Introdução: A população mundial está envelhecendo, tornando a qualidade de vida do idoso uma demanda de estratégias imediatas sociais, políticas e econômicas. O processo de envelhecimento impõe modificações na composição corporal dos indivíduos, como o declínio gradual da massa e função muscular, definida por sarcopenia, que está associada a incapacidade, dependência e maior vulnerabilidade. A metodologia padrão de medida de índice de massa magra (IMM) é a densitometria (DEXA). Porém necessita de equipamento e treinamento de alta complexidade e custo. Objetivo: avaliar a acurácia das metodologias de mensuração de IMM no idoso, através de bioimpedância (BIA) e cálculos antropométricos comparadas a DEXA. Métodos: Idosos do sexo masculino de um serviço público terciário de geriatria foram submetidos a testes de força de preensão palmar, medidas antropométricas (peso, altura, circunferência de cintura e quadril, prega cutânea tricipital, resistência, reatância e massa apendicular), realização de bioimpedância e DEXA. Os dados obtidos foram aplicados em 3 equações validadas para predição de índice de massa muscular: dados antropométricos para equação de Baumgartner et al; dados da bioimpedância calculados segundo Janssen et al; Delmonico et al para dados de DEXA. Para a estratificação dos participantes em sarcopenicos e não sarcopenicos utilizamos as análises dos dados de IMM por DEXA e preensão palmar segundo seus limites de normalidade. Os dados foram submetidos a tabela de contingência 2x2 para sensibilidade, especificidade, valor preditivos e verossimilhança, ao teste de Bland Altman para análises de dispersão em relação a DEXA e os valores contínuos submetidos ao teste t student. Resultados: O perfil predominante dos 92 idosos que finalizaram todos os testes foi casado, 67% sedentários, 53% portadores de múltiplas morbidades em uso de polifarmácia, média de idade de 72,9±6,6 anos. Ambas metodologias BIA e antropometria mostraram correlação positiva com a DEXA(BIA: r =0,77 e p < 0,0001; antropometria:r=0,81 com p < 0,0001). Evidenciou-se prevalência de 28.2 % (n= 26) de sarcopenia entre os participantes. Os sarcopênicos apresentaram maior idade 76.6± 7,6 anos (p= 0.003), menor força de preensão palmar (24.1±4.7 kgf , p < 0.0001) e pior massa muscular apendicular 17.30 ±1.9 kfg (p=0.0001). A antropometria mostrou 35% (32 indivíduos) de prevalência de baixa massa livre de gordura, apresentando 86% de sensibilidade, Valor Preditivo Positivo (VPP) de 67% e razão de verossimilhança (RVP) de 4,5. Ao analisarmos os dados da BIA, encontramos 93% de sensibilidade, especificidade 70%, VPP de 37% e uma RVP de 3,2. Conclui-se que ambas BIA e antropometria apresentam alta acurácia para estimar IMM. Porém, a utilização de dados antropométricos mostrou ser quase tão sensível e mai específico do que a BIA quando comparados à DEXA. Acrescida a alta acurácia para inferir IMM, o cálculo antropométrico mostrou ser de fácil aplicação e baixo custo,confiável para diagnosticar a sarcopenia, avaliando além da massa magra, também a força muscular, fator determinante para funcionalidadee qualidade de vida do indivíduo idoso vulnerável. Estes resultados sugerem que a antrompometria é o método de escolha para triagem de grandes populações dando suporte às intervenções políticas, socio-econômicas em termos de saude publica e privada, e para acompanhamento de sarcopenia do individuo idoso, exequível em qualquer pais independente do seu nível sócio econômico / Introduction: The world\'s population is aging, making the elderly\'s quality of life a demand for immediate social, political and economic strategies. The aging process imposes changes in the body composition of individuals, such as the gradual decline of muscle mass and function, defined by sarcopenia, which is associated with incapacity, dependence and greater vulnerability. The standard methodology for measuring lean mass index (LMI) is densitometry (DXA). However, it requires expensive and high complexity equipment and personal training. Objective: to evaluate the accuracy of bioimpedance (BIA) and anthropometric calculations for measuring LMI in the elderly compared to DXA. Methods: Male