The purpose of this study was to examine how retirement home staff promotes the sense of security of older persons receiving care in retirement homes. In qualitative interviews with staff the following research questions were studied: which factors are described as central for older people’s sense of security? How does retirement home staff promote security for older people in their daily work? Which potentials and difficulties is retirement home staff identifying in promoting security? Theoretical perspectives used in the analysis: the salutogenic perspective and the life-course perspective. Results: relationships, influence and knowledge were central for older people's sense of security. Staff's efforts to promote security were based on creating relationships and on being a handy resource, which created conditions for quality-care. Lack of time was presented as a difficulty. I argue that interpersonal relationships and the promotion of older people’s influence and knowledge should have a central role in care-work.

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Bakgrund: Majoriteten av alla patienter som skall sövas inför en operation är rädda för den anestesi och kirurgi som väntar. Det är svårt att definiera vad trygghet innebär och hur det kan skapas för en enskild person, eftersom detta kan variera från individ till individ. Trygghet är en viktig del av hälsa och finns med som krav på hälso- och sjukvården i hälso- och sjukvårdslagen. Enligt denna ska vården kunna tillgodose patientens behov av trygghet under vårdtiden. Det är viktigt att sjuksköterskan förstår och inser vikten av att skapa trygghet för patienten, för att kunna ge en ökad trygghet när det behövs. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att undersöka anestesisjuksköterskors strategier för att skapa trygghet hos patienter inför en anestesi. Metod: Examensarbetet består av en kvalitativ innehållsanalys med en intervjuguide baserad på semistrukturerade frågor. Studien utgår från intervjuer med tolv stycken anestesisjuksköterskor verksamma vid tre olika sjukhus i västra Sverige.Resultat: Resultatet bygger på tre huvudkategorier: Kommunikation, Med hjälp av yttre faktorer samt Individanpassadvård. Slutsats: Att anpassa mötet utifrån patienten var viktigt för att skapa trygghet. Anestesisjuksköterskan skapade trygghet genom att kommunicera, informera samt via kroppskontakt. Trygghet skapades även genom anestesisjuksköterskans förhållningssätt gentemot patienten, samt, ett gott teamarbete och med hjälp av läkemedel. En viktig aspekt i processen med att skapa trygghet var även att låta anhöriga få vara en stöttande del inför anestesi. Nyckelord: Anestesi, Trygghet, Preoperativt, Patient / Background: The majority of patients that are going to need anesthesia before surgical procedures are afraid of being anesthesised and the surgical procedure awaiting. It is difficult to define what security for the patient is and how it can be created for the individual, as this can vary from individual to individual. The sense of security is an important part of health and wellbeing and is included as a criteria for health and medical care, that is included in Swedish hälso och sjukvårds lagen. According to this, so must medical care meet the need of the patient security during care. It is important that the anesthesia nurse understands and realizes the importance of the feeling of security for the patient, and so enables him/her to give increased security when needed.Aim: The Aim of this study was to examine the anesthesia nurses strategies for create a sense of security in patients before anesthesia.Method: This study consist of a qualitative content analysis with an interview guide based on semi-constructed questions. Twelve anesthesia nurses from three different hospitals in the west of Sweden were interviewed.Result: The result builds upon three main categories: Communication, With help of outer factors and personalized care.Conclusion: To adapt the meeting from the patient perspective was as important to create a sense of security. The anesthesia nurse created a sense of security through communication by informing the patient and through body contact. A sense of security was also created through the anesthesia nurses approach to the patient, good team work and through medications. An important aspect to create a sense of security was to let a next of kin be a support.Key words: anesthesiology, sense of security, pre-operative,patient.

