Tese (doutorado)—Universidade de Brasília, Centro de Desenvolvimento Sustentável, 2008. / Submitted by Diogo Trindade Fóis (diogo_fois@hotmail.com) on 2009-10-14T18:06:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2008rudihenrivanels.pdf: 2453139 bytes, checksum: 54b598401dbd048fc1e19c6601d0604b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Gomes Neide(nagomes2005@gmail.com) on 2010-03-02T12:21:46Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2008rudihenrivanels.pdf: 2453139 bytes, checksum: 54b598401dbd048fc1e19c6601d0604b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2010-03-02T12:21:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2008rudihenrivanels.pdf: 2453139 bytes, checksum: 54b598401dbd048fc1e19c6601d0604b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-03-14 / A presente tese aborda a problemática relativa a eletrificação rural em comunidades tradicionais na região Amazônica. O objetivo da tese é pesquisar a sustentabilidade de projetos de geração descentralizada de energia elétrica a partir de aproveitamento de fontes renováveis de energia nessas comunidades. Essa opção de geração de energia elétrica, a partir dos próprios recursos naturais e renováveis que são encontrados na região, apresenta-se como alternativa à convencional expansão da rede elétrica a partir de uma usina geradora central. Pois, pelas próprias necessidades de sobrevivência, essas comunidades costumam viver de forma dispersa num vasto território, distantes dos centros urbanos. A discussão do atendimento dessas comunidades se torna importante, diante da implantação da lei da universalização dos serviços públicos de energia do Estado Brasileiro. A legislação prevê metas para a sua implantação e segundo estimativas do governo federal há aproximadamente 300.000 domicílios na Amazônia que devem ser atendidos por meio de alguma forma de geração descentralizada de energia elétrica. Existem diversas opções tecnológicas que podem ser usadas para prover este atendimento, bem como diversos modelos de negócio, implementação e gestão desses empreendimentos. A proposta da tese é de contribuir com esse debate, a partir de um estudo sistemático do setor elétrico, das ações realizadas pelo Estado nos últimos 20 anos, e da análise de uma experiência de implantação de uma microcentral hidrelétrica numa comunidade tradicional na Amazônia surinamesa. Além desse estudo de caso, a pesquisa acompanha a implantação de uma unidade de geração descentralizada de energia elétrica com uma turbina hidrocinética num assentamento agroextrativista no sul de estado de Amapá. A metodologia usada neste caso é a da pesquisa-ação, pelas próprias características da pesquisa, pois um dos objetivos da tese é de elaborar e aplicar um novo modelo para a implementação e gestão de sistemas de geração descentralizada. A pesquisa mostra que projetos de eletrificação rural em comunidades tradicionais não podem considerar a energia como mero bem de consumo. Há a necessidade de inserir a ação de eletrificação num sistema de ações interligados que promovem o desenvolvimento da comunidade, usando a energia como indutor. Assim o problema passa a ser uma questão de desenvolvimento local e a sua resolução tem que usar os instrumentos apropriados para essa problemática. Por fim, a pesquisa ressalta a importância da figura do patrocinador para o modelo de implementação e aponta caminhos para viabilizar a participação do setor elétrico em projetos dessa natureza. _______________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT / This thesis discusses rural electrification in traditional communities in the Amazon. The objective of this thesis is to investigate the sustainability of decentralized electricity generation projects with renewable energy sources in traditional communities. This option of electricity generating, through exploring own natural and renewable resources usually present in their area, is an alternative to the conventional electrical grid expansion. The traditional communities, as for their own survival needs, normally live in a wide spread dispersed way in a vast territory, distant from the urban centers. The discussion of this subject is important, as the Brazilian government promulgated a law that establishes the universalization of public electric energy services. This legislation foresees goals and deadlines for its implantation and the federal government estimates that there are approximately 300.000 households in the Amazon that should be assisted through some form of decentralized electricity generation. There are several technological options that can be used to provide this service, as well as several business, implantation and administration models of these plants. The proposal of the thesis is to contributing with this debate, starting with a systematic survey of