seniors from a tertiary geriatrics public hospital were submitted to palmar grip strength tests, anthropometric measures (weight, height, waist and hip circumference, triceps skin fold, resistance, reactance and appendicular mass), BIA and DXA. The obtained data were applied in 3 validated equations for prediction of LMI: Baumgartner calculation for anthropometric data; Janssen calculation for bioimpedance data; Delmonico calculation for DXA data. Sarcopeny was defines as LMI by DXA and palmar grip according to their limits of normality. The data were submitted to a 2x2 contingency table for predictive sensitivity, specificity, likelihood values and predictive values; to the Bland Altman test for dispersion in relation to DXA and when continuous values to the student t test. Results: The predominant profile of the 92 elderly subjects who completed all the tests was married, 67% were sedentary, 53% had multiple comorbidities and polypharmacy, mean age was 72,9±6,6 years. Both BIA and anthropometry showed positive correlation with DXA (BIA: r = 0.77 and p < 0.0001; anthropometry: r = 0.81 , p < 0.0001). A prevalence of 28.2% (n = 26) of sarcopenia was observed among the participants. The sarcopenic individuals presented predominance of 76.6± 7,6 years of age (p = 0.10), lower palmar grip strength (24.1±4.7 kgf , p < 0.0001) and worse apendicular Muscle Mass 17.30 ±1.9 kfg (p=0.0001). Anthropometric calculations showed 35% prevalence of low fat free mass, presenting 86% sensitivity, 67% Positive Predictive Value (PPV) and 4,5 likelihood ratio (LR). BIA data presented 93% sensitivity, 70% specificity, 37% PPV, and a LR of 1.3. In conclusion both BIA and anthropometry present high accuracy to estimate LMI. However, anthropometric calculations showed more sensitivity, almost as specific as BIA when compared to DXA. In addition to high accuracy to infer LMI, the anthropometric calculation showed to be easily performed, applicable at low cost and reliable to diagnose sarcopenia. Besides the fat free mass, it also evaluates the muscular strength, a key point for functionability and quality of life of the elderly. These results suggest that anthropometry is the method of choice for screening for sarcopeny in the elderly and that it may support political, socioeconomic interventions in terms of public and private health, and for monitoring sarcopenia of the elderly individual, feasible in any country independent of its socioeconomic status

Submitted by SBI Biblioteca Digital (sbi.bibliotecadigital@puc-campinas.edu.br) on 2017-02-15T13:09:03Z No. of bitstreams: 1 FERNANDA SEYR POZZA.pdf: 3157840 bytes, checksum: 13e75c72246a5b3271c74c20cb5bf791 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-15T13:09:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FERNANDA SEYR POZZA.pdf: 3157840 bytes, checksum: 13e75c72246a5b3271c74c20cb5bf791 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-05 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Background: For any intervention in a population, we need to understand its characteristics and needs. Monitoring of health in childhood and adolescence can be done by the Body Mass Index (BMI). In anthropometry, this index is used due to its low cost, ease of obtaining and other factors. The School Health Program (PSE) is a federal proposal for the improvement of the population quality of life by integrating health and education areas, to address vulnerabilities that affect the development of students from public schools. Early health monitoring can alert to prevent the progression of excess weight in adulthood, as in Brazil the nutrition transition is occurring as already occurred in developed countries. Objective: To evaluate the nutritional status of children and adolescents accompanied by the School Health Program in Itatiba-SP, in 2014. Methods: Cross-sectional study about the prevalence of nutritional status, with 6.829 schoolchildren aged 0-15 years who participated in the PSE. We made comparisons between gender, age and location. We elaborated specific BMI curves for this sample, which were compared to the WHO BMI reference curves. Results: In the sample, 50.3% were female. In children younger than 5 years, the prevalence of overweight was 37.9%, between ? 