Många människor går in och ut ur olika missbruksprogram utan att bli fria från sitt missbruk på sikt. Frivilligsektorn har alternativa hjälpinsatser att erbjuda men frågan är vad dessa hjälpinstanser, som AA och frikyrkan, gör som individerna själva upplever vara till hjälp. Tidigare forskning har inte svarat på frågan varför individer väljer att söka sig till hjälpinstanser som dessa när det finns missbruksvård inom offentlig sektor att tillgå. Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka människor med bakomliggande missbruksproblematiks upplevelser av hjälp från Anonyma Alkoholister (AA), frikyrkan eller missbruksvården inom offentlig sektor, för att få en uppfattning om vad som faktiskt har fungerat för dessa människor. Studien är kvalitativ, hermeneutisk och bygger på semistrukturerade intervjuer med sju informanter. Studien visar att faktorer som gemenskap, ökad självkänsla, nya identiteter och andlighet varit betydelsefulla för informanternas varaktiga drogfrihet. Studiens slutsats är att informanterna från AA och frikyrkan upplever en högre grad av dessa faktorer i den hjälp de fått än informanterna som fått hjälp från offentlig sektor, faktorer som i studien kopplats till teorier rörande identitet, empowerment och trygghet i strukturer och fostran eller i att lägga sitt liv i Guds händer. Denna studie kan bidra med nya perspektiv som missbruksvården inom offentlig sektor kan ha nytta av för att bättre anpassa missbruksarbetet till individernas behov. / Many people go in and out of addiction programs without any long lasting results. The voluntary sector provides an alternate help to this group. If we look from the perspective of the individual, the question is what the organizations in the voluntary sector do provide that is helping the individual to become free from abuse? Existing research does not answer the question of why individuals choose to turn to organizations in the voluntary sector, like AA and the Free Church, when there is addiction treatment to be received through the public sector. This study aims to examine the experiences of people with substance abuse when receiving help from Alcoholics Anonymous, the Swedish Free Church and the traditional addiction treatments of the public sector, to gain an understanding of what has been working for these people. This is a qualitative, hermeneutic study based upon semi-structured interviews with seven interviewees. The study displays that factors such as fellowship, enhanced self-esteem, new identities and spirituality are important for them to be continuously abstinent. The result of the study shows that the interviewees from AA and the Free Church experiences that the help they received provide them with a stronger sense of these factors than the interviewees from traditional addiction treatment experiences. These factors are in this study connected with theories involving identity, empowerment and sense of security in ruling, frames and fosterage or relying on God. This study can contribute with new perspectives that the traditional addiction treatment can find useful to adjust the treatment to the needs of the individuals.

Rapporten handlar om olika metoder för att lokalisera smartphones och skapandet av en Androidapplikation. Applikationen skulle visualisera Campusområdet vid Örebro universitet för att öka medvetenheten och säkerhetskänslan för personer som är där kvällar och nätter. Implementationen av systemet beskrivs tillsammans med de problem som uppstod, samt dess lösningar. / The report is about different methods of localizing smartphones and the creation of an Android application. The application should visualize the Campus for Örebro university to raise awareness and the sense of security for people who are there at night. The implementation of the system is described along with the problems during development, and how they were solved.

Background: The birth experience has long-term implications on women’s health. Previous research mainly focuses on risk factors and traumatic birth. The lack of a salutogenic perspective on the birth experience is troublesome since childbirth generally is a healthy life event with the capability of empowering women and their families.  Objectives: The aim of this study was to describe what contributes to women’s sense of security during childbirth and what the meaning of a sense of security during childbirth is. Method: The study had a qualitative design. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 13 informants who had given birth at home or in hospital, the last 3-20 months. Both vaginal and cesarean births among primiparous and multiparous women were represented in the material. Data was analyzed with qualitative content analysis. Results: Aspects that contributed to a sense of security were presented in the two themes “Support and assistance from a respecting team” and “The strengthening of women’s own ability in childbirth”. The third theme, “Sense of security enables emotional growth”, described the informants’ view of the meaning of a sense of security.  Conclusion:The results contribute to the knowledge of how midwives can model their support to women in order to empower them and increase their sense of security during childbirth. It provides a deepened understanding for the concept of sense of security, seen as a continuum, and as an inseparable part of women’s birth experiences.  