Title: Influence of sports load on the physical condition of trampoline gymnasts Objectives: The aim of this thesis is to assess the relationship between the sport load and functional and physical parameters of trampoline gymnasts. Methods: The thesis has the character of empirical research carried out in the form of observation. The research group consisted of 29 active trampoline gymnasts aged 9 to 17 (20 girls and 9 boys) participating in trampoline jumping competitions at national or international level. The body composition was analysed by Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA, Tanita MC - 980), functional parameters were tested via Bosco Vertical Jump test (BT) and kinesiological analysis of the athlete. Anamnestic data were collected as a part of kinesiological examination of the gymnasts. Results: Parameters of trampoline gymnasts were compared from the age point of view - probands were divided into age categories ZAC (10.7 ± 1.1 years) and JUN (14.9 ± 1.2 years) and from the gender point of view - parameters of girls and boys. The values of somatic parameters in JUN were higher than in ZAC; girls had a significantly higher proportion of body fat (d = 2.307) and a significantly lower proportion of Total Body Water (d = 2.222) than boys. JUN did significantly more work during BT (d = 2.059),...

Abstract Background: The objective of the study was to investigate the association of neck circumference (NC) to parameters of glucose homeostasis compared to classical anthropo- metric parameters of lean and obese children. Methods: Three dimensional (3D)-body scanning quan- tified anthropometric (height, weight, NC, hip/waist circumference, BMI) and metabolic parameters (fasting plasma glucose [FPG], insulin, HbA1c, oGTT, HOMA-IR) were determined cross-sectionally in 1542 participants (5–18 years). the strongest association to glucose metabolism para- meters was found for waist circumference (WC), except for FPG and 2h-postload glucose. In multiple linear regres- sion analyses, NC provided additional benefit beyond classical anthropometric indices to describe impairment of glucose homeostasis. Conclusions: We suggest that NC is comparable or addi- tive to established anthropometric parameters but might not be superior to them. However NC is simple to measure, reproducible and may be considered in clinical practice as an additional measurement tool.:Inhalt I Abkürzungsverzeichnis 1. Einführung in die Thematik 1.1. Einleitung und Definition 1.2. Zielsetzung der Arbeit 1.3. wissenschaftlicher Hintergrund 1.4. LIFE Child 2. Publikation Zusammenfassung der Arbeit Literaturverzeichnis Darstellung wissenschaftlicher Beitrag Erklärung über die eigenständige Abfassung der Arbeit Danksagung

No description available.

För att förhindra belastningsskador vid manuellt arbete är en korrekt kroppsställning viktig, därför uppstår det problem på arbetsplatser i industrin där operatörer med olika kroppslängd behöver arbete vid en och samma arbetsplats; de får olika kroppsställning beroende på hur hög arbetsytan är belägen. OMT Techcon vill lösa detta problem genom en ergonomisk lyftplattform vilken operatören står på och anpassar arbetshöjden efter sin kroppslängd, detta examensarbetet gick ut på att ta fram ett konceptförslag på en sådan lyftplattform. Arbetet började med en faktainsamling där vad som menas med korrekt kroppsställning vid stående arbete definierades. Även faktainsamling om andra berörda områden som belastningsergonomi, data på människors olika kroppslängder (antropometri) och skydd och säkerhet berördes. Vidare undersöktes det på marknaden aktuella utbudet av ergonomiska lyftplattformar samt olika lyftmekanismer som kunde komma att användas för höjdinställning av plattformen. Ett besök på Volvo i Torslanda gjordes för att bilda en uppfattning av den miljö som plattformen var tänkt att placeras i. Kundbehov för den ergonomiska lyftplattformen identifierades, dels baserat på intervjuer och observationer från operatörer på Volvo men även från andra källor som den faktainsamling som gjorts. Kundbehoven översattes till mer konkreta och mätbara produktspecifikationer som det vidare arbetet förhöll sig till under utvecklingen av den ergonomiska lyftplattformen. Efter att en funktionsbeskrivning bestående av både primära funktioner och stödfunktioner av den ergonomiska lyftplattformen gjorts togs ett antal förslag på olika produktkoncept fram. Koncepten togs fram genom en morfologisk matris baserad på de primära produktfunktionerna och genom brainstorming framtagna lösningsidéer för dessa. Potentialen i de framtagna produktkoncepten analyserades med hjälp av en