5 to <10 years it was 33.9%, and ? 10 years was 34.0%. In females, there was a higher prevalence of overweight (18.2%), whereas in males, obesity and severe obesity were more prevalent, 10.7% and 3.7%, respectively, compared to girls (9.5% and 1.9%) (p<0.001). For older children, preteens and teenagers, we found that girls of 11, 13 and 14 years old had higher mean BMI compared to boys of the same age (p <0.05). Regarding location, it was found that the region with the highest income showed higher prevalence of excess of weight. Considering the WHO BMI reference curves, the cutoff point from underweight to eutrophic, was similar to the standard BMI curve of our sample. However, at cutoff points between normal weight and overweight, the curve showed a higher standard. Conclusion: From our results, we found that simple anthropometric data (weight and height of students), could contribute to the assessment of nutritional status of schoolchildren, as well as providing health monitoring, and assisting in making public health decisions, also serving as comparison to other scientific studies. / Introdu??o: Para qualquer interven??o a um grupo populacional necessita-se compreender suas caracter?sticas e necessidades. O acompanhamento do estado nutricional na inf?ncia e na adolesc?ncia pode ser feito pelo ?ndice de Massa Corporal (IMC). Este ?ndice ? utilizado pelo baixo custo, simplicidade de realiza??o e outros fatores. O Programa Sa?de na Escola (PSE) ? uma proposta federal para a melhoria da qualidade de vida da popula??o brasileira ao integrar a educa??o ? sa?de, para enfrentar as vulnerabilidades que comprometem o desenvolvimento dos escolares da rede p?blica de ensino. O acompanhamento da sa?de precocemente alerta para evitar a progress?o do desvio nutricional na vida adulta, uma vez que no Brasil ocorre a transi??o nutricional. Objetivo: Avaliar o estado nutricional de crian?as e adolescentes acompanhados pelo PSE em Itatiba-SP em 2014. M?todo: Estudo transversal sobre preval?ncia dos Estados Nutricionais, com 6.829 escolares de 0 a 15 anos pertencentes ao PSE. Foram feitas compara??es entre g?nero, idade e localiza??o. Curvas de IMC espec?ficas dessa amostra foram comparadas com as curvas de refer?ncia da Organiza??o Mundial da Sa?de. Resultados: Na amostra, 50,3% eram do g?nero feminino. Nas crian?as menores que 5 anos, a preval?ncia de excesso de peso foi de 37,9%, entre ? 5 e < 10 anos foi de 33,9% e nos ? 10 anos foi de 34,0%. No g?nero feminino houve maior preval?ncia de sobrepeso (18,2%), ao passo que, no g?nero masculino, a obesidade e a obesidade grave estiveram mais presentes, 10,7% e 3,7%, respectivamente, se comparados ?s meninas (9,5% e 1,9%) (p<0,001). Para as crian?as mais velhas, pr?-adolescentes e adolescentes, encontramos que as meninas de 11, 13 e 14 anos apresentaram m?dia de IMC mais elevada se comparadas aos meninos de mesma idade (p<0,05). Em rela??o ? localiza??o, verificou-se que a regi?o com maior rendimento apresentou maior preval?ncia de excesso de peso. Considerando as curvas de refer?ncia da OMS, no ponto de corte de magreza para eutrofia, a curva padr?o da amostra estudada foi semelhante. No entanto, no ponto de corte entre eutrofia e sobrepeso, a curva apresentou um padr?o mais elevado. Conclus?o: A partir dos resultados pode-se verificar que dados de relativa simplicidade para aferi??o (peso e altura de escolares) contribuem na constata??o do estado nutricional, proporcionam o monitoramento da sa?de e auxiliam no subs?dio para tomadas de decis?es em sa?de p?blica ? comunidade, bem como servem como base de compara??o aos demais estudos cient?ficos.