Keywords: birth experience, control, sense of security, support, qualitative content analysis / Bakgrund:Förlossningsupplevelsen påverkar hälsa och välbefinnande hos kvinnor och deras familjer. Tidigare forskning har främst fokuserat på riskfaktorer och följderna av en traumatisk förlossningsupplevelse. Avsaknaden av ett salutogent perspektiv på förlossningsupplevelsen inom barnmorskans forskningsfält är problematiskt eftersom de flesta förlossningar är friska, normal livshändelse som kan stärka kvinnor och deras familjer.  Syfte:Studiens syfte var att beskriva vilken betydelse som känslan av trygghet har under en förlossning och hur en känsla av trygghet kan uppnås och stärkas. Metod:Studien hade en kvalitativ design. Semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes med 13 informanter som fött barn de senaste 3 - 20 månaderna, hemma eller på förlossningsavdelning. Bland informanterna fanns både förstföderskor och omföderskor som fött barn vaginalt eller med kejsarsnitt. Data analyserades med kvalitativ innehållsanalys.  Resultat:Självtillit, valmöjlighet gällande förlossningsplats, fokus och kontroll bidrar till kvinnors känsla av trygghet under förlossningen. Stöd från en känd barnmorska ökade kvinnors känsla av trygghet och bidrog till en positiv förlossningsupplevelse. Aspekter som förstärkte känslan av trygghet presenterade i två teman, “Stöd och bistående” och “Egen förmåga och inre styrka”. Det tredje temat, “Känslan av trygghet möjliggör emotionell utveckling”, beskrev betydelsen av en känsla av trygghet. Slutsats:Studiens resultat bidrar med kunskap om hur barnmorskor kan anpassa sitt stöd under förlossning så att det stärker kvinnors egenförmåga och känsla av trygghet. Studien bidrar till att förbjuda förståelsen för känslan av trygghet, sedd som ett kontinuum och en oskiljaktig del av kvinnors förlossningsupplevelser.  Nyckelord:förlossningsupplevelse, kontroll, kvalitativ innehållsanalys, stöd, trygghet

SAMMANFATTNING  Bakgrund: Kontinuitet genom graviditet, förlossning och nyföddhetsperiod har god evidens när de kommer till att främja okomplicerade förlossningar. Relationsbaserad vård är associerad med minskad morbiditet. Trots detta är vårdformen fortsatt ovanlig i Sverige.  Syfte: Syftet var att undersöka barnmorskors motivation att arbeta relationsbaserat och deras upplevelser och erfarenheter att följa kvinnan under graviditet, förlossning och nyföddhetsperiod.  Metod: Studien har en kvalitativ ansats där fem barnmorskor intervjuades varav alla hade erfarenheter av att jobba relationsbaserat. Data analyserades med kvalitativ innehållsanalys.  Resultat: Två teman kunde utläsas av resultatet: “Vårdens organisation” och “Relationernas betydelse”. Barnmorskorna upplevde att beredskapen var slitsam men att arbetet i sig var givande. Flera barnmorskor nämnde den medikaliserade och hierarkiska vården som anledningar till att de sökt sig från förlossningsvården på sjukhus till den relationsbaserade vården. Relationerna som byggdes tack vare kontinuiteten ledde till en ökad upplevelse av trygghet för den födande samt dess partner.  Slutsats: Studiens resultat visar att barnmorskor som tidigare har, eller för närvarande, arbetar inom en kontinuitetsmodell upplevt ett flertal positiva aspekter i sitt arbete. Förutom att arbetet får dem att må bra och ger dem en känsla av tillfredsställelse, byggs även starka band till den födande, vilket verkar främja fysiologiska födslar. Relationen som byggs upp över tid ledde till en ökad trygghet för kvinnan och även hennes partner. Barnmorskans anledningar att jobba relationsbaserat berodde delvis på en upplevelse att förlossningsvården blivit medikaliserad och läkarstyrd samt att man inte hade möjlighet att utöva sitt barnmorskeri. / ABSTRACT  Background: Continuity throughout pregnancy, childbirth and the neonatal period has good evidence when it comes to promoting uncomplicated births. Relationship-based care is associated with reduced morbidity. Despite this, this form of care is still unusual in Sweden.  Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate midwives' reasons to work relationship-based and their experiences of following the woman during pregnancy, childbirth and the postnatal period.  Method: The study has a qualitative approach where five midwives were interviewed, all of whom had experience of working relationship-based. Data was analyzed with qualitative content analysis.  Results: Two themes could be deduced from the results: "The organization of health care" and "The importance of relationships". The midwives felt that the on-call work was tiring but that the work itself was rewarding. Several midwives mentioned the medicalized and hierarchical care as reasons why they have moved from maternity wards in hospitals to relationship-based care. The relationships that were built thanks to the continuity led to an increased sense of security for the person giving birth and their partner.  Conclusion: The results of the study show that midwives who previously have, or currently, work within a continuity model experienced a number of positive aspects in their work. In addition to making them feel good and giving them a sense of satisfaction, the work also builds strong bonds with the birthing person, which seems to promote physiological births. The relationship that is built up over time led to an increased sense of security for the woman and also her partner. The midwife's reasons for working relationship-based were partly due to a perception that maternity care had become medicalized and controlled by doctors, and that they could not practice their midwifery.

