Nel corso degli ultimi anni l'industria finanziaria ha incominciato a identificare nei Big Data una potenziale leva strategica per la relazione banca-cliente. Tuttavia, come evidenziato in vari contributi, le organizzazioni incontrano alcune difficoltà nell’implementare suddette tecnologie poiché il livello di innovazione richiesto si scontra con quelle prassi e norme ben radicate nelle macchine operative degli intermediari finanziari. Il presente lavoro, supportato da una rassegna della letteratura sull'implicazione organizzativa dei Big Data, descrive un progetto realizzato da una banca europea che, nell'ultimo anno, ha introdotto nei propri sistemi informativi i Big Data per supportare l’operatività dei gestori corporate nell'ambito della relazione banca-azienda. Utilizzando “l'ambidestrismo” come framework teorico (basato sul conflitto exploration-exploitation), questa tesi propone alcune soluzioni a livello organizzativo per risolvere le tensioni tra: i soggetti coinvolti in attività di innovazione radicale (exploration activities) e i soggetti coinvolti in attività che mirano alla standardizzazione e all'efficientamento continuo (exploitation activities) delle operation degli intermediari finanziari. Sei mesi di osservazioni dirette e quarantasei interviste condotte trasversalmente su quattro unità della banca costituiscono la base dati principale del contributo empirico di questo lavoro di tesi / In recent years the financial industry has begun to identify Big Data as a potential strategic leverage in the bank-customer relationship. According to different contributions, organizations are generally facing some difficulties in introducing these technologies because the degree of innovation required generally clashes with those standards and practices rooted in the operating machine of the financial intermediaries. This work, supported by a review of the literature on the Big Data organizational implications, describes a project developed by a European bank that, in the last year, introduced these technologies within its information systems to support managers in the bank-corporate relationship. Using the “ambidexterity” as a theoretical framework (based on the tradeoff between exploration and exploitation), this thesis proposes some organizational solutions to resolve tensions between: those subjects involved in activities regarding radical innovations (exploration activities) and those involved in activities aimed at the standardization and at the continuous efficiency (exploitative activities) of the bank’s operations. Six months of direct observations and forty six interviews conducted across four units of the bank represent the main basis of the empirical contribution of this thesis.

Digitaliseringen har reformerat många aspekter av vårt samhälle och den pågående digitala utvecklingen är oundviklig. Organisationer tvingas därmed till två val; att genomgå förändring eller försvinna från marknaden. Genom en kvalitativ forskningsmetod ville vi skapa en ökad förståelse för digitaliseringens inverkan på en organisation med betoning på medarbetarskap och ledarskap. För att uppnå detta har vi genomfört en fallstudie tillsammans med Nordea Bank AB Sverige. Vi genomförde 12 stycken semistrukturerade intervjuer och observerade 3 stycken olika arbetsplatser för att på så sätt skapa en förståelse för digitaliseringens inverkan. Vid studiens start trodde vi att det var aktuellt att inkludera olika kön- och åldersperspektiv då vi ansåg att den digitala förändringen kunde leda till olika typer av upplevda erfarenheter. Dock visade det sig att det inte skiljde sig åt mellan könen men att det istället fanns en åtskillnad kring ålder och erfarenhet. Studiens resultat visade att Nordea Bank AB har valt att genomgå en digital förändring och att de hanterar detta på olika sätt utifrån medarbetarskap och ledarskap. Vi kan även fastslå att organisationen har kommit långt i sin digitala förändringsprocess då medarbetare dagligen kommer i kontakt med digitaliserade arbetsverktyg. Dock är vi medvetna om att banken kommer att möta ytterligare utmaningar och möjligheter vilket innebär att de måste ha ett förändringsbenäget beteende även i framtiden. / Digitalization has transformed many aspects of our society. Currently, digital development is inevitable. Organizations are forced to choose between transforming or disappearing from the market. Through a qualitative research method we wanted to create awareness of digitalization’s impact on employeeship and leadership. To achieve this, we conducted a case study with Nordea Bank AB Sweden. We also conducted 12 in-depth interviews and 3 different observations in order to gain a deeper understanding of digitalization’s impact on the work environment. In the beginning of this study we believed that we would find differences between gender and age. The results have shown that we could only find differences between ages and experiences among our respondents. Our study also showed that Nordea Bank AB has chosen to accept this digital transformation. We also concluded that the organization handled this change in different ways in relation to employeeship and leadership. Furthermore, the study showed that the organization has implemented their digital transformation well because their employees use their developed digital tools daily. However, we are aware that the bank needs to continuously adapt to the change because they will face new challenges and possibilities in the future.

