Orientador: Antonio Carlos de Laurentiz / Co-orientador: Rosangela da Silva de Laurentiz / Banca: Rosemeire da Silva Filardi / Banca: Elenice Maria Casartelli / Resumo: Dois experimentos foram conduzidos no Setor de Avicultura da Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (Unesp), Faculdade de Engenharia do Campus de Ilha Solteira, sendo ambos na fase inicial (1 a 21 dias de idade) com o objetivo de avaliar o uso das sementes secas da pimenta Piper cubeba como substituto total ou parcial aos antibióticos melhoradores de desempenho e seus efeitos no desempenho, perfil bioquímico sérico, biometria do trato digestório e digestibilidade dos nutrientes. Em cada experimento 240 pintos de corte machos, com um dia de idade da linhagem Cobb foram distribuídos em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com cinco tratamentos e quatro repetições de 12 aves por parcela experimental. No experimento I avaliou-se a inclusão da Piper Cubeba em dietas de alta digestibilidade a base de milho e farelo de soja. O desempenho e os parâmetros bioquímicos não foram afetados pelo uso da pimenta, porém houve redução do peso relativo do pâncreas e aumento da digestibilidade do extrato etéreo. No experimento II as dietas foram de baixa digestibilidade a base de milho, farelo de soja e farinha de carne. O uso da pimenta melhorou a digestibilidade do extrato etéreo e não afetou o desempenho e a biometria. Sementes de Piper cubeba não afetam o desempenho e melhoram a digestibilidade do extrato etéreo em dietas de alta e baixa digestibilidade / Abstract: Two experiments were conducted in the Poultry Section of the Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), School of Engineering Campus Ilha Solteira, both in the initial phase (1-21 days old) with the objective of evaluate the use of dried seeds of the Piper cubeba pepper as total or partial replacement to performance enhancers antibiotics and their effects on performance, serum biochemical profile, biometrics of the digestive tract and nutrient digestibility. Were used a total of 240 male broilers chicks, one day old Cobb strain in each experiment, being distributed in a completely randomized design, with five treatments and four replicates of 12 birds per experimental plot. The variables were subjected to analysis of variance and in case of statistical significance, the averages are compared by SNK test at 5% probability Experiment I evaluated the inclusion of Piper Cubeba in diets of high digestibility of the base corn and soybean meal. The performance and biochemical parameters were not affected by the use of pepper, but there was a reduction in the relative weight of the pancreas and increased ether extract digestibility. In the second experiment the diets were low digestibility based on corn, soybean meal and meat meal. The use of pepper has improved the digestibility of ether extract and did not affect performance and biometrics. Seeds of Piper cubeba not affect the performance and improve the digestibility of ether extract in diets of high and low digestibility / Mestre

Orientador: Gustavo Rezende Siqueira / Coorientador: Ricardo Andrade Reis / Banca: Izabelle Auxiliadora Molina de Almeida Teixeira / Banca: Wignez Henrique / Banca: Odilon Gomes Pereira / Banca: João Luiz Pratti Daniel / Resumo: Objetivou-se determinar o tamanho médio de partícula ideal para a ensilagem da cana-de-açúcar e o uso na alimentação animal. Para isso, foram realizados dois experimentos. No experimento 1, silos experimentais foram utilizados para avaliar o perfil fermentativo (0, 3, 7, 14, 28 e 56 dias de armazenamento) das silagens com quatro diferentes tamanhos de partículas, que compuseram os seguintes tratamentos: T5: silagem de cana-de-açúcar picada a 5 mm; T10: silagem de cana-de-açúcar picada a 10 mm; T15: silagem de cana-de-açúcar picada a 15 mm e T20: silagem de cana-de-açúcar picada a 20 mm. Nas silagens com 56 dias de armazenamento foram determinadas as perdas de matéria seca e realizadas análises químicas, além da estabilidade aeróbia, por 12 dias. Com 4, 8 e 12 dias de exposição aeróbia, o crescimento da população de leveduras e os valores de pH foram determinados. Esse experimento foi realizado por dois anos consecutivos, sendo as mesmas variáveis analisadas. No segundo experimento, avaliaram-se silagens de cana-de-açúcar com os mesmo tamanhos de partículas, armazenadas em silos tipo superfície, e utilizadas em dietas para bovinos de corte em confinamento. Nas avaliações de desempenho produtivo, consumo dos nutrientes, comportamento ingestivo e índice de seleção foram utilizados 40 bovinos da raça Nelore, com 20 meses de idade e peso corporal inicial de 395 ± 23 kg, confinados por 99 dias. Para o estudo de parâmetros ruminais e taxa de passagem da fibra, foram utilizados 8 bovinos da raça Nelore, com 24 meses de idade e 470 ± 34 kg, com cânula ruminal. As dietas com diferentes tamanhos de partículas das silagens afetaram o consumo dos nutrientes, exceto para a fibra em detergente neutro, além dos tempos desprendidos com ruminação e mastigação pelos animais, promovendo consumos preferenciais das frações das dietas, mas não afetou o ganho de peso diário dos animais, com ganho médio de ... / Abstract: This study aimed to determine the ideal average particle size for sugarcane silage and its use in animal feed. For this, two experiments were conducted. In experiment 1, experimental silos were used to evaluate the fermentative profile (0, 3, 7, 14, 28 and 56 days) of the silage with four different particle sizes, composing the following