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T13:10:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Carolina Barbosa Ribeiro.pdf: 1109798 bytes, checksum: 6de2cd2e3532771d51114ca0f62384f9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-10-16 / The Down Syndrome is genetic and metabolic disturb that can affect the nutrition physic state and for this reason are necessary intervation and the nutritivon assessment for these people can have a best quality of ife in their growth and development. The aim has to assess the antropometrical states from 19 students with Down Syndrome that are treated at Associação de Pais e Amigos dos Excepcionais de Araras. Also were assessed the nutrition state of 14 members of the team, that are directly involved to the sudents´ food. Its was collected the weigh, high, together waist, hips and the skin measure. In relation to students, 16 are overweight in relation to curve de Cronk, all the students had índices higher in relation to waist and hips in relation the OMS and 18 students had a higher fat percentage in relation to Guedes. However, 8 members had a normal weight in relation to OMS, 8 members had normal índices to waist and hips in relation to OMS, 4 members had the normal fat percentage in relation Loham. It was made a questionnaire elaborated and validated by Guadagnin to check the knowledge of the team in respect of the healthy nutrition and it was administered a speech and it was held another test. The domínion that had the biggest percentage of rsucess was the domínion 4, where the Knowledge was about salt.The domain had lower percentage of success was the domain 2, where issues were related to perceptions of healthy eating. Was prepared a primer on healthy food delivered to staff, with the main focus of the teacher, which shall carry out the activities contained in the booklet along with the nutritionist. Until the completion of the thesis were five activities for a month. After these activities can be seen that 14 students are still overweight. According to the statistics made significant reduction in weight and body mass index of students, though most still overweight. For future work ideally working with parents (families) as they are the key influencers in food, and most have no knowledge of what is healthy eating and what consequences that a poor diet can cause especially in patients Down Syndrome / A Síndrome de Down é um distúrbio genético e metabólico, que pode afetar o estado nutricional, por essa razão, são necessárias avaliações e intervenções nutricionais para que esses indivíduos possam ter uma melhora na qualidade de vida, no crescimento e desenvolvimento. O objetivo foi avaliar o estado antropométrico dos 19 alunos portadores de Síndrome de Down atendidos na Associação de Pais e Amigos dos Excepcionais de Araras, unidade Escola. Também foi avaliado o estado nutricional de 14 membros da equipe que estão envolvidos com a alimentação desses alunos. Foram coletados peso, altura, relação cintura quadril e pregas cutâneas. Em relação aos alunos, 16 estão acima do peso de acordo com a curva de Cronk, todos os alunos apresentaram índices altos de relação cintura quadril, de acordo com a classificação da Organização Mundial de Saúde e 18 alunos apresentaram uma alta porcentagem de gordura de acordo classificação do protocolo de Guedes. Em relação a equipe, 8 membros apresentaram eutrofia ( peso adequado) de acordo com os pontos de cortes da Organização Mundial de Saúde, 8 membros apresentam índices normais em relação cintura quadril, de acordo com a classificação da Organização Mundial de Saúde e 4 membros da equipe apresentaram porcentagem de gordura adequada de acordo classificação de Lohman. Foi aplicado um questionário elaborado e validado por Guadagnin, para verificar o conhecimento da equipe em relação à alimentação saudável, após foi ministrada uma palestra e aplicado novamente o mesmo teste. O domínio que obteve maior porcentual de acerto, foi o domínio 4, onde as questões eram referentes ao conhecimento sobre o sal. O domínio que obteve menor porcentagem de acerto foi o domínio 2, onde as questões estavam relacionadas a percepção de alimentação saudável. Foi elaborada uma cartilha sobre alimentação saudável entregue a equipe, tendo o foco principal o professor, onde deverá realizar as atividades contidas na cartilha, juntamente com a nutricionista. Até a finalização da tese foram realizadas cinco atividades durante um mês. Após essas atividades pode observar que 14 alunos continuam acima do peso. De acordo com a estatística realizada houve diminuição de peso, e índice de massa corporal dos alunos, entretanto a maioria continua acima do peso. Para um trabalho futuro o ideal seria trabalhar com os pais (família), pois são os principais influenciadores na alimentação, sendo que a maioria não tem conhecimento do que é a alimentação saudável, e quais as consequências que uma má alimentação pode ocasionar principalmente em portadores de Síndrome de Down