Kesselringmatris och jämfördes mot ett referensobjekt på en redan befintlig lyftplattform. Det referensobjekt som användes var den lyftplattform med lägsta egenhöjd som hade identifierat under faktainsamlingen. De tre koncept som ansågs ha högst potential valdes ut och dess primära funktioner vidareutvecklades och testades genom olika prototyper. Genom diskussion med beställaren valdes av dessa ett slutgiltigt koncept ut vilket sedan vidareutvecklades med hänsyn till redan behandlade primära funktioner men även stödfunktioner bearbetades tills ett helhetskoncept specificerats / In order to prevent work-related injuries in manual work, a correct body posture is important. Therefore, problems arise in workplaces in the industry where operators of different body length have to work at the same workplace; they get different body positions depending on how high the work area is located. OMT Techcon wants to solve this problem through an ergonomic operator platform which the operator stands on and adjusts the height of work after his or her body length. This degree project was about drafting a concept proposal on such an operator platform. The work began with an information gathering on defining what a correct body posture means. Information gathering on other areas such as strain ergonomics, anthropo- metric data and safety were addressed. Furthermore, the current range of ergonomic lifting platforms and various lifting mechanisms that could be used for height adjustment of the platform were investigated. A visit to Volvo in Torslanda was made to form an idea of the environment in which the platform was intended to be located. Customer needs for the operator platform were identified, partly based on interviews and observations from operators on Volvo, but also from other sources such as the information gathering. Customer needs were translated into more concrete and measurable product specifications that the continued work was based on. After a functional specification consisting of both primary functions and support functions of the ergonomic operator platform was made, a number of suggestions for different product concepts were developed. The concepts were developed through a morphological matrix consisting on the primary product functions and solutions for these functions developed from a brainstorming session. The potential of the developed product concepts was analyzed using a Kesselring matrix where the concepts were compared to a reference object on an already existing operator platform. The reference object used was the one with the lowest self-height that had been identified during the information gathering. The three concepts considered to have the highest potential were selected and its primary functions were further developed and tested through various prototypes. Through discussion with the client, a definite concept was selected from these, which was then further developed with regard to previously treated primary functions, but also support functions were processed until a complete concept was specified.

This thesis concerns the history of humanitarian nutrition and its political implications. Drawing on aid agency archives and other historical sources, it examines how food has been delivered in emergencies, from the First World War to the present day. The approach is ethnographic: this is a study of the micro-level practices of relief, examining the objects distributed, the plans made, the techniques used. It is also historical: examining how such practices have changed over time. This thesis makes five interlocking arguments. First, I make a political point: that humanitarian action is always political, and that it is impossible to adhere to ‘classical’ humanitarian principles such as neutrality, impartiality and independence. Second, I make a sociological argument: that the activities of humanitarian nutrition have been shaped by a number of themes, which include militarism, medicine, modernity, and markets. Third, I make a historical argument: that the main features of humanitarian nutrition were solidified between the 1930s and the 1970s, and were largely in place by the time of the Biafran war. Fourth, I make a sociological argument: that these mid-century changes involved a profound redefinition of hunger and food (with hunger conceived as a biochemical deficiency, and food as a collection of nutrients). Finally, I make a normative argument, suggesting that this redefinition has not necessarily benefited the starving: the provision of food in emergencies, I argue, is often concerned with control and efficiency rather than the suffering individuals themselves.