the electric sector, of the initiatives on decentralized electricity generation with renewable sources realized by the state in the last 20 years, and a case study of an experience of a micro hydropower plant in a traditional community in the Surinamese Amazon. The research also accompanied the implantation of a decentralized electricity generation unit with a hydrokinetic turbine in an agrarian and extractive settlement in the southern region of the state of Amapá in the Brazilian Amazon. The methodology used in this case is that of research-action, due to the characteristics of the research. One of the objectives of this thesis is to elaborate and apply a new model for the implantation and management of decentralized generation systems. The research showed that rural electrification project in traditional communities cannot consider energy as a simple commodity. There is a need to insert the electrification action in a system of interconnected actions that promote the community's development, using the energy as an inductor. So the problem passes to one of local development and its resolution has to use the appropriate instruments available. Finally, the research emphasizes the importance of a sponsor in the execution of this kind of projects and it shows ways to make the participation of the electric sector in this kind of projects feasible. _______________________________________________________________________________ RÉSUMÉ / Cette thèse traite la problématique de l´électrification rurale au sein des communautés traditionnelles en Amazonie. Son objectif est celui de faire une recherche concernant la durabilité des projets de génération décentralisée d´énergie électrique à partir de l´exploitation des sources renouvelables d´énergie dans ces communautés. Cette option de génération d´énergie électrique, à partir des ressources naturelles et renouvelables de la région, se présente comme une alternative à l´expansion conventionnelle du réseau électrique qui s´utilise d´une usine génératrice centrale. En fonction de leurs nécessités particulières de survie, ces communautés vivent de façon dispersée dans des vastes extensions territoriales, éloignées des centres urbains. La discussion sur l´offre d´énergie à ces communautés devient importante face à l´implantation de la loi d´universalisation des services publics d´énergie par l´État brésilien. Des cibles et des délais sont prévus pour l´implantation de la loi et, selon les données estimées par le gouvernement brésilien, il existe environ 300.000 domiciles en Amazonie qui doivent être assistées par une forme de génération décentralisée d´énergie électrique. Il existent diverses options technologiques qui peuvent être utilisées pour garantir cet approvisionnement d´énergie, ainsi que de divers business models, modèles d´implémentation et de gestion de ces initiatives. La proposition de la thèse est celle de contribuer avec ce débat, à partir d´une étude systématique du secteur électrique, des actions menées par l´État brésilien durant les 20 dernières années et de l´analyse d´une expérience d´implantation d´une micro central hydroélectrique au sein d´une communauté dans l´Amazonie surinamaise. En plus de cette étude de cas au Surinam, la recherche a accompagné l´implantation d´une turbine de génération d´énergie hydrocynétique dans une aire de concession agraire et extractive dans la région sud de l´état de l´Amapá. En fonction des caractéristiques particulières de la recherche, il a été utilisée la recherche-action comme méthodologie, car, l´un des objectifs de la thèse est celui d´élaborer et appliquer un modèle pour la mise en oeuvre et gestion des systèmes de génération décentralisée d´énergie. La recherche a montré que, quand il s´agit d´électrification rurale au sein des communautés traditionnelles, l´énergie ne peut pas être considérée simplement comme un bien de consommation. Il devient nécessaire que l´action pour l´électrification soit insérée dans un système d´actions intégrées qui puissent promouvoir le développement des communautés, en utilisant l´énergie comme inducteur du développement. De ce fait, le problème devient une question de développement local et sa résolution doit utiliser des instruments spécifiques pour ce type de problématique. Enfin, la recherche introduit le parrain, un acteur important pour ce modèle d´implantation, et suggère aussi des chemins pour rendre viable la participation du secteur électrique dans ce type des projets. _______________________________________________________________________________ RESUMÉ / Deze thesis beschrijft de elektriciteit voorziening in traditionele gemeenschappen in het Amazone gebied. Het doel is om de duurzaamheid van gedecentraliseerde energie opwekking met hernieuwbare energie bronnen in traditionele gemeenschappen te bestuderen. Deze optie