Objetivo: Identificar os determinantes da desnutrição infantil, na Comuna de Bom Jesus, em Angola. Métodos: Estudo transversal de base populacional com 742 crianças menores de 5 anos, Bom Jesus, Angola, 2010. Foi aplicado um inquérito por entrevista para coleta das variáveis independentes, seguido da aferição do peso e estatura. A classificação nutricional seguiu critérios da Organização Mundial da Saúde (2006). Para identificar os fatores associados aos déficits de peso/idade (P/I), estatura/idade (E/I) e peso/estatura (P/E), foram calculadas razões de prevalência mediante regressão de Poisson com variância robusta, utilizando-se modelos de determinantes hierarquizados. Resultados/Conclusões: Bairro de moradia, idade da criança e sexo associaram-se aos déficits nutricionais. No nível distal, observou-se maior chance entre crianças de domicílios sem energia elétrica, que viviam com o pai e cujo pai tinha outra família, respectivamente, aos déficits de P/I, P/E e E/I. No nível intermediário, maior chance foi observada entre crianças cujo domicílio era abastecido com água de rio ou lago e os déficits de P/I (RP:2,01; IC95%1,01-4,02) e E/I (RP:1,67; IC95%1,04-2,69), assim como entre déficit de P/E e crianças cuja ordem de nascimento era a partir do terceiro. Neste nível, observou-se menor chance do déficit de P/E entre crianças cuja idade da mãe era entre 25 e 34 anos e déficit de P/I e aquelas com um irmão menor de 5 anos. No nível proximal, maior chance foi observada em crianças que apresentaram vômito, 15 dias anteriores à pesquisa, e os déficits de P/I (RP:2,01; IC95%1,33-3,30) e E/I (RP:1,53; IC95%1,04-2,69). Maior chance foi observada entre o déficit linear e a manifestação de diarreia com muco e sangue, à véspera do inquérito. Esses resultados justificam a elaboração de intervenções voltadas à adequada assistência pré-natal e puericultura e melhoria do acesso à água de qualidade. / Objective: To identify the determinants of childhood malnutrition in the community of Bom Jesus in Angola. Methods: Population based cross-sectional study of 742 children under 5 in Bom Jesus, Angola, 2010. Data on the independent variables were collected using an interview, and height and weight were measured. Nutritional status was classified according to World Health Organization (2006) criteria. Poisson regression with robust variance was used to calculate prevalence ratios in order to identify factors associated with weight/age (W/A), height/age (H/A) and weight/height (W/H) deficiencies, using hierarchical models of the determinants. Results/Conclusions: Neighborhood of residence and age and sex of the child were associated with nutritional deficiencies. On the distal level, there was association between not being connected to an electricity grid, the presence of the father in the household and having another family being, respectively, to W/A. W/H and H/A deficiencies. At the intermediate level, there was association between household water supply from the river or lake and W/A (PR:2.01; 95%CI 1.01-4.02) and H/A (PR:1.67; 95%CI 1.04-2.69) deficiencies, as well as between W/H deficit and children whose birth order was 3rd or later. At this level there was an inverse association between W/H and mother being aged between 25 and 34 and W/A deficiency and having one sibling aged under 5. At the proximal level, was observed association between children who had presented vomiting within the 15 days preceding the research and W/A (PR:2.01; 95%CI 1.33-3.30) and H/A (PR:1.53; 95%CI 1.04-2.69) deficiencies. Association was observed between linear deficiency and diarrhea containing blood or mucus on the day before the survey. These results justify the creation of interventions directed at adequate pre-natal care and childcare, improving and increasing access to clean water and sanitation.