L’incertitude pèse sur les ménages ruraux des pays en développement. Cette thèse vise d’une part à mieux comprendre quels sont les conséquences de cette vulnérabilité sur les comportements et d’autre part à analyser la mise en oeuvre et l’impact des stratégies de gestion de risque, qu’elles soient internes ou externes au ménage. Le premier chapitre se concentre sur l’effet de l’exposition au risque foncier sur le comportement d’épargne en Angola. Il établit que les ménages non dotés de documents de propriété ne sont pas à même de cumuler une épargne de précaution. Ce comportement d’auto-Couverture ne se manifeste que lors du cumul de plusieurs risques. Le second chapitre se focalise sur la prise de décision à l’intérieur du ménage pour le choix de stratégies de diversification. Il s’agit d’étudier l’allocation du temps de travail des femmes au Sénégal entre le travail domestique et les activités génératrices de revenus. Un modèle de type sphères séparées avec un transfert entre conjoints est validé. Le faible rôle des incitations financières et l’importance du pouvoir de négociation sont démontrés. Le dernier chapitre analyse l’impact sur la vulnérabilité des ménages d’une intervention extérieure au travers d’un programme visant à l’accès aux services énergétiques. Son impact est mesuré sur la nutrition des enfants. Les résultats démontrent un effet positif et progressif de la présence de l’infrastructure sur la nutrition de long terme. L’intensité de fonctionnement réduit la malnutrition de court terme. Un effet de diffusion est également établi. Ces trois chapitres permettent de montrer l’incapacité des ménages à mettre en place des stratégies de lutte contre la vulnérabilité de façon autonome. Elles prouvent ensuite la nécessité de développer l’accès aux marchés dans les zones rurales. Enfin, le rôle de l’intervention extérieure pour fournir des instruments de gestion aux ménages est souligné. / Uncertainty hangs over rural households in developing countries. This thesis aims first to better understand the consequences of vulnerability on behavior and also to analyze the implementationand impact of risk management strategies, internal or external to the household. The first chapter concentrates on the effect of exposure to tenure insecurity in Angola on saving behavior. It states that households without document are not able to accumulate precautionary saving. This behavior of self-Coverage only occurs with cumulated risks. The second chapter focuses on the decision-Making within the household for the choice of diversification strategies. The allocation of women working time in Senegal between domestic work and income generating activities is studied. A model of separate spheres with a transfer between spouses is validated. The low incidence of financial incentives and the importance of bargaining power are demonstrated. The last chapter analyzes the impact of external intervention on household vulnerability through a program which aims to develop access to energy services. Its impact is estimated on the nutrition of children. The results show a positive and progressive effect of the presence of the infrastructure on long- erm nutrition. The intensity of use reduces the short-Term malnutrition. A diffusion effect is also established. These three chapters allow to stress the inability of households to develop independent strategies against the vulnerability. Then they make out the need to develop market access in rural areas. Finally,the role of external intervention to provide management tools to households is underlined

Globe Group, a company under the brand Greenworks Tools, is one of the industry leaders in battery-powered outdoor equipment, developing tools that deliver the performance of a gasoline-powered tool without the hassle and emissions associated with it. Gasoline-powered tools are still prevalent in the field of arboriculture where arborists work daily with chainsaws while performing tree felling and pruning. Now a new type of chainsaw is in development by Globe Group which is characterized by its lightweight and large battery capacity, which brings extraordinary battery life. This feature is possible by redesigning the chainsaw to support an external battery, which is housed in a separate battery pack instead of placing the battery directly inside the tool. The aim of the project is to adapt and design the battery pack for arborists by using a user-centered design approach with focus on ergonomics. This is done by having a close cooperation with the arborists during the whole project, from pre-study to final concept evaluation, to explore and fulfill the needs of the user. By using a wide range of research and design methods, a final concept is developed to reach the needs of the user and company. / Globe Group, som står bakom varumärket Greenworks Tools, är branschledande inom batteridriven utomhusutrustning och levererar verktyg med samma prestandanivå som hos ett bensindrivet verktyg, fast utan utsläpp och krångel som det typiskt är förknippat med. Bensindrivna verktyg är fortfarande mycket vanliga inom trädvårdssektorn där arborister arbetar med motorsågar dagligen vid trädfällning och grenbeskärning. Nu är en ny typ av motorsåg under utveckling av Globe Group som kännetecknas av sin lätta vikt och stora batterikapacitet, vilket ger extra lång batterilivslängd. Denna kombination är möjligt genom att ha ett externt batteri vilket är huserat i ett separat batteripaket istället för att placera batteriet direkt in i verktyget. Projektets mål är att anpassa och konstruera batterifickan specifikt för målgruppen arborister genom att använda en användarcentrerad designapproach med fokus på ergonomi. Detta görs genom ett nära samarbete med arboristerna under hela projektets gång, från förstudie till utvärdering av resultat, för att utforska och uppfylla användarens behov. Ett slutligt koncept är utvecklat för att tillgodose både användarens och företagets behov/krav.