van elektriciteits opwekking door het ontwikkelen van eigen natuurlijke en hernieuwbare hulpbronnen die normaal beschikbaar zijn in hun leefgemeenschappen, is een alternatief voor de conventionele elektriciteits netwerk uitbreiding. De traditionele gemeenschappen leven, als gevolg van hun overlevings behoeften, geografisch wijd verspreid in een groot gebied, op een grote afstand van de stedelijke centra. De bestudering van deze problematiek is nu relevant, omdat de Braziliaanse regering een wet heeft afgekondigd die zich richt op het algemeen maken van publieke elektrische nuts voorzieningen voor rurale gebieden. Deze wetgeving voorziet in doelen en mijlpalen voor de implementatie van rurale elektriciteits voorzieningen en schattingen van de federale regering geven aan dat er ongeveer 300.000 huishoudens in het Amazone gebied van Brazilië zijn, die moeten worden ondersteund door een vorm van gedecentraliseerde elektriciteits opwekking. Er zijn verschillende technologische opties die daarvoor gebruikt kunnen worden, alsmede meerdere business, implementatie en administratie modellen voor het opzetten van deze projecten. De aanbeveling van de thesis is een bijdrage te leveren aan dit debat, met als beginpunt een systematisch onderzoek van de elektriciteits sector, gevolgd door de analyse van de initiatieven op het gebied van gedecentraliseerde elektriciteit opwekking met hernieuwbare energie bronnen in de voorgaande 20 jaren, en een case study van de eerste installatie van een micro waterkracht centrale in een traditionele gemeenschap in het Surinaamse Amazone gebied. Naast deze case study, werd tijdens de promotieonderzoek, de implementatie van een gedecentraliseerde elektriciteit generatie installatie met een hydrokinetische turbine in een agrarische en extractiefe nederzetting in het zuiden van de staat Amapá in Braziliaans Amazone gebied begeleid. De toegepaste methodologie is actie-onderzoek, vanwege de karakteristieken van het onderzoek. Een van de doelstellingen van deze thesis is om een nieuw model voor de implementatie en administratie van gedecentraliseerde energie generatie systemen. Het onderzoek toont dat rurale elektrificatie projecten in traditionele gemeenschappen de energie niet als eenvoudige commodity kan beschouwen. Het is noodzakelijk om deze initiatieven voor elektrificatie in een ge-integreerde activiteiten systeem te plaatsen, om zo de energie te gebruiken als een geleider voor het bevorderen van de ontwikkeling van de gemeenschap. Op deze manier, verschuift het probleem naar een van locale (gemeenschaps) ontwikkeling en moet men de instrumenten die hiervoor beschikbaar zijn benutten. Tot slot benadrukt de studie het belang van een sponsor (ondersteuner) bij de uitvoering van dit soort projecten, en het geeft manieren aan om de deelname van de elektriciteits sector in deze projecten mogelijk te maken.

A presente pesquisa analisa usos contemporâneos da fronteira física entre Brasil e França, demonstrando que a partir da década de 1990 um novo cenário sócio-econômico e político entre Amapá e Guiana Francesa foi se criando, em que a lógica clássica das fronteiras políticas, do tipo discriminante e de isolamento, foi se alterando para um ambiente de cooperação em diferentes frentes (transportes, segurança, saúde, energia e meio ambiente) mesmo ainda com muitos obstáculos, sendo que para chegar aos resultados utilizamos o método de procedimento das escalas geográficas, analisando três obras (rodovia BR 156, futura ponte sobre o rio Oiapoque, e o Porto Organizado de Santana) que, juntas, motivaram a evolução da noção de fronteira, visto que este conjunto de infra-estruturas está estrategicamente pensado em várias esferas de interesses, o que é desenvolvido na pesquisa, principalmente quando das reflexões sobre a iniciativa de Implementação da Infra-estrutura Regional Sul-Americana. / The present research analyzes uses contemporaries of the physical border between Brazil and France, demonstrating that from the decade of 1990 a new partner-economic scene and politician between Amapá and French Guyana were if creating, where the classic logic of the borders politics, the discriminante type and isolation, was if modifying for an environment of cooperation in different fronts (transports, security, health, energy and environment), being that to arrive at the results we use the method of procedure of the geographic scales, analyzing three workmanships (highway BR 156, future bridge on the river Oiapoque, and the Organized Port of Santana) that, together, they had motivated the evolution of the border notion, since this set of infrastructures strategically is thought about some spheres of interests, what it is developed in the research, mainly when of the reflections on the initiative of Implementation of infrastructures South American Regional.