Submitted by Pedro Silveira (pepa2906@gmail.com) on 2017-09-17T22:27:56Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO versão final.pdf: 958805 bytes, checksum: fe6b415fa1a7c1085c5f2ee8e76e5f11 (MD5) / Rejected by Thais Oliveira (thais.oliveira@fgv.br), reason: Prezado, boa tarde. Por gentileza, colocar em negrito o título completo na capa e contracapa, e também o título "lista de Abreviaturas". Qualquer dúvida, entre em contato com mestradoprofissional@fgv.br ou ligue 3799-7764 Att. on 2017-09-18T18:06:32Z (GMT) / Submitted by Pedro Silveira (pepa2906@gmail.com) on 2017-09-21T14:36:24Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO publicada.pdf: 984997 bytes, checksum: d5a9458ccbf404e81f51b80771f865e9 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Thais Oliveira (thais.oliveira@fgv.br) on 2017-09-21T18:07:36Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO publicada.pdf: 984997 bytes, checksum: d5a9458ccbf404e81f51b80771f865e9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-22T13:58:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO publicada.pdf: 984997 bytes, checksum: d5a9458ccbf404e81f51b80771f865e9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-22 / We will address the relationship between concentration and competition in the banking industry, according to the contemporary models of Industrial Organization Theory, applying the Panzar-Rosse approach, as developed by Bikker, Schaffer, and Spierdijk, with the definition of the H statistic from a non-scaled return equation. The Panzar-Rosse approach was applied on a data sample of Brazilian commercial banks data between 2011 and 2016 using an OLS e FGLS models. The database starts in 2011, when the effects of the long 2009-2010 crisis were exhausted in the national banking system. Before applying the model, the present work reviews the literature on the theme, accentuating the diversity of approaches used to establish the causal relationships between concentration and competition. The results show the clear advance of banking concentration in several relevant markets and the evidence of market power. The CR10 index evolved from 86.8% in January 2011 to 88,5% in December 2016. The Hr statistic on the non-sacaled returns, chosen as reference for the analyzed period, indicated market power. / Para analisar a relação entre a concentração e a competição bancária, de acordo com os modelos contemporâneos da Teoria da Organização Industrial, faremos a aplicação da abordagem de Panzar-Rosse, tal como desenvolvida por Bikker, Schaffer e Spierdijk, com a definição da estatística H a partir de uma equação não-escalada de retornos. A abordagem de Panzar-Rosse foi aplicada a partir de uma amostra de dados dos bancos comerciais brasileiros de 2011 a 2016 com modelos OLS e FGLS. A base de dados começa a partir de 2011, período no qual os efeitos da longa crise de 2009 a 2010 foram esgotados no sistema bancário nacional. Antes da aplicação do modelo, o presente trabalho apresenta a revisão da literatura do tema, destacando a diversidade de abordagens para estabelecer as relações causais entre concentração e competição. Os resultados mostram o avanço claro da concentração bancária em diversos mercados relevantes e a evidência de poder de mercado. A evolução do índice CR10 saiu de 86,8% em janeiro de 2011, para 88,5% em dezembro de 2016. A estatística Hr, acerca dos retornos não escalados, escolhida como referência para o referido período, indicou poder de mercado.