A Doença hepática gordurosa não alcoólica (DHGNA) é uma das formas mais comuns de doença hepática, acometendo cerca de 20 a 30% da população adulta, sendo mais frequente em indivíduos obesos (70 a 80%). Os principais fatores de risco associados à doença são os componentes da Síndrome metabólica. Até o momento, não há um tratamento farmacológico específico para a DHGNA e modificações no estilo de vida com redução de peso e exercício físico são sempre preconizados. Existem poucos dados sobre o impacto da atividade física e uma estratégia nutricional ideal no tratamento da DHGNA. Visto a necessidade de elucidar o impacto da atividade física e a busca por uma estratégia nutricional ideal no tratamento da DHGNA, propusemos um estudo randomizado controlado avaliando os efeitos de uma dieta hipocalórica e hiperproteica e do exercício físico aeróbio associado a esta dieta nos parâmetros metabólicos e antropométricos de mulheres sedentárias pós-menopausa. Foram incluídas 40 mulheres sedentárias pós-menopausa com DHGNA, que possuíam biópsia hepática em um período igual ou menor que 2 (dois) anos. Essas pacientes foram randomizadas em 2 grupos: grupo TREINO: treinamento aeróbio associado à dieta hipocalórica e hiperproteica e grupo DIETA: somente dieta hipocalórica e hiperproteica e, acompanhadas por um período de 6 meses. Na análise intra-grupo das variáveis antropométricas nos períodos pré e pós-intervenção dietética ou exercício físico aeróbio não foram observadas diferenças significativas em ambos os grupos. Na análise intra-grupo das variáveis bioquímicas, o HDL mostrou-se estatisticamente diferente (p= 0,004) no grupo TREINO. Na análise inter-grupos das variáveis bioquímicas observamos um aumento significativo para HDL-C (p= 0,036) no grupo TREINO. Na análise intra-grupo das variáveis ergoespirométricas observamos diferença significativa para as variáveis VO2máx Relativo (p= 0,04), Tempo LA (p= 0,001), Tempo PCR (p= 0,003) e Tempo Pico (p= 0,001) no grupo TREINO. Na análise inter-grupo das variáveis ergoespirométricas a análise das variáveis VO2máx Relativo (p= 0,042), Tempo LA (p= 0,011), Tempo PCR (p= 0,002) e Tempo Pico (p= 0,007) foram estatisticamente diferentes. Nossos dados mostram uma estreita relação entre a intervenção nutricional, exercício aeróbio e a melhora da DHGNA. Apesar do tempo proposto de exercício semanal ter sido relativamente pequeno, nossos dados mostram que tanto a dieta hipocalórica e hiperproteica quanto o tratamento com exercício aeróbio duas vezes por semana associado a esta dieta podem ser eficazes para o tratamento da DHGNA em mulheres sedentárias pós-menopausa. Salientamos a importância do exercício aeróbio associado à dieta hipocalórica e hiperproteica para o aumento do HDL-C sérico e melhora da aptidão cardiorrespiratória neste grupo de mulheres. Consideramos que ambos os tratamentos podem ser recomendados de acordo com a particularidade de cada indivíduo, respeitando suas dificuldades e limitações / The Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common form of liver diseases, affecting approximately 20-30% of the adult population and is more common in obese individuals (70-80%). The main risk factors associated with the disease are the components of the Metabolic syndrome. To date, there is no specific pharmacological treatment for NAFLD and changes in lifestyle with weight reduction and exercise are always recommended. Few datas exist on the impact of physical activity and optimal nutritional strategy for the treatment of NAFLD. Seen the need to elucidate the impact of physical activity and the search for an ideal nutritional strategy in the treatment of NAFLD, we proposed a randomized controlled trial evaluating the effects of a hypocaloric high-protein diet and aerobic exercise associated with this diet on metabolic and anthropometric parameters in sedentary postmenopausal women. 