominante Faserorientierungen ganzer Gewebedomänen konnten identifiziert und mit der Koexistenz zweier Faserorganisationsmuster verknüpft werden. Durch Kombination derPRS Experimente mit ko-lokalisierten Synchrotron-Phasenkontrast-Nano-Tomografie- undUltraschallmikroskopie-Messungen wurde eine komplementäre Untersuchung von Faserarchitektur, chemischer Komposition und elastischen Eigenschaften einzelner Knochenlamellen ermöglicht. Die multimodale Analyse ergab, dass die charakteristischen lamellären Ondulationen der Elastizität in erster Linie durch sich lokal ändernde Faserorientierungen bedingt werden und nicht durch Variationen der Materialzusammensetzung, Abweichungen der Mineralkristallpartikeleigenschaften oder durch Fluktuationen der Massendichte. Im letzten Teil wurde mittels akustischer Mikroskopie der Einfluss der Mutation des Neurofibromin 1 Genes auf die pathologische Entwicklung von mechanischen Knocheneigenschaften untersucht. Anhand zweier Knockout-Mausmodelle wurde festgestellt, dass nur eine Mutation in frühen mesenchymalen Vorläuferzellen die Steifigkeit der langen Röhrenknochen signifikant beeinträchtigt. Perspektivisch eignet sich der vorgestellte multimodale Ansatz für nicht-destruktive Charakterisierung eines breiten Spektrums biologischer und synthetischer Faserverbundwerkstoffe. / Key factors determining the remarkable mechanical performance of bone are its material composition and complex hierarchically structure. The aim of this thesis was the concurrent investigation of the chemical composition and 3D structure of bone tissue in relation to the local elastic properties by introducing novel high resolution experimental approaches. In the first part, polarized Raman spectroscopy (PRS) was applied to analyze healthy human cortical bone. In particular, it was demonstrated that PRS can be employed to simultaneously investigate the chemical composition and the 3D organization of collagen fibrils in a single experiment. Predominant fibril orientations in entire tissue domains were identified and linked to the coexistence of two fibril organization patterns. To further extend the analysis, PRS experiments were combined with synchrotron X-ray phase contrast nano tomography and scanning acoustic microscopy measurements in a site-matched study design. This multimodal approach enabled complementary imaging of the fibrillar architecture, tissue composition and resulting elastic properties of single bone lamellae. In line with earlier studies, crosscorrelation analysis strongly suggested that the characteristic elastic undulations of bone lamellae are the result of the twisting fibrillar orientation, rather than compositional variations, modulations of the mineral particle maturity, or mass density fluctuations. Finally, acoustic microscopy was applied to analyze the impact of the neurofibromin 1 gene mutation on the pathologic development of the mechanical properties of bone. Analysis of two knock-out mouse models revealed that only Nf1 ablation in early mesenchymal progenitor cells significantly impairs the elastic stiffness of long bones. In future studies, the presented multimodal methodology can be translated for non-destructive and high resolution characterization of a broad range of biological and synthetic fiber composite materials.