treatments: T5: sugarcane silage chopped to 5 mm; T10: sugarcane silage chopped to 10 mm; T15: sugarcane silage chopped to 15 mm and T20: sugarcane silage chopped to 20 mm. In the silages with 56 days of storage, were determined the dry matter losses and evaluated chemical composition and aerobic stability for 12 days. The yeast population and pH values were determined in 4, 8 and 12 days of air exposure. This experiment was carried out for two consecutive years, with the same variables. In the second experiment, sugarcane silages with the same particle size were stored in silos type surface, and used in diets for beef cattle feedlot. For evaluation of productive performance, nutrients intake, feeding behavior and selection index, were used 40 Nellore young bulls with 20 months of age and 395 ± 23 kg of initial body weight, confined for 99 days. For the study of ruminal fermentation and passage rate of the fiber, were used 8 Nellore young bulls with 24 months of age and 470 ± 34 kg of body weight, with ruminal cannula. The diets with different particle sizes of silages affected the nutrients intake, except for the neutral detergent fiber (NDF), besides the rumination and chewing times by animals, promoting preferential intake of diets fractions, but there was not effect for average daily gain, with an average gain of 1.49 kg.dia-1. Different particle sizes influence to fermentation characteristics and chemical composition of sugarcane silage, but this factor is not the only defining the silage quality. Higher particles size induces the diet selection by animals, with preferential intake of smaller ... / Doutor

This study was conducted in the old arable land located in Lushington communal area in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa. The objectives of the study were to assess the effect of legume introduction on biomass yield, forage and soil mineral levels of the arable lands planted to four leguminous pastures in four seasons. Planting was done in March and October 2008 in Lushington. All legumes were subjected to grow under rain fed conditions. Trifolium vesiculosum (arrowleaf clover), Lespedeza cuneata (sericea lespedeza), Trifolium repens (white clover) and Lotus corniculatus (birdsfoot trefoil) are the four forage legume species that were sampled for the purposes of this study. The four legume species persisted out of the fourteen species that were initially tested for adaptability and persistence in the environmental conditions of Lushington communal area. The legumes, grasses and soils from these legume plots were sampled to determine the effect of legume introduction on the forage yield, mineral contents of the companion grasses and soils over four seasons. Plant and soil samples were collected once in spring (November) 2013, summer (February), autumn (March) and winter (May) 2014 for biomass production, macro and micronutrients determination. Results indicated that legume inclusion and season affected (P < 0.05) the total dry matter (TDM) yield production. Plots with Lespedeza cuneata had the highest TDM (1843 kg/ha) and control plots had the least dry matter production (1091 kg/ha). Summer season provided the highest (P < 0.05) TDM compared to the other seasons. Both legume and grass quality was also affected (P < 0.05) by legume inclusion in different seasons. Accordingly, grasses harvested from Trifolium repens plot showed higher CP level (10.90 percent) than those harvested from other plots whereas the lowest grass CP content (6.90 percent) was measured in the control treatment. L. cuneate had the highest (P < 0.05) CP level (11.00 percent) and T. repens had the least CP (6.63 percent) level. Grasses harvested in autumn had the highest (P < 0.05) CP level (12.50 percent) and those harvested in winter had the least CP level (4.60 percent). Similarly, all legume pastures harvested in spring had superior (P < 0.05) CP (10.80 percent) levels and those harvested in winter had the least CP (3.50 percent) level. Legume inclusion had an effect (P < 0.05) on both grass and legume macro nutrient contents. Trifolium repens plot had the highest grass K (1.07 percent), Ca (1.50 percent) and Mg (1.83 percent), whereas there were lower K (0.12 percent), Ca (1.25 percent) and Mg (1.08 percent) contents in grasses harvested from the control and T. vesiculosum plots, respectively. In legumes, macro nutrient concentrations: K (0.68 percent), Ca (1.75 percent) were superior in the T. vesiculosum plot in comparison to other plots. Season also affected (P < 0.05) both grass and legume macro nutrient content. There was higher K (0.90 percent), Ca (1.30 percent) and Mg (0.94 percent) content in grasses harvested in autumn whereas there were lower levels in winter harvests. In legumes, superior K (0.74 percent) and Mg (1.87 percent) content were attained during spring while the least were measured in winter (0.07 percent) and autumn (0.75 percent), respectively. Likewise, both legume inclusion and season had an significant effect (P < 0.05) on the forages micronutrient levels. During spring, there was superior soil P content (36.28 mg/kg) while during autumn; there was less P (22.58 mg/kg) content. The highest SOC level (1.49 percent) was measured in the T. repens plot whereas the lowest SOC (1.15 percent) was attained in the control plot. The results of this study showed that grass legume mixtures produced forages with high nutrient content and herbage yield. Legume planting in the old arable lands has a potential to improve soil quality parameters such as soil P and SOC content.