40 sedentary postmenopausal women with NAFLD who had liver biopsy for a period equal to or less than 2 (two) years were included. These patients were randomized into 2 groups: TRAINING group: aerobic training with hypocaloric high-protein diet and DIET group: only hypocaloric high-protein diet, and followed for a period of six months. In intra-group anthropometric variables pre and post dietary intervention or aerobic exercise analysis, no significant differences were observed in both groups. In intra-group analysis of biochemical variables, HDL was statistically different (p= 0.004) on the TRAINING group. In inter-group analysis of biochemical variables observed a significant increase in HDL-C (p= 0.036) on TRAINING group. In the analysis of intra-group ergospirometric variables significant differences were observed for the variables Relative VO2max (p= 0.04), Time at VAT (p= 0.001), Time at RCP (p= 0.003) and Time at peak (p= 0.001) in TRAINING group. In the analysis of inter-group ergospirometric variables Relative VO2máx (p= 0.042), Time at VAT (p= 0.011), Time at RCP (p= 0.002) and Time at peak (p= 0.007) were significantly different. Our data shows a close relationship between nutrition intervention, aerobic exercise and improvement of NAFLD. Although the proposed weekly exercise time was relatively small, our data show that both a low-calorie diet and protein levels as treatment with aerobic exercise twice a week associated with this diet may be effective for treating NAFLD in postmenopausal women sedentary. Stress the importance of aerobic exercise associated with low-calorie and high-protein diet for the increase in serum HDL-C and improves cardiorespiratory fitness in this group. We believe that both treatments may be recommended according to the particularity of each individual, respecting their difficulties and limitations

Introdução: A população mundial está envelhecendo, tornando a qualidade de vida do idoso uma demanda de estratégias imediatas sociais, políticas e econômicas. O processo de envelhecimento impõe modificações na composição corporal dos indivíduos, como o declínio gradual da massa e função muscular, definida por sarcopenia, que está associada a incapacidade, dependência e maior vulnerabilidade. A metodologia padrão de medida de índice de massa magra (IMM) é a densitometria (DEXA). Porém necessita de equipamento e treinamento de alta complexidade e custo. Objetivo: avaliar a acurácia das metodologias de mensuração de IMM no idoso, através de bioimpedância (BIA) e cálculos antropométricos comparadas a DEXA. Métodos: Idosos do sexo masculino de um serviço público terciário de geriatria foram submetidos a testes de força de preensão palmar, medidas antropométricas (peso, altura, circunferência de cintura e quadril, prega cutânea tricipital, resistência, reatância e massa apendicular), realização de bioimpedância e DEXA. Os dados obtidos foram aplicados em 3 equações validadas para predição de índice de massa muscular: dados antropométricos para equação de Baumgartner et al; dados da bioimpedância calculados segundo Janssen et al; Delmonico et al para dados de DEXA. Para a estratificação dos participantes em sarcopenicos e não sarcopenicos utilizamos as análises dos dados de IMM por DEXA e preensão palmar segundo seus limites de normalidade. Os dados foram submetidos a tabela de contingência 2x2 para sensibilidade, especificidade, valor preditivos e verossimilhança, ao teste de Bland Altman para análises de dispersão em relação a DEXA e os valores contínuos submetidos ao teste t student. Resultados: O perfil predominante dos 92 idosos que finalizaram todos os testes foi casado, 67% sedentários, 53% portadores de múltiplas morbidades em uso de polifarmácia, média de idade de 72,9±6,6 anos. Ambas metodologias BIA e antropometria mostraram correlação positiva com a DEXA(BIA: r =0,77 e p < 0,0001; antropometria:r=0,81 com p < 0,0001). Evidenciou-se prevalência de 28.2 % (n= 26) de sarcopenia entre os participantes. Os sarcopênicos apresentaram maior idade 76.6± 7,6 anos (p= 0.003), menor força de preensão palmar (24.1±4.7 kgf , p < 0.0001) e pior massa muscular apendicular 17.30 ±1.9 kfg (p=0.0001). A antropometria mostrou 35% (32 indivíduos) de prevalência de baixa massa livre de gordura, apresentando 86% de sensibilidade, Valor Preditivo Positivo (VPP) de 67% e razão de verossimilhança (RVP) de 4,5. Ao analisarmos os dados da BIA, encontramos 93% de sensibilidade, especificidade 70%, VPP de 37% e uma RVP de 3,2. Conclui-se que ambas BIA e antropometria apresentam alta acurácia para estimar IMM. Porém, a utilização de dados antropométricos mostrou ser quase tão sensível e mai específico do que a BIA quando comparados à DEXA. Acrescida a alta acurácia para inferir IMM, o cálculo antropométrico mostrou ser de fácil aplicação e baixo custo,confiável para diagnosticar a sarcopenia, avaliando além da massa magra, também a força muscular, fator determinante para