L’étude de l’identité féminine dans la prose narrative d’Ingeborg Bachmann est à tous égards féconde. En dehors de la simple description de l’univers de la femme et des problèmes auxquels elle est confrontée dans sa quête d’identité, elle a donné l’opportunité de questionner sous un angle sociocritique, l’articulation de l’identité à l’écriture de la femme. Une fois surmontés les écueils liés à l’état fragmentaire de l’ensemble de la prose narrative de Bachmann, ce travail se propose donc de mettre en relief à l’aide d’éléments textuels, la thématique de l’angoisse existentielle, du mal-être, de l’étroitesse ou de la claustration. Aussi, cette thèse s’entend-elle somme toute, comme un travail centré sur le discours qui vise à mettre en relation la problématique de l’identité féminine avec les questions actuelles de la perméabilité des genres sexuels. Ce travail nous permettra entre autre d’expliciter le caractère engagé du discours bachmannien centré sur la reconnaissance de l’écriture de la femme. Les résultats obtenus nous conduiront à conclure que l’identité féminine chez Bachmann échappe à tout enfermement. Aussi son écriture se soustrait-elle à la rigidité des frontières entre genres sexuels et genres littéraires / Although seemingly traditional, the study of the female identity in the prose of Ingeborg Bachmann is in all respects fruitful. It didn’t simply aim to describe the universe of the woman; it gave the opportunity of questioning under a linguistic, intertextual and sociocritic view, the articulation of the identity to the writing of the woman. Once you overcome the shelves related to the fragmentary state of the whole narrative prose of Bachmann, this work then proposes itself to highlight with literal elements, the themes of angst, the discomfort and the narrowness or confinement. Therefore, this thesis comes together as a work centered on the speech with the objective to put the problematic of the female identity in relation with the current question of the permeability of the sexual kinds, via a textual and social examination. First of all, this work will allow us to explain the committed nature of Bachmann’s speech, centered on the recognition of the female writing. The results obtained through the literal analysis will lead us to conclude that Bachmann’s woman’s identity is out of confinement. Therefore, her writing escapes from the rigidity of the boundaries between sexual kinds and literary genres

This essay analyzes the Austrian author Ingeborg Bachmann’s novel Malina (1971) from two theoretical perspectives: Freudian trauma theory and poststructuralist feminism, as formulated by Julia Kristeva in Revolution in Poetic Language (1974). Both of these standpoints manages to explain one of the main issues in Malina, that is, how to give voice to that which escapes language. By arguing that the nameless narrator, Ich (I), has been traumatized by patriarchal structures, I show how these perspectives complement rather than exclude each other. Together they manage to give a new and more complete picture of the struggle for language depicted in the novel. / <p>Godkänt datum 2021-06-01</p>

This thesis examines a selection of poems of Ingeborg Bachmann and Paul Celan for stylistic devices, used to express the dynamic of speaking and silence in the poems. The main question of the thesis is how speaking and silencing are represented in the poetry of Ingeborg Bachmann and Paul Celan and which influence has the philosophy of Ludwig Wittgenstein and Martin Heidegger on this representation. For both poets the problem of speaking and expressing themselves appeared to be an acute question in the post-war time (World War II). The language scepticism led to the reconsideration of the role of language in poetry and the search for the new ways of expression.

In many nations, the 21st century has been about women in politics. Not only are they running for prominent political offices, but they are winning them. The trend toward success for American female politicians has been slower to progress, however, as no women have been elected to the U.S. Presidency to date, and social science research suggests persistent gender biases exist in their news coverage. In order to explore the potential role that media play in continuing this gender disparity in U.S. politics, this comparative study investigates how cable pundit programs – a dramatic, partisan genre of “news” that has risen in popularity since the 2008 election – frame female candidates for the highest national office. A content analysis of pre-election coverage of three prominent U.S. politicians on the national scene, Hillary Clinton, Sarah Palin and Michele Bachmann, on The O’Reilly Factor, On the Record with Greta Van Susteren, The Last Word with Lawrence O’Donnell, Countdown with Keith Olbermann and The Rachel Maddow Show reveals a small incidence of gendered coverage across these shows overall. Among said coverage found, however, trends in the data suggest that conservative programs employ more gendered frames than liberal programs, and that those frames are particularly negative when referring to liberal candidates (Clinton), and positive when referring to conservative (Palin and Bachmann) candidates. Further, the gender of the pundits, the gender of the cable network production staff members, and the political party affiliations of executive staff/owners correspond to the frames employed by these programs in unique ways.

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This thesis demonstrates the aesthetic impact of crisis on Ingeborg Bachmann's late verse and prose. It examines poetic drafts written during a period of personal breakdown in the 1960s, which have largely been received as documents of personal suffering, and identifies these texts as a radical stage of writing that was to prove formally significant for Bachmann's development of the prose "Todesarten"-Projekt. This thesis draws on the new material made available with the publication of these poetic drafts to chart the genesis of Bachmann's acclaimed late oeuvre. By selecting and grouping lyric fragments, the thesis defines recurrent features in this verse and accounts for the texts as a body of writing that forms a radical, yet undocumented, part of this oeuvre. In terms of both their form and of their content, the fragmentary drafts are shown to reflect new engagement with aspects of experience conventionally excluded from High Art. In light of Bachmann's growing preoccupation with the need for aesthetic engagement in the post-war era, close readings reveal how she set about taking her subjective suffering as a basis for a critique of the social order. The thesis outlines how, during the 1960s, Bachmann pioneered a symptomatic expressive mode that - in the disrupted form of the writing - found an indirect means of manifesting the wider origins of subjective disturbance. The ambiguous aesthetic status of these poetic drafts, which were never finished by Bachmann, is related to an inability to establish structural distance from crisis in lyric form. Building on its readings of the poetic drafts, the thesis traces Bachmann's prose experimentation with the same motifs. It identifies how, ultimately, the prose medium enabled the author to resolve problems of aesthetic form raised in the verse. Parallels with the work of other writers and thinkers illuminate the development of a reflexive mode where sophisticated aesthetic strategies enable the oblique expression of cultural critique.