Submitted by Reginaldo Soares de Freitas (reginaldo.freitas@ufv.br) on 2017-10-25T12:49:30Z No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 607849 bytes, checksum: 8fcbae0fc9246bf1307217869595d65f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-25T12:49:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 607849 bytes, checksum: 8fcbae0fc9246bf1307217869595d65f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-07-21 / Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da suplementação de monensina (MON), probióticos ou óleos essenciais sobre o desempenho e índice de escore fecal (IEF) dos bezerros leiteiros de 6-60 d de idade e seu efeito residual 15 dias após o desmame. Cinqüenta bezerros da raça Holandesa foram alimentados com 5 L de leite cru por dia mais concentrado inicial até o desmame. Os tratamentos foram: Controle (CON), adição de MON (30 mg / kg de concentrado), probiótico E. faecium (PROB, 70 mg / kg de concentrado, CFU / kg 7,0E + 09, Cylactin®), óleos essenciais (OE, 300 mg / kg de concentrado, CRINA® Ruminants), ou adição de PROB + OE (EOPROB). O consumo do alimento e o escore fecal (pontuado de 1 a 4) foram medidos diariamente e os animais foram pesados a cada 15 dias. Foi realizada a extração de DNA das fezes, para identificar por meio da PCR a presença ou ausência de microorganismos (E. coli, Hafnia, Shiguella, Lactobacillus spp, Enterococcus spp e Enterococcus faecium NCIMB 10415). Dois ensaios de digestibilidade de 72 h foram realizados nos dias 20-28 (período 1) e 50-56 (período 2), por coleta fecal total. O experimento foi definido em blocos inteiramente casualizados com dez repetições por tratamento e data de entrada usada como bloco. A ANOVA foi realizada para testar os efeitos do tratamento em P < 0,10, as medias foram comparadas pelo teste t de Student e os resultados da PCR foram analisados pelo teste de Wald. O consumo de matéria seca (CMS) antes do desmame foi maior (P < 0,05) para OE (903,03 g / d) em comparação com MON (794,34 g / d) e EOPROB (783,12 g / d). Animais OE e MON diminuíram (P < 0,012) o IEF durante o aleitamento. O ganho médio diário (GMD) e a eficiência alimentar (EA) não diferiu (P > 0,10) entre os tratamentos antes do desmame. A altura à cernelha (AC) e altura à garupa (AG) não foi diferente entre os tratamentos (P > 0,10) antes nem depois do desaleitamento. Após o desmame, o CMS e IEF não diferiu entre os tratamentos (P > 0,10). OE apresentou maior GMD (917,50 g / d) (P < 0,05) em comparação com CON (615,80 g / d) e PROB (592,60 g / d). A EA melhorou (P < 0,05) com OE (0,72 g / g) sobre o CON (0,36 g / g), MON (0,49 g / g) e PROB (0,36 g / g). Os resultados de PCR mostraram ausência do E. faecium NCIMB 10415 em animais PROB e COM. Durante os ensaios de digestibilidade, houve maior consumo (P < 0,001) de nutrientes nos dias 50-56 em comparação com os dias 20-28. Animais PROB apresentaram maiores (P < 0,05) consumo de MS (1184,56 g / d), proteína bruta (PC) (254,63 g / d) e fibra detergente neutra (FDN) (320,36 g / d) comparado com EOPROB. A ingestão de carboidratos no fibrosos (CNF) foi maior (P < 0,05) no tratamento OE (384,31 g / d) comparado com CON (323,63 g / d), MON (323,84 g / d) e EOPROB (301,30 g / d). A ingestão de extrato etéreo (EE) e matéria orgânica (MO) não foi afetada (P > 0,10) pelos tratamentos. A digestibilidade da FDN foi maior (P < 0,012) em animais alimentados com MON (924 g / d). Em conclusão, OE pode ser adicionado à ração de bezerros leiteiros para melhorar o escore fecal, aumenta o CMS e melhora a digestibilidade dos nutrientes. O IEF no pré-desmame diminuiu com MON e aumentou com PROB / We aimed to evaluate the effect of supplementation with monensin (MON), probiotics or essential oils on performance and fecal consistency index (FCI) of suckling dairy calves from 6-60 d of age, and its residual effect 15 d after weaning. Fifty Holstein calves were fed 5 L of raw milk per day plus starter concentrate until weaning. The treatments were: Control (CON), adition of MON (30 mg/kg of starter), probiotic E. faecium (PROB, 70 mg/kg of starter, CFU/kg 7,0E+09, Cylactin ® ), essential oils (EO, 300 mg/kg of starter, CRINA ® Ruminants), or addition of PROB +EO (EOPROB). DMI and fecal score (scored from 1 to 4) were daily measured, and