Orientador : Luzia Margareth Rago / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-28T21:15:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Barroso_IracideCarvalho_M.pdf: 8659587 bytes, checksum: b9d72cffa87450a369e9c1aa0ba6b4b5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2001 / Resumo: Esta dissertação apresenta um conjunto de saberes e práticas que compõem o oficio de parteiras tradicionais em quatro Municípios do Estado do Amapá. As histórias aqui narradas, são de memórias vivas de 20 parteiras que contam suas experiências no parto natural, no tratamento da mulher, da criança e da comunidade, na zona rural e nas periferias urbanas. Procuramos demonstrar neste estudo, que os saberes das parteiras estão presentes no quotidiano das comunidades que atuam. Os relatos das experiências vividas pelas parteiras, são tentativas de preservação dos valores culturais de seus antepassados.Após as indagações sobre a atual inserção das parteiras nas Políticas Públicas no Projeto de capacitação do Programa de Desenvolvimento Sustentável do Amapá (PDSA), percebemos que esta é mais uma forma de controle do oficio de parteira pelo Estado. Demostramos finalmente que a legalização e o reconhecimento do oficio dependem da vontade política dos que governam o Estado do Amapá / Abstract: This essay presents a combination of knowledge and practices which coumpound the work of the traditional midwives in four communities of the state of Amapá. The histories hereby told are living memories of 20 midwives who teU their experiences concerning normal delivery, the treatment of women, children and the community in the rural area and in the city outskirts. In this work we aim at showing that the knowledge of the midwives is present in the routine of the communities where they work in. The testemonies of the experiences which the midwives have been through are attempts to preserve their ancestors' cultural values. After the inquerements about the present insertion of the midwives in the Public Politics, as weU as in the enabling project of the Sustainable Development Program (SDPA), we have observed that this is a way of controlling the midwives work in the state. Finally, we have shown that the legalization and acknowledgement of the midwives work depend on the political will on the part of people who rule Amapá / Mestrado / Historia Cultural / Mestre em História

Orientador : Guillermo Raul Ruben / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-02T15:46:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Musolino_AlvaroAugustoNeves_M.pdf: 2664424 bytes, checksum: 3e585126200e2f9b3bb5b5e3bf683474 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1999 / Resumo: Não informado / Abstract: Not informed / Mestrado / Mestre em Antropologia

Orientador: Tamas Jozsef M. K. Szmrecsanyi / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociencias / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-03T19:48:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Vilhena_ManoelRicardo_M.pdf: 673880 bytes, checksum: b5595e7745e8cd327e1478c41adb20fa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004 / Mestrado

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2017-11-14T11:12:04Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tatiane Nunes Valente.pdf: 1931512 bytes, checksum: 4dd8ac62b69558ffce5d4d3ed319ab50 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-14T11:12:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tatiane Nunes Valente.pdf: 1931512 bytes, checksum: 4dd8ac62b69558ffce5d4d3ed319ab50 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-09-27 / The objective of this research is to elaborate and analyze a proposal for continuous education of teachers, considering the socio-educational context of the Foz do Rio Vila Nova riverside school, and to investigate in which ways the activities proposed in this study provided space for the transformation of the teaching practice of the participants during the educationalperiod. Thus, the research question is: from a proposal of continuous formation, how to collaborate for the practice of the teacher, considering the context of a riverside school?The school is located by the Vila Nova River, in the community of Anauerapucu, an hour from the Municipality of Santana by boat, in the State of Amapá, and offers Kindergarten and the first years of Elementary School.The research developed was based on the critical-collaborative approach (MAGALHÃES, 2006, 2011) and on the concept of Creative Chain (LIBERALI, 2012). The data collected were analyzed based on the critical reflection actions: Describe, Inform, Confront and Rebuild.The meetings were held through discussions of the pedagogical doing, in a critical-collaborative way, oriented to a reflection on the acting and the thinking of the teacher, searching for transformations that would help in the challenge of educating in the Amapaense Amazon.The results show that the educationalactivities allowed space for the study of theoretical conceptions, dialogue, exchange of knowledge and experiences, contributing forthe teachers to understand and discuss the reality of their classrooms.In addition, they have created a