Submitted by Karine Athayde El Chihimi (karine.chihimi@gmail.com) on 2018-05-15T20:19:30Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertation-Karine El Chihimi_V2.pdf: 1623607 bytes, checksum: 6a1e60ddfe261ed884044e5bbf67a370 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Josineide da Silva Santos Locatelli (josineide.locatelli@fgv.br) on 2018-05-16T12:09:08Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertation-Karine El Chihimi_V2.pdf: 1623607 bytes, checksum: 6a1e60ddfe261ed884044e5bbf67a370 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Suzane Guimarães (suzane.guimaraes@fgv.br) on 2018-05-16T13:00:24Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertation-Karine El Chihimi_V2.pdf: 1623607 bytes, checksum: 6a1e60ddfe261ed884044e5bbf67a370 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-16T13:00:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertation-Karine El Chihimi_V2.pdf: 1623607 bytes, checksum: 6a1e60ddfe261ed884044e5bbf67a370 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-04-13 / This master dissertation aimed to understand the rise of the fintechs in the banking industry under an academic basis with a special focus on the Spanish market. The intention was to discuss if fintechs play a disruptive force or if they are driving the industry evolution. Even though the linkage of fintechs and the banking industry has a long history, dating back to 1886, they emerged strongly since the financial crisis of 2008. After this turning point, many start-ups pop up, launching value propositions that combined technology and innovation (Arner, Barberis & Buckley, 2015). In this sense, to address the problem in hand, five theories were applied to assist in the understanding of the current situation of the banking sector. The objective was to find an academic explanation for the phenomenon of fintechs and their impact on the industry. Each one of these theories generated a proposition assessed by an exploratory qualitative research carried out for the purpose of this master dissertation. Therefore, primary and secondary data were collected. The primary data was gathered blending distinct research methods such as personal interview, semi-structured interviews and online survey and questionnaire. Hence, a triangulation process was adopted in order to obtain multiple insights from the stakeholders involved: customers, fintechs and banking professionals. According to the definition of disruption provided by the theory of disruptive innovation (Christensen) and the concept of evolution provided by the literature of industry evolution (Klepper), the findings suggest that fintechs are not disruptors. They seem to be driving the evolution of the banking industry, institutionalizing new manners of doing business, due to their combination of two powerful forces capable of altering the dynamics of an industry and regenerate their lifecycles: innovation and technology. / Esta dissertação de mestrado tinha como proposito entender a emergência das fintechs no setor bancário, principalmente no mercado espanhol, com base em fundamentos acadêmicos. A intenção era discutir se as fintechs promovem a disrupção ou a evolução da indústria. Embora a ligação entre as fintechs e o setor bancário tenha uma longa história, desde 1886, as fintechs emergiram fortemente desde a crise financeira de 2008. Essa data marca um momento de virada em que muitas start-ups surgiram, introduzindo propostas de valor que combinam tecnologia e inovação (Arner, Barberis & Buckley, 2015). Nesse sentido, para abordar o problema em questão, cinco teorias foram aplicadas para auxiliar na compreensão da situação atual do setor bancário. O objetivo foi encontrar uma explicação acadêmica para o fenômeno ´fintech´ e seu impacto na indústria. Cada uma dessas teorias gerou uma proposição avaliada por uma pesquisa qualitativa exploratória realizada para fins desta dissertação. Dados primários e secundários foram utilizados. Os dados primários foram coletados combinando distintos métodos de pesquisa, tais como entrevistas pessoais, entrevistas semi-estruturadas e pesquisa on-line e questionário. Assim, foi adotado um processo de triangulação para obter múltiplas percepções dos stakeholders envolvidos: clientes, fintechs e profissionais bancários. Conforme definição de disrupção fornecida pela teoria de inovação disruptiva (Christensen) e o conceito de evolução fornecido pela literatura de evolução da indústria (Klepper), os resultados sugerem que as fintechs não são disruptoras. Elas parecem estar conduzindo a evolução do setor bancário, institucionalizando novas maneiras de fazer negócios, devido à combinação de duas poderosas forças capazes de alterar a dinâmica de uma indústria e regenerar seus ciclos de vida: inovação e tecnologia.