Abstract This national cross-sectional study aimed to measure the oral health status, and oral health related-quality of life (OHRQoL) among Nepalese schoolchildren. Another aim was to investigate the association of dental caries and its consequences with OHRQoL, sociodemographic factors, oral health-related behaviours, anthropometrics, and school attendance and performance. The study was conducted in 18 out of total 75 randomly selected districts of Nepal representing 5 developmental, and concurrently 3 simultaneously ecological regions. Altogether 1137 of the invited 1157 schoolchildren from 27 conveniently selected schools participated both in the survey and clinical examination. Information on sociodemographic factors and oral health-related behaviours was collected using a structured questionnaire. Validated Nepali Child-OIDP was used for assessing children’s OHRQoL. Clinical oral examinations were conducted as per the WHO guidelines and assessed dental caries, its consequences (pufa/PUFA) and periodontal status. BMI, waist-to-hip ratio, and waist-to-height ratio were computed from anthropometric measurements. School-related information included data on school absenteeism was collected from school registry and school performance (percentage of the sum of scores in three core subjects). Gingival bleeding was highly prevalent among all participants. The youngest ones had most often need for dental caries treatment; 79% vs. 64% among the oldest ones. Dental caries and its consequences were most prevalent among those living in the Kathmandu Valley or in the rural areas or in mountain or hilly ecological regions, as well as those consuming sweets or candy, or tea with sugar, and brushing teeth infrequently. Most of the participants had problem with eating, cleaning the mouth, and sleeping. Dental caries and its consequences were associated with poor OHRQoL. They were also associated with both high and low BMI and central obesity (high waist-to-hip and waist-to-height ratios) as well as high school absenteeism (>13% of total schooldays missed) and poor school performance. Both low and high BMI, and poor OHRQoL, as well as high school absenteeism were all inversely associated with school performance. In conclusion, dental caries and gingival bleeding are common among Nepalese schoolchildren. Dental caries and its consequences are associated with poor OHRQoL. These conditions are also associated with sociodemographic factors, poor oral health-related behaviours, and anthropometrics (BMI and central obesity) as well as high school absenteeism and poor school performance. / Tiivistelmä Tämän poikkileikkaustutkimuksen tavoitteena oli tutkia nepalilaisten koululaisten suunterveyttä ja siihen liittyvää elämänlaatua (OHRQoL). Toiseksi tavoitteena oli tutkia karieksen ja sen seurausten mm. oireet ja tulehdus, yhteyttä suunterveyteen liittyvään elämänlaatuun, sosiodemografisiin ja antropometrisiin tekijöihin, suunterveyskäyttäytymiseen, koulupoissaoloihin sekä -menestykseen. Tutkimus toteutettiin 18/75 satunnaisesti valitussa Nepalin piirikunnassa, jotka edustivat sekä viittä kehitysaluetta että kolmea ekologista aluetta. Mukaan kutsutuista 1157 koululaisesta (27 koulua, mukavuusotos), 1137 osallistui sekä kysely- että kliiniseen tutkimukseen. Sosiodemografiset taustatiedot sekä tiedot suunterveyskäyttäytymisestä kerättiin strukturoidulla kyselylomakkeella. Suunterveyteen liittyvää elämänlaatua arvioitiin käyttäen validoitua nepalin kielistä Child-OIDP –lomaketta. Kliinisessä tutkimuksessa tutkittiin kariestilanne, sen kliiniset seuraukset (pufa/PUFA) sekä kiinnityskudosten tila WHOn ohjeiden mukaan. BMI, vyötärön ja lantion ympärysmitan suhde sekä vyötärön ympärysmitan ja pituuden suhde laskettiin mittaustulosten perusteella. Kouluista saatiin tiedot poissaoloista viimeisen kouluvuoden aikana sekä koulumenestys kolmessa keskeisimmässä oppiaineessa viimeisimmässä todistuksessa. Lähes kaikilla todettiin ienverenvuotoa. Nuorimmassa ikäryhmässä oli muita useammin korjaavan karieshoidon tarvetta (79% vs. 64%). Kariesta sekä sen seurauksia esiintyi eniten niiden keskuudessa, jotka asuivat Kathmandun laaksossa tai vuoristossa. Karieksen esiintyvyys oli myös yhteydessä mm. sokerin, makeisten ja sokeriteen kulutukseen sekä epäsäännölliseen hampaiden harjaukseen. Karies seurauksineen oli yhteydessä huonoon suunterveyteen liittyvään elämänlaatuun (OHRQoL), erityisesti syömiseen, suun puhdistamiseen sekä nukkumiseen. Sillä oli myös yhteys sekä matalaan että korkeaan BMIhin, lisääntyneisiin koulupoissaoloihin sekä huonoon koulumenestykseen. Matala ja korkea BMI, huono suunterveyteen liittyvä elämänlaatu sekä poissaolot olivat käänteisesti yhteydessä koulumenestykseen. Karies ja ienverenvuoto ovat yleisiä nepalilaisten koululaisten keskuudessa. Karies seurauksineen on yhteydessä huonoon suunterveyteen liittyvään elämänlaatuun (OHRQoL), haitalliseen suunterveyskäyttäytymiseen, sosiodemografisiin ja antropometrisiin tekijöihin (BMI, keskivartalolihavuus) sekä lisääntyneisiin koulupoissaoloihin ja huonoon koulumenestykseen.