basis for teacher reflection about the educational difficulties.However, for the effective transformation of the teaching practice, a more in-depth formation is necessary from real problems of the daily school life, aspect not realized in the seven formative meetings, since it was not possible to approach practical questions of the classroom / Objetiva-se, nesta pesquisa, elaborar e analisar uma proposta de formação contínua de professores, considerando o contexto socioeducacional da escola ribeirinha Foz do Rio Vila Nova, e investigar em que medida as atividades propostas neste estudo, durante o período de formação, proporcionaram espaço para a transformação da prática docente dos participantes. Assim, tem-se como pergunta de pesquisa: a partir de uma proposta de formação contínua, como colaborar para a prática do professor, considerando o contexto de uma escola ribeirinha? A escola está localizada às margens do Rio Vila Nova, na comunidade de Anauerapucu, a uma hora de viagem de barco do Município de Santana, no Estado do Amapá, e oferta a Educação Infantil e os anos inicias do Ensino Fundamental. A pesquisa desenvolvida baseou-se na abordagem de reflexão crítico-colaborativa (MAGALHÃES, 2006, 2011) e no conceito de Cadeia Criativa (LIBERALI, 2012). A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de registro em diário de bordo, em gravação de áudio e de vídeos. Os dados coletados foram analisados com base nas ações da reflexão crítica: Descrever, Informar, Confrontar e Reconstruir. Os encontros foram realizados por meio de discussões do fazer pedagógico, de forma crítico-colaborativa, orientados para uma reflexão sobre o agir e o pensar docente, em busca de transformações que auxiliassem no desafio de educar na Amazônia Amapaense. Os resultados apontam que as atividades formativas possibilitaram espaço para o estudo de concepções teóricas, para o diálogo e para a troca de conhecimentos e de experiências, contribuindo para os docentes entenderem e discutirem a realidade de suas salas de aula. Além disso, criaram uma base para a reflexão dos professores frente às dificuldades educacionais. Para a transformação efetiva da prática docente, no entanto, faz-se necessária uma formação mais aprofundada a partir de problemas reais do cotidiano escolar, aspecto não realizado nos sete encontros formativos, uma vez não ter sido possível abordar questões práticas da sala de aula

Les espaces naturels protégés sont aujourd’hui à l‘échelle mondiale l’une des principales politiques publiques mises en œuvre pour faire face à la destruction des écosystèmes. Leur nombre a beaucoup augmenté ces dernières années et les modes d’action qu’ils recouvrent se sont considérablement diversifiés. Pour autant, les écosystèmes continuent à se dégrader, et l’efficacité de ces dispositifs est souvent remise en cause. Cette thèse vise à analyser les facteurs influant sur l’efficacité des espaces protégés pour la conservation d’écosystèmes amazoniens encore peu dégradés. Elle étudie pour cela la mise en œuvre de dispositifs relevant de doctrines de gestion de l’environnement différentes, basées sur (i) la limitation réglementaire maximale des activités humaines impactantes pour les écosystèmes, (ii) la gestion des ressources par des populations locales ou traditionnelles ou (iii) la mise en place d’une gestion forestière durable sur des terres publiques. Nous nous plaçons dans une posture comparative entre la Guyane (France) et l’Amapá (Brésil), territoires partageant une frontière commune, principalement matérialisée par le fleuve Oyapock. La comparaison internationale entre ces deux régions présentant une couverture exceptionnelle en espaces protégés, dans des conditions écologiques et géographiques relativement similaires, nous permet d’observer l’influence du contexte historique et sociopolitique sur les modes de prise en charge de la gestion de l’environnement par les aires protégées. Nous nous sommes basés sur une approche constructiviste, appuyée sur une production de données principalement qualitatives (entretiens semi-directifs, analyse de documents, observation participante…). Nous avons ainsi procédé à une déconstruction critique des dispositifs « aires protégées », permettant de mettre en lisibilité les enjeux environnementaux qu’ils portent, et d’analyser l’efficacité environnementale des stratégies mises en œuvre. Cette analyse s’est articulée autour d’une lecture à la fois diachronique et multiscalaire des processus de gestion.Nous montrons que la mise en place des espaces protégés de Guyane et d’Amapá a été portée par des coalitions d’acteurs structurées autour de doctrines de gestion, c’est à dire de conceptions partagées des conditions de mise en œuvre d’une « bonne gestion environnementale ». Les dispositifs créés ont hérité des ressources stratégiques d’action et de la légitimité de ces coalitions. Les coalitions porteuses de la création des espaces protégés en Amapá sont fortement articulées aux mouvements sociaux et environnementaux plus généraux de l’Amazonie brésilienne, notamment pour les revendications socio-environnementales émergeant à la sortie de la période dictatoriale. En Guyane française, les espaces naturels protégés