animals were weighed every 15 d. DNA extraction from feces was performed, to identifying by PCR the presence or absence of microorganisms ( E. coli, Hafnia, Shiguella, Lactobacillus spp, Enterococcus spp, and Enterococcus faecium NCIMB 10415) in the feces. Two 72 h digestibility trials were performed at days 20-28 (period 1) and 50-56 (period 2), by total fecal collection. The experiment was designed in completely randomized block with ten replications per treatment, and date of entrance used as block. ANOVA was performed to test treatment effects at P < 0.10, means were compared by Student's t-test, and PCR results were analyzed by Wald test. The dry matter intake (DMI) before weaning was greater (P < 0.05) for EO (903.03 g / d) compared to MON (794.34 g / d) and EOPROB (783.12 g / d). EO and MON decreased (P < 0.012) FCI during pré-weaning. Average daily gain (ADG) and feed efficiency (FE) did not differ among treatments (P > 0.10) before weaning. The withers height (WH) and croup height (CH) was no different among treatments after or before weaning. After weaning the DMI and FCI did not differ among treatments (P > 0.10). EO had greater (P < 0.05) ADG (917.50 g / d) compared to CON (615.80 g/d) and PROB (592.60 g / d). The FE improved (P < 0.05) with EO (0.72 g / g) over CON (0.36 g / g), MON (0.49 g / g) and PROB (0.36 g / g). The PCR results showed absence of E. faecium NCIMB 10415 in animals fed PROB and CON. During the digestibility trials, greater intakes (P < 0.001) of nutrients were observed at days 50-56 compared to 20-28 days. Animals fed PROB had greater (P < 0.05) intakes of DM (1184.56 g / d), crude protein (CP) (254.63 g /d) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) (320.36 g / d) than animals fed EOPROB . Intake of Non-fibrous carbohydrates (NFC) were greater (P < 0.05) in EO (384.31 g / d) compared to CON (323.63 g / d), MON (323.84 g / d) and EOPROB (301.30 g / d). The ether extract (EE) and organic matter (OM) intake was not affected (P > 0.10) by treatments. NDF digestibility was greater (P < 0.012) in animals fed MON (924 g / d). In conclusion, EO can be added to the dairy calf ration to improve fecal score, increases DMI and improves nutrient digestibility. The pre-weaning FCI decreased with MON and increased with PROB

A dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) method has been developed, optimized and validated for the extraction of seven beta-agonists (Cimaterol, Cimbuterol, Clenproperol, Clenbuterol, Ractopamine, Isoxsuprine and Ritodrine) from bovine muscle. The homogenized tissue samples were hydrolyzed enzymaticaly by beta-glucuronidase and extracted with DLLME. The extraction parameters (pH, extraction solvent, extraction solvent volume, disperser solvent) were accurately optimized. Separation of the beta-agonists was by gradient elution on C18 LC column using acetonitrile and formic acid aqueous solutions as mobile phases, multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) scan mode was used. The seven beta-agonists were then simultaneous determined and identified in single analysis using 4000 Qtrap LC-MS/MS system. The DLLME method was validated using ISO 17025 and the EU criteria (Commission Decision 2002/657/EC) for validation of analytical method, good precision, repeatability and spiked recoveries were obtained. The limits of detection and quantification for the residues were between 0.0728 – 0.0922 μg/kg and 0.243 – 0.307 μg/kg respectively for beta-agonists. The overall recoveries were between 85% and 100% with the relative standard deviation of (RSDs) between 3.0% and 10%. The recoveries from the developed DLLME method were compared with those obtained from dSPE. DLLME proved to be comparable to SPE. The real samples test showed that the DLLME method developed is accurate and sensitive for the determination of beta-agonist residues in bovine muscle. / Chemistry / M. Sc. (Analytical Chemistry)