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Franz Schubert (1797-1828), Gustav Mahler (1860-1911), Arnold Schönberg (1874-1951), pour nommer quelques-uns des plus grands compositeurs autrichiens, ont laissé à la culture de leur pays un important héritage musical. Dans ce mémoire, je postule que l’œuvre de l’écrivaine autrichienne Ingeborg Bachmann (1926-1973), quoique littéraire, perpétue cet héritage. Dans son roman Malina (1971), l’autrice emprunte au système de notation musicale, par ex. des fragments de partition (Pierrot lunaire [1912], Schönberg), des indications de tempo et de nuances, traditionnellement utilisées pour l’interprétation musicale (presto, legato, forte). Ce qui nous interpelle tout particulièrement chez Bachmann, c’est qu’en plus de – et en dialogue avec – ces influences musicales, son œuvre contient une pluralité de langues, notamment des mots en italien, une phrase écrite en anglais, les paroles d’une chanson française. Le présent travail est composé de deux parties (recherche et traduction), les deux consacrées à la présence de la musique et du multilinguisme chez Bachmann. Au premier chapitre, nous présenterons des travaux et collaborations qui ont suscité la réflexion sur le rapport entre les langues et sur celui entre la musique et le langage dans le parcours mouvementé de l’autrice. Au deuxième chapitre, nous examinerons trois lettres tirées de la correspondance multilingue Briefe einer Freundschaft (2004) entre Bachmann et le compositeur allemand Hans Werner Henze (1926-2012). Cette sélection, que nous avons traduite en français, servira de fenêtre révélatrice à la collaboration des deux artistes et à leurs esthétiques. Au troisième chapitre, notre analyse se concentrera sur l’expérience « polyphonique » de celles et ceux qui lisent le roman Malina : notre position est que cette expérience est produite à la fois par l’emploi des langues étrangères et du langage musical dans le roman Malina. En utilisant une approche comparative, nous montrerons comment les langues étrangères et le langage musical sont des éléments clés de la poétique de l’autrice, et dans quelle mesure ces langages, au moyen des nombreuses voix qu’ils incarnent – celles qui sont audibles (hörbar) et les inaudibles (unhörbar) – viendront tracer une nouvelle géographie de la vie. / Franz Schubert (1797-1828), Gustav Mahler (1860-1911), Arnold Schönberg (1874-1951), to name a few of the greatest Austrian composers, have left an important musical legacy to the culture of their country. In this thesis, I argue that the work of the Austrian writer Ingeborg Bachmann (1926-1973), although literary, carries on this musical legacy. In her novel Malina (1971), the author borrows from the system of musical notation, e.g. fragments of a score (Pierrot lunaire [1912], Schönberg), tempo and dynamics indications traditionally used for musical interpretation (presto, legato, forte). What is particularly interesting about Bachmann is that, in addition to – and in dialogue with – these musical influences, her novel contains a plurality of languages, including words in Italian, a sentence written in English, the lyrics of a French song. The following master thesis is composed of two sections (research and translation), both of which will discuss music and multilingualism in Bachmann’s work. In the first chapter, we present works and collaborations that have prompted reflection on the relationship between languages and between music and language in Bachmann's eventful career. In the second chapter, we examine three letters from the multilingual correspondence Briefe einer Freundschaft (2004) between Bachmann and the German composer Hans Werner Henze (1926-2012). This selection, which we have translated into French, will serve as a window into their collaboration and their aesthetics. In the third chapter, our analysis will focus on the “polyphonic” experience of those who read the novel Malina. Our position is that this experience is produced both by the use of foreign languages and musical language in the novel Malina. Overall, we show how foreign languages and musical language are key elements of the author's poetics, using a comparative approach, and to what extent these languages, by means of the many voices they embody – the audible (hörbar) and the inaudible (unhörbar) – will trace a new geography of life.

I trace Jacques Derrida's notions of self and truth in Circumfession. This text paints a gruesome self-portrait depicting the inescapable violence of subjectivity. The self is born in blood. Derrida courageously confesses to being a casualty of this lovelessness. Similarly, exploring the depth of patriarchy's inscriptions requires facing the painful truth of my bleeding self. Investigating these wounds seems to reopen them, making me complicit in my own oppression. Drawing from the rich narrative of Ingeborg Bachmann's novel Malina, I allow feminists such as Helene Cixous, Luce Irigaray, Drucilla Cornell and bell hooks to engage Derrida's notions of the wounded and wounding self. Beginning in this bloody place, they attempt to write a way-out of the disempowering systems of subjectivity to which the female self seems confined. They write in order that love will bleed some light on the struggle for empowered female subjectivity, re-writing the self as a space of love rather than violence.