sont principalement la résultante de compromis entre d’une part une volonté d’exemplarité de l’action de la France en Amazonie, et d’autre part une recherche de minimisation des conflits avec les acteurs politiques locaux. / Nowadays, natural protected areas are one of the main public policies implemented at the international level in order to prevent the destruction of ecosystems. During the last decades, they became very numerous, and mobilized more and more diversified modes of action. However, natural ecosystems continue to deteriorate, and the effectiveness of protected areas is often questioned. The aim of this thesis was to analyse the factors influencing the effectiveness of protected areas in a context of Amazonian ecosystems that are still well preserved. We observed the implementation of environmental management arrangement (protected areas) that are based on various doctrines: (i) the strong limitation of all harmful human activities through legislation; (ii) the management of resources by local or traditional populations; and (iii) the implementation of sustainable forest management on public lands. We adopted a comparative approach between Guyana (France) and Amapá (Brazil), territories that share a common border, mainly identifiable by the Oyapock River. These two territories present quite similar ecological and geographical conditions, and both have an exceptional coverage of protected areas. Therefore this international comparison allowed us to observe the influence of the historical and socio-political context on the implementation of protected areas. We used a constructivist approach, mainly based on qualitative data (semi-structured interviews, document analysis, participant observation...). We effected a critical deconstruction of "protected areas" management arrangements in order to make their environmental objectives intelligible, and we analysed the environmental effectiveness of the strategies implemented. This analysis was based on a diachronic and multiscalar lecture of management processes. We show that the establishment of protected areas in Guiana and Amapá was led by coalitions of actors structured around management doctrines, i.e. shared conceptions of "good environmental management". Management arrangements created inherited the strategic resources of action and the legitimacy of these coalitions. In Amapá, coalitions were strongly articulated with wider social and environmental movements of the Brazilian Amazon, especially in the case of socio-environmental claims rising at the end of the dictatorship. In French Guiana, the natural protected areas are mainly the result of compromise between the French willingness to serve as an example in the Amazon region, and the minimisation of conflicts with local politicians.

L’objectif général de ce travail est d’expliquer la nature des relations particulières entre une région française d’Amérique du Sud, la Guyane, et le Brésil, que l’histoire coloniale a rendus frontaliers, au moment où dans un contexte général d’intégrations continentales s’amorce entre eux un rapprochement institutionnel mettant un terme à quatre siècles de rivalités et d’ignorance réciproque. Mais la Guyane subit une forte pression migratoire et environnementale de la part d’un Brésil particulièrement dynamique, ainsi que les contraintes d’une appartenance française et européenne perçue comme étouffante en dépit des avantages qu’elle procure. En pleine quête identitaire, elle aimerait s’intégrer à un environnement géopolitique que le Brésil cherche de son côté à organiser à son profit dans sa stratégie d’affirmation continentale. Au moment où se construit un pont sur l’Oyapock entre les deux voisins, les récents accords de coopération régionale visent à une "continentalisation" de la Guyane, dans une Amérique du Sud dans laquelle elle était jusque là peu intégrée, mais elle doit se débattre entre de multiples enjeux régionaux, nationaux voire supranationaux qui la dépassent. / The overall objective of this paper is to explain the nature of the special relationship between a French region of South America, French Guiana, and Brazil that colonial history made neighbors, at the time when in a general context of continental integration these two countries are starting to knit closer institutional links putting an end to four centuries of rivalry and mutual ignorance. But French Guiana is undergoing high migration and environmental pressure on the part of a particularly dynamic Brazil, as well as the constraints of a french and european membership felt as choking in spite of the benefits it provides. In the midst of its search for its own identity quest, French Guiana would like to integrate into a geopolitical environment than Brazil on its side seeks to organize to its benefit, as part of its strategy for continental assertion. At the time when a bridge over the Oyapock river between the two neighboring is being built, recent regional cooperation agreements are aimed at "continentalization" French Guiana, in South America which it has so far been little integrated, but it must struggle between of multiple regional, national or supranational issues, which it is far too small.