Bakgrund: Barnhälsovården (BHV) genomför universella insatser till alla barn och deras föräldrar och riktade insatser till de familjer som har särskilda behov. Hembesök är en arbetsmetod som används av BHV-sjuksköterskan och kan göras av olika orsaker. Dels som en del av de universella insatserna, dels som en riktad insats till familjer i behov av extra stöd.   Syfte: Beskriva sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av att arbeta med universella och riktade hembesök inom barnhälsovården. Metod: En kvalitativ studie. Femton specialistsjuksköterskor inom BHV intervjuades. Innehållsanalys med induktiv ansats har använts som analysmetod. Resultat: BHV-sjuksköterskorna har positiva erfarenheter av hembesök som en användbar arbetsmetod både universellt och riktat, men att det är tidskrävande med hembesök. BHV-sjuksköterskornas erfarenheter visar att hembesök ger goda förutsättningar för att kunna etablera en god vårdrelation med familjen. BHV-sjuksköterskorna upplever att både barnen och föräldrarna är tryggare i hemmiljön.  Föräldrarna vågar öppna sig mer och det underlättar för BHV-sjuksköterskan att bedöma barnets hälsa när barnet är tryggare. Samarbete med andra professioner vid hembesök upplevs i vissa situationer som ett bra stöd. Slutsats: Barnet och föräldrarna upplevs tryggare i hemmet än på mottagningen och hembesök ger därför goda förutsättningar för att bygga upp en förtroendefull vårdrelation med familjen. Universella hembesök ger BHV-sjuksköterskorna möjlighet att identifiera familjer med behov av riktat stöd och riktade hembesök kan vidare bidra till att alla familjer får en ökad möjlighet till likvärdig hälsa. / Background: The Child Health Care (CHC) offer universal interventions to all children and their parents, as well as targeted intervention for families with specific needs. One method used by the CHC-nurse is home visits and they can be performed for different reasons. Partly as a component of the universal support, partly as a targeted intervention to families in need of extra support. Purpose: To describe nurses experiences working with universal as well as targeted home visits in Child Health Care. Method: A qualitative study. Fifteen specialist nurses were interviewed, and content analysis has been used to analyse the interviews. Results: The CHC-nurses find home visits as a positive and useful method, both for universal and targeted purpose. However, it is a time-consuming method. Their experiences show that the method facilitate caring relation with the family. The nurses experience that both children and their parents are much safer in their home environment. The parents dare to open up more and it makes it easier for the Child Health Care Nurses to assess the child’s health and development. Cooperation with other professions when making home visits can be supportive in certain situations. Conclusion: The child and the parents are seemingly more at ease at home than at the clinic. As a consequence, home visits lead to good opportunities to establish a caring and trustful relation with the family. Universal home visits offer the possibility to identify families in need of more targeted support. Targeted home visits can contribute to promote every families the opportunity to access equal health.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T14:31:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gabriel Rodrigues Leal.pdf: 3004314 bytes, checksum: 75b9d11c996e62b959fcb5bd40d9b86a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-20 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / This work aims to support the police science analyzing, first, the affection "sense of security" through a structured ontology in triangulation between the "moral failure" in Pascal, the "science of affection" in Espinosa and the "instinct death "in Freud:" ontology of the abyss. " Given this initial ontoantropológica construction, held the book I will trace a brief genealogy of the police institution in Book II now accosted in stud procedure Nietzsche and documentary research on the history of security institutions, or rather, the security-military thinking , greatly Brazilian army. It is, in Book II, therefore, to follow the history of these institutions and their adherence or not to book ontology I. In Book III, in turn, began to investigate the police-military education and general lines an understanding of police-military educational process to give scope to the idea of a precise scientific object or set to public safety sciences, then described in Book IV. Therefore, a sequence of arguments juxtaposition we rely, first, in the ontology; later, in the institutional history of military thought followed by their educational practice scoped to the object "security," to bring in the book IV, an introductory proposal of "public safety sciences," trying to understand their epistemological foundations founded on epistemology Virtue Ernst Sosa (2013) and also moral, established and reading in orthopraxis military values. In short, it is investigating the possibility of understanding security, and its structural affection for the man, as an object of knowledge of police institutions with scientific status, which is founded first and foremost, the year of the first science, philosophy and its offer of elucidating the problem of evil cogent to man and consequently the whole social body, read, since the front pages through an analysis of Hobbes. It is based, in general, still, reading