Notion irréductible de notre univers politique, la souveraineté semble aujourd’hui dépassée, et appelée à céder sa place à d’autres modes de représentation de l’État et de la collectivité. Pourtant, les difficultés liées à son dépassement recèlent le fait que ce concept n’a rien en réalité rien d’évident :abstraite et mystérieuse, la souveraineté l’est par nécessité. Le cœur de cette abstraction, fossile théologico-politique, fonde sa légitimité. Ainsi, la souveraineté est surtout le produit d’un refoulement des sources et de la nature violente de l’autorité vers le Tiers autoritaire, notion médiane caractérisant la nécessaire conceptualisation de l’autorité légitime comme troisième terme institutionnalisé de la relation entre celui qui exerce l’autorité et celui qui la subit. <p><p>Ce Tiers, au sortir de la théologie médiévale, s’est d’abord incarné dans le concept de Corps ;le corps de l’État dérive en droite ligne du corps du Christ d’abord, de celui de l’Église ensuite, et a offert à l’autorité, alors pensée sur un registre hétéronome, divin et naturel, un écrin la liant à une légitimité et une nécessité naturelles. Le mythe du Corps, pourtant, va petit à petit devenir celui du Père au fur et à mesure de la constitution de l’État, et singulièrement de la monarchie absolue. Le Père campe alors le caractère nécessaire de l’autorité devant être exercée par le créateur sur sa chose créée, mais permet de continuer dans le même temps à faire bénéficier les structures existantes de l’empreinte théologique représentée sur terre par des mandataires héréditaire – les princes. L’institutionnalisation de l’État, et la relative stabilité qui va en découler, va toutefois fournir le cadre apte à permettre à une pensée du sujet d’émerger, faisant naître des concepts qui, tels la multitude et le peuple, posent de plus en plus directement la question de la légitimité par la prise en compte de la volonté de ceux sur lesquels elle s’exerce. C’est ainsi que naîtront les théories du pacte social, qui tentent chacune à leur manière de concevoir un moment méthodologique où l’octroi du pouvoir soit a été cédé dans le passé, soit est toujours exercé par le peuple à chaque instant. Le mythe du contrat, ainsi, est celui par lequel la légitimité de l’autorité est conciliée avec l’origine du pouvoir. Cette liaison est rendue possible par le meurtre du Père, c’est-à-dire la suppression de l’autorité naturelle et nécessaire au profit d’une autorité conventionnelle et contingente. Or, le mythe du contrat est fragile ;il nécessite, pour juguler le flux de contingence qui émerge dès lors que la question de la légitimité se pose, que la question de la nature du pouvoir soit dûment maîtrisée. Cela demande que l’autorité ne prenne pas sa source dans le repli sur le présent permanent, c’est-à-dire sur le peuple, mais sur un critère de représentativité. Cela nécessite surtout un refoulement conscient de la nature et de l’origine de l’autorité vers un sur-moi qui constituera, à l’apogée de la modernité, le cœur abstrait de la notion de souveraineté. <p><p>Or cette conception de l’autorité se fissure elle-même sous le poids d’une contingence qui, comme flux permanent, tend par nature à excéder son cadre. A terme, ainsi, l’étiolement de la souveraineté coïncide-t-il avec l’avènement du dogme des droits de l’homme, appelés sur un registre immanent à compenser la perte de sens induite par l’insuffisance de verticalité assumée par la modernité.<p> / Doctorat en Philosophie / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

In this dissertation, I examine antagonistic relationships between women writers in the first half of the eighteenth century, focusing on the works of Delarivier Manley, Martha Fowke Sansom, Eliza Haywood, and Laetitia Pilkington. Professional rivalry among women writers represents an under-studied but vital element of the history of print culture in the early eighteenth century. I argue that the shared burden of negotiating the complicated literary marketplace did not, as critics have at times suggested, inspire women who wrote for print publication to feel for one another a sisterly benevolence. Rather, fine gradations in social class, questions of genre status and individual talent, and -- perhaps most importantly -- clashing literary ambitions spurred early eighteenth-century women writers into vicious rivalries recorded in print and driven by print culture. Women documented their literary battles in poems, in prefaces, and in autobiographical texts replete with self-justification and with attacks on former friends or disappointing patronesses. This dissertation recognizes rivalry as a crucial mode of interaction between eighteenth-century literary women and analyzes the ways in which these professional women writers labored to defend themselves not just against patriarchal pressures but against one another. In doing so, it contributes to the construction of a more complete literary history of the first half of the eighteenth century by exploring how early eighteenth-century women writers imagined their own professional lives, how they imagined the professional lives of other women, and how they therefore believed themselves influenced (or claimed themselves influenced) by the support or detraction of other women. The first two chapters of this dissertation focus on Delarivier Manley's career and writings, while the second two address the entangled writing lives of Eliza Haywood and Martha Fowke Sansom. The concluding chapter briefly examines Laetitia Pilkington's Memoirs. I investigate the way these women employed the practice of life-writing as a means of self-construction, self-promotion, and public appeal. / text