Esta tese intenta uma reflexão sobre Comunicação Pública, em especial aquela produzida pelo Estado e/ou Governo, como condição estratégica para articular, construir e representar a memória social. Considera ser a Comunicação Pública intrinsecamente relacionada com o agir do cidadão na esfera pública, e que, pela valoração da memória, é possível um refazer, um reconstruir e um repensar, com recursos, informações, ideias, imagens e tecnologias de hoje, as experiências e os fatos de tempos pretéritos. É orientada por um questionamento basilar: a comunicação pública, com todo o alargamento conceitual que tem experimentado nos últimos anos, realmente participa da construção da memória social e da identidade histórica? É uma tese que carrega, como principal objetivo, o estabelecimento de conexões entre os preceitos da Comunicação Pública e da memória social, indicando-os como realmente decisivos e necessários para a escolha e enquadramento de acontecimentos tanto do presente quanto do passado. Sua referência metodológica é A análise pragmática da narrativa jornalística e, o seu material empírico, postagens feitas pela Agência Amapá de Notícias, concebida e implementada pela Secretaria de Comunicação do Governo do Estado do Amapá. Para efeito de investigação considera, exclusivamente, narrativas que estabelecem relação direta com a história e com o legado mnemônico do Amapá, seja na condição de Estado, seja como ex-Território Federal instituído por decreto-lei da ditadura de Getúlio Vargas. Neste intento, dialoga-se, por exemplo, com os escritos de Walter Benjamin, Simone Weil, Hannah Arendt, Maurice Halbwachs e Jürgen Habermas, em constante conexão com o pensamento de autores brasileiros como Luiz Gonzaga Motta, Ecléa Bosi, Cremilda de Araújo Medina, Heloiza Matos, Jorge Duarte, Venício Artur de Lima e o memorável Milton Santos, entre tantos que contribuem para a compreensão das interfaces que aqui contracenam. / This PhD dissertation aims at presenting a reflection about Public Communication, especially the one produced by the State and/or the Administration, as a strategic condition to articulate, build and represent social memory. It takes Public Communication as intrinsically related to the citizen´s agency in the public sphere and stresses that by cherishing memory one may remake, rebuild and reconsider past experiences and events with current resources, data, ideais, images and technologies. It is guided by a fundamental question: does public communication, with all the conceptual enlargement that it has undergone lately, really participate into the building of social memory and historical identity? So this dissertation´s main goal is to estabilish connections between the principles of Public Communication and social memory, pointing at them as really decisive and necessary for selecting and framing past and present events likewise. Its methodological reference is The Pragmatic Analysis of Journalistic Narrative and its empirical subject are postings made by the Amapá News Agency, conceived and implemented by the Secretary of Communication of the Government of the State of Amapá. For the purpose of its research, it considers exclusively narratives that are directly related with Amapá´s history and mnemonic legacy, both as a Federated State and as a former Federal Territory, instituted by an executive order issued by the Getúlio Vargas dictatorship. To this effect it dialogues with, for instance, writings by Walter Benjamin, Simone Weil, Hannah Arendt, Maurice Halbwachs and Jürgen Habermas, in constant connection with the thought of Brazilian authors such as Luiz Gonzaga Motta, Ecléa Bosi, Cremilda de Araújo Medina, Heloiza Matos, Jorge Duarte, Venício Artur de Lima e the noteworthy Milton Santos, among many others that contribute to the interfaces that are here on stage.