Submitted by Marcos Anselmo (marcos.anselmo@unipampa.edu.br) on 2017-06-21T16:48:14Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) GABRIELA CERATTI HOCH.pdf: 915336 bytes, checksum: 3c2aa4e4b3c8aaead53dceccb9297769 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marcos Anselmo (marcos.anselmo@unipampa.edu.br) on 2017-06-21T16:48:31Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) GABRIELA CERATTI HOCH.pdf: 915336 bytes, checksum: 3c2aa4e4b3c8aaead53dceccb9297769 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-21T16:48:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) GABRIELA CERATTI HOCH.pdf: 915336 bytes, checksum: 3c2aa4e4b3c8aaead53dceccb9297769 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-04-01 / Os custos com alimentação são representativos nos sistemas de produção pecuários, e essa representatividade tende a aumentar com a maior demanda de alimentos para alimentação humana. Nesse contexto, a utilização de alimentos alternativos, que não tenham valor alimentício humano, especialmente para ruminantes seguramente será uma alternativa para viabilização dos sistemas de produção pecuária. Inúmeros são os subprodutos agroindustriais que poderiam ser utilizados na alimentação animal, porém, essa prática esbarra na falta de informações sobre sua composição e nas dificuldades de seu armazenamento. Desta forma, objetivou-se com este trabalho estudar a conservação da raiz e caule da mandioca e do bagaço de azeitona na forma de silagens, contemplando a qualidade fermentativa e a caracterização nutricional microbiológica das silagens obtidas. Para as avaliações foram conduzidos três ensaios, um para cada material estudado, adotando-se a ensilagem em silos experimentais dos alimentos alternativos isolados, ou acrescidos de aditivos alimentares. Os alimentos alternativos e as misturas foram estudados no momento da ensilagem, por ocasião da abertura dos silos e após sua exposição aeróbica. A raíz e o caule de mandioca podem ser armazenados e conservados em propriedades rurais na forma de silagem com ou sem o uso de farelos. O uso destes aditivos alimentares melhorou o valor nutricional das silagens, especialmente no caso do caule de mandioca, cujo valor nutricional é menor. A decisão pelo seu uso e a escolha do aditivo fica condicionado à disponibilidade na propriedade ou custos de aquisição. O bagaço de azeitona in natura ou adicionado de farelos pode ser conservado na forma de silagem para utilização em dietas de ruminantes, pois apresentam aspectos bromatológicos interessantes. / Due to the high cost that feeding represents within production systems, researchers connected to animal production have been looking for alternative feeds to include in diets in order to reduce production costs. Among these feed, we highlight the co-products of food processing, which can be generated in industries, such as olive pomace, or in the farm itself, such as the cassava stem, as well as roots, which are classified as an alternative feed. Olive bagasse is a byproduct of agroindustrial processing, produced from the extraction of oil from the fruit of the olive trees, while cassava is cultivated in practically all rural properties and its stem is obtained after a harvest of the roots, for industrial use or in human food. The co-products are discarded after being obtained, and are treated with olive pomace, and has potential of environmental contamination when not discarded correctly. However, despite the possibility of using these co-products in animal feed, there's still scarce information on their nutritional and microbiological characteristics, as well as the possibilities of conservation on the production period, for continuous use over the year. Three trials were conducted, one for each material studied. The objective of this study was the conservation of olive pomace, stem and cassava root, in silage form, and its microbiological, nutritional and fermentative quality characterization. The root and the cassava stem can be stored and preserved in farms, under silage form, with or without the use of brans. The use of these feeding additives improved the nutritional value of the silages, especially in the case of cassava stalk, whose nutritional value is lower. The decision for its use and the choice of additive must agree with the availability at the property or acquisition costs. Olive bagasse in natura or added of bran can be conserved in the form of silage for use in ruminant diets, for its interesting bromatological aspects. Whereas the silage added to the soybean meal provided greater resistance to stability break when compared as others.