This thesis examines the factors affecting audit and non-audit fees and the effects of the joint provision of audit and non-audit services on auditing. The first essay focuses on environmental factors. Using data for Swedish listed companies over a six year span, including pre-crisis, crisis and post-crisis periods, the essay investigates whether changing economic conditions affect the level of fees paid for audit and non-audit services. The finding suggests that auditors increase their risk premium for auditing during a financial crisis andtend to charge higher audit fees as a response to lower risk levels in the post-crisis period. On the other hand, a significant reduction in non-audit fees suggests that companies are less willing to invest in consulting services during thecrisis and post-crisis periods. The second essay also studies the effects of environmental factors on audit pricing. Using data for financial institutions in 24 European countries, the study examines whether the level of effort spent on the evaluation of fair values is higher for more uncertain fair values.The result suggests that an increasing level of complexity and risk requires greater audit effort. Furthermore, the results showthat the strength of a country’s institutional setting is positively associated with the effort spent on the evaluation of high uncertainty fair value estimates. The finding implies that auditors spend more effort in stronger regulated countries, possibly due to higher potential litigation costs. The third essay focuses on the factors related to an individual audit partner. Based on the data of publicly listed Swedish companies, it investigates whether partner special competencies are reflected in the prices charged for auditing. The findings show that partner industry expertise and client-specific expertise are associated with higher audit fees. A further finding isthat female partners are considerably under-represented among specialists. However,the under-representation of females among higher qualified partners does not seem to negatively affect their possibilities to earn higher fees. The fourth essay investigates how the joint provision of audit and non-audit services affects perceived knowledge spillover and audit efficiency. The essay makesuse of survey data from a large sample of Swedish auditors and finds that the levels of communication and trust are positively associated with knowledge spillover. The result further suggests that the information gained from the provision of non-audit services can reduce auditors’ effort (time) spent on different audit procedures, thereby increasing audit efficiency.

The diploma thesis deals with strategic analysis of the selected bank. Its goal is to evaluate the company´s competitive position with regard to the specifics of the banking industry. The theoretical part includes the historical development of strategic management, defines the key analytical methods used in strategic analysis and describes the characteristics of the industry. Application of the analyses, their summarization and interpretation is included in the practical part. The thesis, inter alia, explains the principle of building savings and provides a broad overview of the topic. The results of the thesis could be used for decision making of external and internal users.

The objective of this masters thesis is to analyze the marketing communications of a selected bank within the banking industry, in this case the Raiffeisenbank a.s. There were two methods applied in this analysis, the questionnaire survey and interview. The questionnaire survey serves the purpose of obtaining external information about the bank, while the interview serves as an internal source of information within the bank. The masters thesis is structure into a theoretical part with four subsections and practical part with five subsections. The first chapter characterizes the micro and macro environment in the banking industry. The second chapter focuses on the theory of marketing communications of services. The last section of the theoretical part evaluates the basis the marketing mix and last paragraphs of the theoretical further elaborate on the marketing mix of services. The first part of the practical section introduces the history of Raiffeisenbank all to way to the presence. Second part explains the marketing research of the current communications of Raiffeisenbank. Following section of the practical part expands on the SWOT analysis of selected factors, such as the goals of the marketing communications of Raiffeisenbank and the targeted audience of the marketing communications of Raiffeisenbank. Further chapters describe the methods of marketing communications as well as the perceived brand image and SWOT matrix. The last part of the thesis evaluates the hypothesis on the basis of applied methods of analysis and proposes a set of recommendations to improve the marketing communications of Raiffeisenbank.

Background: Sustainable development is a phenomenon that has become increasingly important as a result of the shift in values of today’s society. Because of this increase in awareness of sustainability, organizations have parallelly increased their reporting in this area in order to enable investors, customers and other stakeholders to make decisions. From a global perspective, the sustainability reporting in different countries has become harmonized to an increasing extent. This harmonization process occurs not only in a global context, but also within the same industry. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate how organizations operating in the same industry are framing and developing their sustainability reporting over time. Methods: In order to answer the research questions, a comparative study was conducted. The entirety of the empirical material has been collected using a qualitative content analysis, consisting of nine organizations' annual and sustainability reports during the years 2014-2019. The content of the reports has been analyzed in context of three main aspects: environmental, social and governance. Conclusions: The results of this study show that there are a number of similarities and common patterns in the sustainability reporting of organizations operating in the same industry. The results show that organizations operating in the same industry are becoming more and more harmonized in terms of the content of sustainability reporting. / Bakgrund: I takt med förändrade samhällsvärderingar och ett ökat intresse gentemot miljöfrågor, har begreppet hållbar utveckling kommit att spela en allt större roll. Efterfrågan på information gällande hållbarhet har ökat i takt med ett flertal olika händelser i form av dels företagsskandaler och börsfall, dels påtryckningar från investerare och politiker. Detta har resulterat i att företag har utvecklat sin rapportering gällande hållbarhet för att investerare, kunder, lagstiftare och andra intressenter ska kunna fatta relevanta beslut. Rapporteringen av företagens hållbarhetsarbete har till följd av detta fått en allt större roll där det har blivit alltmer vanligt förekommande att större företag presenterar detta i en så kallad hållbarhetsrapport. Sett ur ett globalt perspektiv, har olika länders hållbarhetsarbete harmoniserats i allt större utsträckning. Denna harmoniseringsprocess går inte endast att utläsa ur ett globalt perspektiv, utan även inom samma bransch. Syfte: Studien syftar till att undersöka hur hållbarhetsrapporteringen hos organisationer verksamma inom samma bransch utformar sig och hur detta har utvecklats över tid. Metod: Studien följer en komparativ design och har genomförts med hjälp av en kvalitativ innehållsanalys bestående av nio organisationers års- och hållbarhetsredovisningar mellan åren 2014–2019. Innehållet i års- och hållbarhetsredovisningar har analyserats utifrån tre teman: miljö, socialt ansvar och bolagsstyrning. Slutsatser: Studien visar att det föreligger ett flertal likheter och gemensamma mönster i hållbarhetsrapporteringen hos organisationer verksamma inom samma bransch. Studiens resultat visar på att organisationer verksamma inom samma bransch blir alltmer harmoniserade sett till innehållet i hållbarhetsrapporteringen.