Submitted by JOSIANE SANTOS DE OLIVEIRA (josianeso) on 2018-07-11T13:26:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Elke Daniela Rocha Nunes_.pdf: 12129733 bytes, checksum: 00688108000f6f5f500136e3a87055df (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-11T13:26:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Elke Daniela Rocha Nunes_.pdf: 12129733 bytes, checksum: 00688108000f6f5f500136e3a87055df (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-05-28 / Nenhuma / O presente trabalho trata do primeiro, maior e mais duradouro empreendimento produtivo da história do Amapá. Ou seja, a mineração de manganês de Serra do Navio, operada pela Indústria e Comércio de Minérios S/A (ICOMI). O objetivo que engendrou a pesquisa foi analisar como a ICOMI formou em pouco tempo um modelo de trabalhador, como criou e aplicou um conjunto de normas que impunham o modelo ideal de comportamento e como esse modelo colaborou para a representação social deste trabalhador que permeou e ainda permeia a memória dos envolvidos no projeto ICOMI. Para tanto, foi necessário contextualizar o processo de produção mineral na Amazônia para poder compreender como foram criadas representações de um trabalhador ideal através dos meios de comunicação da empresa. Também se analisou os vínculos existentes entre a organização da vida social, através das vilas e do seu complexo social e as formas de poder disciplinar no curso da exploração do manganês no Amapá para entender como todos esses mecanismos excederam os limites do mundo do trabalho extrapolando para além das condutas e memórias individuais e se constituindo representações sociais que passaram a integrar e constituir a memória não apenas de ex-funcionários e familiares mas do povo amapaense. O recorte espacial apontado é o raio de ação dessa mineradora dentro do Amapá, mais enfaticamente a Estrada de Ferro, o Porto de Santana, que servia de base logística para o escoamento do minério, e as vias que davam acesso às minas, bem como a Vila Operária da ICOMI, Vila Serra do Navio e a Vila Amazonas. O ano de 1960 é escolhido como recorte cronológico para início da pesquisa, posto que é nesse ano que as vilas operárias são concluídas, consequentemente o ano em que os trabalhadores começam a se alojar nas casas, e as vilas tornam-se, assim, mais um aparato na vida prática de cada indivíduo, bem como é nesse ano que praticamente toda a infraestrutura da mineradora foi concluída. A pesquisa se prolongará até 1973 por ser o ano de maior índice de reelaboração das Normas de Procedimento. Para tanto, fez-se necessária uma breve análise sobre a teoria do poder disciplinar de Michel Foucault. / The present work deals with the first, largest and most enduring productive enterprise in the history of Amapá. That is, the manganese mining of Serra do Navio, operated by Indústria e Comércio de Minérios S / A (ICOMI). The objective of the research was to analyze how ICOMI soon formed a model of worker, how he created and applied a set of norms that imposed the ideal model of behavior and how this model collaborated for the social representation of this worker who permeated and still permeates the memory of those involved in the ICOMI project. In order to do so, it was necessary to contextualize the process of mineral production in the Amazon in order to understand how representations of an ideal worker were created through the company's media. The linkages between the organization of social life through the villages and their social complex and the forms of disciplinary power in the course of manganese exploitation in Amapá were also analyzed to understand how all these mechanisms exceeded the limits of the world of work by extrapolating to besides the conducts and individual memories and forming social representations that began to integrate and constitute the memory not only of former employees and family but of the amapaense people. The spatial cut is the radius of action of this mining company within Amapá, more emphatically the Estrada de Ferro, the Port of Santana, which served as a logistical basis for the disposal of the ore, and the roads that gave access to the mines, as well as the Vila Operária of ICOMI, Vila Serra do Navio and Vila Amazonas. The year 1960 is chosen as a chronological cut for the beginning of the research, since it is in that year that the working-class villages are completed, consequently the year in which the workers begin to lodge in the houses, and the villages become, thus, more an apparatus in the practical life of each individual, as well as in that year that practically all the infrastructure of the mining company has been completed. The research will continue until 1973 because it is the year of greatest index for the elaboration of the Rules of Procedure. To do so, a brief analysis of Michel Foucault's theory of disciplinary power was necessary.