funcionalidadee qualidade de vida do indivíduo idoso vulnerável. Estes resultados sugerem que a antrompometria é o método de escolha para triagem de grandes populações dando suporte às intervenções políticas, socio-econômicas em termos de saude publica e privada, e para acompanhamento de sarcopenia do individuo idoso, exequível em qualquer pais independente do seu nível sócio econômico / Introduction: The world\'s population is aging, making the elderly\'s quality of life a demand for immediate social, political and economic strategies. The aging process imposes changes in the body composition of individuals, such as the gradual decline of muscle mass and function, defined by sarcopenia, which is associated with incapacity, dependence and greater vulnerability. The standard methodology for measuring lean mass index (LMI) is densitometry (DXA). However, it requires expensive and high complexity equipment and personal training. Objective: to evaluate the accuracy of bioimpedance (BIA) and anthropometric calculations for measuring LMI in the elderly compared to DXA. Methods: Male seniors from a tertiary geriatrics public hospital were submitted to palmar grip strength tests, anthropometric measures (weight, height, waist and hip circumference, triceps skin fold, resistance, reactance and appendicular mass), BIA and DXA. The obtained data were applied in 3 validated equations for prediction of LMI: Baumgartner calculation for anthropometric data; Janssen calculation for bioimpedance data; Delmonico calculation for DXA data. Sarcopeny was defines as LMI by DXA and palmar grip according to their limits of normality. The data were submitted to a 2x2 contingency table for predictive sensitivity, specificity, likelihood values and predictive values; to the Bland Altman test for dispersion in relation to DXA and when continuous values to the student t test. Results: The predominant profile of the 92 elderly subjects who completed all the tests was married, 67% were sedentary, 53% had multiple comorbidities and polypharmacy, mean age was 72,9±6,6 years. Both BIA and anthropometry showed positive correlation with DXA (BIA: r = 0.77 and p < 0.0001; anthropometry: r = 0.81 , p < 0.0001). A prevalence of 28.2% (n = 26) of sarcopenia was observed among the participants. The sarcopenic individuals presented predominance of 76.6± 7,6 years of age (p = 0.10), lower palmar grip strength (24.1±4.7 kgf , p < 0.0001) and worse apendicular Muscle Mass 17.30 ±1.9 kfg (p=0.0001). Anthropometric calculations showed 35% prevalence of low fat free mass, presenting 86% sensitivity, 67% Positive Predictive Value (PPV) and 4,5 likelihood ratio (LR). BIA data presented 93% sensitivity, 70% specificity, 37% PPV, and a LR of 1.3. In conclusion both BIA and anthropometry present high accuracy to estimate LMI. However, anthropometric calculations showed more sensitivity, almost as specific as BIA when compared to DXA. In addition to high accuracy to infer LMI, the anthropometric calculation showed to be easily performed, applicable at low cost and reliable to diagnose sarcopenia. Besides the fat free mass, it also evaluates the muscular strength, a key point for functionability and quality of life of the elderly. These results suggest that anthropometry is the method of choice for screening for sarcopeny in the elderly and that it may support political, socioeconomic interventions in terms of public and private health, and for monitoring sarcopenia of the elderly individual, feasible in any country independent of its socioeconomic status

Estamos propondo um índice antropométrico para pectus excavatum correlacionando-o ao índice de Haller e ao índice vertebral inferior. Estudamos 20 pacientes com deformidade e 30 indivíduos normais. Os pacientes portadores do defeito torácico foram submetidos à correção cirúrgica. A correlação entre os índices foi alta, a acurácia semelhante e houve diferença significante entre o pré e pós-operatório estabelecida pelos índices. / We are proposing an anthropometric index for pectus excavatum correlating it to Haller's index and to the lower vertebral index. We have studied 20 patients with deformity and 30 normal patients. Patients carrying thoracic defect were submitted to surgical correction. The correlation between the indexes was high, the accuracy was similar and there was significant difference between the pre and post-operative established by the indexes.