The increasing level of fraud, the collapse of banks, and the loss of confidence in the Nigerian banking industry have been attributed to poor corporate governance. The problem of this study was effective implementation of corporate governance in Nigeria where multiple regulations are in place. The purpose of this qualitative single case study was to understand how corporate governance is implemented in the Nigerian banking industry in the face of a multiplicity of regulations. The research question investigated how Nigerian bank managers implement corporate governance regulations in the face of a multiplicity of regulations. The conceptual framework was grounded in stewardship theory. Data collection included document analysis and face-to-face semistructured interviews to gain an understanding of how to implement corporate governance based on the perception of 15 purposefully selected senior managers and directors of the host bank. Data were analyzed using Yin's 5-Stage data analysis approach. Findings revealed that the involvement of senior bank managers and the adoption of global best practices, training, education, and awareness creation are the prerequisites for effective implementation of corporate governance. Findings may be used to reduce corporate failure, improve compliance, and restore confidence in the banking industry through enhancing the understanding of practitioners, investors, and policymakers on how to implement corporate governance in a highly regulated banking environment and contribute to positive social change.

This thesis delves into the digital transformation of private banking, emphasizing the challenge of balancing technology with the personalized service that high-net-worth clients expect. Employing frameworks like Relationship Marketing, the Technology Acceptance Model, and Customer Experience Management, it examines the integration and impact of digital tools on client relationships and operational efficiency in private banking. The research, informed by interviews with industry professionals, explores the adoption of digital practices, highlighting a trend towards operational efficiency yet revealing a gap in achieving the depth of personalization characteristic of private banking. The study concludes by exploring the future of digitalization in the sector, suggesting a strategic approach where technological advancements complement the foundational elements of private banking. This balanced integration is vital for maintaining the essence of bespoke advice and trust that defines the client-advisor bond in an increasingly digital financial landscape. / Denna avhandling fördjupar sig i den digitala omvandlingen av private banking-sektorn, med betoning på utmaningen att balansera teknik med den personliga service som kunder med hög nettoförmögenhet förväntar sig. Genom att använda ramverk som Relationsmarknadsföring, teknikacceptansmodellen och kundupplevelsehantering, undersöks integrationen och effekten av digitala verktyg på kundrelationer och operationell effektivitet inom private banking. Forskningen, som är baserad på intervjuer med anställda inom private banking, undersöker införandet av digitala processer och belyser en trend mot operationell effektivitet, men visar även en brist på att uppnå den djupgående personalisering som är karaktäristisk inom private banking. Studien avslutas med att analysera framtiden för digitalisering inom sektorn, och föreslår en strategisk metod där tekniska framsteg kompletterar de grundläggande elementen i private banking-verksamhet. Denna balanserade integration är avgörande för att bevara essensen av skräddarsydd rådgivning och förtroende som definierar bandet mellan klient och rådgivare i ett alltmer digitalt landskap.