Typewritten Includes bibliographical references.

<p>Methods for assessment of body composition allow studies of the complex relationships between body composition and the wellbeing of humans. The amount and distribution of adipose tissue is of great importance in these studies. This thesis describes, proposes, and evaluates new methods for assessment of body composition (amount and distribution of adipose tissue) using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The thesis focuses on the use of MRI but includes results from computed tomography (CT) and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). The subject data used originates from cohorts recruited solely for the purpose of the included studies and from the “Prospective Investigation of Vasculature in Uppsala Seniors” (PIVUS) and the Sib-pair (within the framework of the Swedish Obese Subjects - SOS study) studies.</p><p>The included studies propose a new acquisition method for whole-body analysis of adipose tissue, a fully automated post processing algorithm for segmentation of visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue from abdominal MRI data, and anthropometrical measurements for practical estimations of body composition.</p><p>The proposed acquisition method for whole-body adipose tissue analysis simplified the analysis of adipose tissue and the results strongly correlated with the results from CT and DEXA analysis. The fully automated post processing algorithm gave reproducible results with relatively high accuracy. Transverse and sagittal abdominal diameters gave information about subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue, respectively, and an elliptical approximation was found useful in estimation of total amount of abdominal adipose tissue.</p><p>The methods proposed in this thesis were found useful for assessment of body composition. The methods were developed with clinical practice in mind and all proposed methods have been used in further studies for assessment of body composition.</p>

Methods for assessment of body composition allow studies of the complex relationships between body composition and the wellbeing of humans. The amount and distribution of adipose tissue is of great importance in these studies. This thesis describes, proposes, and evaluates new methods for assessment of body composition (amount and distribution of adipose tissue) using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The thesis focuses on the use of MRI but includes results from computed tomography (CT) and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). The subject data used originates from cohorts recruited solely for the purpose of the included studies and from the “Prospective Investigation of Vasculature in Uppsala Seniors” (PIVUS) and the Sib-pair (within the framework of the Swedish Obese Subjects - SOS study) studies. The included studies propose a new acquisition method for whole-body analysis of adipose tissue, a fully automated post processing algorithm for segmentation of visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue from abdominal MRI data, and anthropometrical measurements for practical estimations of body composition. The proposed acquisition method for whole-body adipose tissue analysis simplified the analysis of adipose tissue and the results strongly correlated with the results from CT and DEXA analysis. The fully automated post processing algorithm gave reproducible results with relatively high accuracy. Transverse and sagittal abdominal diameters gave information about subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue, respectively, and an elliptical approximation was found useful in estimation of total amount of abdominal adipose tissue. The methods proposed in this thesis were found useful for assessment of body composition. The methods were developed with clinical practice in mind and all proposed methods have been used in further studies for assessment of body composition.