Dietas exclusivas com ração tornam elevado o custo da criação de coelhos. O coelho tem capacidade de aproveitar a fibra mais eficientemente que outros monogástricos devido a cecotrofia. O uso de forrageira conservada como complemento alimentar pode ser uma alternativa na criação, porém faltam estudos no tema. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o uso de silagem de girassol ou silagem de milho na alimentação de coelhos cruzados em crescimento. O experimento foi realizado no Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciênica e Tecnologia do Rio Grande do Sul – Campus Ibirubá. Os coelhos foram desmamados em média aos 31 dias e abatido aos 100 dias de idade. Os tratamentos foram: dieta basal, dieta basal e silagem de girassol e dieta basal e silagem de milho. Houve diferença no consumo diário de ração, tratamento dieta basal e silagem de milho consumiu 20 % menos ração que o dieta basal. O consumo de silagem diário foi diferente entre os tipos de silagem fornecidas. O consumo de água não foi afetado pelos tratamentos com silagem. O ganho médio diário não diferiu entre os tratamentos, foi de 33 g, 38 g e 34 g, respectivos dieta basal, dieta basal e silagem de girassol e dieta basal e silagem de milho. Ocorreu redução no custo da alimentação utilizando silagem na dieta de coelhos. A adição de silagem na dieta não alterou as características de carcaça Os coeficientes de digestibilidade da matéria seca e energia bruta obtidos com dieta basal e silagem de girassol e dieta basal e silagem de milho foram menores que aqueles determinados utilizando apenas a dieta basal. Não houve diferença para os coeficientes de digestibilidade das cinzas, proteína bruta e fibra em detergente neutro. O coeficiente da digestibilidade da fibra em detergente ácido variou entre os tratamentos. Não houve diferença significativa para as variáveis comportamentais analisadas: ócio, cecotrofia, ingestão de água, saltando e autolimpeza. Houve diferença significativa na ingestão de ração, ingestão de silagem, tempo total de alimentação e outros comportamentos. Não houve diferença significativa para as variáveis sanguíneas glicose, colesterol e triglicerídeos. Os níveis sanguíneos de vitamina C e E foram superiores nos tratamentos dieta basal e silagem de girassol e dieta basal e silagem de milho. A análise da mucosa intestinal demonstrou que a alimentação adicionada de silagem não alteraram a largura e a altura dos vilos intestinais. Os coelhos que foram alimentados com dieta basal mais silagem de milho apresentaram o melhor resultado de viabilidade econômica. / Exclusive diets with feed make the cost of raising rabbits high. The rabbit has the ability to utilize the fiber more efficiently than other monogastrics due to cecotrophy. The use of forage preserved as a food supplement may be an alternative in breeding, but there is a lack of studies on the subject. The objective of this work was to evaluate the use of sunflower silage or corn silage in the feeding of growing cross rabbits. The experiment was carried out at the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Rio Grande do Sul - Ibirubá Campus. Rabbits were weaned on average at 31 days and slaughtered at 100 days of age. The treatments were: basal diet, basal diet and sunflower silage and basal diet and corn silage. There was a difference in daily feed intake, basal diet and corn silage consumed 20% less feed than basal diet. Daily silage consumption was different among the types of silage provided. Water consumption was not affected by silage treatments. The average daily gain did not differ between treatments, it was 33 g, 38 g and 34 g, respectively basal diet, basal diet and sunflower silage and basal diet and corn silage. There was a reduction in feed cost using silage in the diet of rabbits. The addition of silage in the diet did not alter the carcass characteristics The dry matter and gross energy coefficient of digestibility obtained with the basal diet and sunflower silage or basal diet and corn silage were smaller than those determined using only the basal diet. There was no difference for the coefficient of digestibility of the ashes, crude protein and neutral detergente fiber. The acid detergent fiber coefficient of digestibility varied between treatments. There was no significant difference for the behavioral variables analyzed: idleness, cecotrophy, water intake, jumping and self-cleaning. There was a significant difference in feed intake, silage intake, total feeding time and other behaviors. There was no significant difference for the blood variables glucose, cholesterol and triglycerides. Blood levels of vitamin C and E were higher in basal diet and sunflower silage and basal diet and corn silage. Analysis of the intestinal mucosa showed that the added feed of silage did not alter the width and height of the intestinal villi. Rabbits that were fed a basal diet plus corn silage presented the best economic viability result.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-10-06T13:03:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-02-06. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-10-06T13:19:06Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000849476.pdf: 367720 bytes, checksum: b1870abf45dc469d3350a851a09073d7 (MD5) / Dois experimentos foram conduzidos no Setor de Avicultura da Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (Unesp), Faculdade de Engenharia do Campus de Ilha Solteira, sendo ambos na fase inicial (1 a 21 dias de idade) com o objetivo de avaliar o uso das sementes secas da pimenta Piper cubeba como substituto total ou parcial aos antibióticos melhoradores de desempenho e seus efeitos no desempenho, perfil bioquímico sérico, biometria do trato digestório e digestibilidade dos nutrientes. Em cada experimento 240 pintos de corte machos, com um dia de idade da linhagem Cobb foram distribuídos em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com cinco tratamentos e quatro repetições de 12 aves por parcela experimental. No experimento I avaliou-se a inclusão da Piper Cubeba em dietas de alta digestibilidade a base de milho e farelo de soja. O desempenho e os parâmetros bioquímicos não foram afetados pelo uso da pimenta, porém houve redução do peso relativo do pâncreas e aumento da digestibilidade do extrato etéreo. No experimento II as dietas foram de baixa digestibilidade a base de milho, farelo de soja e farinha de carne. O uso da pimenta melhorou a digestibilidade do extrato etéreo e não afetou o desempenho e a biometria. Sementes de Piper cubeba não afetam o desempenho e melhoram a digestibilidade do extrato etéreo em dietas de alta e baixa digestibilidade / Two experiments were conducted in the Poultry Section of the Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), School of Engineering Campus Ilha Solteira, both in the initial phase (1-21 days old) with the objective of evaluate the use of dried seeds of the Piper cubeba pepper as total or partial replacement to performance enhancers antibiotics and their effects on performance, serum biochemical profile, biometrics of the digestive tract and nutrient digestibility. Were used a total of 240 male broilers chicks, one day old Cobb strain in each experiment, being distributed in a completely randomized design, with five treatments and four replicates of 12 birds per experimental plot. The variables were subjected to analysis of variance and in case of statistical significance, the averages are compared by SNK test at 5% probability Experiment I evaluated the inclusion of Piper Cubeba in diets of high digestibility of the base corn and soybean meal. The performance and biochemical parameters were not affected by the use of pepper, but there was a reduction in the relative weight of the pancreas and increased ether extract digestibility. In the second experiment the diets were low digestibility based on corn, soybean meal and meat meal. The use of pepper has improved the digestibility of ether extract and did not affect performance and biometrics. Seeds of Piper cubeba not affect the performance and improve the digestibility of ether extract in diets of high and low digestibility

Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-10T14:22:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-07-17. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-12-10T14:28:20Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000852794.pdf: 1975451 bytes, checksum: fa22ed309934a5b0792407a55f1cdb62 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da administração de maltodextrina em dose única sobre as respostas fisiológicas e metabólicas de cavalos submetidos a testes padrão de exercício progressivo (TPEP) e a sessões sequenciais de exercício de alta intensidade e rápida aceleração (Teste de Exercícios Sequenciais - TES) em esteira ergométrica. Para tanto, o estudo foi dividido em 2 etapas: o Estudo 1 foi realizado visando determinar o efeito da maltodextrina administrada por via oral em dose única em resposta a três quantidades (0,2g/kg; 0,4g/kg; 0,6g/kg) sobre as curvas glicêmica e insulinêmica de equinos em repouso, com o objetivo de determinar a dose de maltodextrina que apresentasse maior persistência das concentrações sanguíneas de glicose associada com menor estímulo insulinêmico, e o Estudo 2 que avaliou o efeito da maltodextrina em resposta a dois tipos de exercícios: TPEP e TES. Foram utilizados oito equinos da raça puro sangue Árabe, machos castrados, com idade de 2 a 8 anos divididos aleatoriamente em dois grupos de quatro animais que passaram por dois tratamentos, suplementados com maltodextrina (GM, n=8) e controle (GC, n=8). Animais submetidos ao GM receberam 0,4g/kg de maltodextrina enquanto os submetidos ao GC receberam carboximetilcelulose pela via oral 30min antes dos exercícios. O TPEP foi realizado em esteira com inclinação de 6% e consistiu em fases sequenciais de velocidades progressivas de 1,8 m/s por um período de 5min, seguindo a 4,0 m/s por 3min, 6,0 m/s por 2min, e fases subsequentes a 7,0; 8,0; 9,0 e 10,0m/s por 1min em cada velocidade, ou até quando os cavalos não conseguiram manter o galope mesmo sendo estimulados. O TES seguiu o protocolo com um período de aquecimento ativo de velocidade de 1,7m/s por 1min (sem inclinação), trote a 3,5m/s por 5min (sem inclinação) e passo a 1,5m/s por 5min (6% de inclinação), ao término deste período, a velocidade... / The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of acute administration of maltodextrin on the physiological and metabolic responses of horses submitted to standard incremental exercise test (TPEP) and sequential sessions high intensity