the police not only as reassuring institution and guarantee rights in democracy, insist as public policies, but also as the ultimate repository of cohesion and social peace through the systematic use of violence to "subject Hobbesian "to preserve order, the foundation of social coexistence possible / Este trabalho tem como objetivo fundamentar as ciências policiais analisando, primeiramente, o afeto sensação de segurança por meio de uma ontologia estruturada na triangulação entre a insuficiência moral em Pascal, a ciência dos afetos em Espinosa e a pulsão de morte em Freud: ontologia do abismo . Diante dessa inicial construção ontoantropológica, realizada no Livro I, traçaremos uma breve genealogia da instituição policial no Livro II, agora, acostados no procedimento genealógico de Nietzsche observado por Foucault em sede de normalização e biopolítica e em pesquisa documental acerca da história das instituições de segurança, ou melhor, do pensamento militar à segurança, sobremaneira do Exército brasileiro. Trata-se, no Livro II, portanto, de acompanhar a história dessas instituições e sua aderência, ou não, à ontologia do Livro I. No Livro III, por sua vez, começamos a investigar a educação policial-militar e as linhas gerais de uma compreensão de processo educativo policial-militar para dar escopo à ideia de um objeto científico preciso ou definido às ciências policiais, descritas então no Livro IV. Portanto, numa sequência de justaposição de argumentos baseamonos, primeiramente, na ontologia; posteriormente, na história institucional do pensamento militar seguido de sua prática educativa com escopo ao objeto segurança , para trazer, no Livro IV, uma proposta introdutória das ciências policiais , buscando compreender seus fundamentos epistemológicos fundados na epistemologia da virtude de Ernst Sosa (2013) e, também, morais, com sede de compreensão e leitura na ortopráxis dos valores militares. Em suma, trata-se de investigar a possibilidade de compreender a segurança, e seu afeto estrutural ao homem, como objeto de conhecimento das instituições policiais com status científico, e que se funda antes de mais nada, no exercício da ciência primeira, a filosofia, e sua oferta de elucidação ao problema do mal cogente ao homem e consequentemente a todo corpo social, lido, já nas primeiras páginas através de uma análise em Hobbes. Assenta-se, em caráter geral, ainda, na leitura das polícias não somente como instituição asseguradora e garantia de direitos na democracia, como insistem as políticas públicas, mas também como repositório último da coesão e paz social mediante o uso sistemático da violência ao sujeito hobbesiano para preservação da ordem, o fundamento da convivência social possível

This dissertation covers the subject of how abstract concepts and complex situations can be concretized through research together with practitioners. The dissertation is based on four empirical studies. The researcher role, the practitioner participation and the methods for data collection and analysis have varied. In study I the concept ‘Närsjukvård’ was explored to understand how practitioners, managers and politicians in hospitals, primary health care and municipalities interpreted the concept. The researcher acted as consultant who collected data by interviews and questionnaires. Practitioners’ participation was limited. ‘Närsjukvård’ was interpreted as accessibility to hospital beds, accessibility to primary health care, collaboration between care providers and continuity and developed home care. Study II aimed to explore how people experienced leg ulcer care. The researcher acted as a consultant who performed the interviews and analysed the data. Although the informants experienced their encounters with the nurses as satisfying, the study illuminated low participation in the care and low practitioner involvement in issues about daily living with the leg ulcer. The findings were brought back to the informants and the practitioners. The project did not proceed towards development and change. In study III the aim was to explore the Swedish concept ‘trygghet’ by using stories from daily life. Four older women were interviewed and the Story Dialogue method was used together with assistant nurses and registered nurses who participated in data collection and analysis. Two themes emerged: Sense of Security and factors strengthening the Sense of Security. Together with the assistant nurses, areas for improvements were identified. Study IV aimed to explore the discharge planning situation in order to generate ideas for development. Members from a discharge planning network participated in the whole research process. Conditions for a successful coordinated discharge planning situation were a system including: the participation of the patient, the competence of the staff and the support from the organisation. The group arranged a workshop about communication and interdisciplinary collaboration. The findings resulted in a form with self-evaluation questions. In conclusion, this thesis illustrates that it is possible to clarify abstract concepts and complex situations together with practitioners. To do this successfully, sense making activities and to start from practitioners’ experiences and their own context are key factors. The studies illuminate that building trust, relationship and sense of participation are essential in health and social care in general and specifically in the participatory action research process.