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Under höstterminen 2013 har Stefan Erlandsson och Louise Andersson, designingenjörsstudenter på Högskolan i Skövde, utfört ett produktutvecklingsprojekt i samarbete med entreprenören Lars Willebrand. Målsättningen för projektet var att utveckla ett lyftverktyg som ska komplettera Willebrands produktserie bestående av; travers, svängkran, plåtbyrå och lyftverktyg. Lyftverktyget ska vara anpassat för att användas i kombination med en plåtbyrå, vilket innebär att det kommer användas till att lyfta material från höga och låga höjder. Lyftverktyget måste därmed konstrueras i syfte att underlätta för användaren och undvika arbetsskador som kan uppstå vid dessa lyft. Lyftverktyget ska även kunna anpassas till kunder som endast avser att lyfta skivformade produkter i midjehöjd. Projektet inleds med en förstudie där mycket fokus läggs på ergonomi och användaren. Förstudien har gjorts genom fördjupning i relevant litteratur, kontakt med industriföretag och genom att analysera konkurrerande lyftverktyg. Resultatet från förstudien har sammanfattats till en kravspecifikation som legat till grund för konceptframtagningen. Konceptframtagningen har skett stegvis, där lyftverktygets huvudfunktioner utvecklats var för sig. De funktioner som utvecklats är justering av sugkopparnas position, manövrering och lyft vid hög/låg höjd. Alternativa lösningar har tagits fram och utvärderats för att hitta den lämpligaste lösningen på varje enskild funktion. När de bästa lösningarna hade tagits fram sattes dessa samman till ett slutgiltigt koncept. Det slutgiltiga konceptet har analyserats och detaljutvecklats. För att underlätta tillverkning och tillgodose kundens behov har många av lyftverktygets delar anpassats och ritats om. För att säkerställa att lyftverktyget lever upp till kravspecifikationen har hållfasthetsberäkningar och en antropometrisk analys genomförts. Projektets process och resultat sammanfattades och diskuterades. Slutligen gavs förslag på rekommendationer för fortsatt utveckling av lyftverktyget. / During the second semester of 2013, product design engineering students Stefan Erlandsson and Louise Andersson have been involved in a project in cooperation with entrepreneur Lars Willebrand. The main objective of this project has been to develop a lifting tool for sheet materials. The lifting tool is one of four different products developed by Lars Willebrand. The line of products also includes an overhead crane, a slewing crane and a storage drawer for metal sheets, which are already fully developed and ready for production. The purpose of this lifting tool is to be used along with the storage drawer which means that is has to be optimised for lifting sheet materials from different heights. This means that the lifting tool has to be designed with regards to the users working postures. Human factors such as ergonomics have to be taken into account as well. The initial part of the project is a pre-study with focus on ergonomics and human factors. This pre-study included a study in relevant literature, contact with a manufacturing company and an analysis of the possible competitor’s lifting tools. The results from the pre-study have further been used to define the specification of requirements, which is the foundation for the concept development. The concept development has undergone a number of different phases. All of the lifting tool’s main functions were broken down and developed individually. The functions were as follows; adjustment of the suction cups, lifting from different heights and handling. The most suitable solution for each main function were chosen and assembled into one final concept. The final concept has been analysed and further developed in order to please the employer and the users of the lifting tool. Some details in the design have been changed in order to ease the manufacturing of the lifting tool. To ensure that the final concept matches the specification of requirements, strength calculations and FEM analysis have been made and anthropometrical measurements have been taken into account. The final chapters include a discussion and recommendations for further development of the lifting tool.