本論文探討十九世紀後期以降，日本人在帝國形成過程中，對南方地域異己的想像與描繪過程。自江戶末期以來，日本被迫面對西方列強的進逼，開啟了原先封閉的國門，更擴大了國人對海外異己的想像空間。明治開國後，日本開始逐步南進，陸續佔領太平洋海域各島嶼，並展開對南方地域族群、人文與自然地貌的認識、討論及分類，而在向外拓展的過程中，更是不斷地累積知識、形塑與重整南方異己論述。日本對臺灣的殖民統治，則透過與原住民的接觸，成為深化這份異己論述的重要經驗，並於二十世紀初期逐漸定型為負面、劣等的族群刻板形象，強化文明與野蠻的二元對立。 本文即整理1870至1920年間日本人對南方異己的想像與知識建構過程，並以新聞報紙為主要分析史料，探討帝國在向南擴展勢力時，如何藉由大眾媒體，將臺灣及南洋地區的接觸經驗轉化成異己想像，定位文明與野蠻，進而從中確立自身族群的文明位階。 由於近代日本的新聞業發展，與帝國興起相輔相成，大眾媒體更對異己想像的形塑扮演了關鍵的傳播角色，因此成為本文的研究重點。結論則指出，在帝國權力的逐步箝制下，新聞媒體依舊展現一定程度的公共性，為形塑多元異己論述提供重要的開放平台。 / This thesis explores the forging of Japanese impression toward the southern otherness since the late 19th century during the rise of the Japanese empire. At the end of Edo period, Japan was forced to confront the Western power, opened their country, and widened its imagination of people abroad. Since Meiji period, Japan started to occupy islands and islets in the Pacific Ocean. It was also the period for the Japanese people to start to acknowledge, discuss, sort, and pile up their understanding of the southern natural and cultural scenery. By advancing to the further south, they continued to shape, reform the discourse of the southern otherness. In the early 20th century, colonizing Taiwan offered the Japanese people a chance to contact with the indigenous, which deepened the discourse of otherness, built discriminative ethnic stereotypes, and reassured the binary opposition of civilization and savagery. By parsing the historical materials, mainly Japanese Shimbun media, this thesis focuses on 1870s to 1920s, illustrates how the Japanese empire forged their impression of southern otherness, how it divided civilization and savagery by using the media-twisted southern imagination, and how it ranked its own civilization at the same time. The development of journalism in modern Japan was deeply in tandem with the rise of the Japanese empire. Also, mass media played an important role with the process of forming impression of otherness, which becomes the key point of research. In conclusion, despite the gradual control of the journalism by the government, mass media still showed its publicness and provided an open platform to develop multiple discourses of otherness.