exercise and rapid acceleration (Sequential Test Exercises - TES ) on a treadmill. Therefore, the study was divided into two steps: Study 1 was carried out to determine the effect of maltodextrin orally administered acutely in response to three amounts (0.2 g / kg, 0.4 g / kg; 0.6g / kg) on glucose and insulin curves of horses at rest, allowing determine the amount of maltodextrin to present greater persistence of blood glucose concentrations associated with lower insulinemic stimulus, and the second study that evaluated the effect of maltodextrin in response to two types exercises: TPEP and TES. Eight were used adult horses of the Arab horses, gelding were randomly divided into two groups of four animals that underwent two treatments, supplemented with maltodextrin (GM n = 8) and control (CG n = 8). Animals was used to GM received 0.4 g / kg of maltodextrin while undergoing GC received carboxymethylcellulose orally 30 minutes before exercise. The TPEP was performed on a treadmill with incline of 6% and consisted of sequential stages of progressive speeds of 1.8 m / s for a period of 5 minutes, followed at 4.0 m / s for 3 minutes, 6.0 m / s per 2min, and subsequent phases 7,0, 8.0; 9.0 and 10,0m / s for 1 min at each speed, or even when the horses could not keep galloping even being stimulated. The TES followed the protocol with an active heating period of speed of 1.7 m / s for 1min (0% incline), trot to 3.5 m / s for 5 minutes (0% incline) and step-by-1.5m / s for 5 minutes (6% incline), at the end of this period, the speed of the treadmill was quickly increased to speed corresponding to 105% of HRmax maintained for 50s. After this period, called sprint, the speed was immediately reduced to ... / FAPESP: 2014/1549-9

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:33:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-12-20Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:07:35Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 barbosa_ts_dr_botfmvz_parcial.pdf: 95823 bytes, checksum: ef7162408ca85bbdd516092a3a3c92ed (MD5) Bitstreams deleted on 2015-06-25T13:00:44Z: barbosa_ts_dr_botfmvz_parcial.pdf,. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-06-25T13:03:11Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000712050_20160130.pdf: 81195 bytes, checksum: 36de1270b17805b18fe7d8e57bcda7c9 (MD5) Bitstreams deleted on 2016-02-01T10:15:50Z: 000712050_20160130.pdf,. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2016-02-01T10:16:42Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000712050.pdf: 327982 bytes, checksum: e05194df589c13e97fbd00ad050417b0 (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / O presente estudo pretendeu avaliar o efeito do exercício e da suplementação com vitamina E sobre estresse oxidativo. Determinaram-se o nível de lipoperoxidação, por meio da mensuração do malondialdeído (MDA) e da capacidade antioxidante total antes e após a suplementação com vitamina E e o nível de lesão de DNA dos leucócitos periféricos ocasionado pelo exercício de rápida aceleração e curta duração (TRA). Também verificou-se a influência do exercício de baixa intensidade e longa duração (TLD) e a da suplementação com vitamina E na atividade da enzima paraoxanase1 (PON1). Para tanto, foram utilizados 10 equinos sem treinamento prévio, sendo cinco Árabes e cinco Crioulos que realizaram primeiro o TRA1 e sete dias depois, o TLD1. Em seguida, durante 52 dias os equinos receberam vitamina E (dl-alfa-tocoferol) na dose de 1.000 UI/dia, por via oral e, posteriormente, realizaram o TRA2 e o TLD2 com sete dias de intervalo. O protocolo utilizado em TRA não foi intenso o suficiente e/ou o bom condicionamento dos animais favoreceram a ausência de lesão de DNA dos leucócitos e a proteção contra o estresse oxidativo. Entretanto a suplementação com a vitamina E foi benéfica para diminuir os níveis de malondialdeído produzidos durante a atividade física e aumentar a capacidade antioxidante total. Na prova TLD a atividade da PON1 sofreu influência do exercício e não foi beneficiada pela suplementação / The present study aimed to evaluate the biochemical and the molecular effects of exercise on oxidative stress and vitamin E supplementation. We determined the level of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant capacity before and after vitamin E supplementation and the level of DNA damage of peripheral leukocytes caused by the exercise of rapid acceleration and short duration (TRA). Also there was the influence of exercise of low intensity and long duration (TLD) and vitamin E supplementation on enzyme activity paraoxanase1 (PON1). Ten horses without previous training, five Arabian and five Crioulo, performed the first TRA and TLD1 seven days later. Horses received vitamin E (dl-alpha tocopherol) for 52 days in a dose of 1000 IU / day orally and then they performed TRA2 and TLD2 seven days after. The protocol used in TRA was not strong enough or physically fitness along the animal favored to not cause damage on leukocyte DNA and protect against oxidative stress, while vitamin E supplementation was beneficial to decrease levels of malondialdehyde produced during physical activity and increase antioxidant capacity. However in TLD the PON1 activity was influenced by exercise and was not benefited from supplementation