In this paper I’m studying Toni Morrison’s short story Recitatif (2022) through the perspective of deconstruction. I theorise about conceptual meanings and differences that occur and can be found in structures. With deconstruction I can observe where in the text traces of metaphysics lay and what impact they have on the characters that live within the story. The study examines binary oppositions such as white and black; male and female; being rich and being poor; being somebody and being nobody. Questions are raised about found meaning in these categories, what they entail and say about perception of reality, and how all of these categories fit into one much bigger classification: the human. This study follows the text closely, exploring the story in chronological order and focuses on the two main characters, Twyla and Roberta, who symbolise two different ends of the binary opposition white and black skinned. Twyla and Roberta come to define themselves by their contrasts and that is also where deconstruction flows and exists. In the end, it’s the character Maggie – first seen as ”unimportant” – that comes to play a crucial part in the shaping of the story and Twyla and Roberta’s lives. Therefore, through deconstruction and its terms and notions, I further investigate Maggie’s character and her meaning and place in Recitatif. This study concludes with that while binary oppositions – and the perceptions they comprise – are firmly established around the characters and the world so are they not fully bound by them. / I den här uppsatsen genomför jag en läsning av Toni Morrisons novell Recitatif (2022) utifrån det teoretiska perspektivet dekonstruktion. Genom dekonstruktion synliggör, analyserar och problematiserar jag konceptuella världsuppfattningar och strukturer. Jag observerar var i texten metafysik finns och vilken påverkan det har på karaktärerna i berättelsen. I uppsatsen undersöks dikotomier och binära motsättningar såsom vit och svart; man och kvinna; rik och fattig; att vara betydelsefull och att vara oväsentlig. Till följd av dessa strukturella indelningar och inramningar väcks frågor om verklighetsuppfattning och mening samt att de därutöver ingår i en gemensam kategori: människan. Denna uppsats gör en textnära läsning och följer berättelsen i kronologisk ordning med fokus på de två huvudkaraktärerna, Twyla och Roberta, som symboliserar två olika sidor i den binära motsättningar vit och svart hudfärg. Twyla och Robertas mening och föreställning om omvälden samt identitet uppstår genom att deras likheter och olikheter ställs i kontrast mot varandra vilken dekonstruktion blottlägger. Till slut visar det sig dock att karaktären Maggie – som man först inte tror spelar en stor roll i novellen – har en betydande inverkan på berättelsen och hon kommer att omdefiniera både Tywlas och Robertas verklighetsuppfattning. Därför, genom dekonstruktionsperspektivet, undersöker jag Maggies karaktär och vilken funktion den fyller i Recitatif. Uppsatsen avslutas med slutsatsen att medan binära motsättningar – och de konceptuella världsuppfattningar som uppstår till följd av dem – starkt påverkar karaktärerna och världen är de dock inte helt och hållet bundna att förhålla sig efter dem.

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no abstract available / Linguistics / M.A. (Sociolinguistics)

本篇論文旨在探討，將尚．布希亞所觀察到的擬仿物應用到詹姆斯．喬伊斯的《都柏林人》之可能性。擬仿物是一種自我指涉、和真實脫離關係的符號，且擬仿物的誕生即代表了真實的死亡。擬仿物的論證有助於解釋《都柏林人》中二元對立的瓦解，例如真實∕想像，民族主義∕帝國主義，精神性∕物質性，加害者∕被害者，過去∕現今等。除此之外，其他和布希亞擬像理論相關的概念如墨比絲環迴繞的否定性、退卻的歷史，和內爆，都能闡釋都柏林中意義的蒸發。從＜會議室裡的常春藤日＞中的民主選舉擬仿物，＜賽車之後＞中的民族認同擬仿物，＜阿拉比＞中的商品擬仿物，＜伊芙琳＞中的父權擬仿物，＜一抹微雲＞中的國界擬仿物，到＜死者＞中的歷史擬仿物，喬伊斯的都柏林人在察覺真實的消失之後，感到震驚或無法反應。儘管喬伊斯典型的結局透露出一絲灰暗，將布希亞應用至喬伊斯，確實提供都柏林人從二元對立的結構中獲得自由的機會。

no abstract available / Linguistics and Modern Languages / M.A. (Sociolinguistics)

Presented diploma work called "Semiotic and anthropological analysis of Prague metro" shows metro to a reader as a place from a semiotic point of view. A metro "user" plays a key role in the whole diploma work. Apart from dealing with metro as a place, this work also regards a reference of a fixed structure of metro to a city. The work also pays attention to an analysis of signs that can be found there by a metro user and can serve him as a useful tool for better orientation there. In the theoretical part semiotics as a science and its approaches are being presented. The diploma work also deals with a topic of a city from an antropological point of view. It applies, for example, a question of place and nonplace, picture of a city or a map and itineraries. The applied part of the work presents use of the theory in Prague metro. It also deals with orientation, navigational sign systems and comunication systems. Other topic examined in this diploma work is a role of Prague metro and its city surroundings in a mental city mapping done by its user. Besides, the work shows the metro and its surroundings as a place of everyday life. Keywords: Semiotics, sign, communication, binary opposition, connotation, denotation, text, city, image map, places and non-places, place and space, map, itinerary, everyday...

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